Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Income Taxes

Schedule of components of provision (benefit) for income taxes

Years ended December 31,	2016			2015			2014
(in thousands)
Current (benefit) provision:
Federal	$	(43,993	)	$	(24,727	)	$	119,074
State		(24,479	)		(3,638	)		19,858
Foreign		4,567			7,898			2,907
Deferred (benefit) provision:
Federal		(31,505	)		(31,178	)		11,514
State		(2,704	)		(1,835	)		840
Total income tax (benefit) provision	$	(98,114	)	$	(53,480	)	$	154,193

Schedule of reconciliation between the federal statutory rate and effective tax rate

Years ended December 31,	2016			2015			2014
Federal statutory rate		35.0	%		35.0	%		35.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit		1.3			—			3.3
Tax credits		0.1			0.3			(0.7	)
Non-deductible expenses		(0.7	)		(1.3	)		0.4
Change in contingencies		6.6			—			—
Other		(1.3	)		0.9			0.6
Effective tax rate		41.0	%		34.9	%		38.6	%

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

December 31,	2016			2015
(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Self-insurance	$	5,907		$	7,274
Pension		11,995			12,048
State net operating loss carryforwards		1,455			370
Bad debt		991			4,041
Accrued payroll		857			1,330
Stock-based compensation		5,847			5,885
All others		2,483			4,704
Valuation allowance		(356	)		(276	)
Gross deferred tax assets		29,179			35,376
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation		(95,606	)		(137,606	)
Goodwill amortization		(9,340	)		(8,887	)
Basis differences in variable interest entities		(5,281	)		(4,876	)
Basis differences in joint ventures		(396	)		518
All others		(22	)		(20	)
Gross deferred tax liabilities		(110,645	)		(150,871	)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(81,466	)	$	(115,495	)

Schedule of reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits

	2016			2015
Balance at January 1	$	26,152,000		$	23,267,000
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		0			2,171,000
Additions for tax positions of prior years		0			714,000
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(23,937,000	)		0
Balance at December 31	$	2,215,000		$	26,152,000