Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans

Note 10: Employee Benefit Plans

Defined Benefit Pension Plan

The Company’s Retirement Income Plan, a trusteed defined benefit pension plan, provides monthly benefits upon retirement at age 65 to substantially all employees with at least one year of service prior to 2002. During 2001, the plan became a multiple employer plan, with Marine Products Corporation as an adopting employer.

The Company’s projected benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of the plan assets under its pension plan by $12.0 million and thus the plan was under-funded as of December 31, 2015. The following table sets forth the funded status of the Retirement Income Plan and the amounts recognized in RPC’s consolidated balance sheets:

December 31,	2015			2014
(in thousands)
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year	$	42,894		$	47,410
CHANGE IN PROJECTED BENEFIT OBLIGATION:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	47,410		$	37,528
Service cost		—			—
Interest cost		1,898			1,946
Amendments		—			—
Actuarial loss (gain)		(4,593	)		9,725
Benefits paid		(1,821	)		(1,789	)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year	$	42,894		$	47,410
CHANGE IN PLAN ASSETS:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	32,622		$	32,426
Actual return on plan assets		(714	)		1,220
Employer contribution		850			765
Benefits paid		(1,821	)		(1,789	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$	30,937		$	32,622
Funded status at end of year	$	(11,957	)	$	(14,788	)

December 31,	2015			2014
(in thousands)
AMOUNTS RECOGNIZED IN THE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS CONSIST OF:
Noncurrent assets	$	—		$	—
Current liabilities		—			—
Noncurrent liabilities		(11,957	)		(14,788	)
	$	(11,957	)	$	(14,788	)

December 31,	2015		2014
(in thousands)
AMOUNTS (PRE-TAX) RECOGNIZED IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) CONSIST OF:
Net loss (gain)	$	23,172	$	25,583
Prior service cost (credit)		—		—
Net transition obligation (asset)		—		—
	$	23,172	$	25,583

The accumulated benefit obligation for the Retirement Income Plan at December 31, 2015 and 2014 has been disclosed above. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this qualified plan.

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:

December 31,	2015			2014
(in thousands)
Funded status	$	(11,957	)	$	(14,788	)
SERP liability		(21,052	)		(19,611	)
Long-term pension liability	$	(33,009	)	$	(34,399	)

RPC’s funding policy is to contribute to the defined benefit pension plan the amount required, if any, under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. Amounts contributed to the plan totaled $850,000 in 2015 and $765,000 in 2014.

The components of net periodic benefit cost are summarized as follows:

Years ended December 31,	2015			2014			2013
(in thousands)
Service cost for benefits earned during the period	$	—		$	—		$	—
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation		1,898			1,946			1,741
Expected return on plan assets		(2,259	)		(2,240	)		(2,043	)
Amortization of net loss		790			531			784
Net periodic benefit plan cost	$	429		$	237		$	482

The Company recognized pre-tax (increases) decreases to the funded status in accumulated other comprehensive loss of $(2,411,000) in 2015, $10,214,000 in 2014, and $(7,760,000) in 2014. There were no previously unrecognized prior service costs as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. The pre-tax amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 are summarized as follows:

(in thousands)	2015			2014			2013
Net loss (gain)	$	(1,621	)	$	10,745		$	(6,976	)
Amortization of net loss		(790	)		(531	)		(784	)
Net transition obligation (asset)		—			—			—
Amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(2,411	)	$	10,214		$	(7,760	)

The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost in 2016 are as follows:

(in thousands)	2016
Amortization of net loss	$	753
Prior service cost (credit)		—
Net transition obligation (asset)		—
Estimated net periodic benefit plan cost	$	753

The weighted average assumptions as of December 31 used to determine the projected benefit obligation and net benefit cost were as follows:

December 31,	2015			2014			2013
Projected Benefit Obligation:
Discount rate		4.70	%		4.15	%		5.20	%
Rate of compensation increase		N/A			N/A			N/A
Net Benefit Cost:
Discount rate		4.15	%		5.20	%		4.16	%
Expected return on plan assets		7.00	%		7.00	%		7.00	%
Rate of compensation increase		N/A			N/A			N/A

The Company’s expected return on assets assumption is derived from a detailed periodic assessment conducted by its management and its investment advisor. It includes a review of anticipated future long-term performance of individual asset classes and consideration of the appropriate asset allocation strategy given the anticipated requirements of the plan to determine the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested to provide for the pension plan benefits. While the study gives appropriate consideration to recent fund performance and historical returns, the rate of return assumption is derived primarily from a long-term, prospective view. Based on its recent assessment, the Company has concluded that its expected long-term return assumption of seven percent is reasonable.

The plan’s weighted average asset allocation at December 31, 2015 and 2014 by asset category along with the target allocation for 2016 are as follows: 

Asset Category	Target Allocation for 2016			Percentage of Plan Assets as of December 31, 2015			Percentage of Plan Assets as of December 31, 2014
Cash and Cash Equivalents		0% -   5	%		0.7	%		1.0	%
Debt Securities – Core Fixed Income		15% - 50	%		25.8	%		24.3	%
Domestic Equity Securities		0% - 40	%		38.5	%		37.0	%
International Equity Securities		0% - 30	%		23.2	%		22.8	%
Real Estate		0% - 20	%		7.2	%		10.5	%
Real Return		0% - 20	%		—	%		1.6	%
Alternative/Opportunistic/Special funds		0% - 20	%		4.6	%		2.8	%
Total		100	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

The Company’s overall investment strategy is to achieve a mix of approximately 70 percent of investments for long-term growth and 30 percent for near-term benefit payments, with a wide diversification of asset types, fund strategies and fund managers.  Equity securities primarily include investments in large-cap and small-cap companies domiciled domestically and internationally. Fixed-income securities include corporate bonds, mortgage-backed securities, sovereign bonds, and U.S. Treasuries.  Other types of investments include real estate funds and private equity funds that follow several different investment strategies. For each of the asset categories in the pension plan, the investment strategy is identical – maximize the long-term rate of return on plan assets with an acceptable level of risk in order to minimize the cost of providing pension benefits. The investment policy establishes a target allocation for each asset class which is rebalanced as required.  The plan utilizes a number of investment approaches, including but not limited to individual market securities, equity and fixed income funds in which the underlying securities are marketable, and debt funds to achieve this target allocation.  Company management expects to make a contribution to the pension plan of approximately $900,000 during fiscal year 2016.

Some of our assets, primarily our private equity and real estate funds, do not have readily determinable market values given the specific investment structures involved and the nature of the underlying investments. For the December 31, 2015 plan asset reporting, publicly traded asset pricing was used where possible.  For assets without readily determinable values, estimates were derived from investment manager statements combined with discussions focusing on underlying fundamentals and significant events. Additionally, these investments are categorized as level 3 investments and are valued using significant non-observable inputs which do not have a readily determinable fair value.  In accordance with ASU No. 2009-12 “Investments In Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (Or Its Equivalent),” these investments are valued based on the net asset value per share calculated by the funds in which the plan has invested. These valuations are subject to judgments and assumptions of the funds which may prove to be incorrect, resulting in risks of incorrect valuation of these investments. The Company seeks to mitigate against these risks by evaluating the appropriateness of the funds’ judgments and assumptions by reviewing the financial data included in the funds’ financial statements for reasonableness.

The following tables present our plan assets using the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. See Note 8 for a brief description of the three levels under the fair value hierarchy.

Fair Value Hierarchy as of December 31, 2015:

Investments (in thousands)			Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and Cash Equivalents	(1	)	$	210	$	210	$	—	$	—
Fixed Income Securities	(2	)		7,987		—		7,987		—
Domestic Equity Securities	(3	)		11,908		4,285		7,623		—
International Equity Securities	(4	)		7,163		—		7,163		—
Real Estate	(5	)		2,224		—		—		2,224
Real Return	(6	)		—		—		—		—
Alternative/Opportunistic/Special funds	(7	)		1,445		—		—		1,445
			$	30,937	$	4,495	$	22,773	$	3,669

Fair Value Hierarchy as of December 31, 2014:

Investments (in thousands)			Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and Cash Equivalents	(1	)	$	329	$	329	$	—	$	—
Fixed Income Securities	(2	)		7,915		3,194		4,721		—
Domestic Equity Securities	(3	)		12,076		4,324		7,752		—
International Equity Securities	(4	)		7,442		—		7,442		—
Real Estate	(5	)		3,420		—		—		3,420
Real Return	(6	)		515		—		515		—
Alternative/Opportunistic/Special funds	(7	)		925		—		—		925
			$	32,622	$	7,847	$	20,430	$	4,345

(1) Cash and cash equivalents, which are used to pay benefits and plan administrative expenses, are held in Rule 2a-7 money market funds.

(2) Fixed income securities are primarily valued using a market approach with inputs that include broker quotes, benchmark yields, base spreads and reported trades.

(3) Domestic equity securities are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of identical instruments in their respective markets.

(4) International equity securities are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of identical instruments in their respective markets.

(5) Real estate fund values are primarily reported by the fund manager and are based on valuation of the underlying investments, which include inputs such as cost, discounted future cash flows, independent appraisals and market based comparable data.

(6) Real return funds invest in global equities, commodities and inflation protected core bonds that are valued primarily using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of identical instruments in their respective markets.

(7) Alternative/Opportunistic/Special funds can invest across the capital structure in both liquid and illiquid securities that are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of identical instruments, or if no market price is available, instruments will be held at their fair market value (which may be cost) as reasonably determined by the investment manager, independent dealers, or pricing services.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Level 3 assets held during the year ended December 31, 2015:

Investments (in thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2014		Net Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses)		Net Purchases, Issuances and Settlements			Net Transfers In to (Out of) Level 3		Balance at December 31, 2015
Real Estate	$	3,420	$	279	$	(1,475	)	$	—	$	2,224
Alternative/Opportunistic/Special funds		925		70		450			—		1,445
	$	4,345	$	349	$	(1,025	)	$	—	$	3,669

The following table presents a reconciliation of Level 3 assets held during the year ended December 31, 2014:

Investments (in thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2013		Net Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses)		Net Purchases, Issuances and Settlements		Net Transfers In to (Out of) Level 3		Balance at December 31, 2014
Real Estate	$	2,705	$	133	$	582	$	—	$	3,420
Alternative/Opportunistic/Special funds		—		21		904		—		925
	$	2,705	$	154	$	1,486	$	—	$	4,345

The Company estimates that the future benefits payable for the Retirement Income Plan over the next ten years are as follows:

(in thousands)
2016	$	2,228
2017		2,328
2018		2,449
2019		2,510
2020		2,546
2021-2025		13,818

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP)

The Company permits selected highly compensated employees to defer a portion of their compensation into the SERP. The SERP assets are invested primarily in company-owned life insurance (“COLI”) policies as a funding source to satisfy the obligations of the SERP. The assets are subject to claims by creditors, and the Company can designate them to another purpose at any time. Investments in COLI policies consisted of $46.8 million in variable life insurance policies as of December 31, 2015 and $48.0 million as of December 31, 2014. In the COLI policies, the Company is able to allocate investment of the assets across a set of choices provided by the insurance company, including fixed income securities and equity funds. The COLI policies are recorded at their net cash surrender values, which approximates fair value, as provided by the issuing insurance company, whose Standard & Poor’s credit rating was A+.

The Company classifies the SERP assets as trading securities as described in Note 1. The fair value of these assets totaled $16,081,000 as of December 31, 2015 and $16,491,000 as of December 31, 2014. The SERP assets are reported in other assets on the balance sheet. The changes in the fair value of these assets, and normal insurance expenses are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations as compensation cost within selling, general and administrative expenses. Trading (losses) gains related to the SERP assets totaled $(519,000) in 2015, $959,000 in 2014, and $2,026,000 in 2013. The SERP liability is recorded on the balance sheet in long-term pension liabilities with any change in the fair value of the liabilities recorded as compensation cost within selling, general and administrative expenses in the statement of operations.

401(k) Plan

RPC sponsors a defined contribution 401(k) plan that is available to substantially all full-time employees with more than three months of service. This plan allows employees to make tax-deferred contributions from one to 25 percent of their annual compensation, not exceeding the permissible contribution imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. RPC matches 50 percent of each employee’s contributions that do not exceed six percent of the employee’s compensation, as defined by the plan. Employees vest in the RPC contributions after three years of service. The charges to expense for the Company’s contributions to the 401(k) plan were $4,796,000 in 2015, $6,970,000 in 2014, and $5,451,000 in 2013.

Stock Incentive Plans

The Company has issued stock options and restricted stock to employees under three 10 year stock incentive plans that were approved by stockholders in 1994, 2004 and 2014. The 1994 plan expired in 2004 and the 2004 Plan expired in 2014. In April 2014, the Company reserved 8,000,000 shares of common stock under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan with a term of 10 years expiring in April 2024.  This plan provides for the issuance of various forms of stock incentives, including, among others, incentive and non-qualified stock options and restricted shares.  As of December 31, 2015, 7,120,525 shares were available for grant.

The Company recognizes compensation expense for the unvested portion of awards outstanding over the remainder of the service period. The compensation cost recorded for these awards is based on their fair value at the grant date less the cost of estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods to reflect actual forfeitures. Cash flows related to share-based payment awards to employees that result in tax benefits in excess of recognized cumulative compensation cost (excess tax benefits) are classified as a financing activity in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.

Pre-tax stock-based employee compensation expense was $9,960,000 in 2015 ($6,325,000 after tax), $9,074,000 in 2014 ($5,762,000 after tax), and $8,177,000 in 2013 ($5,192,000 after tax).

Stock Options

Stock options are granted at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant except for grants of incentive stock options to owners of greater than 10 percent of the Company’s voting securities which must be made at 110 percent of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. Options generally vest ratably over a period of five years and expire in 10 years, except incentive stock options granted to owners of greater than 10 percent of the Company’s voting securities, which expire in five years.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company has not granted stock options to employees since 2003 and there are none outstanding. There were no stock options exercised during 2015, 2014 or 2013 and there are no stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2015.

Restricted Stock

The Company has granted employees time lapse restricted stock which vest after a stipulated number of years from the grant date, depending on the terms of the issue. Time lapse restricted shares issued vest in 20 percent increments annually starting with the second anniversary of the grant. Grantees receive dividends declared and retain voting rights for the granted shares. The agreement under which the restricted stock is issued provides that shares awarded may not be sold or otherwise transferred until restrictions established under the stock plans have lapsed. Upon termination of employment from RPC (other than due to death, disability or retirement on or after age 65), shares with restrictions must be returned to the Company.

The following is a summary of the changes in non-vested restricted shares for the year ended December 31, 2015:

	Shares			Weighted Average Grant- Date Fair Value
Non-vested shares at January 1, 2015		3,575,150		$	12.04
Granted		895,725			12.30
Vested		(1,054,625	)		8.66
Forfeited		(104,075	)		12.78
Non-vested shares at December 31, 2015		3,312,175		$	13.17

The following is a summary of the changes in non-vested restricted shares for the year ended December 31, 2014:

	Shares			Weighted Average Grant- Date Fair Value
Non-vested shares at January 1, 2014		4,114,800		$	9.67
Granted		657,375			18.84
Vested		(1,108,790	)		7.20
Forfeited		(88,235	)		12.83
Non-vested shares at December 31, 2014		3,575,150		$	12.04

The fair value of restricted share awards is based on the market price of the Company’s stock on the date of the grant and is amortized to compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The weighted average grant date fair value per share of these restricted stock awards was $12.30 for 2015, $18.84 for 2014 and $13.68 for 2013. The total fair value of shares vested was $12,727,000 during 2015, $20,664,000 during 2014 and $15,471,000 during 2013. The tax benefit for compensation tax deductions in excess of compensation expense was credited to capital in excess of par value aggregating $1,410,000 for 2015, $4,336,000 for 2014 and $3,178,000 for 2013. The excess tax deductions are classified as a financing activity in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.

Other Information

As of December 31, 2015, total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted shares was $38,982,000 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years.