EX-99.1 3 c85959exv99w1.htm EXHIBIT 99.1 Exhibit 99.1
EXHIBIT 99.1
PART I
Item 1. BUSINESS
General
UDR, Inc. is a self administered real estate investment trust, or REIT, that owns, acquires, renovates, develops, and manages apartment communities nationwide. At December 31, 2008, our wholly-owned apartment portfolio included 161 communities located in 23 markets, with a total of 44,388 completed apartment homes. In addition, we have an ownership interest in 4,158 apartment units through joint ventures.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which we refer to in this Report as the “Code”. To continue to qualify as a REIT, we must continue to meet certain tests which, among other things, generally require that our assets consist primarily of real estate assets, our income be derived primarily from real estate assets, and that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (other than our net capital gain) to our stockholders annually. As a qualified REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes at the corporate level on our net income to the extent we distribute such net income to our stockholders annually. In 2008, we declared total distributions on an adjusted basis of $2.11 per common share and a dividend of $0.89 per common share to our stockholders due to our disposition activities during 2008, which on a pre-adjusted dividend basis is $2.28 per common share, inclusive of a special dividend of $0.96 per common share to our stockholders. A detailed discussion of the special dividend and the accounting ramifications is included below under the heading “Special Dividend”.
                                 
    Dividends Declared in 2008     Dividends Paid in 2008  
    Unadjusted     Adjusted     Unadjusted     Adjusted  
First Quarter
  $ 0.330     $ 0.305     $ 0.330     $ 0.305  
Second Quarter
    0.330       0.305       0.330       0.305  
Third Quarter
    0.330       0.305       0.330       0.305  
Fourth Quarter
    1.290       1.190       0.330       0.305  
 
                       
Total
  $ 2.280     $ 2.105     $ 1.320     $ 1.220  
 
                       
We were formed in 1972 as a Virginia corporation. In June 2003, we changed our state of incorporation from Virginia to Maryland. Our corporate offices are located at 1745 Shea Center Drive, Suite 200, Highlands Ranch, Colorado. As of February 12, 2009, we had 1,264 full-time employees and 74 part-time employees.
Our subsidiaries include two operating partnerships, Heritage Communities L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, and United Dominion Realty L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, and RE3, our subsidiary that focuses on development, land entitlement and short-term hold investments. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Report to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” or “UDR” refer collectively to UDR, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Business Objectives
Our principal business objective is to maximize the economic returns of our apartment communities to provide our stockholders with the greatest possible total return and value. To achieve this objective, we intend to continue to pursue the following goals and strategies:
    own and operate apartments in markets that have the best growth prospects based on favorable job formation and low home affordability, thus enhancing stability and predictability of returns to our stockholders;
    manage real estate cycles by taking an opportunistic approach to buying, selling, and building apartment communities;
    empower site associates to manage our communities efficiently and effectively;
    measure and reward associates based on specific performance targets; and
    manage our capital structure to ensure predictability of earnings and dividends.

 

 


 

2008 Accomplishments
    We closed on a two-year unsecured term loan of $240 million of which $200 million was swapped into a fixed rate of 3.61% and $40 million has a rate of LIBOR plus 85 basis points. Proceeds from this loan were used to redeem maturing debt.
    We closed on a $400 million credit facility which matures November 2018. At December 31, 2008, we had $224.8 million outstanding on the facility — $70.0 million at a fixed interest rate of 5.85% and $154.8 million at a variable interest rate, fixed with two- and three-year LIBOR swaps at an average rate of 4.32%. The Company has five years to draw on the additional $175.2 million of capacity.
    We sold 8,661,201 shares of common stock adjusted for the special dividend (8,000,000 shares of common stock on an unadjusted basis) in a public offering, resulting in gross proceeds to us of $194.0 million, which were in part used to reduce corporate debt.
    We completed development on two wholly-owned communities consisting of 644 apartment homes with an aggregate carrying value of $44.4 million.
    We acquired 4,558 apartment homes in 13 communities for approximately $976.3 million, two parcels of land for $20.0 million, certain rights held by joint venture partner for $1.5 million and a retail property for $19.2 million.
    We sold 86 communities with a total of 25,684 apartment homes for gross consideration of $1.7 billion.
UDR’s Strategies and Vision
UDR previously announced its vision to be the innovative multifamily public real estate investment of choice. We identified the following strategies to guide decision-making and accelerated growth:
  1.   Strengthen our portfolio
 
  2.   Continually improve operations
 
  3.   Maintain access to low-cost capital
Strengthen our Portfolio
UDR is focused on increasing its presence in markets with favorable job formation, low housing affordability, and a favorable demand/supply ratio for multifamily housing. Portfolio decisions consider third-party research, taking into account job growth, multifamily permitting and housing affordability.
In 2008, UDR sold a portfolio of properties in 86 communities for total consideration of approximately $1.7 billion. This portfolio sale dramatically accelerated our transformation to focus on markets that have the best growth prospects based on favorable job formation and low single-family home affordability. At December 31, 2008, approximately 56.6% of the Company’s same store net operating income was provided by our communities located in California, Washington, Oregon and Metropolitan Washington, D.C.
Acquisitions
During 2008, in conjunction with our strategy to strengthen our portfolio, UDR acquired 13 communities with 4,558 apartment homes at a total cost of approximately $976.3 million, including the assumption of secured debt. In addition, we purchased two parcels of land for $20.0 million, acquired certain rights held by a joint venture partner for $1.5 million in a consolidated operating joint venture and acquired a retail property for $19.2 million. UDR targets apartment community acquisitions in markets where job growth expectations are above the national average, home affordability is low, and the demand/supply ratio for multi-family housing is favorable.

 

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When evaluating potential acquisitions, we consider:
    population growth, cost of alternative housing, overall potential for economic growth and the tax and regulatory environment of the community in which the property is located;
    geographic location, including proximity to our existing communities which can deliver significant economies of scale;
    construction quality, condition and design of the community;
    current and projected cash flow of the property and the ability to increase cash flow;
    potential for capital appreciation of the property;
    ability to increase the value and profitability of the property through upgrades and repositioning;
    terms of resident leases, including the potential for rent increases;
    occupancy and demand by residents for properties of a similar type in the vicinity;
    prospects for liquidity through sale, financing, or refinancing of the property; and
    competition from existing multifamily communities and the potential for the construction of new multifamily properties in the area.
The following table summarizes our apartment acquisitions and our year-end ownership position for the past five years (dollars in thousands):
                                         
    2008     2007     2006     2005     2004  
 
                                       
Homes acquired
    4,558       2,671       2,763       2,561       8,060  
Homes owned at December 31
    44,388       65,867       70,339       74,875       78,855  
Total real estate owned, at cost
  $ 5,831,753     $ 5,956,481     $ 5,820,122     $ 5,512,424     $ 5,243,296  
Dispositions
We regularly monitor and adjust our assets to increase the quality and performance of our portfolio. During 2008, as a major step in our portfolio repositioning, we sold 25,684 of our slower growing, non-core apartment homes while exiting some markets, specifically Arkansas, Delaware, Ohio, and South Carolina in an effort to increase the quality and performance of our portfolio. Proceeds from the disposition program were used primarily to reduce debt and fund acquisitions.
Factors we consider in deciding whether to dispose of a property include:
    current market price for an asset compared to projected economics for that asset;
    potential increases in new construction in the market area;
    areas where the economy is not expected to grow substantially; and
    markets where we do not intend to establish long-term concentration.

 

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Development Activities
The following wholly owned projects were under development as of December 31, 2008:
                                                 
    Number of     Completed     Cost to     Budgeted     Estimated     Expected  
    Apartment     Apartment     Date     Cost     Cost     Completion  
    Homes     Homes     (in thousands)     (in thousands)     Per Home     Date  
Riachi at One21 — Phase II
Plano, TX
    200       56     $ 13,602     $ 17,900     $ 89,500       1Q09  
 
                                               
Vintage Lofts
Tampa, FL
    249       109       51,470       52,000       208,835       1Q09  
 
                                               
Belmont
Dallas, TX
    465             32,108       62,900       135,269       2Q10  
 
                                               
Residences at Stadium Village
Surprise, AZ
    382             25,698       47,400       124,084       1Q10  
 
                                               
Tribute
Raleigh, NC
    359             15,242       46,500       129,526       1Q10  
 
                                               
Vitruvian Park
Dallas, TX
    392             19,061       66,500       169,643       3Q10  
 
                                               
Signal Hill
Woodbridge, VA
    360             29,642       82,700       229,722       3Q10  
 
                                     
 
    2,407       165     $ 186,823     $ 375,900     $ 156,170          
 
                                     
Redevelopment Activities
During 2008, we continued to reposition properties in targeted markets where we concluded there was an opportunity to add value. Major renovations totaled $51.8 million or $1,123 per average stabilized home for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Joint Venture Activities
During 2008, we completed the development of an apartment community located in Marina del Rey, CA with 298 apartment homes and a carrying value of $139.3 million. The apartment community is currently in lease-up. In December 2008, we acquired our joint venture partner’s interest in their profit participation and terminated the property management agreement that had approximately two years remaining on the pre-existing contract.
The Company has the following unconsolidated joint venture project under development as of December 31, 2008 (based on UDR’s 49% ownership interest):
                                                 
    Number of     Completed     Cost to     Budgeted     Estimated     Expected  
    Apartment     Apartment     Date     Cost     Cost     Completion  
    Homes     Homes     (in thousands)     (in thousands)     Per Home     Date  
 
                                               
Ashwood Commons
Bellevue, WA
    274           $ 43,128     $ 49,000     $ 178,832       3Q09  
 
                                   
The Company is also a partner in a joint venture to develop another site in Bellevue, Washington. Upon formation of the joint venture, we owned 49% of the entity that proposes to develop a 430 home high-rise apartment building with ground floor retail space. The project is ongoing and will commence construction once favorable financing has been obtained.

 

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UDR through unconsolidated joint ventures owns 4,862 apartment homes (with ownership percentages ranging from 20% to 49%) of which 4,158 are operating and 704 are under development. Our total equity investment at December 31, 2008 was $47.0 million. For additional information, see Note 4 “Joint Ventures” of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.
Continually Improve Operations
UDR is committed to improving operations through automation and enhancing the customer’s experience. Since adopting our new corporate strategies, UDR has out-sourced a call center and created MyUDR, our resident services portal on our website. UDR customers have access to conduct business with us 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to pay rent on line and to submit a service request. Through transforming operations and engaging technology our residents get the convenience they want and our operating teams become more efficient.
In 2008, UDR continually enhanced www.udr.com and individual community websites deploying an innovative 3D interactive photo viewer, customized version of the apartment selector program, and special views or photos that feature specific apartment homes that commands an excellent view from the apartment, floor plans and availability. In addition to UDR.com improvements, we also launched a Quick Response 2D bar code program that can be used on most mobile devices. An industry first iPhone apartment search website was launched, and we established a social media website presence in MySpace.com. These enhancements have increased overall web visitor traffic to over 1.4 million visitors and more than 1.0 million organic search engine visitors which contributed to a 15% year-over-year lead stream increase.
Previously, UDR launched a new Spanish-language site, marketing to Latinos, the nation’s fastest-growing ethnic group. The site offers over 4,000 Spanish translated web pages and includes apartments for rent search resources. The website can be found at http://es.udr.com and can also be found on any web-enabled mobile device.
Maintaining Access to Low-Cost Capital
We seek to maintain a capital structure that allows us to seek, and not just react to, opportunities available in the marketplace. We have structured our borrowings to layer our debt maturities and to be able to access both secured and unsecured debt.
Special Dividend
On November 5, 2008, our Board of Directors declared a dividend on a pre-adjusted basis of $1.29 per share (approximately $176.0 million or $1.19 per share on an adjusted basis) payable to holders of our common stock (“the Special Dividend”). The Special Dividend was paid on January 29, 2009 to stockholders of record on December 9, 2008. The dividend represented the Company’s fourth quarter recurring pre-adjusted distribution of $0.33 per share ($0.305 per share on an adjusted basis) and an additional special distribution in the pre-adjusted amount of $0.96 per share ($0.89 per share on an adjusted basis) due to taxable income arising from our dispositions occurring during the year. Subject to the Company’s right to pay the entire Special Dividend in cash, stockholders had the option to make an election to receive payment in cash or in shares, however, the aggregate amount of cash payable to stockholders, other than cash payable in lieu of fractional shares, would not be less than $44.0 million.
The Special Dividend, totaling $177.1 million was paid on 137,266,557 pre-adjusted shares issued and outstanding on the record date. Approximately $133.1 million of the Special Dividend was paid through the issuance of 11,358,042 shares of common stock, which was determined based on the volume weighted average closing sales price of our common stock of $11.71 per share on the NYSE on January 21, 2009 and January 22, 2009. The effect of the issuance of additional shares of common stock pursuant to the Special Dividend was retroactively reflected in each of the historical periods presented within this Report as if those shares were issued and outstanding at the beginning of the earliest period presented. Accordingly, all activity including share issuances, repurchases and forfeitures have been adjusted to reflect the 8.27% increase in the number of shares, except where otherwise noted.

 

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Financing Activities
As part of our plan to strengthen our capital structure, we utilized proceeds from dispositions, debt and equity offerings and refinancings to extend maturities, pay down existing debt, and acquire apartment communities. The following is a summary of our major financing activities in 2008:
    Closed on a $240 million, two-year unsecured term loan facility of which $200 million was swapped into a fixed rate of 3.61% and $40 million has a rate of LIBOR plus 85 basis points. Proceeds were used to redeem $200 million of our 4.5% medium term notes due in March 2008 with the remaining $40 million used for general corporate purposes.
    Closed on a $400 million credit facility which matures November 2018. At December 31, 2008, we had $224.8 million outstanding on the facility — $70.0 million at a fixed interest rate of 5.85% and $154.8 million at a variable interest rate, fixed with two- and three-year LIBOR swaps at an average rate of 4.32%. The Company has five years to draw on the additional $175.2 million of capacity.
    Sold 8,661,201 shares of our common stock adjusted for the Special Dividend (8,000,000 shares of common stock on an unadjusted basis) in a public offering, resulting in gross proceeds to us of $194.0 million.
    Obtained five construction loans for a total of $179.3 million of which the Company has drawn $53.9 million for our development projects. The construction loans all have a two- to three-year initial term with extension provisions ranging from one to two years and incur interest at variable rates which range from LIBOR plus 140 basis points to LIBOR plus 225 basis points.
    Repaid $216.4 million of secured debt and $793.0 million of unsecured debt (represents the notional amount of debt repaid and excludes the gain on extinguishment). The $793.0 million of unsecured debt consisted of $309.5 million for the revolving credit facility, $275.8 million for maturing debt instruments and $207.7 million for the repurchase of unsecured debt instruments.
    Repurchased unsecured debt with a notional amount of $207.7 million for $176.2 million resulting in a gain on extinguishment of $26.3 million, net of the write-off of unamortized premium on convertible debt ($3.3 million) and deferred finance charges. The debt retired by the Company matured in 2011, 2014, 2015 and 2016.
    Repurchased 969,300 shares of our Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock for $20.3 million, less than their liquidation value of $24.2 million.
Markets and Competitive Conditions
Upon completion of our dispositions activity, approximately 56.6% of the Company’s same store net operating income was generated from apartment homes located in markets of California, Oregon, Washington and Metropolitan Washington D.C. We believe that this diversification increases investment opportunity and decreases the risk associated with cyclical local real estate markets and economies, thereby increasing the stability and predictability of our earnings.
Competition for new residents is generally intense across all of our markets. Some competing communities offer features that our communities do not have. Competing communities can use concessions or lower rents to obtain temporary competitive advantages. Also, some competing communities are larger or newer than our communities. The competitive position of each community is different depending upon many factors including sub-market supply and demand. In addition, other real estate investors compete with us to acquire existing properties and to develop new properties. These competitors include insurance companies, pension and investment funds, public and private real estate companies, investment companies and other public and private apartment REITs and our competitors may have greater resources, or lower capital costs, than we do.
We believe that, in general, we are well-positioned to compete effectively for residents and investments. We believe our competitive advantages include:
    a fully integrated organization with property management, development, redevelopment, acquisition, marketing, sales and financing expertise;
    scalable operating and support systems;
    purchasing power;
    geographic diversification with a presence in 23 markets across the country; and
    significant presence in many of our major markets that allows us to be a local operating expert.

 

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Moving forward, we will continue to emphasize aggressive lease management, improved expense control, increased resident retention efforts and the alignment of employee incentive plans tied to our bottom line performance. We believe this plan of operation, coupled with the portfolio’s strengths in targeting renters across a geographically diverse platform, should position us for continued operational improvement in spite of the difficult economic environment.
Communities
At December 31, 2008, our apartment portfolio included 161 wholly-owned communities having a total of 44,388 completed apartment homes and an additional 2,242 under development. The overall quality of our portfolio has significantly improved with the disposition of non-core apartment homes and our upgrade and rehabilitation programs. The upgrading of the portfolio provides several key benefits related to portfolio profitability. It enables us to raise rents more significantly and to attract residents with higher levels of disposable income who are more likely to accept the transfer of expenses, such as water and sewer costs, from the landlord to the resident. In addition, it potentially reduces recurring capital expenditures per apartment home, and therefore should result in increased cash flow.
Same Community Comparison
We believe that one pertinent qualitative measurement of the performance of our portfolio is tracking the results of our same store community’s net operating income (“NOI”), which is total rental revenue, less rental expenses excluding property management and other operating expenses. Our same store population are operating communities which we own and have stabilized occupancy, revenues and expenses as of the beginning of the prior year. For the year ended December 31, 2008, our same store NOI increased by $10.8 million or 3.8% compared to the prior year. The increase in NOI for the 32,124 apartment homes which make up the same store population was driven by an increase in revenues and physical occupancy at our communities.
Revenue growth in 2009 may be impacted by general adverse conditions affecting the economy, reduced occupancy rates, increased rental concessions, increased bad debt and other factors which may adversely impact our ability to increase rents.
Tax Matters
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. To continue to qualify as a REIT, we must continue to meet certain tests that, among other things, generally require that our assets consist primarily of real estate assets, our income be derived primarily from real estate assets, and that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (other than net capital gains) to our stockholders annually. Provided we maintain our qualification as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes at the corporate level on our net income to the extent such net income is distributed to our stockholders annually. Even if we continue to qualify as a REIT, we will continue to be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and property.
We may utilize taxable REIT subsidiaries to engage in activities that REITs may be prohibited from performing, including the provision of management and other services to third parties and the conduct of certain nonqualifying real estate transactions. Taxable REIT subsidiaries generally are taxable as regular corporations and therefore are subject to federal, state and local income taxes.
Inflation
Substantially all of our leases are for a term of one year or less, which may enable us to realize increased rents upon renewal of existing leases or the beginning of new leases. Such short-term leases generally minimize the risk to us of the adverse effects of inflation, although as a general rule these leases permit residents to leave at the end of the lease term without penalty. Short-term leases and relatively consistent demand allow rents to provide an attractive hedge against inflation.
Environmental Matters
Various environmental laws govern certain aspects of the ongoing operation of our communities. Such environmental laws include those regulating the existence of asbestos-containing materials in buildings, management of surfaces with lead-based paint (and notices to residents about the lead-based paint), use of active underground petroleum storage tanks, and waste-management activities. The failure to comply with such requirements could subject us to a government enforcement action and/or claims for damages by a private party.

 

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To date, compliance with federal, state and local environmental protection regulations has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. We have a property management plan for hazardous materials. As part of the plan, Phase I environmental site investigations and reports have been completed for each property we acquire. In addition, all proposed acquisitions are inspected prior to acquisition. The inspections are conducted by qualified environmental consultants, and we review the issued report prior to the purchase or development of any property. Nevertheless, it is possible that our environmental assessments will not reveal all environmental liabilities, or that some material environmental liabilities exist of which we are unaware. In some cases, we have abandoned otherwise economically attractive acquisitions because the costs of removal or control of hazardous materials have been prohibitive or we have been unwilling to accept the potential risks involved. We do not believe we will be required to engage in any large-scale abatement at any of our properties. We believe that through professional environmental inspections and testing for asbestos, lead paint and other hazardous materials, coupled with a relatively conservative posture toward accepting known environmental risk, we can minimize our exposure to potential liability associated with environmental hazards.
Federal legislation requires owners and landlords of residential housing constructed prior to 1978 to disclose to potential residents or purchasers of the communities any known lead paint hazards and imposes treble damages for failure to provide such notification. In addition, lead based paint in any of the communities may result in lead poisoning in children residing in that community if chips or particles of such lead based paint are ingested, and we may be held liable under state laws for any such injuries caused by ingestion of lead based paint by children living at the communities.
We are unaware of any environmental hazards at any of our properties that individually or in the aggregate may have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial position. We have not been notified by any governmental authority, and we are not otherwise aware, of any material non-compliance, liability, or claim relating to environmental liabilities in connection with any of our properties. We do not believe that the cost of continued compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations will have a material adverse effect on us or our financial condition or results of operations. Future environmental laws, regulations, or ordinances, however, may require additional remediation of existing conditions that are not currently actionable. Also, if more stringent requirements are imposed on us in the future, the costs of compliance could have a material adverse effect on us and our financial condition.
Insurance
We carry comprehensive general liability coverage on our communities, with limits of liability customary within the industry to insure against liability claims and related defense costs. We are also insured, in all material respects, against the risk of direct physical damage in amounts necessary to reimburse us on a replacement cost basis for costs incurred to repair or rebuild each property, including loss of rental income during the reconstruction period.
Executive Officers of the Company
The following table sets forth information about our executive officers as of February 15, 2009. The executive officers listed below serve in their respective capacities at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
             
Name   Age   Office   Since
 
Thomas W. Toomey
  48   Chief Executive Officer, President and Director   2001
Warren L. Troupe
  55   Senior Executive Vice President   2008
W. Mark Wallis
  58   Senior Executive Vice President   2001
Richard A Giannotti
  53   Executive Vice President — Redevelopment   1985
Matthew T. Akin
  41   Senior Vice President — Acquisitions & Dispositions   1994
Mark M. Culwell, Jr.
  57   Senior Vice President — Development   2006
Jerry A. Davis
  46   Senior Vice President — Property Operations   2007
David L. Messenger
  38   Senior Vice President — Chief Financial Officer   2002
Katie Miles-Ley
  47   Senior Vice President — Human Resources   2007
Thomas P. Simon
  48   Senior Vice President — Treasurer   2006
Dhrubo K. Sircar
  56   Senior Vice President, Chief Information Officer   2007
Thomas A. Spangler
  48   Senior Vice President — Business Development   1998
S. Douglas Walker
  53   Senior Vice President — Transactions   2006
Set forth below is certain biographical information about our executive officers.

 

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Mr. Toomey spearheads the vision and strategic direction of the Company and oversees its executive officers. He joined us in February 2001 as President, Chief Executive Officer and Director. Prior to joining us, Mr. Toomey was with Apartment Investment and Management Company (AIMCO), where he served as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer. During his tenure at AIMCO, Mr. Toomey was instrumental in the growth of AIMCO from 34,000 apartment homes to 360,000 apartment homes. He currently serves as a member of the boards of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) and the National Multi Housing Council (NMHC). He serves on the Board of Governors of the Urban Land Institute (ULI) and serves on the Real Estate Roundtable and is an Oregon State University Foundation Trustee.
Mr. Troupe oversees all financial, treasury, tax and legal functions of the Company. He joined us in March 2008 as Senior Executive Vice President. In May 2008, he was appointed the Company’s Corporate Compliance Officer and in October 2008 he was named the Company’s Corporate Secretary. Prior to joining us, Mr. Troupe was a partner with Morrison & Forester LLP from 1997 to 2008, where his practice focused on all aspects of corporate finance including, but not limited to, public and private equity offerings, traditional loan structures, debt placements to subordinated debt financings, workouts and recapitalizations. While at Morrison & Forester LLP he represented both public and private entities in connection with merger and acquisition transactions, including tender offers, hostile proxy contests and negotiated acquisitions.
Mr. Wallis oversees the areas of acquisitions, dispositions, asset quality and development. He joined us in April 2001 as Senior Executive Vice President responsible for acquisitions, dispositions, condominium conversions, legal and certain administrative matters. Prior to joining us, Mr. Wallis was the President of Golden Living Communities, a company he established in 1995 to develop senior housing. From 1980 to 1995, Mr. Wallis was Executive Vice President of Finance and Administration at Lincoln Property Company where he handled interim and permanent financing for office, retail, multi-family and mixed-use developments. His responsibilities also included the negotiation of acquisitions, dispositions, and management contracts, and he oversaw the direction of the national accounting and computer services divisions. He currently serves as a member of the Board for NMHC and serves on the Board of Trustees for Harding University.
Mr. Giannotti oversees redevelopment projects and acquisition efforts and development projects in the mid-Atlantic region. He joined us in September 1985 as Director of Development and Construction. He was appointed Assistant Vice President in 1988, Vice President in 1989, and Senior Vice President in 1996. In 1998, he was assigned the additional responsibilities of Director of Development for the Eastern Region. In 2003, Mr. Giannotti was promoted to Executive Vice President.
Mr. Akin oversees the Company’s acquisition and disposition efforts. He joined us in 1996 in connection with the merger with SouthWest Property Trust, where he had been a Financial Analyst since 1994.
Mr. Culwell oversees all aspects of in-house development, joint venture development and pre-sale opportunities. He joined us in June 2006 as Senior Vice President — Development. Prior to joining us, Mr. Culwell served as Regional Vice President of Development for Gables Residential, where he established a $300 million pipeline of new development and redevelopment opportunities. Before joining Gables Residential, Mr. Culwell had over 30 years of real estate experience, including working for Elsinore Group, LLC, Lexford Residential Trust, Cornerstone Housing Corporation and Trammell Crow Residential Company, where his development and construction responsibilities included site selection and acquisition, construction oversight, asset management, as well as obtaining financing for acquisitions and rehabilitations.
Mr. Davis oversees property operations. He originally joined us in March 1989 as Controller and subsequently moved into Operations as an Area Director and in 2001, he accepted the position of Chief Operating Officer of JH Management Co., a California-based apartment company. He returned to the Company in March 2002 and in 2008, Mr. Davis was promoted to Senior Vice President — Property Operations. He began his career in 1984 as a Staff Accountant for Arthur Young & Co.
Mr. Messenger oversees the areas of accounting, risk management, financial planning and analysis, property tax administration and SEC reporting. He joined us in August 2002 as Vice President and Controller. In March 2006, Mr. Messenger was appointed Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer and in January 2007, while retaining the Chief Accounting Officer title, he was promoted to Senior Vice President. In June 2008 he was named Chief Financial Officer.
Ms. Miles-Ley oversees employee relations, organizational development, succession planning, staffing and recruitment, compensation, training and development, benefits administration, HRIS and payroll. She joined us in June 2007 as Senior Vice President — Human Resources. Prior to joining us, Ms. Miles-Ley was with Starz Entertainment Group LLC from 2001 to 2007 where she served as Vice President, Human Resources & Organizational Development. Ms. Miles-Ley had over twenty years of experience with both domestic and international work forces.

 

9


 

Mr. Simon oversees debt origination and treasury management. He joined us in October 2006 as Vice President and Treasurer and was promoted to Senior Vice President and Treasurer in June 2008. Prior to joining us, Mr. Simon was with Prentiss Properties Trust (Prentiss) where he most recently served as Senior Vice President and Treasurer. Mr. Simon began his career at Fox & Company, now Grant Thornton, as a tax accountant.
Mr. Sircar oversees all aspects of the Company’s Technology Management. He joined us in July 2007 as Senior Vice President, Chief Information Officer. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Sircar was with Wachovia Corporation from 1995 to 2007, and when he left he was Senior Vice President, Division Information Officer of Finance Technology.
Mr. Spangler oversees utilities management, procurement and non-rental revenue programs. He joined us in August 1998 as Assistant Vice President, Operational Planning and Asset Management, and was promoted to Vice President, Director of Operational Planning and Asset Management that same year. He was promoted to Senior Vice President — Business Development in February 2003. Prior to joining us, Mr. Spangler served for nine years as an Asset Manager for Summit Enterprises, Inc. of Virginia, a private investment management firm.
Mr. Walker oversees the Company’s Asset Quality, Kitchen & Bath and “Green Building” programs in addition to all non-residential owned and leased real estate. He joined us in May 2006 as Senior Vice President — Transactions. He has authored “Green Building” articles for industry publications and has been recognized by the EPA and the Department of Energy for his contributions to the commercial real estate industry. Prior to joining us, Mr. Walker served as a consultant to the multi-family industry.
Available Information
We file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. You may obtain a free copy of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports on the day of filing with the SEC on our website at www.udr.com, or by sending an e-mail message to ir@udr.com.
NYSE Certification
On June 11, 2008, our Chief Executive Officer submitted to the New York Stock Exchange the annual certification required by Section 303A.12(a) of the NYSE Listed Company Manual regarding our compliance with NYSE corporate governance listing standards. In addition, the certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are filed as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2, respectively, to this Report.

 

10


 

Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial and other information as of and for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2008. The table should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, and Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, included elsewhere in this Report. All historical share and per share data has been adjusted to reflect the impact of shares issued in connection with the Special Dividend. Certain information in this table has been adjusted retrospectively based upon the impact of recently issued accounting pronouncements as discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
                                         
    Years Ended December 31,  
    (In thousands, except per share data  
    and apartment homes owned)  
    2008     2007     2006     2005     2004  
OPERATING DATA:
                                       
 
                                       
Rental income
  $ 563,408     $ 501,618     $ 467,511     $ 410,120     $ 309,382  
(Loss)/income from continuing operations
    (63,742 )     44,660       (77,772 )     (54,068 )     (47,561 )
Income from discontinued operations
    807,610       182,070       210,117       205,250       140,245  
Consolidated net income
    743,868       226,730       132,345       155,166       97,152  
Distributions to preferred stockholders
    12,138       13,910       15,370       15,370       19,531  
Net income available to common stockholders
    688,709       198,958       109,738       139,796       71,892  
Common distributions declared
    175,271       177,540       168,408       163,690       152,203  
Special Dividend declared
    177,074                          
 
                                       
Earnings per share — basic and diluted:
                                       
(Loss)/income from continuing operations available to stockholders
  $ (0.84 )   $ 0.12     $ (0.69 )   $ (0.44 )   $ (0.49 )
 
                                       
Income from discontinued operations (a)
    5.73       1.25       1.45       1.39       1.01  
Net income available to common stockholders
    4.89       1.37       0.76       0.95       0.52  
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding-basic and diluted
    140,982       145,092       144,785       147,395       138,684  
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, OP Units and common stock equivalents outstanding-diluted
    154,715       159,365       160,212       162,550       157,896  
 
                                       
Common distributions declared
  $ 2.11     $ 1.22     $ 1.15     $ 1.11     $ 1.08  
 
                                       
Balance Sheet Data:
                                       
Real estate owned, at cost
  $ 5,831,753     $ 5,956,481     $ 5,820,122     $ 5,512,424     $ 5,243,296  
Accumulated depreciation
  $ 1,078,689     $ 1,371,759     $ 1,253,727     $ 1,123,829     $ 1,007,887  
Total real estate owned, net of accumulated depreciation
  $ 4,753,064     $ 4,584,722     $ 4,566,395     $ 4,388,595     $ 4,235,409  
Total assets
  $ 5,143,805     $ 4,800,454     $ 4,675,875     $ 4,541,593     $ 4,332,001  
Secured debt
  $ 1,462,471     $ 1,137,936     $ 1,182,919     $ 1,116,259     $ 1,197,924  
Unsecured debt
  $ 1,798,662     $ 2,341,895     $ 2,155,866     $ 2,043,518     $ 1,682,058  
Total debt
  $ 3,261,133     $ 3,479,831     $ 3,338,785     $ 3,159,777     $ 2,879,982  
Stockholders’ equity
  $ 1,549,034     $ 941,204     $ 1,055,255     $ 1,107,724     $ 1,195,451  
Number of common shares outstanding
    148,781       144,336       146,189       145,088       147,706  

 

11


 

                                         
    Years Ended December 31,  
    (In thousands, except per share data  
    and apartment homes owned)  
    2008     2007     2006     2005     2004  
Other Data:
                                       
Total apartments owned (at end of period)
    44,388       65,867       70,339       74,875       78,855  
Weighted average number of apartment homes owned during the year
    46,149       69,662       73,731       76,069       76,873  
 
                                       
Cash Flow Data
                                       
Cash provided by operating activities
  $ 179,754       269,281       237,881       248,186       251,747  
Cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
  $ 302,304       (90,100 )     (158,241 )     (219,017 )     (595,966 )
Cash (used in)/provided by financing activities
  $ (472,537 )     (178,105 )     (93,040 )     (21,530 )     347,299  
 
                                       
Funds from Operations (b)
                                       
Funds from operations — basic
  $ 201,158     $ 240,983     $ 240,851     $ 238,254     $ 211,670  
Funds from operations — diluted
  $ 204,882     $ 244,707     $ 244,577     $ 241,980     $ 219,557  
     
(a)   Reclassified to conform to current year presentation in accordance with FASB Statement No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” as described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
(b)   Funds from operations, or FFO, is defined as net income (computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of depreciable property, premiums or original issuance costs associated with preferred stock redemptions, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. This definition conforms with the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trust’s definition issued in April 2002. We consider FFO in evaluating property acquisitions and our operating performance and believe that FFO should be considered along with, but not as an alternative to, net income and cash flows as a measure of our activities in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs.
 
    RE3 is our subsidiary that focuses on development, land entitlement and short-term hold investments. RE3 tax benefits and gain on sales, net of taxes, is defined as net sales proceeds less a tax provision and the gross investment basis of the asset before accumulated depreciation. We consider FFO with RE3 tax benefits and gain on sales, net of taxes, to be a meaningful supplemental measure of performance because the short-term use of funds produce a profit that differs from the traditional long-term investment in real estate for REITs.
 
    For 2008, FFO includes a gain of $26.3 million due to the extinguishment of unsecured debt and $1.6 million of net hurricane related recoveries, partially offset by a charge of $1.7 million incurred for exiting the condominium business, $1.7 million for cancelling a pre-sale contract, $4.7 million related to penalties and the write off of the associated deferred financing costs for debt refinancing and $0.7 million for severance.
 
    For 2005, FFO includes $2.5 million of hurricane related insurance recoveries. For 2004, FFO includes a charge of $5.5 million to cover hurricane related expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2004, distributions to preferred stockholders exclude $2.6 million and $5.7 million, respectively, related to premiums on preferred stock repurchases.

 

12


 

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning property acquisitions and dispositions, development activity and capital expenditures, capital raising activities, rent growth, occupancy, and rental expense growth. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the results of operations or plans expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among other things, unanticipated adverse business developments affecting us, or our properties, adverse changes in the real estate markets and general and local economies and business conditions. Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate, and therefore such statements included in this Report may not prove to be accurate. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the results or conditions described in such statements or our objectives and plans will be achieved.
Business Overview
We are a real estate investment trust, or REIT, that owns, acquires, renovates, develops, and manages apartment communities nationwide. We were formed in 1972 as a Virginia corporation. In June 2003, we changed our state of incorporation from Virginia to Maryland. Our subsidiaries include two operating partnerships, Heritage Communities L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, and United Dominion Realty, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Report to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” or “UDR” refer collectively to UDR, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
At December 31, 2008, our wholly-owned real estate portfolio included 161 communities with 44,388 apartment homes and our total real estate portfolio, inclusive of our unconsolidated communities, included an additional 11 communities with 4,158 apartment homes.

 

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The following table summarizes our market information by major geographic markets as of December 31, 2008.
                                                         
                    Percentage     Total                    
    Number of     Number of     of Total     Carrying     Average     Total Income     Net Operating  
    Apartment     Apartment     Carrying     Value     Physical     per Occupied     Income  
    Communities     Homes     Value     (In thousands)     Occupancy     Home (a)     (In thousands)  
SAME STORE COMMUNITIES
                                                       
 
                                                       
WESTERN REGION
                                                       
Orange County, CA
    13       4,067       12.2 %   $ 706,764       95.0 %   $ 1,588     $ 52,925  
San Francisco, CA
    8       1,768       5.3 %     309,563       96.1 %     1,838       27,017  
Los Angeles, CA
    5       1,052       3.2 %     185,070       95.2 %     1,538       12,699  
Seattle, WA
    7       1,199       2.1 %     118,452       95.3 %     1,130       11,278  
San Diego, CA
    5       1,123       2.9 %     171,177       95.0 %     1,389       12,302  
Monterey Peninsula, CA
    7       1,565       2.6 %     149,033       95.3 %     1,069       13,275  
Inland Empire, CA
    2       660       1.4 %     80,309       92.6 %     1,159       5,627  
Sacramento, CA
    2       914       1.1 %     66,746       91.5 %     926       6,324  
Portland, OR
    3       716       1.1 %     66,316       94.3 %     987       5,526  
 
                                                       
MID-ATLANTIC REGION
                                                       
Metropolitan DC
    7       1,879       3.2 %     188,271       96.5 %     1,324       19,009  
Baltimore, MD
    8       1,556       2.6 %     151,818       96.6 %     1,176       14,865  
Richmond, VA
    6       1,958       2.6 %     153,747       95.7 %     1,008       16,202  
Norfolk, VA
    6       1,438       1.4 %     81,493       94.4 %     963       10,578  
Other Mid-Atlantic
    5       1,132       1.3 %     75,073       94.5 %     1,030       9,410  
 
                                                       
SOUTHEASTERN REGION
                                                       
Tampa, FL
    9       3,081       3.9 %     226,859       94.2 %     953       20,857  
Orlando, FL
    8       2,140       2.6 %     154,385       92.1 %     970       14,331  
Nashville, TN
    7       1,874       2.4 %     139,667       95.6 %     883       12,439  
Jacksonville, FL
    4       1,557       2.0 %     117,401       94.4 %     865       9,361  
Other Florida
    3       976       1.6 %     94,281       93.6 %     1,069       7,322  
 
                                                       
SOUTHWESTERN REGION
                                                       
Phoenix, AZ
    3       914       1.2 %     69,781       94.2 %     952       6,809  
Austin, TX
    1       250       0.3 %     20,279       96.9 %     966       1,713  
Dallas, TX
    1       305       1.1 %     61,469       94.2 %     1,636       3,471  
 
                                         
 
Total/Average Same Store Communities
    120       32,124       58.1 %   $ 3,387,954       94.8 %   $ 1,176     $ 293,340  
 
                                         
 
                                                       
Non-Matures, Commercial Properties and Other
    39       12,099       38.7 %   $ 2,256,976                          
 
                                               
 
                                                       
Total Real Estate Held for Investment
    159       44,223       96.8 %   $ 5,644,930                          
 
                                               
 
                                                       
Real Estate Under Development (b)
    2       165       3.2 %   $ 186,823                          
 
                                               
 
                                                       
Total
    161       44,388       100.0 %   $ 5,831,753                          
 
                                               
     
(a)   Total Income per Occupied Home represents total revenues per weighted average number of apartment homes occupied.
 
(b)   The Company is currently developing seven wholly-owned communities with 2,242 apartment homes that have not yet been completed.

 

14


 

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is the ability to meet present and future financial obligations either through operating cash flows, the sale or maturity of existing assets, or by the acquisition of additional funds through capital management. Both the coordination of asset and liability maturities and effective capital management are important to the maintenance of liquidity. Our primary source of liquidity is our cash flow from operations as determined by rental rates, occupancy levels, and operating expenses related to our portfolio of apartment homes. We routinely use our unsecured bank credit facility to temporarily fund certain operating, investing, financing and other activities prior to arranging for longer-term financing. During the past several years, proceeds from the sale of real estate have been used for debt repayment, investing and financing activities.
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations and borrowings under credit arrangements. We expect to meet certain long-term liquidity requirements such as scheduled debt maturities, the repayment of financing on development properties, and potential property acquisitions, through long-term secured and unsecured borrowings, the disposition of properties, and the issuance of additional debt or equity securities. Dividends and budgeted expenditures for improvements and renovations of certain properties are expected to be funded from cash provided by our unsecured revolving credit facility, other debt and equity issuances and cash flows provided by property operations.
We have a shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission which provides for the issuance of an indeterminate amount of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, guarantees of debt securities, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts and units to facilitate future financing activities in the public capital markets. Access to capital markets is dependent on market conditions at the time of the financing activity.
Future Capital Needs
Future development expenditures are expected to be funded with proceeds from construction loans, the sale of property, our unsecured revolving credit facility, and to a lesser extent, with cash flows provided by operating activities. Acquisition activity in strategic markets is expected to be largely financed through the reinvestment of proceeds from the sale of properties, the issuance of equity and debt securities, the issuance of operating partnership units, the assumption or placement of secured and/or unsecured debt.
During 2009, we have approximately $146.1 million of secured debt and $250.1 million of unsecured debt maturing and we anticipate repaying that debt with proceeds from borrowings under our secured or unsecured credit facilities, proceeds from our note receivable, the issuance of new unsecured debt securities or equity or from disposition proceeds. We also anticipate using contractually provided extensions for secured debt.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. A critical accounting policy is one that is both important to our financial condition and results of operations as well as involves some degree of uncertainty. Estimates are prepared based on management’s assessment after considering all evidence available. Changes in estimates could affect our financial position or results of operations. Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that we consider critical to understanding our financial condition or results of operations where there is uncertainty or requires significant judgment.
Capital Expenditures
In conformity with GAAP, we capitalize those expenditures related to acquiring new assets, materially enhancing the value of an existing asset, or substantially extending the useful life of an existing asset. Expenditures necessary to maintain an existing property in ordinary operating condition are expensed as incurred.
During 2008, $131.0 million or $2,838 per home was spent on capital expenditures for all of our communities, excluding development, condominium conversions and commercial properties compared to $194.4 million or $2,829 per home spent in 2007. These capital improvements included turnover related expenditures for floor coverings and appliances, other recurring capital expenditures such as roofs, siding, parking lots, and asset preservation capital expenditures, which aggregated $29.1 million or $630 per home. In addition, revenue enhancing capital expenditures, kitchen and bath upgrades, upgrades to HVAC equipment, and other extensive exterior/interior upgrades totaled $50.1 million or $1,085 per home, and major renovations totaled $51.8 million or $1,123 per home for the year ended December 31, 2008.

 

15


 

The following table outlines capital expenditures and repair and maintenance costs for all of our communities, excluding real estate under development, condominium conversions and commercial properties, for the periods presented:
                                                 
    Year ended December 31,  
    (dollars in thousands, except for per apartment homes)  
                            Per Apartment Home  
    2008     2007     % Change     2008     2007     % Change  
 
                                               
Turnover capital expenditures
  $ 9,342     $ 13,362       -30.1 %   $ 202     $ 194       4.1 %
Asset preservation expenditures
    19,737       31,071       -36.5 %     428       452       -5.3 %
 
                                   
Total recurring capital expenditures
    29,079       44,433       -34.6 %     630       646       -2.5 %
 
                                               
Revenue enhancing improvements
    50,059       78,209       -36.0 %     1,085       1,138       -4.7 %
Major renovations
    51,823       71,785       -27.8 %     1,123       1,045       7.5 %
 
                                   
Total capital expenditures
  $ 130,961     $ 194,427       -32.6 %   $ 2,838     $ 2,829       0.3 %
 
                                   
 
                                               
Repair and maintenance expense
  $ 32,679     $ 42,518       -23.1 %   $ 708     $ 619       14.4 %
 
                                   
 
                                               
Average Stabilized Home Count
    46,149       68,723                                  
We will continue to selectively add revenue enhancing improvements which we believe will provide a return on investment substantially in excess of our cost of capital. Recurring capital expenditures during 2009 are currently expected to be approximately $675 per home.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We record impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the future operation and disposition of those assets are less than the net book value of those assets. Our cash flow estimates are based upon historical results adjusted to reflect our best estimate of future market and operating conditions and our estimated holding periods. The net book value of impaired assets is reduced to fair market value. Our estimates of fair market value represent our best estimate based upon industry trends and reference to market rates and transactions.
Real Estate Investment Properties
We purchase real estate investment properties from time to time and allocate the purchase price to various components, such as land, buildings, and intangibles related to in-place leases in accordance with FASB Statement No. 141, “Business Combinations.” The purchase price is allocated based on the relative fair value of each component. The fair value of buildings is determined as if the buildings were vacant upon acquisition and subsequently leased at market rental rates. As such, the determination of fair value considers the present value of all cash flows expected to be generated from the property including an initial lease-up period. We determine the fair value of in-place leases by assessing the net effective rent and remaining term of the lease relative to market terms for similar leases at acquisition. In addition, we consider the cost of acquiring similar leases, the foregone rents associated with the lease-up period, and the carrying costs associated with the lease-up period. The fair value of in-place leases is recorded and amortized as amortization expense over the remaining contractual lease period.
REIT Status
We are a Maryland corporation that has elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a REIT. A REIT is a legal entity that holds interests in real estate and is required by the Code to meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that a REIT must distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (other than our net capital gain) to our stockholders. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal and state income taxes at the regular corporate rates and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for four years. Based on the net earnings reported for the year ended December 31, 2008 in our Consolidated Statements of Operations we would have incurred $284.8 million in federal and state GAAP income taxes if we had failed to qualify as a REIT.

 

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Statements of Cash Flow
The following discussion explains the changes in net cash provided by operating activities and net cash provided by/(used in) investing and financing activities that are presented in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Operating Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2008, our net cash flow provided by operating activities was $179.8 million compared to $269.3 million for 2007. During 2008, the decrease in cash flow from operating activities resulted primarily from a reduction in property operating income from our apartment community portfolio. The reduction was driven by the Company completing the sale of a significant component of our portfolio in the first quarter of 2008. A portion of the proceeds from the disposition were reinvested in subsequent quarters which diluted the net cash provided by operations for the period in which the Company held restricted 1031 cash funds in lieu of revenue generating operating communities.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, our net cash flow provided by operating activities was $269.3 million compared to $237.9 million for 2006. During 2007, the increase in cash flow from operating activities resulted primarily from the increase in property operating income from the Company’s portfolio performing well on a same community basis for revenues and NOI.
Investing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2008, net cash provided by investing activities was $302.3 million compared to net cash used of $90.1 million for 2007. Changes in the level of investing activities from period to period reflects our strategy as it relates to acquisitions, capital expenditures, development and disposition activities, as well as the impact of the capital market environment on these activities, all of which are discussed in further detail throughout this Report.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, net cash used in investing activities was $90.1 million compared to $158.2 million for 2006. Changes in the level of investing activities from period to period reflects our strategy as it relates to our acquisition, capital expenditure, development, and disposition programs, as well as the impact of the capital market environment on these activities.
Acquisitions
For the year ended December 31, 2008, we acquired 13 apartment communities with 4,558 apartment homes, two parcels of land, and one retail property for aggregate consideration of $1.0 billion. Our long-term strategic plan is to achieve greater operating efficiencies by investing in fewer, more concentrated markets. As a result, we have been expanding our interests in communities located in California, Florida, Metropolitan Washington D.C. and the Washington markets over the past years. Prospectively, we plan to continue to channel new investments into those markets we believe will provide the best investment returns. Markets will be targeted based upon defined criteria including favorable job formation and low housing affordability.

 

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The following wholly-owned communities were acquired during the year ended December 31, 2008 (dollars in thousands):
                         
                    Purchase  
Property Name   Market   Acquisition Date   Units     Price (a)  
 
                       
The Place at Millenia
  Orlando, FL   January 2008     371     $ 50,132  
Dulaney Crescent
  Baltimore, MD   March 2008     264       57,690  
Delancey at Shirlington Village
  Metro D.C.   March 2008     241       85,000  
Edgewater
  San Francisco, CA   March 2008     193       115,000  
Circle Towers
  Metro D.C.   March 2008     606       138,378 (b)
Legacy Village
  Dallas, TX   March 2008     1,043       118,500  
Pine Brook Village II
  Orange County, CA   May 2008     296       87,320  
Hearthstone at Merrill Creek
  Seattle, WA   May 2008     220       38,000  
Island Square
  Seattle, WA   July 2008     235       112,202  
Almaden Lake Village
  San Francisco, CA   July 2008     250       47,270  
Residences at the Domain
  Austin, TX   August 2008     390       59,500  
Waterford
  Phoenix, AZ   August 2008     200       23,666  
Vintage Lofts
  Tampa, FL   August 2008     249       43,672 (c)
 
                   
 
                       
 
            4,558     $ 976,330  
 
                   
     
(a)   The purchase price is the contractual amount paid by UDR to the seller and does not include any costs that the Company incurred as a result of the acquisition of the property.
 
(b)   The purchase price does not include the $5.9 million allocated to the commercial space acquired in the transaction.
 
(c)   This community was acquired by the Company while under development and is projected to be completed in the first quarter of 2009.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, we acquired 13 apartment communities with 2,671 apartment homes, six parcels of land, and an interest in an operating joint venture for an aggregate consideration of $486.5 million. In 2006, we acquired eight apartment communities with 2,763 apartment homes for an aggregate consideration of $327.5 million and two parcels of land for $19.9 million.
Real Estate Under Development
At December 31, 2008, our development pipeline for wholly-owned communities totaled 2,407 homes with a budget of $375.9 million in which we have a carrying value of $186.8 million. We expect to have the first of the communities complete development during 2009. In addition, we own several parcels of land held for future development in which the Company is seeking entitlements and preparing for development, although we do not anticipate development to commence during 2009.
For the year ended December 31, 2008, we invested approximately $160.1 million in development projects, an increase of $58.6 million from our 2007 level of $101.5 million. As a result of our investment in developments, we completed development on two wholly-owned communities with 644 apartment homes that have a carrying value of $44.4 million and acquired three pre-sale communities with 820 apartment homes that have a carrying value of $126.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2008.
Consolidated Development Joint Venture
In 2006, we entered into a joint venture to develop an apartment community with 298 apartment homes in Marina del Rey, California. Our initial investment was $27.5 million. Our joint venture partner was the managing partner as well as the developer, general contractor and property manager. In December 2008, we acquired for $1.5 million our joint venture partner’s interest in their profit participation and terminated the property management agreement that had approximately two years remaining on the pre-existing contract. As a result of terminating our arrangement, the Company recorded a charge to earnings of $305,000 as the profit component related to the management agreement and capitalized the balance as part of the investment in real estate, which will be depreciated over the average remaining life of the tangible asset. As of December 31, 2008, this property is included as a component of our wholly-owned communities.

 

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Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
UDR is a partner in a joint venture to develop a site in Bellevue, Washington. At closing, we owned 49% of the project that involves building a 430 home high rise apartment building with ground floor retail. The project is currently ongoing and will commence construction once market conditions improve and favorable financing has been obtained. Our investment at December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $10.2 million and $8.1 million, respectively.
UDR is a partner in a joint venture which will develop 274 apartment homes in the central business district of Bellevue, Washington. Construction began in the fourth quarter of 2006 and is scheduled for completion in the third quarter of 2009. At closing, we owned 49% of the project. Our investment at December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $9.9 million and $8.9 million, respectively.
In January 2007, we entered into a joint venture which owns and operates a recently completed 23-story, 166 apartment home high rise community in the central business district of Bellevue, Washington. At closing, UDR owned 49% of the project. Our investment at December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $10.4 million and $11.2 million, respectively.
In November 2007, UDR and an institutional unaffiliated partner formed a joint venture which owns and operates various apartment communities located in Texas. On the closing date, UDR sold nine operating properties, consisting of 3,690 units, and contributed one property under development to the joint venture. The property under development has 302 units and was completed in the third quarter of 2008 and commenced lease up at that time. UDR contributed cash and property equal to 20% of the fair value of the properties. The unaffiliated partner contributed cash equal to 80% of the fair value of the properties comprising the venture, which was then used to purchase the nine operating properties from UDR. Our investment at December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $16.5 million and $20.1 million, respectively. In addition, during 2008 we received payment in full of a note receivable of $18.8 million from the joint venture.
Disposition of Investments
During the year ended December 31, 2008, UDR sold 86 communities with a total of 25,684 apartment homes, for gross consideration of $1.7 billion, 53 condominiums from two communities with a total of 640 condominiums for gross consideration of $6.9 million, one parcel of land for gross proceeds of $1.6 million and one commercial property for gross proceeds of $6.5 million. We recognized after-tax gains for financial reporting purposes of $786.4 million on these sales. Proceeds from the sales were used primarily to acquire new communities and reduce debt. During 2008, we decided to discontinue sales of units with the two communities identified for condominium conversion until such time that the market conditions turn favorable and it is economically beneficial to sell those units versus operate the residual 525 units of those communities. As a result of our decision to revert the remaining units to operations the Company recorded a charge to earnings of $1.7 million, excluding the catch up for depreciation on the units when they were returned to operations.
As a result of our disposition activities in 2008, the Company declared a Special Dividend payable to holders of our common stock for $0.96 per share included with our recurring distribution for the Company’s fourth quarter of 2008 for a total of $1.29 per share ($1.19 per share in the aggregate adjusted for the Special Dividend) payable on January 29, 2009 to stockholders of record on December 9, 2008. Additional information regarding the Special Dividend is set forth in Item 1. Business in Part 1 of this Report.
In conjunction with the transaction in which we sold 86 communities for $1.7 billion, we received a note in the amount of $200.0 million. The note, which is secured by a pledge, security agreement and a guarantee from the buyer’s parent entity, bears interest at the rate of 7.5% per annum and matures on March 31, 2014, provided however that the master credit facility agreement pursuant to which the buyer financed the acquisition of the properties provides that the buyer will pay or prepay the note on or before the date that is fourteen (14) months after the Initial Closing Date (May 3, 2009) and further that it is an event of default under the master credit facility agreement if the note is not paid in full by June 1, 2009.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, UDR sold 21 communities with a total of 7,125 apartment homes for gross consideration of $729.2 million, one parcel of land for $4.5 million, and contributed one property under development, at cost, to a joint venture arrangement in Texas. In addition, we sold 61 condominiums from two communities with a total of 640 condominiums for gross consideration of $10.4 million. We recognized after-tax gains for financial reporting purposes of $239.1 million on these sales. Proceeds from the sales were used primarily to reduce debt.

 

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Financing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2008, our net cash used in financing activities was $472.5 million compared to $178.1 million for the comparable period of 2007.
The following significant financing activity occurred during the year ended December 31, 2008:
    Closed on a $240.0 million, two-year unsecured term loan facility of which $200 million was swapped into a fixed rate of 3.61% and $40.0 million has a rate of LIBOR plus 85 basis points. Proceeds were used to redeem $200.0 million of our 4.5% medium term notes due in March 2008 with the remaining $40.0 million used for general corporate purposes.
 
    Closed on a $400 million credit facility which matures November 2018. At December 31, 2008, we had $224.8 million outstanding on the facility — $70.0 million at a fixed interest rate of 5.85% and $154.8 million at a variable interest rate, fixed with two- and three-year LIBOR swaps at an average rate of 4.32%. The Company has five years to draw on the additional $175.2 million of capacity. This facility replaced a debt instrument with an outstanding balance of $138.9 million that matured on April 1, 2010 that had a stated rate of 6.09%. As a result of this refinancing the Company incurred a charge to earnings of $4.7 million related to the write off of deferred financing charges and prepayment penalties associated with the retired debt instrument. Some of the incremental proceeds from this note were used to purchase unsecured long term debt at a discount to par.
 
    Sold 8,661,201 shares of our common stock adjusted for the Special Dividend (8,000,000 shares of common stock on an unadjusted basis) in a public offering resulting in gross proceeds of $194.0 million.
 
    Obtained five construction loans for a total of $179.3 million of which the Company has drawn $53.9 million for our development projects. The construction loans all have a three-year initial terms with an extension provision(s) and incur interest at a variable rates which range from LIBOR plus 140 basis points to LIBOR plus 225 basis points.
 
    Repaid $216.4 million of secured debt and $793.0 million of unsecured debt (represents the notional amount of debt repaid and excludes the gain on extinguishment). The $793.0 million of unsecured debt consisted of $309.5 million for the revolving credit facility, $275.8 million for maturing debt and $207.7 million for the repurchase of unsecured debt.
 
    Repurchased unsecured debt with a notional amount of $207.7 million for $176.2 million resulting in a gain on extinguishment of $26.3 million, net of the write-off of unamortized premium on convertible debt ($3.3 million) and deferred finance charges. The unsecured debt repurchased by the Company matured in 2011, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. As a result of these repurchases, the gain is presented as a reduction to interest expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
 
    Repurchased 969,300 shares of our Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock for $20.3 million, less than their liquidation value of $24.2 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, our net cash used in financing activities was $178.1 million compared to $93.0 million for the comparable period of 2006. The increase in financing activities was due to the Company repaying additional secured debt, the redemption of our Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, repurchase of common stock in the marketplace which was offset by the issuance of issuance of debt and equity securities and drawing down on our unsecured credit facility.
Credit Facilities
As of December 31, 2008, we have secured revolving credit facilities with Fannie Mae with an aggregate commitment of $1.0 billion with $831.2 million outstanding. The Fannie Mae credit facilities are for an initial term of 10 years, bear interest at floating and fixed rates, and certain variable rate facilities can be extended for an additional five years at our option. We have $666.6 million of the funded balance fixed at a weighted average interest rate of 5.5% and the remaining balance on these facilities is currently at a weighted average variable rate of 3.1%.
As of December 31, 2007, we had secured revolving credit facilities with Fannie Mae with an aggregate commitment of $748.9 million with $663.9 million outstanding. The Fannie Mae credit facilities are for an initial term of ten years, bear interest at floating and fixed rates, and certain variable rate facilities can be extended for an additional five years at our option. We had $583.1 million of the funded balance fixed at a weighted average interest rate of 5.9% and the remaining balance on these facilities was at a weighted average variable rate of 5.1%.

 

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On July 27, 2007, we amended and restated our existing three-year $500 million unsecured revolving credit facility with a maturity date of May 31, 2008, (which could be extended for an additional year at our option) to increase the facility to $600 million and to extend its maturity to July 26, 2012. Under certain circumstances, we may increase the new $600 million credit facility to $750 million. Based on our current credit ratings, the $600 million credit facility carries an interest rate equal to LIBOR plus a spread of 47.5 basis points, which represents a 10 basis point reduction to the previous $500 million revolving credit facility. Under a competitive bid feature and for so long as we maintain an investment grade rating, we have the right under the new $600 million credit facility to bid out 50% of the commitment amount and we can bid out 100% of the commitment amount once per quarter. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, there was $0 and $309.5 million, respectively, outstanding on the unsecured revolving credit facility.
The Fannie Mae credit facility and the bank revolving credit facility are subject to customary financial covenants and limitations.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk associated with variable rate notes payable and maturing debt that has to be refinanced. We do not hold financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes, but rather issue these financial instruments to finance our portfolio of real estate assets. Interest rate sensitivity is the relationship between changes in market interest rates and the fair value of market rate sensitive assets and liabilities. Our earnings are affected as changes in short-term interest rates impact our cost of variable rate debt and maturing fixed rate debt. We had $345.7 million in variable rate debt that is not subject to interest rate swap contracts as of December 31, 2008. If market interest rates for variable rate debt increased by 100 basis point, our interest expense would increase by $3.8 million based on the average balance outstanding during the year.
These amounts are determined by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our borrowing cost. These analyses do not consider the effects of the adjusted level of overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment. Further, in the event of a change of such magnitude, management would likely take actions to further mitigate our exposure to the change. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, the sensitivity analysis assumes no change in our financial structure.
Funds from Operations
Funds from operations, or FFO, is defined as net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of depreciable property, plus real estate depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. We compute FFO for all periods presented in accordance with the recommendations set forth by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trust’s (“NAREIT”) April 1, 2002 White Paper. We consider FFO in evaluating property acquisitions and our operating performance, and believe that FFO should be considered along with, but not as an alternative to, net income and cash flow as a measure of our activities in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs.
Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. Thus, NAREIT created FFO as a supplemental measure of REIT operating performance and defines FFO as net income (computed in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of depreciable property, premiums or original issuance costs associated with preferred stock redemptions, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. The use of FFO, combined with the required presentations, has been fundamentally beneficial, improving the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and making comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. We generally consider FFO to be a useful measure for reviewing our comparative operating and financial performance (although FFO should be reviewed in conjunction with net income which remains the primary measure of performance) because by excluding gains or losses related to sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets and excluding real estate asset depreciation and amortization, FFO can help one compare the operating performance of a Company’s real estate between periods or as compared to different companies. We believe that FFO is the best measure of economic profitability for real estate investment trusts.

 

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The following table outlines our FFO calculation and reconciliation to GAAP for the three years ended December 31, 2008 adjusted for the Special Dividend (dollars in thousands):
                         
    For the year ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Net income attributable to UDR, Inc.
  $ 697,791     $ 215,129     $ 125,108  
Adjustments:
                       
Distributions to preferred stockholders
    (12,138 )     (13,910 )     (15,370 )
Real estate depreciation and amortization, including discontinued operations
    251,984       257,450       243,889  
Non-controlling interest
    46,077       11,601       7,237  
Real estate depreciation and amortization on unconsolidated joint ventures
    4,502       1,980        
Net gains on the sale of depreciable property to a joint venture
          (113,799 )      
Net gains on the sale of depreciable property in discontinued operations, excluding RE3
    (787,058 )     (117,468 )     (120,013 )
 
                 
 
                       
Funds from operations — basic
  $ 201,158     $ 240,983     $ 240,851  
 
                 
 
                       
Distributions to preferred stockholders — Series E (Convertible)
    3,724       3,724       3,726  
 
                 
 
                       
Funds from operations — diluted
  $ 204,882     $ 244,707     $ 244,577  
 
                 
 
                       
Write-off of convertible debt premium due to adoption of APB 14-1
    3,333              
Amortization of convertible debt premium due to adoption of APB 14-1
    6,598       6,679       3,750  
 
                 
 
                       
Funds from operations as adjusted — diluted
  $ 214,813     $ 251,386     $ 248,327  
 
                 
 
                       
Weighted average number of common shares and OP Units outstanding — basic
    150,457       153,496       154,198  
 
                       
Weighted average number of common shares and OP Units outstanding — diluted
    154,715       159,365       160,212  
In the computation of diluted FFO, OP Units, out-performance partnership units, convertible debt, and the shares of Series E Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock are dilutive; therefore, they are included in the diluted share count.
RE3 is our subsidiary that focuses on development, land entitlement and short-term hold investments. RE3 tax benefits and gain on sales, net of taxes, is defined as net sales proceeds less a tax provision and the gross investment basis of the asset before accumulated depreciation. We consider FFO with RE3 tax benefits and gain on sales, net of taxes, to be a meaningful supplemental measure of performance because the short-term use of funds produce a profit that differs from the traditional long-term investment in real estate for REITs.

 

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The following table is our reconciliation of FFO share information adjusted for the Special Dividend to weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted, reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three years ended December 31, 2008 (shares in thousands):
                         
    For the year ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Weighted average number of common shares and OP units outstanding basic
    150,457       153,496       154,198  
Weighted average number of OP units outstanding
    (9,475 )     (8,404 )     (9,413 )
 
                 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic per the Consolidated Statement of Operations
    140,982       145,092       144,785  
 
                 
 
                       
Weighted average number of common shares, OP units, and common stock equivalents outstanding — diluted
    154,715       159,365       160,212  
Weighted average number of OP units outstanding
    (9,475 )     (8,404 )     (9,413 )
Weighted average incremental shares from assumed conversion of stock options
    (445 )     (682 )     (833 )
Weighted average incremental shares from unvested restricted stock
    (777 )     (442 )     (212 )
Weighted average number of incremental shares from assumed conversion of $250 million convertible debt
                (74 )
Weighted average number of Series A OPPSs outstanding
          (1,709 )     (1,859 )
Weighted average number of Series E preferred shares outstanding
    (3,036 )     (3,036 )     (3,036 )
 
                 
 
                       
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding — diluted per the Consolidated Statements of Operations
    140,982       145,092       144,785  
 
                 
FFO also does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, and therefore should not be considered an alternative to net cash flows from operating activities, as determined by generally accepted accounting principles, as a measure of liquidity. Additionally, it is not necessarily indicative of cash availability to fund cash needs. A presentation of cash flow metrics based on GAAP is as follows (dollars in thousands):
                         
    For the year ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 179,754     $ 269,281     $ 237,881  
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
    302,304       (90,100 )     (158,241 )
Net cash used in financing activities
    (472,537 )     (178,105 )     (93,040 )
Results of Operations
The following discussion includes the results of both continuing and discontinued operations for the periods presented.
Net Income Available to Common Stockholders
2008 -vs-2007
Net income available to common stockholders was $688.7 million ($4.89 per diluted share) for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to $199.0 million ($1.37 per diluted share) for the comparable period in the prior year after adjustment for the Special Dividend. The increase in net income available to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2008 resulted primarily from the following items, all of which are discussed in further detail elsewhere within this Report.
    An increase of $547.3 million in the gains on the disposition of our property inclusive of gains on sale to a joint venture;
 
    A decrease of $39. 0 million in total interest expense due in part to the Company recognizing gains of $26.3 on the extinguishment of certain unsecured debt instruments;

 

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    An increase of $16.9 million related to interest income generated by the Company; and
 
    A gain of $3.1 million related to the repurchase of shares of our Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock at less than their liquation value.
The increases to our net income available to common stockholders were offset by: a reduction in property NOI of $80.2 million due to our dispositions; an increase in non-controlling interest of $34.5 million; and an increase in general and administrative expense of $7.6 million when compared to 2007.
2007-vs.-2006
Net income available to common stockholders was $199.0 million ($1.37 per diluted share) for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $109.7 million ($0.76 per diluted share) for the year ended December 31, 2006 after adjustment for the Special Dividend. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2007, when compared to the same period in 2006, resulted primarily from the following items, all of which are discussed in further detail elsewhere within this Report:
    $98.7 million more in gains recognized from the sale of depreciable property in 2007;
 
    $11.4 million more in apartment community operating results in 2007;
 
    $309,000 less in interest expense in 2007; and
 
    $1.5 million less in distributions on preferred shares in 2007.
These increases in income were partially offset by: a $13.6 million increase in real estate depreciation and amortization expense; an $8.4 million increase in general and administrative expense; $4.3 million in severance costs and other restructuring charges in 2007; $2.3 million in premiums on preferred stock repurchases in 2007; and a $0.9 million decrease in non-property income during 2007 when compared to 2006.
Apartment Community Operations
Our net income is primarily generated from the operation of our apartment communities. The following table summarizes the operating performance of our total apartment portfolio which excludes commercial operating income for each of the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
                                                 
    Year Ended December 31,     Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     % Change     2007     2006     % Change  
 
                                               
Property rental income
  $ 601,998     $ 735,293       -18.1 %   $ 735,293     $ 736,329       -0.1 %
Property operating expense (a)
    (205,842 )     (258,895 )     -20.5 %     (258,895 )     (271,297 )     -4.6 %
 
                                   
Property NOI
  $ 396,156     $ 476,398       -16.8 %   $ 476,398     $ 465,032       2.4 %
 
                                   
     
(a)   Excludes depreciation, amortization, and property management expenses.

 

24


 

The following table is our reconciliation of property NOI to net income as reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Property net operating income
  $ 396,156     $ 476,398     $ 465,032  
Other net operating income/(loss)
    831       2,713       (350 )
Non-property income
    27,190       4,321       3,590  
Hurricane related expenses
    (1,310 )            
Depreciation and amortization
    (256,850 )     (261,038 )     (246,934 )
Interest
    (145,630 )     (184,597 )     (184,906 )
General and administrative and property management
    (63,762 )     (59,881 )     (51,463 )
Severance costs and other restructuring charges
    (653 )     (4,333 )      
Other expenses
    (4,569 )     (1,442 )     (1,238 )
Loss from unconsolidated entities
    (3,612 )     (1,589 )      
Tax benefit for the TRS
    9,713       17,110       8,268  
Net gain on sale of real estate
    786,364       239,068       140,346  
Non-controlling interests
    (46,077 )     (11,601 )     (7,237 )
 
                 
Net income per the Consolidated Statements of Operations
  $ 697,791     $ 215,129     $ 125,108  
 
                 
Same Communities
2008-vs.-2007
Our same store communities (those acquired, developed, and stabilized prior to January 1, 2007 and held on December 31, 2008) which consisted of 32,124 apartment homes and provided 74% of our property NOI for the year ended December 31, 2008.
NOI for our same community properties increased 3.8% or $10.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The increase in property NOI was primarily attributable to a 3.6% or $14.8 million increase in rental revenues and other income partially offset by a 3.1% or $4.1 million increase in operating expenses. The increase in revenues was primarily driven by a 1.4% or $6.0 million increase in rental rates, a 13.9% or $2.0 million increase in reimbursement income, and a 76.9% or $4.3 million decrease in rental concessions. Physical occupancy increased 0.3% to 94.8% and total income per occupied home increased $37 to $1,176.
The increase in property operating expenses was primarily driven by a 5.9% or $2.3 million increase in real estate taxes due to higher assessed values on our communities and favorable tax appeals in 2007 and a 5.4% or $1.7 million increase in personnel costs.
As a result of the percentage changes in property rental income and property operating expenses, the operating margin (property net operating income divided by property rental income) increased to 68.3% as compared to 68.1% in the comparable period in the prior year.
2007-vs.-2006
Our same communities (those communities acquired, developed, and stabilized prior to January 1, 2006 and held on December 31, 2007, which consisted of 30,686 apartment homes) provided 57% of our property net operating income for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Same community property net operating income increased 7.0% or $17.7 million compared to 2006. The increase in property operating income was primarily attributable to a 5.0% or $18.8 million increase in revenues from rental and other income and a 0.9% or $1.1 million increase in operating expenses. The increase in revenues from rental and other income was primarily driven by a 4.2% or $16.2 million increase in rental rates, an 11.4% or $3.0 million increase in reimbursement income and fee income, and a 16.2% or $1.0 million decrease in rental concessions. These increases were partially offset by a 6.8% or $1.3 million increase in vacancy loss. Physical occupancy decreased 0.2% to 94.6%.

 

25


 

The increase in property operating expenses was primarily driven by a 5.2% or $1.8 million increase in real estate taxes that was partially offset by a 7.6% or $0.8 million decrease in administrative and marketing costs.
As a result of the percentage changes in property rental income and property operating expenses, the operating margin (property operating income divided by property rental income) increased 1.3% to 68.2%.
Non-Mature Communities
2008-vs.-2007
The remaining $103.6 million and $196.5 million of our NOI during the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, was generated from communities that we classify as “non-mature communities.” UDR’s non-mature communities consist of communities that do not meet the criteria to be included in same communities, which includes communities developed or acquired, redevelopment properties, sold properties, properties classified as real estate held for disposition and condominium properties. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we recognized NOI for our developments of $7.5 million, acquired communities of $46.0 million, redeveloped properties of $19.2 million and sold properties of $25.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized net operating income for our developments of $4.0 million, acquired communities of $6.6 million, redeveloped properties of $14.9 million and sold properties of $146.1 million. In addition, in 2007 the Company sold a portfolio of properties into a joint venture that we continue to manage after the transaction and as such is not deemed discontinued operations. The NOI from those communities was $18.3 million.
2007-vs.-2006
The non-mature communities net operating income for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 is derived largely from acquisitions, developments, redevelopments and dispositions as the Company executed our strategy to enhance our portfolio in high barrier-to-entry markets.
Other Income
For the year ended December 31, 2008, significant amounts reflected in other income include: interest income from a note for $200 million that the Company received related to the disposition of 86 properties during 2008; interest from uninvested 1031 proceeds; and fees earned for both recurring and non-recurring items related to the Company’s joint ventures. At December 31, 2008, the Company had redeployed all 1031 proceeds.
Tax Benefit for TRS
UDR elected for certain consolidated subsidiaries to be treated as Taxable REIT Subsidiaries (“TRS”). Income taxes for our TRS are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period of the enactment date. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 we have recognized a benefit due to the results of operations and temporary differences associated with the TRS.
Other Operating Expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2008, the increase in other operating expenses is primarily due to additional costs incurred by the Company related to ground leases. In December 2007 and in July 2008, we purchased operating communities that were subject to long-term ground leases. A schedule of future obligations related to ground leases is set forth under “Contractual Obligations” below.

 

26


 

Real Estate Depreciation and Amortization
For the year ended December 31, 2008, real estate depreciation and amortization on both continuing and discontinued operations decreased 2.1% or $5.5 million as compared to the comparable period in 2007. The decrease in depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2008 is a result of the Company’s repositioning efforts that included the sale of 86 operating communities. As the properties sold in 2008 did not meet the criteria to be deemed as held-for-sale the communities until late in the fourth quarter of 2008, we did not cease depreciation until that time. With the proceeds from the sale, the Company purchased $1.0 billion of properties. As part of our allocation of fair value associated with the purchase price, we attributed $14.0 million to in-place leases for our multi-family communities, which are generally amortized over an 11 month period. During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recorded $3.7 million of depreciation related to two properties that we had previously been marketing as condominiums and classified as held-for-sale when we determined it prudent to operate the communities.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, real estate depreciation and amortization on both continuing and discontinued operations increased $13.6 million or 5.6% compared to 2006, primarily due to the significant increase in per home acquisition cost compared to the existing portfolio and other capital expenditures.
Interest Expense
For the year ended December 31, 2008, interest expense on both continuing and discontinued operations decreased 21.1% or $39.0 million as compared to 2007. This decrease is primarily due to the Company recognizing a gain of $26.3 million on debt extinguishment that was partially offset by a $4.2 million prepayment penalty incurred by the Company in refinancing a secured debt instrument in 2008. The gain on debt extinguishment was a result of the Company repurchasing unsecured debt securities with a notional amount of $207.7 million in the open market throughout the year. In addition, the weighted average interest rate decreased from 5.3% in 2007 to 4.9% in 2008, which further reduced our interest expense. The decrease in the weighted average interest rate during 2008 reflects short-term bank borrowings and variable rate debt that had lower interest rates in 2008 when compared to the same period in 2007.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, interest expense on both continuing and discontinued operations decreased 0.2% or $0.3 million compared to 2006. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the weighted average amount of debt outstanding increased 5.9% or $193.8 million compared to 2006 and the weighted average interest rate decreased from 5.4% in 2006 to 5.3% in 2007. The weighted average amount of debt outstanding during 2007 was slightly higher than 2006 as acquisition costs in 2007 have been funded primarily by the issuance of debt. The decrease in the weighted average interest rate during 2007 reflects short-term bank borrowings and variable rate debt that had lower interest rates in 2007 when compared to the same period in 2006.
General and Administrative
For the year ended December 31, 2008, general and administrative expenses increased 19.2% or $7.6 million as compared to 2007. The increase was due to a number of factors, including the Company writing off acquisition-related costs, the Company no longer pursuing a condominium strategy resulted in writing off $1.7 million in deferred sales charges, the renegotiation and/or cancellation of certain operating leases and/or vendor contracts of $0.8 million, the Company cancelling a contract to acquire a pre-sale property resulting in a charge of $1.7 million and the Company acquiring certain contractual rights related to a joint venture resulted in the Company incurring a charge of $305,000 for the profit component of the contracts.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, general and administrative expenses increased $8.4 million or 26.8% compared to 2006. The increase was due to a number of factors, including increases in personnel costs, incentive compensation, and legal and professional fees.
Severance Costs and Other Restructuring Charges
For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recognized $653,000 of severance and restructuring charges as the Company continued to consolidate our operations in Highlands Ranch, Colorado. In addition, we announced reductions to certain positions related to both operations and corporate.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, UDR recognized $4.3 million in severance costs and other restructuring charges partly as a result of our disposition of 86 communities consisting of 25,684 apartment homes. As a result of a comprehensive review of the organizational structure of UDR and its operations, UDR recorded a charge of $3.6 million during the fourth quarter of 2007 related to workforce reductions, relocation costs, and other related costs. These charges are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations within the line item “Severance costs and other restructuring charges.” All charges were approved by management and our Board of Directors in October 2007. The Company had a zero balance related to the 2007 charges as of December 31, 2008.

 

27


 

Gains on the Sale of Land and Depreciable Property
For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we recognized after-tax gains for financial reporting purposes of $786.4 million, $239.1 million and $140.3 million, respectively. Changes in the level of gains recognized from period to period reflect the changing level of our divestiture activity from period to period as well as the extent of gains related to specific properties sold.
Inflation
We believe that the direct effects of inflation on our operations have been immaterial. Substantially all of our leases are for a term of one year or less which generally minimizes our risk from the adverse effects of inflation.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
UDR has entered into one contract to purchase an apartment community of 289 homes in Dallas, Texas for approximately $29.0 million upon completion of its development. This apartment community is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2009.
Other than the purchase contract listed above, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2008 (dollars in thousands):
                                         
    Payments Due by Period  
Contractual Obligations   2009     2010-2011     2012-2013     Thereafter     Total  
 
                                       
Long-term debt obligations
  $ 396,188     $ 997,416     $ 657,123     $ 1,210,406     $ 3,261,133  
Interest on debt obligations
    120,110       216,121       177,692       191,890       705,813  
Unfunded commitments on development projects (a)
    4,829       184,249                     189,078  
Purchase obligations
    29,000                         29,000  
Operating lease obligations:
                                       
Operating space
    1,264       1,978       793             4,035  
Ground leases (b)
    4,520       9,040       9,040       293,702       316,302  
 
                             
 
                                       
 
  $ 555,911     $ 1,408,804     $ 844,648     $ 1,695,998     $ 4,505,361  
 
                             
     
(a)   Any unfunded costs at December 31, 2008 are shown in the year of estimated completion. The Company has project debt on many of our development projects.
 
(b)   For purposes of our ground lease contracts, the Company uses the minimum lease payment, if stated in the agreement. For ground lease agreements where there is a reset provision based on the communities appraised value or consumer price index but does not included a specified minimum lease payment, the Company uses the current rent over the remainder of the lease term.
During 2008, we incurred gross interest costs of $184.2 million, of which $14.9 million was capitalized.

 

28


 

Factors Affecting Our Business and Prospects
There are many factors that affect our business and the results of our operations, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include:
    general economic factors;
 
    unfavorable changes in apartment market and economic conditions that could adversely affect occupancy levels and rental rates;
 
    the failure of acquisitions to achieve anticipated results;
 
    possible difficulty in selling apartment communities;
 
    the timing and closing of planned dispositions under agreement;
 
    competitive factors that may limit our ability to lease apartment homes or increase or maintain rents;
 
    insufficient cash flow that could affect our debt financing and create refinancing risk;
 
    failure to generate sufficient revenue, which could impair our debt service payments and distributions to stockholders;
 
    development and construction risks that may impact our profitability;
 
    potential damage from natural disasters, including hurricanes and other weather-related events, which could result in substantial costs to us;
 
    risks from extraordinary losses for which we may not have insurance or adequate reserves;
 
    uninsured losses due to insurance deductibles, self-insurance retention, uninsured claims or casualties, or losses in excess of applicable coverage;
 
    delays in completing developments and lease-ups on schedule;
 
    our failure to succeed in new markets;
 
    changing interest rates, which could increase interest costs and affect the market price of our securities;
 
    potential liability for environmental contamination, which could result in substantial costs to us;
 
    the imposition of federal taxes if we fail to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code in any taxable year;
 
    our internal control over financial reporting may not be considered effective which could result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports, and in turn have an adverse effect on our stock price; and
 
    changes in real estate laws, tax laws and other laws affecting our business.
A discussion of these and other factors affecting our business and prospects is set forth in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors. We encourage investors to review these risk factors.

 

29


 

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE
UDR, INC.
         
    Page  
 
       
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
    31  
 
       
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FILED AS PART OF THIS REPORT
       
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
    32  
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2008 and 2007
    33  
Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008
    34  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008
    35  
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008
    37  
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
    38  
 
       
SCHEDULE FILED AS PART OF THIS REPORT
       
Schedule III — Summary of Real Estate Owned
    69  
All other schedules are omitted since the required information is not present or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the financial statements and notes thereto.

 

30


 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of UDR, Inc.
We have audited UDR, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). UDR, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting included in Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, UDR, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of UDR, Inc. as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 of UDR, Inc. and our report dated February 20, 2009, except for the retrospective adjustments described in Notes 1 and 6, as to which the date is May 19, 2009, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
         
 
  /s/ Ernst & Young LLP    
Denver, Colorado
February 20, 2009

 

31


 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of UDR, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of UDR, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of UDR, Inc. at December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
As discussed in Notes 1 and 6 to the financial statements, UDR, Inc. has retrospectively adopted the provisions of new accounting pronouncements for noncontrolling interests and convertible debt.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), UDR, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 20, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
         
 
  /s/ Ernst & Young LLP    
Denver, Colorado
February 20, 2009, except for the retrospective adjustments
described in Notes 1 and 6, as to which the date is
May 19, 2009.

 

32


 

UDR, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except for share data)
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
ASSETS
               
 
               
Real estate owned:
               
Real estate held for investment
  $ 5,644,930     $ 4,186,360  
Less: accumulated depreciation
    (1,078,637 )     (832,598 )
 
           
 
    4,566,293       3,353,762  
 
               
Real estate under development
(net of accumulated depreciation of $52 and $963)
    186,771       343,768  
Real estate held for disposition
(net of accumulated depreciation of $0 and $538,198)
          887,192  
 
           
Total real estate owned, net of accumulated depreciation
    4,753,064       4,584,722  
Cash and cash equivalents
    12,740       3,219  
Restricted cash
    7,726       4,847  
Deferred financing costs, net
    29,168       33,469  
Notes receivable
    207,450       12,655  
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
    47,048       48,264  
Escrow — 1031 exchange funds
          56,217  
Other assets
    85,842       53,730  
Other assets — real estate held for disposition
    767       3,331  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 5,143,805     $ 4,800,454  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
 
               
Secured debt
  $ 1,462,471     $ 910,611  
Secured debt — real estate held for disposition
          227,325  
Unsecured debt
    1,798,662       2,341,895  
Real estate taxes payable
    14,035       8,922  
Accrued interest payable
    20,744       27,999  
Security deposits and prepaid rent
    28,829       22,061  
Distributions payable
    57,144       49,152  
Deferred gains on the sale of depreciable property
    28,845       28,690  
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities
    71,395       52,070  
Other liabilities — real estate held for disposition
    1,204       28,110  
 
           
Total liabilities
    3,483,329       3,696,835  
 
               
Redeemable non-controlling interests in operating partnership
    108,092       159,267  
 
               
Stockholders’ equity
               
Preferred stock, no par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized
               
2,803,812 shares of 8.00% Series E Cumulative Convertible issued and outstanding (2,803,812 shares at December 31, 2007)
    46,571       46,571  
4,430,700 shares of 6.75% Series G Cumulative Redeemable issued and outstanding (5,400,000 shares at December 31, 2007)
    110,768       135,000  
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized
148,781,115 shares issued and outstanding (144,336,438 shares at December 31, 2007)
    1,488       1,443  
Additional paid-in capital
    1,850,871       1,786,074  
Distributions in excess of net income
    (448,737 )     (1,027,114 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (11,927 )     (770 )
 
           
Total UDR, Inc. stockholders’ equity
    1,549,034       941,204  
Non-controlling interest
    3,350       3,148  
 
           
Total equity
    1,552,384       944,352  
 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 5,143,805     $ 4,800,454  
 
           
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

33


 

UDR, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
                         
    Years Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
REVENUES
                       
Rental income
  $ 563,408     $ 501,618     $ 467,511  
Non-property income:
                       
Other income
    27,190       4,320       3,585  
 
                 
Total Revenues
    590,598       505,938       471,096  
 
                 
EXPENSES
                       
Rental expenses:
                       
Real estate taxes and insurance
    68,428       59,036       55,603  
Personnel
    48,672       43,038       41,616  
Utilities
    29,301       26,147       24,717  
Repair and maintenance
    30,333       27,342       26,059  
Administrative and marketing
    14,640       13,009       13,039  
Property management
    15,494       13,792       12,856  
Other operating expenses
    4,563       1,442       1,238  
Hurricane related expenses
    1,310              
Real estate depreciation and amortization
    251,984       191,478       165,499  
Interest
                       
Expense incurred
    165,123       168,338       182,798  
Gain on debt extinguishment
    (26,306 )            
Prepayment penalty on debt restructure
    4,201              
General and administrative
    47,179       39,566       31,198  
Severance costs and other restructuring charges
    653       4,333        
Other depreciation and amortization
    4,866       3,077       2,513  
 
                 
Total Expenses
    660,441       590,598       557,136  
 
                 
Loss from operations
    (69,843 )     (84,660 )     (86,040 )
Loss from unconsolidated entities
    (3,612 )     (1,589 )      
Tax benefit for TRS
    9,713       17,110       8,268  
Net gain on the sale of depreciable property to a joint venture
          113,799        
 
                 
(Loss)/income from continuing operations
    (63,742 )     44,660       (77,772 )
Income from discontinued operations
    807,610       182,070       210,117  
 
                 
Consolidated net income
    743,868       226,730       132,345  
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
    (46,077 )     (11,601 )     (7,237 )
 
                 
Net income attributable to UDR, Inc.
    697,791       215,129       125,108  
Distributions to preferred stockholders-Series B
          (4,819 )     (11,644 )
Distributions to preferred stockholders-Series E (Convertible)
    (3,724 )     (3,724 )     (3,726 )
Distributions to preferred stockholders-Series G
    (8,414 )     (5,367 )      
Discount/(premium) on preferred stock repurchases, net
    3,056       (2,261 )      
 
                 
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 688,709     $ 198,958     $ 109,738  
 
                 
(Loss)/earnings per weighted average common share — basic and diluted:
                       
(Loss)/income from continuing operations available to common stockholders
  $ (0.84 )   $ 0.12     $ (0.69 )
Income from discontinued operations
  $ 5.73     $ 1.25     $ 1.45  
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 4.89     $ 1.37     $ 0.76  
Common distributions declared per share
  $ 2.11     $ 1.22     $ 1.15  
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding — basic
    140,982       145,092       144,785  
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding — diluted
    140,982       145,092       144,785  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

34


 

UDR, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands, except for share data)
                         
Year Ended December 31,   2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Operating Activities
                       
Consolidated net income
  $ 743,868     $ 226,730     $ 132,345  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    256,850       261,038       246,934  
Net gains on the sale of depreciable property
    (786,181 )     (125,269 )     (140,346 )
Net gains on the sale of land
    (183 )            
Net gains on the sale of depreciable property to a joint venture
          (113,799 )      
Gains on debt extinguishment
    (26,306 )            
Gains on the sale of technology investment
                (796 )
Write off of bad debt
    2,411       4,042       3,806  
Loss from unconsolidated entities
    3,612       1,589        
Amortization of deferred financing costs and other
    14,183       14,058       9,786  
Amortization of deferred compensation
    7,024       6,356        
(Refunds)/prepayments on income taxes
    (6,846 )     6,284       (6,288 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
Increase in operating assets
    (27,146 )     (7,495 )     (6,519 )
Decrease in operating liabilities
    (1,532 )     (4,253 )     (1,041 )
 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
    179,754       269,281       237,881  
 
                       
Investing Activities
                       
Proceeds from sales of real estate investments, net
    1,487,067       737,201       484,476  
Proceeds from note receivable
    18,774       4,000       59,805  
Disbursements related to notes receivable
    (13,569 )     (6,155 )     (5,500 )
Acquisition of real estate assets (net of liabilities assumed) and initial capital expenditures
    (936,538 )     (435,997 )     (365,606 )
Development of real estate assets
    (160,074 )     (101,460 )     (101,849 )
Capital expenditures and other major improvements — real estate assets, net of escrow reimbursement
    (123,234 )     (194,427 )     (215,721 )
Capital expenditures — non-real estate assets
    (23,249 )     (4,547 )     (3,465 )
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture
    (2,396 )     (24,954 )      
Contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures
                (6,823 )
Proceeds from the sale of technology investment
                796  
Purchase deposits on pending real estate acquisitions
    (694 )     (7,544 )     (4,354 )
Change in funds held in escrow from IRC Section 1031 exchanges
    56,217       (56,217 )      
 
                 
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
    302,304       (90,100 )     (158,241 )

 

35


 

UDR, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands, except for share data) — (Continued)
                         
Year Ended December 31,   2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Financing Activities
                       
Payments on secured debt
    (216,354 )     (186,831 )     (70,339 )
Proceeds from the issuance of unsecured debt
    240,000       150,000       375,000  
Proceeds from the issuance of secured debt
    445,162       91,804       78,860  
Payments on unsecured debt
    (452,156 )     (167,255 )     (138,849 )
Net (repayment)/proceeds of revolving bank debt
    (309,500 )     222,300       (123,600 )
Purchase of capped call equity instrument
                (12,588 )
Payment of financing costs
    (6,702 )     (6,772 )     (10,284 )
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options
    2,588       2,524       5,303  
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock through public offering, net
    184,327              
Proceeds from the (redemption)/issuance of Series G preferred stock, net
    (20,347 )     135,000        
Payment of preferred stock issuance costs
          (4,252 )      
(Repayment)/proceeds from the investment of performance based programs, net
    (944 )     50       400  
Purchase of non-controlling interests owned by Series A LLC
                (2,059 )
Distributions paid to non-controlling interests
    (18,666 )     (12,099 )     (12,729 )
Distributions paid to preferred stockholders
    (12,429 )     (13,312 )     (15,370 )
Distributions paid to common stockholders
    (166,983 )     (175,923 )     (166,785 )
Repurchase of common stock
    (140,533 )     (77,939 )      
Redemption of Series B preferred stock
          (135,400 )      
 
                 
Net cash used in financing activities
    (472,537 )     (178,105 )     (93,040 )
 
                       
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    9,521       1,076       (13,400 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
    3,219       2,143       15,543  
 
                 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
  $ 12,740     $ 3,219     $ 2,143  
 
                 
 
                       
Supplemental Information:
                       
Interest paid during the year
  $ 176,087     $ 197,722     $ 174,871  
Non-cash transactions:
                       
Conversion of operating partnership non-controlling interests to common stock (1,596,402 shares in 2008, 1,012,788 shares in 2007 and 412,491 shares in 2006)
    12,176       8,794       7,988  
Issuance of restricted stock awards
    6       1       3  
Issuance of note receivable upon the disposition of real estate
    200,000              
Secured debt assumed with the acquisition of properties, net of fair value adjustment
    95,728       72,680       24,512  
Real estate assets contributed
          10,350        
Non-cash transactions associated with consolidated joint venture:
                       
Real estate assets acquired
                62,059  
Secured debt assumed
                33,627  
Operating liabilities assumed
                3,840  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

36


 

UDR, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands, except share data)
                                                                         
                                            Distribution     Accumulated              
                                            in     Other     Non-        
    Preferred Stock     Common Stock     Paid-in     Excess of     Comprehensive     controlling        
    Shares     Amount     Shares     Amount     Capital     Net Income     Income/(Loss)     interest     Total  
Balance, December 31, 2005
    8,219,821     $ 181,971       145,088,173     $ 1,451     $ 1,813,046     $ (888,744 )   $     $     $ 1,107,724  
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles
                            32,602       (86,875 )           2,893       (51,380 )
 
                                                     
Balance, January 1, 2006
    8,219,821     $ 181,971       145,088,173     $ 1,451       1,845,648       (975,619 )           2,893       1,056,344  
 
                                                     
Comprehensive Income
                                                                       
Net income
                                  125,108             103       125,211  
 
                                                     
Comprehensive income
                                  125,108             103       125,211  
 
                                                     
Issuance of common and restricted shares and other
                688,643       7       9,357                         9,364  
Adjustment for conversion of non-controlling interests of unitholders in operating partnerships
                412,491       4       7,984                         7,988  
Adjustment for cancellation of non-controlling interests in Series A LLC
                            (2,059 )                       (2,059 )
Purchase of capped call equity instrument
                            (12,588 )                       (12,588 )
Common stock distributions declared ($1.25 per share)
                                  (168,408 )                 (168,408 )
Preferred stock distributions declared-Series B ($2.15 per share)
                                  (11,644 )                 (11,644 )
Preferred stock distributions declared-Series E ($1.33 per share)
                                  (3,726 )                 (3,726 )
Adjustment to reflect redeemable non-controlling OP units at redemption value
                                  (55,017 )                 (55,017 )
 
                                                     
Balance, December 31, 2006
    8,219,821     $ 181,971       146,189,307     $ 1,462     $ 1,848,342     $ (1,089,307 )   $     $ 2,996     $ 945,464  
 
                                                     
Comprehensive Income
                                                                       
Net income
                                  215,129             152       215,281  
Other comprehensive income:
                                                                       
Unrealized loss on derivative financial instruments
                                        (814 )           (814 )
Allocation to redeemable non-controllable interests
                                        44             44  
 
                                                     
Comprehensive Income
                                            215,129       (770 )     152       214,511  
 
                                                     
Issuance of common and restricted shares
                506,257       5       8,944                         8,949  
Purchase of common shares
                (3,371,914 )     (34 )     (77,905 )                       (77,939 )
Redemption of 8.60% Series B Cumulative Redeemable shares
    (5,416,009 )     (135,400 )                 2,261       (2,261 )                 (135,400 )
Issuance of 6.75% Series G Cumulative Redeemable shares
    5,400,000       135,000                   (4,252 )                       130,748  
Adjustment for conversion of non-controlling interests of unitholders in operating partnerships
                1,012,788       10       8,684                         8,694  
Common stock distributions declared ($1.32 per share)
                                  (177,540 )                 (177,540 )
Preferred stock distributions declared-Series B ($1.07 per share)
                                  (4,819 )                 (4,819 )
Preferred stock distributions declared-Series E ($1.33 per share)
                                  (3,726 )                 (3,726 )
Preferred stock distributions declared-Series G ($1.13 per share)
                                  (5,366 )                 (5,366 )
Adjustment to reflect redeemable non-controlling OP units at redemption value
                                  40,776                   40,776  
 
                                                     
Balance, December 31, 2007
    8,203,812       181,571       144,336,438       1,443       1,786,074       (1,027,114 )     (770 )     3,148       944,352  
 
                                                     
Comprehensive Income
                                                                       
Net income
                                  697,791             202       697,993  
Other comprehensive income:
                                                                       
Unrealized loss on derivative financial instruments
                                        (11,901 )             (11,901 )
Allocation to redeemable non-controllable interests
                                        744             744  
 
                                                     
Comprehensive income
                                  697,791       (11,157 )     202       686,836  
 
                                                     
Issuance of common and restricted shares
                682,650       7       9,191                         9,198  
Issuance of common shares through public offering
                8,661,201       87       183,085                         183,172  
Purchase of common shares
                (6,495,576 )     (65 )     (140,468 )                       (140,533 )
Redemption of 969,300 shares of 6.75% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Shares
    (969,300 )     (24,232 )                 829       3,056                   (20,347 )
Adjustment for conversion of non-controlling interests of unitholders in operating partnerships
                1,596,402       16       12,160                         12,176  
Common stock distributions declared ($2.2900 per share)
                                  (175,271 )                 (175,271 )
Preferred stock distributions declared-Series E ($1.3288 per share)
                                  (3,724 )                 (3,724 )
Preferred stock distributions declared-Series G ($1.6875 per share)
                                  (8,414 )                 (8,414 )
Adjustment to reflect redeemable non-controlling OP units at Redemption value
                                  64,939                   64,939  
Balance, December 31, 2008
    7,234,512     $ 157,339       148,781,115     $ 1,488     $ 1,850,871     $ (448,737 )   $ (11,927 )   $ 3,350     $ 1,552,384  
 
                                                     
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

37


 

UDR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization, formation and special dividend
UDR, Inc. (“UDR”, the “Company” “we” or “our”) is a self-administered real estate investment trust, or REIT, that owns, operates, acquires, renovates, develops, and manages apartment communities generally in high barrier-to-entry markets located in the United States. The high barrier-to-entry markets are characterized by limited land for new construction, difficult and lengthy entitlement process, expensive single-family home prices and significant employment growth potential. At December 31, 2008, our apartment portfolio consisted of 161 wholly-owned communities located in 23 markets consisting of 44,388 apartment homes. In addition, the Company has an ownership interest in 4,158 apartment units through joint ventures.
On November 5, 2008, our Board of Directors declared a dividend on a pre-adjusted basis of $1.29 per share (“the Special Dividend”) (approximately $132.0 million or $1.19 per share adjusted for the Special Dividend) payable to holders of our common stock. The dividend was paid on January 29, 2009 to stockholders of record on December 9, 2008. The dividend represented the Company’s 2008 fourth quarter recurring distribution of $0.33 per share ($0.305 per share adjusted for the Special Dividend) and an additional special distribution in the amount of $0.96 per share ($0.89 per share adjusted for the Special Dividend) due to taxable income arising from our disposition activity occurring during the year. Subject to the Company’s right to pay the entire dividend in cash, stockholders had the option to make an election to receive payment in cash or in shares, however, the aggregate amount of cash payable to stockholders, other than cash payable in lieu of fractional shares, would not be less than $44.0 million.
The Special Dividend, totaling $177.1 million was paid on 137,266,557 shares issued and outstanding on the record date. Approximately $133.1 million of the Special Dividend was paid through the issuance of 11,358,042 shares of common stock, which was determined based on the volume weighted average closing sales price of our common stock of $11.71 per share on the NYSE on January 21, 2009 and January 22, 2009. The effect of the issuance of additional shares of common stock pursuant to the Special Dividend has been retroactively reflected in each of the historical periods presented within this filing as if those shares were issued and outstanding at the beginning of the earliest period presented. Accordingly, all activity including share issuances, repurchases and forfeitures have been adjusted to reflect an 8.27% increase in the number of shares, except where noted otherwise.
Basis of presentation
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of UDR and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, includes certain joint ventures and variable interest entities where we are the primary beneficiary as defined by FASB Interpretation No. 46 R (“FIN 46 R”), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51”. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company’s subsidiaries include United Dominion Realty, L.P., (the “Operating Partnership”), and Heritage Communities L.P. (the “Heritage OP”), (collectively, “UDR”). As of December 31, 2008, there were 179,848,233 units in the Operating Partnership outstanding, of which 171,919,064 units or 96% were owned by UDR and 7,929,169 units or 4% were owned by limited partners. As of December 31, 2008, there were 6,000,323 units in the Heritage OP outstanding, of which 5,814,507 units or 97% were owned by UDR and 185,816 units or 3% were owned by limited partners. The Consolidated Financial Statements of UDR include the non-controlling interests of the unitholders in the Operating Partnership and the Heritage OP.
Adoption of new accounting standards
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements” (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 amends Accounting Research Bulletin 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements” to establish accounting and reporting standards for the non-controlling (minority) interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It clarifies that a non-controlling interest in a subsidiary should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. Consolidated net income should include the net income for both the parent and the non-controlling interest with disclosure of both amounts on the consolidated statement of operations. The calculation of earnings per share will continue to be based on income amounts attributable to the parent. SFAS 160 is effective for us on January 1, 2009. As part of our retrospective adoption of SFAS 160, we have reconsidered the measurement provisions of EITF Topic D-98, “Classification and Measurement of Redeemable Securities.” Upon adoption, we adjusted the carrying amount of the operating partnership units by recognizing an $86.8 million increase to “Redeemable non-controlling interests in operating partnership” on the balance sheet and a corresponding decrease in “Distributions in excess of net income,” which was accounted for as a cumulative effect adjustment on January 1, 2006.

 

38


 

In May 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion” (“APB 14-1”). APB 14-1 requires entities that issued certain convertible debt instruments that may be settled or partially settled in cash on conversion to separately account for the liability (debt) and equity (conversion option) components of the instrument in a manner that reflects the entity’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. APB 14-1 requires that an entity determine the estimated fair value of a similar debt instrument as of the date of the issuance without the conversion feature but inclusive of any other embedded features such as puts and calls and assign that value to the debt component of the instrument, which would result in a discount being recorded. The debt would subsequently be accreted to its par value over its expected life using the market rate at the date of issuance. The residual value between the initial proceeds and the value allocated to the debt would be reflected in equity as additional paid in capital. APB 14-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008 and would be applied retrospectively to both new and existing convertible instruments. Due to the retrospective adoption of APB 14-1, the Company recognized a decrease in “Distributions in excess of net income” of $117,000 on January 1, 2006 for the cumulative change in interest expense. We also recorded a $32.6 million increase to “Additional paid in capital” for the allocation of the equity component. The Company recognized an additional $9.8 million, $6.6 million and $3.7 million of interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, due to the adoption of APB 14-1.
In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are Participating Securities”, or the FSP, which for us was effective January 1, 2009 and has been applied retrospectively. The FSP clarifies that unvested share-based payment awards that participate in dividends similar to shares of common stock or operating partnership units should be treated as participating securities. The FSP affects the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for unvested restricted stock awards which entitle the holders to dividends. The FSP did not affect earnings per share amounts for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2006 because we reported a net loss for the period and accordingly had no undistributed earnings. The FSP had an immaterial affect on the earnings per share amount for the twelve months ended December 31, 2007. We do not expect the FSP to have a material effect on future earnings per share amounts.
Investment in joint ventures
We use the equity method to account for investments that qualify as variable interest entities, variable interest entities where we are not the primary beneficiary and entities that we do not control or where we do not own a majority of the economic interest but have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company will also use the equity method when we function as the managing member and our joint venture partner has substantive participating rights or where we can be replaced by our joint venture partner as managing member without cause. For a joint venture accounted for under the equity method, our share of net earnings or losses is reflected as income when earned and distributions are credited against our investment in the joint venture as received.
In determining whether a joint venture is a variable interest entity, the Company considers: the form of our ownership interest and legal structure; the size of our investment; the financing structure of the entity, including necessity of subordinated debt; estimates of future cash flows; ours and our partner’s ability to participate in the decision making related to acquisitions, disposition, budgeting and financing of the entity; obligation to absorb losses and preferential returns; nature of our partner’s primary operations; and the degree, if any, of disproportionally between the economic and voting interests of the entity. As of December 31, 2008, the Company did not assess any of our joint ventures as variable interest entities where UDR was the primary beneficiary.
Use of estimates
The preparation of these financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual amounts realized or paid could differ from those estimates. Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current financial statement presentation.

 

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Discontinued operations
For properties accounted for under SFAS 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” (“SFAS 144”) , the results of operations for those properties sold during the year or classified as held-for-sale at the end of the current year are classified as discontinued operations in the current and prior periods. Further, to meet the discontinued operations criteria, the Company will not have any significant continuing involvement in the ownership or operation of the property after the sale or disposition. Once a property is deemed as held-for-sale, depreciation is no longer recorded. However, if the Company determines that the property no longer meets the criteria for held-for-sale, the Company will recapture any unrecorded depreciation on the property. The sales related to condominium units are also included in discontinued operations.
Real estate
Real estate assets held for investment are carried at historical cost and consist of land, buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment and other costs incurred during their development, acquisition and redevelopment.
Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements related to the acquisition and/or improvement of real estate assets are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives if the expenditures qualify as a betterment or the life of the related asset will be substantially extended beyond the original life expectancy.
UDR purchases real estate investment properties and allocates the purchase price to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair value. The primary, although not only, identifiable intangible asset associated with our portfolio is the value of existing lease agreements. When allocating cost to an acquired community, we first allocate costs to the estimated intangible value of the existing lease agreements and then to the estimated value of the land, building and fixtures assuming the community is vacant. The Company estimates the intangible value of the lease agreements by determining the lost revenue associated with a hypothetical lease-up. Depreciation on the building is based on the expected useful life of the asset and the in-place leases are amortized over their remaining contractual life.
Quarterly or when changes in circumstances warrant, UDR will assess our real estate portfolio for indicators of impairment. In determining whether the Company has indicators of impairment in our real estate assets, we assess whether the long-lived asset’s carrying value exceeds the community’s undiscounted future cash flows, which is representative of projected NOI plus the residual value of the community. Our future cash flow estimates are based upon historical results adjusted to reflect our best estimate of future market and operating conditions and our estimated holding periods. If such indicators of impairment are present and the excess carrying value exceeds the undiscounted cash flows of the community based on a probability weighted model, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its estimated fair value. Our estimates of fair market value represent our best estimate based upon industry trends and reference to market rates and transactions.
For long-lived assets to be disposed of, impairment losses are recognized when the fair value of the asset less estimated cost to sell is less than the carrying value of the asset. Properties classified as real estate held for disposition generally represent properties that are actively marketed or contracted for sale which are expected to close within the next twelve months. Real estate held for disposition is carried at the lower of cost, net of accumulated depreciation, or fair value, less the cost to dispose, determined on an asset-by-asset basis. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs on held for disposition properties are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements related to held for disposition properties are capitalized at cost. Depreciation is not recorded on real estate held for disposition.
Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets which are 35 years for buildings, 10 to 35 years for major improvements, and 3 to 10 years for furniture, fixtures, equipment, and other assets. As of December 31, 2008, the value of our net intangible assets which are reflected in “Other assets” was $10.7 million and the value of our net intangible liabilities which are reflected in “Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities” was $7.2 million in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The balances are being amortized over the remaining life of the respective intangible.
All development projects and related carrying costs are capitalized and reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as “Real estate under development.” As each building in a project is completed and becomes available for lease-up, the total cost of the building is transferred to real estate held for investment and the assets are depreciated over their estimated useful lives. The cost of development projects includes interest, real estate taxes, insurance, and allocated development overhead during the construction period.

 

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Interest, real estate taxes, insurance and allocated development overhead related to support costs for personnel working directly on the development site are capitalized as part of the real estate under development to the extent that such charges do not cause the carrying value of the asset to exceed its net realizable value. During 2008, 2007, and 2006, total interest capitalized was $14.9 million, $13.2 million, and $5.2 million, respectively.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, demand deposits with financial institutions and short-term, highly liquid investments. We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at major commercial banks.
Restricted cash
Restricted cash consists of escrow deposits held by lenders for real estate taxes, insurance and replacement reserves, and security deposits.
Escrow — 1031 exchange funds
In most cases, disposition proceeds are set aside and designated to fund future tax-deferred exchanges of qualifying real estate investments. If these proceeds are not redeployed to qualifying real estate investment within 180 days, these funds are redesignated as cash and cash equivalents.
Derivative financial instruments
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk and will generally designate these financial instruments as a cash flow hedge. Derivative financial instruments are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as either an asset or liability and measured quarterly at their fair value. The changes in fair value for cash flow hedges that are deemed effective are reflected in other comprehensive income and for non-designated derivative financial instruments in earnings. For cash flow hedges the ineffective component, if any, is recorded in earnings.
Cost of raising capital
Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of equity securities are deducted from stockholders equity. Costs incurred in connection with the issuance or renewal of debt is subject to the provisions of EITF 96-19, “Debtors’ Accounting for a Modification or Exchange of Debt Instruments”. Accordingly, if the terms of the renewed or modified debt instrument are deemed to be substantially different (i.e. a 10 percent or greater difference in the cash flows between instruments), all unamortized financing costs associated with the extinguished debt are charged to earnings in the current period. When the cash flows are not substantially different, the costs associated with the renewal or modification are capitalized and amortized into interest expense over the term of the related debt instrument. The balance of any unamortized financing costs associated with retired debt is expensed upon retirement. Deferred financing costs for new debt instruments include fees and costs incurred by the Company to obtain financing. Deferred financing costs are generally amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method, over a period not to exceed the term of the related debt.
Preferred share redemptions
When redeeming preferred stock, the Company recognizes share issuance costs as a charge to the preferred stock on a pro rata basis to the total costs incurred for the preferred stock offering.
The Company, during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, recognized share issuance costs of $828,000, $2.3 million and $0, respectively as part of the amount reported in “Discount/(premium) on preferred stock repurchases, net”.
Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income, which is defined as all changes in equity during each period except for those resulting from investments by or distributions to stockholders, is displayed in the accompanying Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income. For the year ended December 31, 2008, other comprehensive income consisted of the change in the fair value of effective cash flow hedges from our consolidated subsidiaries and our proportionate percentage of an unconsolidated joint venture in which UDR has elected to utilize hedge accounting.

 

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Revenue and real estate sales gain recognition
Rental income related to leases is recognized on an accrual basis when due from residents in accordance with SFAS No. 13 “Accounting for Leases” (SFAS 13) and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition”. Rental payments are generally due on a monthly basis and recognized when earned. The Company recognizes interest income, management and other fees and incentives when earned, fixed and determinable.
The Company accounts for sales of real estate in accordance with SFAS 66, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate”. For sale transactions meeting the requirements for full accrual profit recognition, such as the Company no longer having continuing involvement in the property, we remove the related assets and liabilities from our Consolidated Balance Sheet and record the gain or loss in the period the transaction closes. For sale transactions that do not meet the full accrual sale criteria due to our continuing involvement, we evaluate the nature of the continuing involvement and account for the transaction under an alternate method of accounting.
Sales to entities in which we retain or otherwise own an interest are accounted for as partial sales. If all other requirements for recognizing profit under the full accrual method have been satisfied and no other forms of continuing involvement are present, we recognize profit proportionate to the outside interest in the buyer and will defer the gain on the interest we retain. The Company will recognize any deferred gain when the property is then sold to a third party. In transactions accounted by us as partial sales, we determine if the buyer of the majority equity interest in the venture was provided a preference as to cash flows in either an operating or a capital waterfall. If a cash flow preference has been provided, we recognize profit only to the extent that proceeds from the sale of the majority equity interest exceed costs related to the entire property.
Advertising costs
All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and reported on the Consolidated Statements of Operations within the line item “Administrative and marketing”. During 2008, 2007, and 2006, total advertising expense was $6.1 million, $7.8 million, and $9.3 million, respectively.
Stock-based employee compensation plans
UDR adopted FASB Statement No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payments,” (SFAS 123(R)) on January 1, 2006 using the modified prospective method. SFAS 123(R) requires an entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of an equity instrument based on the award’s fair value on the grant date and recognize the cost over the period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which is generally the vesting period. The fair value for stock options issued by the Company is calculated utilizing the Black-Scholes-Merton formula. For performance based awards, the Company remeasures the fair value each balance sheet date with adjustment made on a cumulative basis until the award is settled and the final compensation is known. The adoption of the provisions of SFAS 123(R) did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Non-controlling interests of unitholders in operating partnerships
Interests in operating partnerships held by limited partners are represented by operating partnership units (“OP Units”). The income is allocated to holders of OP Units based upon net income available to common stockholders and the weighted average number of OP Units outstanding to total common shares plus OP Units outstanding during the period. Capital contributions, distributions, and profits and losses are allocated to non-controlling interests in accordance with the terms of the individual partnership agreements. Operating Partnership units can be exchanged for cash or shares of UDR’s common stock on a one-for-one basis, at the option of UDR. Heritage OP units can be exchanged for cash or shares of UDR’s common stock on a 1.575 for one basis, at the option of UDR.
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per common share is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per common share is computed based upon common shares outstanding plus the effect of dilutive stock options and other potentially dilutive common stock equivalents. The dilutive effect of stock options and other potentially dilutive common stock equivalents is determined using the treasury stock method based on UDR’s average stock price. The number of shares used to compute basic and dilutive earnings per share have been adjusted to reflect the Special Dividend.

 

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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earning per share (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):
                         
    Years Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Numerator for earnings per share — basic and diluted:
                       
Net earnings attributable to common stockholders
  $ 688,709     $ 198,958     $ 109,738  
 
                 
 
                       
Denominator for earnings per share — basic and diluted:
                       
Weighted average common shares outstanding
    142,222       146,036       145,652  
Non-vested restricted stock awards
    (1,240 )     (944 )     (867 )
 
                 
 
                       
Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share
    140,982       145,092       144,785  
 
                 
 
                       
Earnings per share — basic and diluted
  $ 4.89     $ 1.37     $ 0.76  
 
                 
The effect of the conversion of the operating partnership units, stock options, convertible preferred stock, and convertible debt, is not dilutive and is therefore not included in the above calculations.
If the operating partnership units were converted to common stock adjusted for the Special Dividend, the additional shares of common stock outstanding for the three years ended December 31, 2008, would be 9,474,668, 8,403,605 and 9,412,539 weighted average common shares, respectively.
At December 31, 2008, if the measurement period had ended on that date, no Series E Out-Performance Partnership Shares would have been issued had the Program terminated on that date. Accordingly, no additional operating partnership units would have been issued at that date and are not included in diluted earnings per share.
If the convertible preferred stock were converted to common stock, the additional shares of common stock outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, would be 3,035,548 weighted average common shares.
Income taxes
UDR is operated as, and elects to be taxed as a REIT. Generally, a REIT complies with the provisions of the Code if it meets certain requirements concerning its income and assets, as well as if it distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders and will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes if it distributes at least 100% of its income. Accordingly, no provision has been made for federal income taxes of the REIT. UDR is subject to certain state and local excise or franchise taxes, for which provision has been made. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, our taxable income will be subject to United States Federal income tax at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum tax). Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local income taxes and to United States Federal income tax. We also will be required to pay a 100% tax on non-arms length transactions between us and a taxable REIT subsidiary and on any net income from sales of property that the IRS successfully asserts was property held for sale to customers in the ordinary course.
UDR elected for certain consolidated subsidiaries to be treated as Taxable REIT Subsidiaries (“TRS”) relating to the Company’s developer, RE3 and condominium conversion activities. Income taxes for our TRS are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period of the enactment date.

 

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Market concentration risk
Approximately 13.6% and 11.9% of our apartment communities are located in Orange County, CA and Metropolitan Washington, D.C., respectively, based on the carrying value of our real estate portfolio as of December 31, 2008. Therefore, the Company is subject to increased exposure (positive or negative) from economic and other competitive factors specific to those markets.
Impact of recently issued accounting pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R, “Business Combinations,” (“SFAS 141R”). SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer of a business recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree. The statement also provides guidance for recognizing and measuring the goodwill acquired in the business combination, recognizing assets acquired and liabilities assumed arising from contingencies, and determining what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statement to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141R is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We believe that the adoption of SFAS 141R could materially impact our future consolidated financial position and results of operations depending on the Company’s acquisition activity as certain acquisition costs that have historically been capitalized as part of the basis of the real estate and amortized over the real estate’s useful life will now be expensed as incurred.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (“SFAS 161”). SFAS 161 requires enhanced disclosures related to derivatives and hedging activities. SFAS 161 will require disclosures relating to: (i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments; (ii) how derivative instruments and related hedge items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”; and (iii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS 161 must be applied prospectively and will be effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009, although early adoption is allowed. We believe that the adoption of SFAS 161 will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” (“SFAS 162”). SFAS 162 provides the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statement in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. SFAS 162 will become effective 60 days following the Securities and Exchange Commission’s approval. We believe that the adoption of SFAS 162 will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
2. REAL ESTATE OWNED
Real estate assets owned by the Company consist of income producing operating properties, properties under development, land held for future development and properties deemed as held for sale. As of December 31, 2008, the Company owned and consolidated 161 communities in 10 states plus the District of Columbia totaling 44,388 apartment homes. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts for our real estate owned (at cost) as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 (dollar amounts in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Land
  $ 1,567,737     $ 1,143,516  
Depreciable property — held and used
           
Building and improvements
    3,859,245       2,871,763  
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
    217,948       171,081  
Under development
               
Land
    52,294       227,357  
Construction in progress
    134,529       117,374  
Held for Sale
               
Land
          235,344  
Building and improvements
          1,057,979  
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
          132,067  
 
           
Investment in real estate
    5,831,753       5,956,481  
Accumulated depreciation
    (1,078,689 )     (1,371,759 )
 
           
 
Investment in real estate, net
  $ 4,753,064     $ 4,584,722  
 
           

 

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The following table summarizes the Company’s real estate community acquisitions for the year ended December 30, 2008 (dollar amounts in thousands):
                         
                    Purchase  
Property Name   Market   Acquisition Date   Units     Price (a)  
 
                       
The Place at Millenia
  Orlando, FL   January 2008     371     $ 50,132  
Dulaney Crescent
  Baltimore, MD   March 2008     264       57,690  
Delancey at Shirlington Village
  Metro D.C.   March 2008     241       85,000  
Edgewater
  San Francisco, CA   March 2008     193       115,000  
Circle Towers
  Metro D.C.   March 2008     606       138,378 (b)
Legacy Village
  Dallas, TX   March 2008     1,043       118,500  
Pine Brook Village II
  Orange County, CA   May 2008     296       87,320  
Hearthstone at Merrill Creek
  Seattle, WA   May 2008     220       38,000  
Island Square
  Seattle, WA   July 2008     235       112,202  
Almaden Lake Village
  San Francisco, CA   July 2008     250       47,270  
Residences at the Domain
  Austin, TX   August 2008     390       59,500  
Waterford
  Phoenix, AZ   August 2008     200       23,666  
Vintage Lofts
  Tampa, FL   August 2008     249       43,672 (c)
 
                   
 
                       
 
            4,558     $ 976,330  
 
                   
     
(a)   The purchase price is the contractual amount paid by UDR to the seller and does not include any costs that the Company incurred as a result of the acquisition of the property.
 
(b)   The purchase price does not include the $5.9 million allocated to the commercial space acquired in the transaction.
 
(c)   This community was acquired by the Company while under development and is projected to be completed in the first quarter of 2009.
The Company also acquired a shopping center to be a cornerstone in a master development planned by the Company. The shopping center located in the Dallas, Texas market was purchased for $19.2 million, which included a $9.6 million note owed by the Company to the seller bearing interest at a rate of 5.0% per annum and due in November 2010.
The purchase prices of certain recent acquisitions were allocated to land; building and improvements; furniture, fixtures and equipment; and intangible assets based on preliminary estimates and are subject to change as we obtain more complete information.
The purchase of three of the communities during the year ended December 31, 2008 relate to the pre-sale agreements previously entered into by UDR, which contain provisions that will require the Company and the builder to jointly agree upon the fair market value of each property at a later point in time (generally within two years of stabilization). A percentage of the increase in the fair market value over cost will then be paid to the developer, ranging from 50% to 70%, which is not included in the initial purchase price listed in the table above nor is the contingent obligation accrued for by the Company.
The Company continued to reinvest proceeds from dispositions (see Note 3 — Discontinued Operations). As of December 31, 2008, the Company had entered into a binding agreement for one pre-sale 289 apartment unit real estate asset for $29.0 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company terminated a pre-sale arrangement for a community located in Orlando, Florida. As a result of terminating the contract the Company incurred a write-off of $1.7 million.
3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
The results of operations for properties sold during the year or designated as held-for-sale at the end of the year are classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Properties classified as real estate held for disposition generally represent properties that are actively marketed or contracted for sale which are expected to close within the next twelve months. The application of SFAS 144 does not have an impact on net income available to common stockholders. The application of SFAS 144 results in the reclassification of the operating results of all properties sold or classified as held for disposition through December 31, 2008, within the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, and the reclassification of the assets and liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, if applicable.

 

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For the year ended December 31, 2008, UDR sold 86 communities, one commercial property, one parcel of land, and 53 condominiums from two communities with a total of 640 condominiums. UDR recognized after-tax gains for financial reporting purposes of $786.4 million on these sales. At December 31, 2008, UDR did not have any assets that met the criteria to be included in discontinued operations. In conjunction with the sale of the 86 communities during 2008, UDR received a note in the amount of $200 million. The note which is secured by a pledge, security agreement and a guarantee from the buyer’s parent entity bears a fixed rate of interest of 7.5% per annum and matures on March 31, 2014, provided however that the master credit facility agreement pursuant to which the buyer financed the acquisition of the properties provides that the buyer will pay or prepay the note on or before the date that is fourteen (14) months after the Initial Closing Date (May 3, 2009) and further that it is an event of default under the master credit facility agreement if the note is not paid in full by June 1, 2009.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, UDR sold 21 communities, 61 condominiums from two communities with a total of 640 condominiums, and one parcel of land. UDR recognized after-tax gains for financial reporting purposes of $239.1 million on these sales, of which $125.3 million are included in discontinued operations. The remaining $113.8 million of gains recognized, related to the sale of nine additional communities and the contribution of one development property, at cost, to a joint venture in which UDR holds a 20% interest, and is reported as a component of continuing operations as disclosed in Note 4 — Joint Ventures. At December 31, 2007, UDR had 86 communities with a net book value of $885.5 million, two communities with a total of 579 condominiums and a net book value of $40.8 million, and one commercial unit with a net book value of $0.4 million included in real estate held for disposition.
During 2006, UDR sold 24 communities and 384 condominiums from four communities with a total of 612 condominiums. We recognized gains for financial reporting purposes of $140.3 million on these sales. Previously deferred gains for financial reporting purposes of $6.4 million were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2006. The results of operations for these properties and the interest expense associated with the secured debt on these properties are classified on the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the line item entitled “Income from discontinued operations.”
The following is a summary of income from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, (dollars in thousands):
                         
    December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Rental income
  $ 39,597     $ 237,188     $ 269,403  
Non-property income
    183       1       5  
 
                 
 
    39,780       237,189       269,408  
 
                       
Rental expenses
    14,644       91,123       111,198  
Property management fee
    1,089       6,523       7,409  
Real estate depreciation
          65,972       78,390  
Interest
    2,612       16,259       2,108  
Other expenses
    6       511       532  
 
                 
 
    18,351       180,388       199,637  
Income before net gain on the sale of depreciable property and minority interests
    21,429       56,801       69,771  
Net gain on the sale of depreciable property, excluding RE3
    787,058       117,468       120,013  
RE3 (loss)/gain on sale of real estate, net of tax
    (877 )     7,801       20,333  
 
                 
Income from discontinued operations
  $ 807,610     $ 182,070     $ 210,117  
 
                 

 

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The Company in the fourth quarter of 2008 made the strategic decision to exit our activity related to the conversion and sale of condominium units. As a result of our decision, the Company incurred a charge to earnings of $1.7 million. The unsold units will be reverted to operating apartment homes. In addition, as the Company reverted the former condominium properties to operating communities and removed operating results from discontinued operations to continuing operations. Previously unrecorded depreciation of $3.7 million was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2008.
4. JOINT VENTURES
UDR has entered into joint ventures with unrelated third parties for real estate assets that are either consolidated and included in real estate owned on our Consolidated Balance Sheets or are accounted for under the equity method of accounting, which are not consolidated and are included in investment in unconsolidated joint ventures on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company will consolidate an entity in which we own less than 100% but control the joint venture as well as any variable interest entity where we are the primary beneficiary. In addition, the Company will consolidate any joint venture in which we are the general partner or managing member and the third party does not have the ability to substantively participate in the decision-making process nor do they have the ability to remove us as general partner or managing member, respectively without cause.
UDR’s joint ventures, some of which are variable interest entities, are funded with a combination of debt and capital. The allocation between debt and capital will vary by joint venture with our investments having a weighted average of 11% of the initial total assets as contributed capital. Our losses are limited to our investment and the Company does not guarantee any debt, capital payout or other obligations associated with our joint venture portfolio.
Consolidated Joint Venture
During 2008, we completed the development of a consolidated joint venture located in Marina del Rey, CA with 298 apartment homes and a carrying value of $139.3 million, which is currently in lease-up. In December 2008, we acquired for $1.5 million our joint venture partner’s interest in their profit participation and terminated the property management agreement that had approximately two years remaining on the pre-existing contract. As a result of terminating our arrangement, the Company recorded a charge to earnings of $305,000 as the profit component related to the management agreement and capitalized the balance as part of the investment in real estate. The component capitalized as the investment in real estate will be depreciated over the average remaining life of the tangible assets. As of December 31, 2008, the Company included this property as a component of our wholly-owned communities.
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
The Company recognizes earnings or losses from our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures consisting of our proportionate share of the net earnings or loss of the joint venture. In addition, we earn fees for providing management and development services to the unconsolidated joint ventures. As of December 31, 2008, UDR had investments in the following unconsolidated development joint ventures which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting.
UDR is a partner in a joint venture to develop a site in Bellevue, Washington. At closing, we owned 49% of the joint venture which the Company proposes to develop that involves building a 430 home high rise apartment building with ground floor retail. Our initial investment was $5.7 million. The project is currently ongoing and will commence construction once favorable financing has been obtained. Our investment at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was $10.2 million and $8.1 million, respectively.
UDR is a partner in a joint venture which will develop 274 apartment homes in the central business district of Bellevue, Washington. Construction began in the fourth quarter of 2006 and is scheduled for completion in the third quarter of 2009. At closing, we owned 49% of the joint venture. Our initial investment was $10.0 million. Our investment at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was $9.9 million and $8.9 million, respectively.
UDR is a partner with an unaffiliated third party in a joint venture which owns and operates a recently completed 23-story, 166 home high-rise apartment community in the central business district of Bellevue, Washington. At closing, UDR owned 49% of the joint venture. Our initial investment was $11.8 million. Our investment at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was $10.4 million and $11.2 million, respectively.

 

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UDR and an unaffiliated third party in November 2007 formed a joint venture which owns and operates various properties located in Texas. On the closing date, UDR sold nine operating properties, consisting of 3,690 units, and contributed one property under development to the joint venture. The property under development has 302 units and was completed in 2008 and commenced lease up at that time. UDR contributed cash and property equal to 20% of the fair value of the properties. The unaffiliated member contributed cash equal to 80% of the fair value of the properties comprising the joint venture, which was then used to purchase the nine operating properties from UDR. Our initial investment was $20.4 million. Our investment at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was $16.5 million and $20.1 million, respectively. In addition, during the year ended December 30, 2008 UDR received payment in full for a note receivable of $18.8 million from the joint venture.
The operating results of the properties sold to the Texas joint venture are included as a component of continuing operations on the Consolidated Statement of Operations as UDR will continue to recognize significant cash flows from management fees over the term of the joint venture.
Summarized financial information relating to 100% of all the unconsolidated joint ventures operations (not just our proportionate share) is presented below for the years ended December 31, (dollars in thousands):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
For the year ended:
                       
Revenues
  $ 43,486     $ 9,495     $  
Real estate depreciation and amortization
    22,509       4,671        
Net loss
    (18,167 )     (3,532 )      
Combined summary balance sheets relating to 100% of all the unconsolidated joint ventures (not just our proportionate share) is presented below for the years ended December 31, (dollars in thousands):
                 
    2008     2007  
 
               
Real estate
  $ 544,541     $ 480,374  
Total assets
    534,751       494,015  
Amount due to UDR
    3,898       9,813  
Third party debt
    373,353       314,673  
Total liabilities
    397,135       338,851  
Equity
    137,620       155,164  
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had deferred profit from the sale of properties of $28.8 million, which the Company will not recognize until the underlying property is sold to a third party. The Company recognized $5.1 million of management fees for our involvement in the joint ventures.
The Company may be required to make additional capital contributions to certain of our joint ventures should additional capital contributions be necessary to fund development costs or operating shortfalls.

 

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5. SECURED DEBT
Our secured debt instruments generally feature either monthly interest and principal or monthly interest-only payments with balloon payments due at maturity. For purposes of classification in the following table, variable rate debt with a derivative financial instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is deemed as fixed rate debt due to the Company having effectively established the interest rate for the underlying debt instrument. Secured debt on continuing and discontinued operations, which encumbers $2.1 billion or 37% of UDR’s real estate owned based upon book value ($3.7 billion or 63% of UDR’s real estate owned is unencumbered) consists of the following as of December 31, 2008 (dollars in thousands):
                                         
                    2008  
    Principal Outstanding     Weighted     Weighted     Number of  
    December 31     Average     Average     Communities  
    2008     2007     Interest Rate     Years to Maturity     Encumbered  
Fixed Rate Debt
                                       
Mortgage notes payable
  $ 476,810     $ 324,059       5.03 %     2.9       18  
Tax-exempt secured notes payable
    13,325       18,230       5.30 %     22.2       1  
Fannie Mae credit facilities
    666,642       583,071       5.52 %     7.0       26  
 
                             
Total fixed rate secured debt
    1,156,777       925,360       5.32 %     5.5       45  
 
                             
 
                                       
Variable Rate Debt
                                       
Mortgage notes payable
    114,181       124,023       3.34 %     3.5       7  
Tax-exempt secured note payable
    27,000       7,770       1.95 %     21.2       1  
Fannie Mae credit facilities
    164,513       80,783       3.08 %     5.2       8  
 
                             
Total variable rate secured debt
    305,694       212,576       3.08 %     6.0       16  
 
                             
Total secured debt
  $ 1,462,471     $ 1,137,936       4.85 %     5.6       61  
 
                             
UDR entered into secured revolving credit facilities with Fannie Mae with an aggregate commitment of $1.0 billion at December 31, 2008. The Fannie Mae credit facilities are for an initial term of 10 years, bear interest at floating and fixed rates, and certain variable rate facilities can be extended for an additional five years at our option. We have $666.6 million of the funded balance fixed at a weighted average interest rate of 5.5% and the remaining balance on these facilities is currently at a weighted average variable rate of 3.1%.
                 
    December 31, 2008     December 31, 2007  
 
               
Borrowings outstanding at end of year
  $ 831,155     $ 663,854  
Weighted average daily borrowings during the year ended
    702,620       686,556  
Maximum daily borrowings during the year ended
    831,370       741,185  
Weighted average interest rate during the year ended
    5.5 %     5.9 %
Weighted average interest rate at the end of the year
    5.0 %     5.8 %
The Company will from time to time acquire properties subject to fixed rate debt instruments. In those situations, management will record the secured debt at its estimated fair value and amortize any difference between the fair value and par to interest expense over the life of the underlying debt instrument. The unamortized fair market adjustment was an asset of $763,000 and a liability of $1.6 million at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Fixed Rate Debt
Mortgage notes payable. Fixed rate mortgage notes payable are generally due in monthly installments of principal and interest and mature at various dates from February 2009 through June 2016 and carry interest rates ranging from 3.36% to 8.18%. Mortgage notes payable includes debt associated with development activities.

 

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Tax-exempt secured notes payable. Fixed rate mortgage notes payable that secure tax-exempt housing bond issues mature in March 2031 and carry an interest rate of 5.30%. Interest on these notes is payable in semi-annual installments.
Secured credit facilities. At December 31, 2008, UDR’s fixed rate secured credit facilities consisted of $666.6 million on a $1.0 billion aggregate commitment under four revolving secured credit facilities with Fannie Mae (the Company also owes $164.5 million under the variable rate component of this instrument). The Fannie Mae credit facilities are for an initial term of 10 years, bear interest at floating and fixed rates, and certain variable rate facilities can be extended for an additional five years at our option. As of December 31, 2008, the fixed rate Fannie Mae credit facilities had a weighted average fixed rate of interest of 5.5%.
Variable Rate Debt
Mortgage notes payable. Variable rate mortgage notes payable are generally due in monthly installments of principal and interest and mature at various dates from October 2009 through December 2015. The mortgage notes payable is based on LIBOR plus some basis points, which translate into interest rates ranging from 2.45% to 4.08% at December 31, 2008. The Company has the ability under the debt instrument maturing in October 2009 to exercise contractually provided extensions (two one-year extensions) on the outstanding balance of $110.3 million.
Tax-exempt secured note payable. The variable rate mortgage note payable that secures tax-exempt housing bond issues matures in March 2030. Interest on this note is payable in monthly installments. The mortgage notes payable has an interest rate of 1.95% as of December 31, 2008.
Secured credit facilities. The variable rate secured credit facilities consisted of $164.5 million outstanding on the Fannie Mae credit facilities. As of December 31, 2008, the variable rate Fannie Mae credit facilities had a weighted average floating rate of interest of 3.08%.
The aggregate maturities of our secured debt due during each of the next five calendar years and thereafter are as follows (dollars in thousands):
                                                         
    Fixed     Variable        
    Mortgage     Tax-Exempt     Credit     Mortgage     Tax-Exempt     Credit        
    Notes     Notes     Facilities     Notes     Notes     Facilities     Total  
 
                                                       
2009
  $ 138,235     $     $ 2,507     $ 5,318     $     $     $ 146,060  
2010
    91,157             2,654       18,146                   111,957  
2011
    58,925             52,808       35,802             39,513       187,048  
2012
    56,795             177,944                   60,000       294,739  
2013
    61,386             38,631       37,415                   137,432  
Thereafter
    70,312       13,325       392,098       17,500       27,000       65,000       585,235  
 
                                         
 
                                                       
 
  $ 476,810     $ 13,325     $ 666,642     $ 114,181     $ 27,000     $ 164,513     $ 1,462,471  
 
                                         

 

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6. UNSECURED DEBT
A summary of unsecured debt as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Commercial Banks
               
Borrowings outstanding under an unsecured credit facility due July 2012 (a)
  $     $ 309,500  
Borrowings outstanding under an unsecured term loan due February 2010 (b)
    240,000        
 
           
 
 
    240,000       309,500  
 
           
 
               
Senior Unsecured Notes
               
4.50% Medium-Term Notes due March 2008
          200,000  
8.50% Monthly Income Notes due November 2008
          29,081  
4.25% Medium-Term Notes due January 2009
    50,000       50,000  
6.50% Notes due June 2009
    200,000       200,000  
3.90% Medium-Term Notes due March 2010 (includes premium of $190 and $344)
    50,190       50,344  
3.625% Convertible Senior Notes due September 2011 (net of APB 14-1 discount of $7,080 and $14,032) (c),(d)
    164,255       235,968  
5.00% Medium-Term Notes due January 2012
    100,000       100,000  
6.05% Medium-Term Notes due June 2013
    125,000       125,000  
5.13% Medium-Term Notes due January 2014 (d)
    184,000       200,000  
5.50% Medium-Term Notes due April 2014 (net of discount of $363 and $504) (d)
    128,137       149,496  
5.25% Medium-Term Notes due January 2015 (includes premium of $212 and $343) (d)
    175,387       250,343  
5.25% Medium-Term Notes due January 2016 (d)
    83,260       100,000  
8.50% Debentures due September 2024
    54,118       54,118  
4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due December 2035 (net of APB 14-1 discount of $5,834 and $8,813) (e)
    244,166       241,187  
Other
    149       158  
 
           
 
 
    1,558,662       1,985,695  
 
           
 
               
Unsecured Notes —
               
ABAG Tax-Exempt Bonds due August 2008
          46,700  
 
               
 
               
 
  $ 1,798,662     $ 2,341,895  
 
           
     
(a)   Our unsecured credit facility provides us with an aggregate borrowing capacity of $600 million, which at our election we can increase to $750 million under certain circumstances. Our unsecured credit facility held by a syndicate of financial institutions carries an interest rate equal to LIBOR plus a spread of 47.5 basis points and matures on July 26, 2012. In addition, the unsecured credit facility contains a provision that allows us to bid up to 50% of the commitment and we can bid out the entire unsecured credit facility once per quarter so long as we maintain an investment grade rating.
 
(b)   During the year ended December 31, 2008, UDR borrowed $240 million in the form of a two-year unsecured term loan from a consortium of banks. UDR entered into one interest rate swap agreement associated with the borrowings under the term loan with an aggregate notional value of $200 million in which the Company pays a fixed rate of interest and receives a variable rate of interest on the notional amount. The interest rate swap effectively changes UDR’s interest rate exposure on $200 million of these borrowings from a variable rate to a weighted average fixed rate of approximately 3.61%. The remaining $40 million has a variable interest rate, which was 2.77% at December 31, 2008.

 

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(c)   At any time on or after July 15, 2011, prior to the close of business on the second business day prior to September 15, 2011, and also following the occurrence of certain events, the notes will be convertible at the option of the holder. Upon conversion of the notes, UDR will deliver cash and common stock, if any, based on a daily conversion value calculated on a proportionate basis for each trading day of the relevant 30 trading day observation period. The initial conversion rate for each $1,000 principal amount of notes is 26.6326 shares of our common stock, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. The Company’s Special Dividend met the criteria to adjust the conversion rate and will result in an adjusted conversion rate of 29.0207 shares of our common stock for each $1,000 of principal. In connection with the issuance of the 3.625% convertible senior notes, UDR entered into a capped call transaction with respect to its common stock. The convertible note and capped call transaction, both of which expire September 2011, must be net share settled. The maximum number of shares to be issued under the convertible notes is 6.7 million shares, subject to certain adjustment provisions. The capped call transaction combines a purchased call option with a strike price of $37.548 with a written call option with a strike price of $43.806. These transactions have no effect on the terms of the 3.625% convertible senior notes by effectively increasing the initial conversion price to $43.806 per share, representing a 40% conversion premium. The net cost of $12.6 million of the capped call transaction was included in stockholders’ equity.
 
(d)   During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company repurchased several different traunches of our own unsecured debt in the marketplace. As a result of these transactions, we retired debt with a notional value of $207.7 million for $176.2 million of cash. The gain of $26.3 million is presented as a separate component of interest expense on our Consolidated Statement of Operations. Consistent with our accounting policy, the Company expensed $1.9 million of unamortized financing costs and $3.3 million of unamortized premium on convertible debt as a result of these debt retirements.
 
(e)   The debt holders at their discretion have the ability to convert the notes on January 15, 2011, December 15, 2015, December 15, 2020, December 15, 2025 and December 15, 2030 into cash, and in certain circumstances, shares of UDR’s common stock at an initial conversion price of approximately 35.2988 shares per $1,000 principal, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. The Company’s Special Dividend met the criteria to adjust the conversion rate and will result in an adjusted conversion rate of 38.7123 shares of our common stock for each $1,000 of principal. The Company has at our discretion after providing adequate notification, the ability to redeem the instrument subsequent to January 15, 2011 for cash, and in certain instances shares of UDR’s common stock.
In May 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) affirmed the consensus of APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement),” which applies to all convertible debt instruments that have a “net settlement feature”, which means that such convertible debt instruments, by their terms, may be settled either wholly or partially in cash upon conversion. APB 14-1 requires issuers of convertible debt instruments that may be settled wholly or partially in cash upon conversion to separately account for the liability and equity components in a manner reflective of the issuers’ nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. The Company adopted FSP APB 14-1 as of January 1, 2009, and the adoption impacted the historical accounting for the 3.625% convertible senior notes due September 2011 and the 4.00% convertible senior notes due December 2035, and resulted in increased interest expense of $9.8 million, $6.6 million and $3.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
The following is a summary of short-term bank borrowings under UDR’s bank credit facility at December 31, (dollars in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Total revolving credit facility
  $ 600,000     $ 600,000  
Borrowings outstanding at end of year
          309,500  
Weighted average daily borrowings during the year ended
    84,566       222,216  
Maximum daily borrowings during the year ended
    587,400       408,400  
Weighted average interest rate during the year ended
    4.1 %     5.6 %
Weighted average interest rate at the end of the year
    N/A       5.4 %

 

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The convertible notes are convertible at the option of the holder, and as such are presented as if the holder will convert the debt instrument at the earliest available date. The aggregate maturities of unsecured debt for the five years subsequent to December 31, 2008 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
                         
    Credit     Unsecured        
    Facility     Debt     Total  
 
                       
2009
  $     $ 250,128     $ 250,128  
2010
          290,014       290,014  
2011 (a)
          408,397       408,397  
2012
          99,976       99,976  
2013
          124,976       124,976  
Thereafter
          625,171       625,171  
 
                 
 
                       
 
  $     $ 1,798,662     $ 1,798,662  
 
                 
     
(a)   The convertible debt balances have been adjusted to reflect the effect of APB 14-1. Excluding the adjustment, the total maturities in 2011 would be $421.3 million.
7. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
UDR has an effective registration statement that allows the Company to sell an undetermined number of debt and equity securities as defined in the prospectus. The Company has the ability to issue 250,000,000 shares of common stock and 50,000,000 shares of preferred shares as of December 31, 2008.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company entered into the following equity transactions for our common stock, adjusted for the Special Dividend:
    Issued 8,661,201 shares of common stock (8,000,000 shares of common stock on an unadjusted basis) in connection with an equity offering where we received gross proceeds of $194.0 million;
 
    Issued 238,544 shares of common stock (220,333 shares of common stock on an unadjusted basis) in connection with stock options exercised;
 
    Issued 444,106 shares of common stock (410,203 shares of common stock on an unadjusted basis) through the Company’s 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”), net of forfeitures;
 
    Converted 1,596,402 OP Units into Company common stock (1,474,531 shares of common stock on an unadjusted basis); and
 
    Repurchased 6,495,576 shares of common stock (5,999,700 shares of common stock on an unadjusted basis) through the Company’s stock repurchase program.
Distributions are subject to the approval of the Board of Directors and are dependent upon our strategy, financial condition and operating results. UDR distributions, inclusive and adjusted for the Special Dividend for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 totaled $2.11 and $1.22 per share ($2.28 and $1.32 per share on an unadjusted basis), respectively. For taxable years ending on or before December 31, 2009, the IRS is allowing REITS to distribute up to 90% of total distributions in common shares with the residual distributed in cash as a means of enhancing liquidity.
Preferred Stock
The Series E Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (Series E) has no stated par value and a liquidation preference of $16.61 per share. Subject to certain adjustments and conditions, each share of the Series E is convertible at any time and from time to time at the holder’s option into one share of our common stock. The holders of the Series E are entitled to vote on an as-converted basis as a single class in combination with the holders of common stock at any meeting of our stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose on which the holders of common stock are entitled to vote. The Series E has no stated maturity and is not subject to any sinking fund or any mandatory redemption. In connection with the Special Dividend, the Company reserved for issuance upon conversion of the Series E additional shares of common stock to which a holder of the Series E would have received if the holder had converted the Series E immediately prior to the record date for the Special Dividend.

 

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Distributions declared on the Series E in for the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were $1.33 and $1.33 per share, respectively. The Series E is not listed on any exchange. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, a total of 2,803,812 shares of the Series E were outstanding, respectively. As a result of the Special Dividend the Series E shares can convert into 3,035,548 shares of Company common stock.
UDR is authorized to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of our Series F Preferred Stock (Series F). The Series F may be purchased by holders of UDR’s operating partnership units, or OP Units, at a purchase price of $0.0001 per share. OP Unitholders are entitled to subscribe for and purchase one share of UDR’s Series F for each OP Unit held. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, a total of 666,293 shares of the Series F were outstanding at a value of $67. Holders of the Series F are entitled to one vote for each share of the Series F they hold, voting together with the holders of our common stock, on each matter submitted to a vote of security holders at a meeting of our stockholders. The Series F does not entitle its holders to any other rights, privileges or preferences.
In May 2007, UDR issued 5,400,000 shares of our 6.75% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (Series G). The Series G has no stated par value and a liquidation preference of $25 per share. The Series G generally has no voting rights except under certain limited circumstances and as required by law. The Series G has no stated maturity and is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and is not convertible into any of our other securities. The Series G is not redeemable prior to May 31, 2012. On or after this date, the Series G may be redeemed for cash at our option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price of $25 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends. During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company redeemed 969,300 shares of Series G for less than the liquidation preference of $25 per share resulting in a $3.1 million benefit to our net income available to common stockholders.
Distributions declared on the Series G for the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were $1.69 and $1.13 per share, respectively. The Series G is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “UDRPrG.” At December 31, 2008 and 2007, a total of 4,430,700 and 5,400,000 shares of the Series G were outstanding, respectively.
In May 2007, UDR completed the redemption of all of its outstanding 8.60% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock at $25 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends using the net proceeds from the Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock offering. Distributions declared on the Series B in 2007 were $1.07 per share.
Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan
UDR’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (the “Stock Purchase Plan”) allows common and preferred stockholders the opportunity to purchase, through the reinvestment of cash dividends, additional shares of UDR’s common stock. From inception through December 31, 2008, shareholders have elected to utilize the Stock Purchase Plan to reinvest their dividends for the equivalent of 10,780,198 shares of Company common stock adjusted for the Special Dividend. Shares in the amount of 14,219,802 were reserved for issuance under the Stock Purchase Plan as of December 31, 2008. During the year ended December 31, 2008, UDR acquired all shares issued through the open market.
Shareholder Rights Plan
UDR’s First Amended and Restated Rights Agreement was intended to protect long-term interests of stockholders in the event of an unsolicited, coercive or unfair attempt to take over UDR. The Plan authorized a dividend of one Preferred Share Purchase Right (the “Rights”) on each share of common stock outstanding. Each Right entitled the holder to purchase 1/1000 of a share of a new series of UDR’s preferred stock, designated as Series C Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, at a price to be determined upon the occurrence of the event, and for which the holder must be paid $45 should the takeover occur. Under the Plan, the Rights were exercisable if a person or group acquired more than 15% of UDR’s common stock or announced a tender offer that would result in the ownership of 15% of UDR’s common stock. The Plan and the Rights expired on February 4, 2008.

 

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8. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
In May 2001, the stockholders of UDR approved the long term incentive plan (“LTIP”), which supersedes the 1985 Stock Option Plan. The LTIP authorizes the granting of awards which may take the form of options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, dividend equivalents, other stock-based awards, and any other right or interest relating to common stock or cash incentive awards to Company directors, employees and outside trustees to promote the success of the Company by linking individual’s compensation via grants of share based payment. The Board of Directors reserved 4,000,000 shares on an unadjusted basis for issuance upon the grant or exercise of awards under the LTIP, which all can be for incentive stock option grants. The LTIP generally provides, among other things, that options are granted at exercise prices not lower than the market value of the shares on the date of grant and that options granted must be exercised within 10 years. As of December 31, 2008, there were 1,373,994 common shares available for issuance under the LTIP.
The LTIP contains change of control provisions allowing for the immediate vesting of an award upon certain events such as a merger where UDR is not the surviving entity. Upon the death or disability of an award recipient all outstanding instruments will vest and all restrictions will lapse. Further, upon the retirement of an award, all outstanding instruments will vest and all restrictions will lapse. The LTIP specifies that in the event of a capital transaction, which includes but is not limited to stock dividends, stock split, extraordinary cash dividend and spin-off the number of shares available for grant in totality or to a single individual is to be adjusted proportionately. The LTIP specifies that when a capital transaction occurs that would dilute the holder of the stock award, prior grants are to be adjusted such that the recipient is no worse as a result of the capital transaction.
Stock Option Plan
UDR has granted stock options to our employees, subject to certain conditions. Each stock option is exercisable into one common share.
A summary of UDR’s stock option activity on an unadjusted basis during the three years ended December 31, 2008 is as follows:
                                 
    Option Outstanding     Option Exercisable  
            Weighted             Weighted  
            Average             Average  
    Number of     Exercise     Number of     Exercise  
    Options     Price     Options     Price  
 
                               
Balance, January 1, 2006
    1,642,223     $ 11.84                  
Exercised
    (315,333 )     13.52                  
Forfeited
    (27,500 )     11.47                  
 
                       
Balance, December 31, 2006
    1,299,390     $ 11.44       1,299,390     $ 11.44  
 
                       
Exercised
    (213,731 )     12.25                  
Forfeited
    (7,000 )     12.76                  
 
                       
Balance, December 31, 2007
    1,078,659     $ 11.25       1,078,659     $ 11.25  
 
                       
Granted
    465,841       26.55                  
Exercised
    (220,333 )     10.67                  
Forfeited
                           
 
                       
Balance, December 31, 2008
    1,324,167     $ 16.73       1,124,167     $ 15.01  
 
                       
The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2008 was estimated at $1.73 per share. Utilizing the Black-Scholes-Merten option pricing model, the Company used the following assumptions: dividend yield of 5.3%, volatility of 23.8%, risk-free interest rate of 2.5% and an expected life of approximately 4.5 years. Total remaining compensation cost related to unvested share options as of December 31, 2008 was approximately $274,000.
The weighted average remaining contractual life on all options outstanding as of December 31, 2008 is 3.5 years. 245,611 of share options had exercise prices between $9.63 and $10.88, 523,296 of share options had exercise prices between $11.15 and $12.23, 89,419 of share options had exercise prices between $13.94 and $14.88 and 465,841 of share options had exercise prices between $26.40 and $27.17.
During the year ended December 31, 2008 we recognized $372,000 of net compensation expense related to our stock option grants.

 

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Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted stock is granted to Company employees, officers, consultants, and directors. The restricted stock is valued on the grant date based upon the market price of UDR common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recorded over the vesting period, which is generally three to four years. Restricted stock earn dividends payable in cash until the earlier of the date of the underlying restricted stock is exercised or the expiration of the underlying restricted stock award. Some of the restricted stock is performance based and is adjusted based on Company performance. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we recognized $7.0 million, $6.1 million, and $4.5 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to the amortization of restricted stock, respectively. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had issued 1,600,807 shares of restricted stock under the LTIP. Total remaining compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2008 was $8.8 million.
Profit Sharing Plan
Our profit sharing plan (the “Plan”) is a defined contribution plan covering all eligible full-time employees. Under the Plan, UDR makes discretionary profit sharing and matching contributions to the Plan as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Aggregate provisions for contributions, both matching and discretionary, which are included in UDR’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006 were $0.9 million, $0.8 million, and $0.7 million, respectively.
9. INCOME TAXES
For 2008, 2007, and 2006, UDR believes that we have complied with the REIT requirements specified in the Code. As such the REIT would generally not be subject to federal income taxes.
The following table reconciles UDR’s net income to REIT taxable income for the three years ended December 31, 2008 (dollars in thousands):
                         
    December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
GAAP net income
  $ 743,868     $ 226,730     $ 132,345  
Book to tax differences
                       
Elimination of TRS income
    44,436       13,284       (6,955 )
Non-controlling interest
    (8,714 )     (15,977 )     (11,682 )
Depreciation and amortization expense
    52,662       18,539       66,754  
Disposition of properties
    (449,598 )     (52,192 )     47,168  
Revenue recognition timing differences
    (1,897 )     (2,439 )     (1,249 )
Compensation related differences
    (1,666 )     (1,804 )     (3,264 )
Other expense timing differences
    (9,443 )     7,125       5,516  
Net operating loss
    (3,925 )     (3,925 )     (47,522 )
 
                 
 
                       
REIT taxable income before dividends
  $ 365,723     $ 189,341     $ 181,111  
 
                 
 
                       
Dividend paid deduction
  $ 365,723     $ 189,341     $ 181,111  
 
                 

 

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For income tax purposes, distributions paid to common stockholders may consist of ordinary income, qualified dividends, capital gains, unrecaptured section 1250 gains, return of capital, or a combination thereof. Distributions that exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits constitute a return of capital rather than taxable income and reduce the stockholder’s basis in their common shares. To the extent that a distribution exceeds both current and accumulated earnings and profits and the stockholder’s basis in the common shares, it generally will be treated as a gain from the sale or exchange of that stockholder’s common shares. For the three years ended December 31, 2008, taxable distributions paid per common share were taxable as follows:
                                                 
    Adjusted for the Special Dividend     Unadjusted for the Special Dividend  
    December 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006     2008     2007     2006  
 
                                               
Ordinary income
  $ 0.18     $ 0.19     $ 0.44     $ 0.20     $ 0.20     $ 0.48  
Long-term capital gain
    1.67       0.79       0.42       1.82       0.84       0.46  
Unrecaptured section 1250 gain
    0.54       0.24       0.28       0.59       0.26       0.30  
 
                                   
 
                                               
 
  $ 2.39     $ 1.22     $ 1.14     $ 2.61     $ 1.30     $ 1.24  
 
                                   
We have TRSs that are subject to state and federal income taxes. A TRS is a C-corporation which has not elected REIT status and as such is subject to United States Federal and state income tax. The components of the provision for income taxes for the three years ended December 31, 2008 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
                         
    December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Income tax (benefit)/expense
                       
Current
                       
Federal
  $ 2,421     $ (6,749 )   $ 4,596  
State
    (1,873 )     (832 )     937  
 
                 
Total current
    548       (7,581 )     5,533  
 
                 
 
                       
Deferred
                       
Federal
    (10,504 )     (908 )     (561 )
State
    83       (111 )     (119 )
 
                 
Total deferred
    (10,421 )     (1,019 )     (680 )
 
                 
 
                       
Total income tax (benefit)/expense
  $ (9,873 )   $ (8,600 )   $ 4,853  
 
                 

 

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Deferred income taxes are provided for the change in temporary differences between the basis of certain assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and income tax reporting purposes. The expected future tax rates are based upon enacted tax laws. The components of our TRSs deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows for the three years ended December 31, 2008 (dollars in thousands):
                         
    December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
Deferred tax assets:
                       
Federal and state tax attributes
  $ 21,123     $ 380     $  
Book/tax depreciation
    3,851       593       550  
Construction capitalization differences
    468       605        
Debt and interest deductions
    12,262              
Other
    270       124       254  
 
                 
Total deferred tax assets
    37,974       1,702       804  
Valuation allowance
    (15,304 )            
 
                 
Net deferred income tax assets
    22,670       1,702       804  
 
                 
 
                       
Deferred tax liabilities
                       
Investment in partnerships
    (177 )     (35 )      
Other
    (1,149 )     (281 )     (437 )
 
                 
Total deferred tax liabilities
    (1,326 )     (316 )     (437 )
 
                 
Net deferred tax asset
  $ 21,344     $ 1,386     $ 367  
 
                 
Income tax (benefit) or expense differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. statutory rate of 35% to pretax income or (loss) for the three years ended December 31, 2008, as follows (dollars in thousands):
                         
    December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Income tax (benefit)/expense
                       
U.S. federal income tax (benefit)/expense
  $ (19,019 )   $ (7,659 )   $ 4,134  
State income tax (net of federal benefit)
    (1,991 )     (943 )     818  
Valuation allowance
    11,136              
Other items
    1       2       (99 )
 
                 
 
                       
Total income tax (benefit)/expense
  $ (9,873 )   $ (8,600 )   $ 4,853  
 
                 
 
                       
Classification of income tax (benefit)/expense
                       
Continuing operations
  $ (9,713 )   $ (17,110 )   $ (8,268 )
Discontinued operations
    (160 )     8,510       13,121  
As of December 31, 2008, the Company through our TRSs had federal net loss carryovers (“NOL”) of approximately $48.5 million. Of the total NOL, $34.3 million ($12.0 million tax effected) will be carried back to previous years with the balance of $14.2 million expiring in 2028. As of December 31, 2008, the TRSs had state NOL of approximately $62.3 million, of which approximately $1.8 million begins to expire in 2012 with the remainder expiring in 2022 through 2028. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had a valuation allowance of $15.3 million for deferred tax assets primarily related to certain inter-Company debt and interest deductions.

 

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UDR adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”), on January 1, 2007. FIN 48 defines a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 requires the financial statements reflect expected future tax consequences of income tax positions presuming the taxing authorities’ full knowledge of the tax position and all relevant facts, but without considering time values. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting for interim periods, disclosure and transition.
The Company evaluates our tax position using a two-step process. First, we determine whether a tax position is more likely than not (greater than 50 percent probability) to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Then the Company will determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount of the benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement. When applicable, UDR recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2008, we reduced our recognized tax benefits under FIN 48 as a result of a change in measurement of certain items.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties is as follows (dollars in thousands):
                         
    December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Balance at beginning of year
  $ 415     $ 538     $  
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
    (415 )     (123 )      
 
                 
 
                       
Balance at end of year
  $     $ 415     $  
 
                 
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized would affect the effective rate is $0. We do not currently believe the unrecognized tax benefits will change significantly within the next 12 months.
We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the provision for income taxes. During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recognized $0 in interest and penalties. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, UDR had $0 and $62,000 of interest and penalties accrued, respectively.
The Company files income tax returns in federal and various state jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal, state and local income tax examination by tax authorities for years prior to 2005.

 

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10. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, notes receivable, escrow 1031 exchange funds, accounts receivable, prepaids, real estate taxes payable, accrued interest payable, security deposits and prepaid rent, distributions payable and accounts payable approximated their carrying values because of the short term nature of these instruments. The estimated fair values of other financial instruments were determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair values. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize on the disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The carrying amounts and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, where different, as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
    Carrying     Estimated     Carrying     Estimated  
    Amounts     Fair Value     Amounts     Fair Value  
 
                               
Debt instruments
                               
Secured debt
  $ 1,462,471     $ 1,419,411     $ 1,137,936     $ 1,159,503  
Unsecured debt
    1,798,662       1,183,098       2,341,895       2,288,542  
 
                               
Derivative contracts
                               
Interest rate swaps
  $ (11,011 )   $ (11,011 )   $     $  
Interest rate caps
    62       62              
Due to the terms of the notes receivables, the Company considered the note receivables to have a carrying amount equal to the estimated fair value. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company did not recognize an impairment on any of our notes receivable.
The Company has the ability to make public and private investments in equity and debt securities. The publicly traded equity securities would be classified as “available-for-sale securities” and carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of stockholders equity. For publicly traded debt securities, the Company will initially assess our intent and ability to hold the debt instrument before determining the classification as either “held-to-maturity securities” which would be reported at their amortized cost or as an available-for-sale security. Private investments for which we lack the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for at cost.
Derivative Instruments
The Company enters into interest rate swap and interest rate cap instruments as a means to mitigating exposure to the impact of interest rate fluctuation associated with our variable rate debt. In order to reduce the risk of our counterparty defaulting on our derivative instruments, the Company will only enter into contracts with major financial institutions that maintain investment grade status. We do not hold derivative instruments for trading or other speculative purposes
The Company accounts for its derivative instruments in accordance with SFAS No 133 “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” and SFAS No. 138, “Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities.” At December 31, 2008, UDR’s derivative financial instruments for our consolidated subsidiaries include swap agreements on eight interest rate hedges that we designate for hedge accounting, one interest rate cap that we designate for hedge accounting and four interest rate caps for which no designation was made. In addition, two of our unconsolidated joint ventures in which UDR has a 49% interest have a total of five interest rate swap agreements that are designated as cash flow hedges. In all cases the underlying debt instrument has a variable interest rate which the Company is attempting to fix or mitigate our exposure to interest rates rising about a pre-determined rate. These swaps and caps qualify for cash flow hedges for financial reporting purposes. For derivative instruments that we designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings during the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument in excess of the cumulative change in the present value of future cash flows of the hedged item, if any, is recognized in current earnings during the period of change.

 

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The fair value of UDR’s derivative instruments is reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at its current fair value. Estimated fair values for interest rate swaps and interest rate caps rely on prevailing market interest rates. The fair value amount should not be viewed in isolation, but rather in relation to the value of the underlying hedged transaction and investment and to the overall reduction in exposure to adverse fluctuations in interest rates. The interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements are designated with a portion of the principal balance and term of a specific debt obligation. The interest rate swap involves the periodic exchange of payments over the life of the related agreement. Amounts received or paid on the interest rate swap are recorded on an accrual basis as an adjustment to the related interest expense of the outstanding debt based on the accrual method of accounting. The related amounts payable to and receivable from counterparties are included in other liabilities and other assets, respectively.
The following table presents the fair value of UDR’s derivative financial instruments outstanding for the consolidated subsidiaries, based on external market quotations, as of December 31, 2008 (dollars in thousands):
                                 
                            Carrying  
            Earliest     Latest     and  
    Notional     Maturity     Maturity     Estimated  
    Amount     Date     Date     Fair Value  
 
                               
Cash flow hedges
                               
Interest rate swaps
  $ 498,808     October 2009   December 2011   $ (11,011 )
Interest rate caps
    197,666     April 2010   December 2012     62  
 
                           
 
                               
Total cash flow hedges
  $ 696,474                     $ (10,949 )
 
                           
During the year ended December 31, 2008, UDR recognized $11.9 of unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments in other comprehensive income.
Effective January 1, 2008, UDR adopted SFAS 157, which defines fair value based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. SFAS 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which are described below:
    Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access.
    Level 2 — Observable inputs other than prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated with observable market data.
    Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The Company’s’ derivative contracts are the only assets or liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value using the SFAS 157 hierarchy. The derivative contracts use the Level 2 hierarchy and are recorded in “Other assets” and in “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet for $62,000 and $11.0 million, respectively as of December 31, 2008.

 

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11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments
Real Estate Under Development
The Company is committed to completing our real estate projects under development and our development joint ventures. The following summarizes the Company’s real estate commitments as of December 31, 2008 (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    December 31, 2008  
    Number of     Costs Incurred     Expected Costs     Ownership  
    Properties     to Date     to Complete     Stake  
 
                               
Wholly owned — under development
    7     $ 186,823     $ 189,077       100 %
Joint ventures
                               
Unconsolidated joint ventures (a)
    1       43,128       5,872       49 %
 
                           
 
                               
 
          $ 229,951     $ 194,949          
 
                           
     
(a)   Costs incurred to date and expected costs to complete are based on our 49% equity interest of the joint venture.
UDR has entered into a contract with a third party to purchase an apartment community upon completion of its development, which the Company will record at that time. Provided that the developer meet certain conditions, UDR will purchase this community for an aggregate of approximately $29.0 million. This apartment community is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2009.
The Company may be required to make additional capital contributions to certain of our joint ventures should additional capital contributions be necessary to fund development costs or operating shortfalls.
Ground and Other Leases
UDR owns six communities which are subject to ground leases expiring between 2019 and 2103. In addition, UDR is party to various operating leases related to office space rented by the Company with expiration dates though 2013. The leases are accounted for in accordance with SFAS 13. Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2008 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
                 
    Ground     Office  
    Leases (a)     Space  
 
               
2009
  $ 4,520     $ 1,264  
2010
    4,520       1,142  
2011
    4,520       836  
2012
    4,520       541  
2013
    4,520       252  
Thereafter
    293,702        
 
           
 
               
 
  $ 316,302     $ 4,035  
 
           
     
(a)   For purposes of our ground lease contracts, the Company uses the minimum lease payment, if stated in the agreement. For ground lease agreements where there is a reset provision based on the communities appraised value or consumer price index but does not included a specified minimum lease payment, the Company uses the current rent over the remainder of the lease term.
UDR incurred $4.1 million, $1.4 million and $1.2 million of ground rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively. The Company incurred $1.4 million, $1.1 million and $703,000 of rent expense related to office space for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.

 

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Contingencies
Series C Out-Performance Program
In May 2005, the stockholders of UDR approved a new Out-Performance Program and the first series of new Out-Performance Partnership Shares under the program are the Series C Out-Performance Units (the “Series C Program”) pursuant to which certain executive officers and other key employees of UDR (the “Series C Participants”) were given the opportunity to invest indirectly in UDR by purchasing interests in UDR Out-Performance III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Series C LLC”), the only asset of which is a special class of partnership units of the Operating Partnership (“Series C Out-Performance Partnership Shares” or “Series C OPPSs”). The purchase price for the Series C OPPSs was determined by the Compensation Committee of UDR’s Board of Directors to be $750,000, assuming 100% participation, and was based upon the advice of an independent valuation expert. UDR’s performance for the Series C Program was measured over the 36-month period from June 1, 2005 to May 30, 2008.
The Series C Program was designed to provide participants with the possibility of substantial returns on their investment if the cumulative total return on UDR’s common stock, as measured by the cumulative amount of dividends paid plus share price appreciation during the measurement period is at least the equivalent of a 36% total return, or 12% annualized (“Minimum Return”).
At the conclusion of the measurement period, if UDR’s cumulative total return satisfies these criteria, the Series C LLC as holder of the Series C OPPSs will receive (for the indirect benefit of the Series C Participants as holders of interests in the Series C LLC) distributions and allocations of income and loss from the Operating Partnership equal to the distributions and allocations that would be received on the number of OP Units obtained by:
i. determining the amount by which the cumulative total return of UDR’s common stock over the measurement period exceeds the Minimum Return (such excess being the “Excess Return”);
ii. multiplying 2% of the Excess Return by UDR’s market capitalization (defined as the average number of shares outstanding over the 36-month period, including common stock, common stock equivalents and OP Units); and
iii. dividing the number obtained in clause (ii) by the market value of one share of UDR’s common stock on the valuation date, computed as the volume-weighted average price per day of common stock for the 20 trading days immediately preceding the valuation date.
For the Series C OPPSs, the number determined pursuant to (ii) above is capped at 1% of market capitalization.
If, on the valuation date, the cumulative total return of UDR’s common stock does not meet the Minimum Return, then the Series C Participants will forfeit their entire initial investment.
At the conclusion of the measurement period, May 30, 2008, the total cumulative return on UDR’s common stock did not meet the minimum return threshold. As a result, there were no payouts under the Series C OPPSs program and the investment in the amount of $532,500 made by the holders of the Series C OPPSs was forfeited.
Series D Out-Performance Program
In February 2006, the Board of Directors of UDR approved the Series D Out-Performance Program (the “Series D Program”) pursuant to which certain executive officers of UDR (the “Series D Participants”) were given the opportunity to invest indirectly in UDR by purchasing interests in UDR Out-Performance IV, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Series D LLC”), the only asset of which is a special class of partnership units of the Operating Partnership (“Series D Out-Performance Partnership Shares” or “Series D OPPSs”). The Series D Program is part of the New Out-Performance Program approved by UDR’s stockholders in May 2005. The Series D LLC has agreed to sell 830,000 membership units unadjusted for the Special Dividend to certain members of UDR’s senior management at a price of $1.00 per unit. The aggregate purchase price of $830,000 for the Series D OPPSs, assuming 100% participation, is based upon the advice of an independent valuation expert. The Series D Program measured the cumulative total return on our common stock over the 36-month period beginning January 1, 2006 and ending December 31, 2008.
The Series D Program is designed to provide participants with the possibility of substantial returns on their investment if the cumulative total return on UDR’s common stock, as measured by the cumulative amount of dividends paid plus share price appreciation during the measurement period is at least the equivalent of a 36% total return, or 12% annualized (“Minimum Return”).

 

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At the conclusion of the measurement period, if UDR’s cumulative total return satisfies these criteria, the Series D LLC as holder of the Series D OPPSs will receive (for the indirect benefit of the Series D Participants as holders of interests in the Series D LLC) distributions and allocations of income and loss from the Operating Partnership equal to the distributions and allocations that would be received on the number of OP Units obtained by:
i. determining the amount by which the cumulative total return of UDR’s common stock over the measurement period exceeds the Minimum Return (such excess being the “Excess Return”);
ii. multiplying 2% of the Excess Return by UDR’s market capitalization (defined as the average number of shares outstanding over the 36-month period, including common stock, OP Units, common stock equivalents and OP Units); and
iii. dividing the number obtained in (ii) by the market value of one share of UDR’s common stock on the valuation date, computed as the volume-weighted average price per day of the common stock for the 20 trading days immediately preceding the valuation date.
For the Series D OPPSs, the number determined pursuant to clause (ii) above is capped at 1% of market capitalization.
If, on the valuation date, the cumulative total return of UDR’s common stock does not meet the Minimum Return, then the Series D Participants will forfeit their entire initial investment.
At the conclusion of the measurement period, December 31, 2008, the total cumulative return on UDR’s common stock did not meet the minimum return threshold. As a result, there were no payouts under the Series D OPPSs program and the investment in the amount of $443,267 made by the holders of the Series D OPPSs was forfeited.
Series E Out-Performance Program
In February 2007, the Board of Directors of UDR approved the Series E Out-Performance Program (the “Series E Program”) pursuant to which certain executive officers of UDR (the “Series E Participants”) were given the opportunity to invest indirectly in UDR by purchasing interests in UDR Out-Performance V, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Series E LLC”), the only asset of which is a special class of partnership units of the Operating Partnership (“Series E Out-Performance Partnership Shares” or “Series E OPPSs”). The Series E Program is part of the New Out-Performance Program approved by UDR’s stockholders in May 2005. The Series E LLC has agreed to sell 805,000 membership units unadjusted for the Special Dividend to certain members of UDR’s senior management at a price of $1.00 per unit. The aggregate purchase price of $805,000 for the Series E OPPSs, assuming 100% participation, is based upon the advice of an independent valuation expert. The Series E Program will measure the cumulative total return on our common stock over the 36-month period beginning January 1, 2007 and ending December 31, 2009.
The Series E Program is designed to provide participants with the possibility of substantial returns on their investment if the cumulative total return on UDR’s common stock, as measured by the cumulative amount of dividends paid plus share price appreciation during the measurement period is at least the equivalent of a 36% total return, or 12% annualized (“Minimum Return”).
At the conclusion of the measurement period, if UDR’s cumulative total return satisfies these criteria, the Series E LLC as holder of the Series E OPPSs will receive (for the indirect benefit of the Series E Participants as holders of interests in the Series E LLC) distributions and allocations of income and loss from the Operating Partnership equal to the distributions and allocations that would be received on the number of OP Units obtained by:
i. determining the amount by which the cumulative total return of UDR’s common stock over the measurement period exceeds the Minimum Return (such excess being the “Excess Return”);
ii. multiplying 2% of the Excess Return by UDR’s market capitalization (defined as the average number of shares outstanding over the 36-month period, including common stock, OP Units, common stock equivalents and OP Units); and
iii. dividing the number obtained in (ii) by the market value of one share of UDR’s common stock on the valuation date, computed as the volume-weighted average price per day of the common stock for the 20 trading days immediately preceding the valuation date.
For the Series E OPPSs, the number determined pursuant to clause (ii) above is capped at 0.5% of market capitalization.
If, on the valuation date, the cumulative total return of UDR’s common stock does not meet the Minimum Return, then the Series E Participants will forfeit their entire initial investment.

 

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Based on the results through December 31, 2008, no Series E OPPSs would have been issued had the Program terminated on that date. However, since the ultimate determination of Series E OPPSs to be issued will not occur until December 31, 2009, and the number of Series E OPPSs is determinable only upon future events, the financial statements do not reflect any impact for these events. Accordingly, the contingently issuable Series E OPPSs will only be included in basic earnings per share after the measurement period has ended and the applicable hurdle has been met. Furthermore, the Series E OPPSs will only be included in common stock and common stock equivalents in the calculation of diluted earnings per share after the hurdle has been met at the end of the reporting period (if any), assuming the measurement period ended at the end of the reporting period.
Litigation and Legal Matters
UDR is subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. UDR cannot determine the ultimate liability with respect to such legal proceedings and claims at this time. UDR believes that such liability, to the extent not provided for through insurance or otherwise, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.
12. REPORTABLE SEGMENTS
FASB Statement No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” (FAS 131”), requires that segment disclosures present the measure(s) used by the chief operating decision maker to decide how to allocate resources and for purposes of assessing such segments’ performance. UDR’s chief operating decision maker is comprised of several members of its executive management team who use several generally accepted industry financial measures to assess the performance of the business for our reportable operating segments.
UDR owns and operates multifamily apartment communities throughout the United States that generate rental and other property related income through the leasing of apartment homes to a diverse base of tenants. The primary financial measures for UDR’s apartment communities are rental income and net operating income (“NOI”). Rental income represents gross market rent less adjustments for concessions, vacancy loss and bad debt. NOI is defined as total revenues less direct property operating expenses. UDR’s chief operating decision maker utilizes NOI as the key measure of segment profit or loss.
UDR’s two reportable segments are same communities and non-mature/other communities:
    Same communities represent those communities acquired, developed, and stabilized prior to January 1, 2007, and held as of December 31, 2008. A comparison of operating results from the prior year is meaningful as these communities were owned and had stabilized occupancy and operating expenses as of the beginning of the prior year, there is no plan to conduct substantial redevelopment activities, and the community is not held for disposition within the current year. A community is considered to have stabilized occupancy once it achieves 90% occupancy for at least three consecutive months.
    Non-mature/other communities represent those communities that were acquired or developed in 2006, 2007 or 2008, sold properties, redevelopment properties, properties classified as real estate held for disposition, condominium conversion properties, joint venture properties, properties managed by third parties, and the non-apartment components of mixed use properties.
Management evaluates the performance of each of our apartment communities on a same community and non-mature/other basis, as well as individually and geographically. This is consistent with the aggregation criteria of FAS 131 as each of our apartment communities generally has similar economic characteristics, facilities, services, and tenants. Therefore, the Company’s reportable segments have been aggregated by geography in a manner identical to that which is provided to the chief operating decision maker.
All revenues are from external customers and no single tenant or related group of tenants contributed 10% or more of UDR’s total revenues during the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, or 2006.

 

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The accounting policies applicable to the operating segments described above are the same as those described in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” The following table details rental income and NOI for UDR’s reportable segments, for both continuing and discontinued operations, for the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, and reconciles NOI to net income per the consolidated statement of operations (dollars in thousands):
                         
    December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Reportable apartment home segment rental income
                       
Same Communities
                       
Western Region
  $ 207,778     $ 196,796     $ 182,168  
Mid-Atlantic Region
    101,594       98,208       93,499  
Southeastern Region
    102,093       102,317       98,446  
Southwestern Region
    18,282       17,594       13,767  
Non-Mature communities/Other
    173,258       323,891       349,034  
 
                 
 
                       
Total segment and consolidated rental income
  $ 603,005     $ 738,806     $ 736,914  
 
                 
 
                       
Reportable apartment home segment NOI
                       
Same Communities
                       
Western Region
  $ 146,973     $ 137,114     $ 124,323  
Mid-Atlantic Region
    70,064       68,569       63,988  
Southeastern Region
    64,310       65,433       61,492  
Southwestern Region
    11,993       11,469       9,039  
Non-Mature communities/Other
    103,647       196,526       205,840  
 
                 
 
                       
Total segment and consolidated NOI
    396,987       479,111       464,682  
 
                 
 
                       
Reconciling items:
                       
Non-property income
    27,190       4,321       3,590  
Property management
    (16,583 )     (20,315 )     (20,265 )
Other operating expenses
    (4,569 )     (1,442 )     (1,238 )
Hurricane related expenses
    (1,310 )            
Depreciation and amortization
    (251,984 )     (257,450 )     (243,889 )
Interest
    (145,630 )     (184,597 )     (184,906 )
General and administrative
    (47,179 )     (39,566 )     (31,198 )
Severance costs and other restructuring charges
    (653 )     (4,333 )      
Other depreciation and amortization
    (4,866 )     (3,588 )     (3,045 )
Loss from unconsolidated entities
    (3,612 )     (1,589 )      
Tax benefit for the TRS
    9,713       17,110       8,268  
Non-controlling interests
    (46,077 )     (11,601 )     (7,237 )
Net gain on the sale of depreciable property
    786,364       239,068       140,346  
 
                 
 
                       
Net income attributable to UDR, Inc.
  $ 697,791     $ 215,129     $ 125,108  
 
                 
Included within non-property income as other income for the year ended December 31, 2008 is net revenue of $2.9 million for insurance related recoveries owed from one of the Company’s joint ventures as a result of Hurricane Ike.

 

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The following table details the assets of UDR’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 (dollars in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Reportable apartment home segment assets
               
Same Communities
               
Western Region
  $ 1,853,430     $ 1,820,519  
Mid-Atlantic Region
    650,403       619,307  
Southeastern Region
    732,593       713,039  
Southwestern Region
    151,529       148,358  
Non-Mature communities/Other
    2,443,798       2,655,258  
 
           
 
               
Total segment assets
    5,831,753       5,956,481  
Accumulated depreciation
    (1,078,689 )     (1,371,759 )
 
           
 
               
Total segment assets — net book value
    4,753,064       4,584,722  
 
               
Reconciling items:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
    12,740       3,219  
Restricted cash
    7,726       4,847  
Deferred financing costs, net
    29,658       34,136  
Notes receivable
    207,450       12,655  
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
    47,048       48,264  
Escrow — 1031 exchange funds
          56,217  
Other assets
    85,842       53,730  
Other assets — real estate held for disposition
    767       3,331  
 
           
 
               
Total consolidated assets
  $ 5,144,295     $ 4,801,121  
 
           
Capital expenditures related to our same communities totaled $69.5 million, $70.5 million, and $85.7 million for the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively. Capital expenditures related to our non-mature/other communities totaled $14.1 million, $65.6 million, and $112.7 million for the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.
Markets included in the above geographic segments are as follows:
  i.   Western — Orange Co., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, San Diego, Monterey Peninsula, Inland Empire, Sacramento and Portland.
 
  ii.   Mid-Atlantic — Metropolitan DC, Baltimore, Richmond, Norfolk, and Other Mid-Atlantic.
 
  iii.   Southeastern — Tampa, Orlando, Nashville, Jacksonville, and Other Florida.
 
  iv.   Southwestern — Phoenix, Austin and Dallas.
13. RESTRUCTURING CHARGES
As of December 31, 2008, UDR restructured our operations resulting in a severance related charge of $912,000 reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations within the line item “Severance costs and other restructuring charges”. The Company incurred this charge as a result of the restructuring and consolidating 24 positions as we continue to focus on obtaining efficiencies.
As of December 31, 2007, UDR has established Highlands Ranch, Colorado, as its corporate headquarters and realigned resources to improve efficiencies and centralize job functions in fewer locations. As a result of a comprehensive review of the organizational structure of UDR and its operations, UDR recorded a charge of $3.6 million during the fourth quarter of 2007 related to workforce reductions, relocation costs, and other related costs.

 

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14. UNAUDITED SUMMARIZED CONSOLIDATED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA
Selected consolidated quarterly financial data for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 is summarized in the table below adjusted for the Special Dividend. The amounts have been restated from previously disclosed amounts due to the disposal of properties in 2008 and 2007 whose results of operations were reclassified to discontinued operations in our Consolidated Statement of Operations, with restated amounts that reflect discontinued operations as of December 31, 2008 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):
                                 
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31,     June 30,     September 30,     December 31,  
2008
                               
 
                               
Rental income (a)
  $ 126,586     $ 139,955     $ 147,414     $ 149,453  
Loss before discontinued operations
    (15,828 )     (13,682 )     (16,279 )     (17,953 )
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations
    788,283       13,315       6,748       (763 )
Net income/(loss) available to common stockholders
    720,510       (3,886 )     (8,945 )     (18,970 )
 
                               
Earnings/(loss) per share (b)
                               
Basic and diluted
  $ 5.05     $ (0.03 )   $ (0.07 )   $ (0.13 )
 
                               
2007
                               
 
                               
Rental income (a)
  $ 122,629     $ 124,745     $ 129,116     $ 125,128  
(Loss)/income before discontinued operations
    (15,410 )     (14,850 )     (14,932 )     89,852  
Income from discontinued operations
    47,324       19,939       96,490       18,317  
Net income available to common stockholders
    26,436       (744 )     74,015       99,251  
 
                               
Earnings per share (b)
                               
Basic and diluted
  $ 0.18     $ (0.01 )   $ 0.51     $ 0.69  
 
     
(a)   Represents rental income from continuing operations.
 
(b)   Quarterly earnings per common share amounts may not total to the annual amounts due to rounding and to the change in the number of common shares outstanding due to the Special Dividend.

 

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UDR, INC.
SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE OWNED
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
                                                                                         
                                    Cost of                                
                                    Improvements                                
                                    Capitalized     Gross Amount at Which                          
            Initial Costs     Total     Subsequent     Carried at Close of Period                          
            Land and     Buildings     Initial     to Acquisition     Land and     Buildings     Total                    
            Land     and     Acquisition     Costs     Land     and     Carrying     Accumulated     Date of     Date  
    Encumbrances     Improvements     Improvements     Costs     (net of Disposals)     Improvements     Improvements     Value     Depreciation     Construction (a)     Acquired  
 
                                                                                       
WESTERN REGION
                                                                                       
Harbor at Mesa Verde
    46,627,165       20,476,466       28,537,805       49,014,271       9,791,298       20,547,605       38,257,964       58,805,569       12,822,771       2003     Jun-03
Pine Brook Village
    18,270,000       2,581,763       25,504,086       28,085,849       4,115,340       3,824,329       28,376,860       32,201,189       9,079,709       1979     Jun-03
Pacific Shores
    19,145,000       7,345,226       22,623,676       29,968,902       6,913,534       7,419,319       29,463,117       36,882,436       9,408,035       2003     Jun-03
Huntington Vista
    30,965,678       8,055,452       22,485,746       30,541,198       5,149,632       8,135,333       27,555,497       35,690,830       8,920,541       1970     Jun-03
Pacific Palms
          12,285,059       6,236,783       18,521,842       1,414,510       12,564,600       7,371,752       19,936,352       2,837,591       1962     Jul-03
Missions at Back Bay
          229,270       14,128,763       14,358,033       1,221,487       10,649,846       4,929,674       15,579,520       1,621,240       1969     Dec-03
Huntington Villas
    55,202,275       61,535,270       18,017,201       79,552,471       3,348,278       61,763,964       21,136,785       82,900,749       5,964,074       1972     Sep-04
Vista Del Rey
    16,540,000       10,670,493       7,079,834       17,750,327       1,248,967       10,709,442       8,289,852       18,999,294       2,274,504       1969     Sep-04
Foxborough
          12,070,601       6,186,721       18,257,322       1,762,836       12,121,983       7,898,175       20,020,158       2,026,595       1969     Sep-04
Coronado at Newport — North
    52,221,541       62,515,901       46,082,056       108,597,957       12,018,030       62,670,682       57,945,305       120,615,987       15,113,098       2000     Oct-04
Villa Venetia
          70,825,106       24,179,600       95,004,706       3,778,394       70,879,030       27,904,070       98,783,100       7,566,412       1972     Oct-04
The Arboretum
    21,240,631       29,562,468       14,283,292       43,845,760       4,533,542       29,644,247       18,735,055       48,379,302       4,967,222       1970     Oct-04
Coronado South
    92,753,546       58,784,785       50,066,757       108,851,542       9,118,282       58,974,367       58,995,457       117,969,824       14,079,831       2000     Mar-05
Pine Brook Village II
          25,921,787       60,961,271       86,883,058       266,975       25,922,661       61,227,372       87,150,033       2,227,099       1975     May-08
ORANGE COUNTY, CA
    352,965,836       382,859,647       346,373,591       729,233,238       64,681,105       395,827,408       398,086,935       793,914,343       98,908,722                  
2000 Post Street
          9,860,627       44,577,506       54,438,133       5,225,601       10,106,983       49,556,751       59,663,734       13,769,271       1987     Dec-98
Birch Creek
          4,365,315       16,695,509       21,060,824       4,358,282       4,944,899       20,474,207       25,419,106       8,120,009       1968     Dec-98
Highlands Of Marin
          5,995,838       24,868,350       30,864,188       4,859,954       6,220,117       29,504,025       35,724,142       9,304,072       1991     Dec-98
Marina Playa
          6,224,383       23,916,283       30,140,666       5,769,432       6,629,286       29,280,812       35,910,098       11,179,873       1971     Dec-98
2000 Post III
          1,755,643       7,753,477       9,509,120       2,914,683       3,290,476       9,133,327       12,423,803       1,455,705       2006     Dec-98
Crossroads Apartments
          4,811,488       10,169,520       14,981,008       2,832,473       4,958,256       12,855,225       17,813,481       3,573,488       1986     Jul-04
River Terrace
          22,161,247       40,137,141       62,298,388       716,938       22,166,342       40,848,984       63,015,326       8,296,603       2005     Aug-05
Bay Terrace
          8,544,559       14,457,992       23,002,551       1,000,294       8,544,559       15,458,286       24,002,845       2,922,660       1962     Oct-05
Lake Pines
          14,031,365       30,536,982       44,568,347       3,446,213       14,031,365       33,983,195       48,014,560       6,020,176       1972     Nov-05
Highlands of Marin Phase II
          5,352,554       18,558,883       23,911,437       284,292       5,352,843       18,842,886       24,195,729       1,353,311       1968     Oct-07
Edgewater
          30,657,223       83,872,319       114,529,542       389,419       30,657,223       84,261,738       114,918,961       4,022,225       2007     Mar-08
Almaden Lake Village
    27,000,000       593,923       49,906,070       50,499,993       664,257       593,923       50,570,327       51,164,250       1,389,499       1999     Jul-08
SAN FRANCISCO, CA
    27,000,000       114,354,165       365,450,032       479,804,197       32,461,838       117,496,272       394,769,763       512,266,035       71,406,892                  
The Crest
    57,731,579       21,953,480       67,808,654       89,762,134       5,729,809       22,047,615       73,444,328       95,491,943       18,852,997       1989     Sep-04
Rosebeach
          8,414,478       17,449,593       25,864,071       1,216,180       8,427,922       18,652,329       27,080,251       4,845,357       1970     Sep-04
The Villas @ San Dimas
    13,025,917       8,180,619       16,735,364       24,915,983       1,982,599       8,238,085       18,660,497       26,898,582       4,743,188       1981     Oct-04
The Villas at Bonita
    8,286,853       4,498,439       11,699,117       16,197,556       641,200       4,518,624       12,320,132       16,838,756       3,123,682       1981     Oct-04
Ocean Villa
    9,330,860       5,134,982       12,788,885       17,923,867       836,247       5,169,382       13,590,732       18,760,114       3,329,200       1965     Oct-04
Pine@Sixth
          5,805,234       6,305,030       12,110,264       11,665,827       6,208,333       17,567,758       23,776,091       5,987,073       1987     Aug-06
Tierra Del Rey
          39,585,534       36,678,725       76,264,259       993,903       39,588,890       37,669,272       77,258,162       2,275,767       1999     Dec-07
Jefferson at Marina del Rey
    110,317,893       55,651,137             55,651,137       83,658,258       61,121,986       78,187,409       139,309,395       1,145,236       2008     Sep-07
LOS ANGELES, CA
    198,693,102       149,223,903       169,465,368       318,689,271       106,724,023       155,320,837       270,092,457       425,413,294       44,302,500                  
Arbor Terrace
    13,206,912       1,453,342       11,994,972       13,448,314       2,116,836       1,692,212       13,872,938       15,565,150       5,700,649       1996     Mar-98
Aspen Creek
          1,177,714       9,115,789       10,293,503       1,390,169       1,403,221       10,280,451       11,683,672       3,673,207       1996     Dec-98
Crowne Pointe
    11,002,109       2,486,252       6,437,256       8,923,508       3,303,263       2,663,431       9,563,340       12,226,771       3,927,008       1987     Dec-98
Hilltop
    8,545,060       2,173,969       7,407,628       9,581,597       2,489,440       2,470,052       9,600,985       12,071,037       3,576,263       1985     Dec-98
The Hawthorne
    26,825,490       6,473,970       30,226,079       36,700,049       1,124,988       6,476,060       31,348,977       37,825,037       6,576,701       2003     Jul-05
The Kennedy
    23,450,000       6,178,440       22,306,568       28,485,008       595,366       6,195,752       22,884,622       29,080,374       4,185,965       2005     Nov-05
Borgata
    9,832,672       6,378,894       24,569,021       30,947,915       50,884       6,378,894       24,619,905       30,998,799       2,337,091       2001     May-07
Hearthstone at Merrill Creek
          6,848,144       30,922,147       37,770,291       482,574       6,848,144       31,404,721       38,252,865       1,159,161       2000     May-08
Island Square
          21,284,245       89,389,087       110,673,332       658,390       21,284,245       90,047,477       111,331,722       2,489,999       2007     Jul-08
SEATTLE, WA
    92,862,243       54,454,970       232,368,547       286,823,517       12,211,910       55,412,011       243,623,416       299,035,427       33,626,044                  
Rancho Vallecitos
    18,356,242       3,302,967       10,877,286       14,180,253       4,443,720       3,704,506       14,919,467       18,623,973       8,067,591       1988     Oct-99
Presidio at Rancho Del Oro
    13,325,000       9,163,939       22,694,492       31,858,431       4,031,464       9,413,960       26,475,935       35,889,895       7,506,010       1987     Jun-04
Villas at Carlsbad
    8,884,650       6,516,636       10,717,601       17,234,237       1,003,765       6,594,460       11,643,542       18,238,002       2,892,699       1966     Oct-04
Summit at Mission Bay
          22,598,529       17,181,401       39,779,930       3,273,173       22,599,544       20,453,559       43,053,103       5,250,663       1953     Nov-04
Milazzo
          15,920,401       35,577,599       51,498,000       3,874,086       15,928,537       39,443,549       55,372,086       6,192,902       1986     May-06
SAN DIEGO, CA
    40,565,892       57,502,472       97,048,379       154,550,851       16,626,208       58,241,007       112,936,052       171,177,059       29,909,865                  

 

69


 

                                                                                         
                                    Cost of                                
                                    Improvements                                
                                    Capitalized     Gross Amount at Which                          
            Initial Costs     Total     Subsequent     Carried at Close of Period                          
            Land and     Buildings     Initial     to Acquisition     Land and     Buildings     Total                    
            Land     and     Acquisition     Costs     Land     and     Carrying     Accumulated     Date of     Date  
    Encumbrances     Improvements     Improvements     Costs     (net of Disposals)     Improvements     Improvements     Value     Depreciation     Construction (a)     Acquired  
 
                                                                                       
WESTERN REGION (cont)
                                                                                       
Boronda Manor
          1,946,423       8,981,742       10,928,165       7,629,320       3,041,780       15,515,705       18,557,485       4,804,928       1979     Dec-98
Garden Court
          888,038       4,187,950       5,075,988       3,885,641       1,423,967       7,537,662       8,961,629       2,370,929       1973     Dec-98
Cambridge Court
          3,038,877       12,883,312       15,922,189       12,060,357       5,062,488       22,920,058       27,982,546       7,374,622       1974     Dec-98
Laurel Tree
          1,303,902       5,115,356       6,419,258       4,937,960       2,016,282       9,340,936       11,357,218       2,886,843       1977     Dec-98
The Pointe At Harden Ranch
          6,388,446       23,853,534       30,241,980       22,071,005       9,581,116       42,731,869       52,312,985       12,736,266       1986     Dec-98
The Pointe At Northridge
          2,043,736       8,028,443       10,072,179       8,418,991       3,146,967       15,344,203       18,491,170       4,680,276       1979     Dec-98
The Pointe At Westlake
          1,329,064       5,334,004       6,663,068       4,707,147       2,035,268       9,334,947       11,370,215       2,834,219       1975     Dec-98
MONTEREY PENINSULA, CA
          16,938,486       68,384,341       85,322,827       63,710,421       26,307,868       122,725,380       149,033,248       37,688,083                  
Verano at Rancho Cucamonga Town Square
    53,773,090       13,557,235       3,645,406       17,202,641       51,440,123       22,855,892       45,786,872       68,642,764       10,717,210       2006     Oct-02
Windemere at Sycamore Highland
    23,434,559       5,809,490       23,450,119       29,259,609       1,467,527       5,888,296       24,838,840       30,727,136       9,076,736       2001     Nov-02
Waterstone at Murrieta
          10,597,865       34,702,760       45,300,625       4,281,670       10,746,565       38,835,730       49,582,295       10,318,901       1990     Nov-04
INLAND EMPIRE, CA
    77,207,649       29,964,590       61,798,285       91,762,875       57,189,320       39,490,753       109,461,442       148,952,195       30,112,847                  
Foothills Tennis Village
    17,408,221       3,617,507       14,542,028       18,159,535       4,786,343       3,904,692       19,041,186       22,945,878       7,816,954       1988     Dec-98
Woodlake Village
    31,154,663       6,772,438       26,966,750       33,739,188       10,061,167       7,546,508       36,253,847       43,800,355       14,815,603       1979     Dec-98
SACRAMENTO, CA
    48,562,884       10,389,945       41,508,778       51,898,723       14,847,510       11,451,200       55,295,033       66,746,233       22,632,557                  
Tualatin Heights
    11,312,843       3,272,585       9,134,089       12,406,674       4,343,317       3,539,536       13,210,455       16,749,991       5,030,170       1989     Dec-98
Andover Park
          2,916,576       16,994,580       19,911,156       5,138,562       3,018,433       22,031,285       25,049,718       5,990,727       1989     Sep-04
Hunt Club
          6,014,006       14,870,326       20,884,332       3,631,613       6,116,984       18,398,961       24,515,945       5,015,326       1985     Sep-04
PORTLAND, OR
    11,312,843       12,203,167       40,998,995       53,202,162       13,113,492       12,674,953       53,640,701       66,315,654       16,036,223                  
 
                                                                     
TOTAL WESTERN REGION
    849,170,449       827,891,345       1,423,396,316       2,251,287,661       381,565,827       872,222,309       1,760,631,179       2,632,853,488       384,623,733                  
 
                                                                     
 
                                                                                       
MID-ATLANTIC REGION
                                                                                       
Dominion Lake Ridge
    23,402,597       2,366,061       8,386,439       10,752,500       4,420,872       2,679,780       12,493,592       15,173,372       6,131,273       1987     Feb-96
Dominion Middle Ridge
    34,977,371       3,311,468       13,283,047       16,594,515       5,543,637       3,597,975       18,540,177       22,138,152       8,668,764       1990     Jun-96
Taylor Place
          6,417,889       13,411,278       19,829,167       16,713,053       7,267,765       29,274,455       36,542,220       8,912,998       2008     Apr-02
Presidential Greens
          11,237,698       18,789,985       30,027,683       6,192,023       11,499,261       24,720,445       36,219,706       10,352,260       1938     May-02
Ridgewood
          5,612,147       20,085,474       25,697,621       5,802,855       5,773,117       25,727,359       31,500,476       10,517,199       1988     Aug-02
The Calvert
          262,807       11,188,623       11,451,430       12,911,139       8,259,593       16,102,976       24,362,569       5,606,728       1962     Nov-03
Commons at Town Square
          135,780       7,723,647       7,859,427       861,271       6,866,705       1,853,993       8,720,698       680,509       1971     Dec-03
Waterside Towers
          873,713       38,209,345       39,083,058       6,804,132       26,148,328       19,738,862       45,887,190       6,656,875       1971     Dec-03
Waterside Townhomes
          129,000       3,723,896       3,852,896       416,397       2,724,925       1,544,368       4,269,293       514,193       1971     Dec-03
Wellington Place at Olde Town
          13,753,346       36,059,193       49,812,539       15,547,695       14,465,200       50,895,034       65,360,234       10,070,595       2008     Sep-05
Andover House
    36,151,346       14,357,021       51,577,112       65,934,133       1,786,543       14,357,596       53,363,080       67,720,676       5,338,824       2004     Mar-07
Sullivan Place
          1,136,778       103,676,103       104,812,881       758,755       1,170,167       104,401,469       105,571,636       6,420,031       2007     Dec-07
Delancey at Shirlington
          21,605,992       66,765,252       88,371,244       243,472       21,611,692       67,003,024       88,614,716       2,923,138       2006/07     Mar-08
Circle Towers
    68,936,494       33,010,740       107,051,197       140,061,937       1,514,036       32,815,406       108,760,567       141,575,973       4,625,986       1972     Mar-08
METROPOLITAN DC
    163,467,808       114,210,440       499,930,591       614,141,031       79,515,880       159,237,510       534,419,401       693,656,911       87,419,373                  
Dominion Kings Place
          1,564,942       7,006,574       8,571,516       2,899,493       1,772,867       9,698,142       11,471,009       5,307,272       1983     Dec-92
Dominion At Eden Brook
          2,361,167       9,384,171       11,745,338       4,973,471       2,875,164       13,843,645       16,718,809       7,616,906       1984     Dec-92
Ellicott Grove
          2,919,481       9,099,691       12,019,172       21,549,508       5,171,948       28,396,732       33,568,680       10,664,593       2008     Jul-94
Dominion Constant Friendship
          903,122       4,668,956       5,572,078       2,719,324       1,112,097       7,179,305       8,291,402       3,551,958       1990     May-95
Lakeside Mill
          2,665,869       10,109,175       12,775,044       2,844,548       2,787,738       12,831,854       15,619,592       7,071,900       1989     Dec-99
Tamar Meadow
    20,010,000       4,144,926       17,149,514       21,294,440       3,645,946       4,440,588       20,499,798       24,940,386       7,852,951       1990     Nov-02
Calvert’s Walk
          4,408,192       24,692,115       29,100,307       3,600,697       4,489,140       28,211,864       32,701,004       8,519,836       1988     Mar-04
Arborview
          4,653,393       23,951,828       28,605,221       4,355,636       4,894,119       28,066,738       32,960,857       8,686,935       1992     Mar-04
Liriope
          1,620,382       6,790,681       8,411,063       704,159       1,628,063       7,487,159       9,115,222       2,189,087       1997     Mar-04
Dulaney Crescent
          11,749,575       45,589,714       57,339,289       985,763       11,757,716       46,567,336       58,325,052       2,281,027       2003     Mar-08
BALTIMORE, MD
    20,010,000       36,991,049       158,442,419       195,433,468       48,278,545       40,929,440       202,782,573       243,712,013       63,742,465                  
Dominion Olde West
          1,965,097       12,203,965       14,169,062       7,979,118       2,568,485       19,579,695       22,148,180       12,825,138       1978/82/84/85/87     Dec-84 & Aug-91
Dominion Creekwood
                            5,250,566       98,169       5,152,397       5,250,566       2,712,218       1984     Aug-91
Dominion English Hills
          1,979,174       11,524,313       13,503,487       8,223,928       2,873,091       18,854,324       21,727,415       11,134,039       1969/76     Dec-91
Legacy at Mayland
                            22,781,603       1,637,851       21,143,752       22,781,603       9,217,601       2007     Dec-91
Gayton Pointe Townhomes
          825,760       5,147,968       5,973,728       28,267,642       3,299,724       30,941,646       34,241,370       12,574,078       2007     Sep-95
Dominion West End
    27,685,137       2,059,252       15,049,088       17,108,340       8,063,700       3,007,500       22,164,540       25,172,040       11,395,077       1989     Dec-95
Waterside At Ironbridge
          1,843,819       13,238,590       15,082,409       5,248,380       2,185,351       18,145,438       20,330,789       7,101,238       1987     Sep-97
Carriage Homes at Wyndham
          473,695       30,996,525       31,470,220       4,866,045       3,706,056       32,630,209       36,336,265       10,037,702       1998     Nov-03
RICHMOND, VA
    27,685,137       9,146,797       88,160,449       97,307,246       90,680,982       19,376,227       168,612,001       187,988,228       76,997,091                  

 

70


 

                                                                                         
                                    Cost of                                
                                    Improvements                                
                                    Capitalized     Gross Amount at Which                          
            Initial Costs     Total     Subsequent     Carried at Close of Period                          
            Land and     Buildings     Initial     to Acquisition     Land and     Buildings     Total                    
            Land     and     Acquisition     Costs     Land     and     Carrying     Accumulated     Date of     Date  
    Encumbrances     Improvements     Improvements     Costs     (net of Disposals)     Improvements     Improvements     Value     Depreciation     Construction (a)     Acquired  
 
                                                                                       
MID-ATLANTIC REGION (cont)
                                                                                       
Heather Lake
          616,800       3,400,672       4,017,472       8,995,588       1,150,419       11,862,641       13,013,060       8,563,396       1972/74     Mar-80
Woodscape
          798,700       7,209,525       8,008,225       7,902,471       1,904,989       14,005,707       15,910,696       9,456,327       1974/76     Dec-87
Eastwind
          155,000       5,316,738       5,471,738       4,959,854       580,221       9,851,371       10,431,592       6,184,400       1970     Apr-88
Forest Lake At Oyster Point
    17,447,968       780,117       8,861,878       9,641,995       7,347,199       1,288,049       15,701,145       16,989,194       7,746,409       1986     Aug-95
Dominion Waterside At Lynnhaven
          1,823,983       4,106,710       5,930,693       4,959,479       2,130,427       8,759,745       10,890,172       4,762,284       1966     Aug-96
Dominion Yorkshire Downs
    16,240,050       1,088,887       8,581,771       9,670,658       4,587,748       1,432,734       12,825,672       14,258,406       5,353,145       1987     Dec-97
NORFOLK, VA
    33,688,018       5,263,487       37,477,294       42,740,781       38,752,339       8,486,839       73,006,281       81,493,120       42,065,961                  
Greens At Falls Run
          2,730,722       5,300,203       8,030,925       3,929,296       3,016,479       8,943,742       11,960,221       4,273,575       1989     May-95
Manor At England Run
          3,194,527       13,505,239       16,699,766       17,198,387       5,040,138       28,858,015       33,898,153       14,394,038       1990     May-95
Brittingham Square
          650,143       4,962,246       5,612,389       3,068,412       906,755       7,774,046       8,680,801       3,603,373       1991     May-95
Greens At Schumaker Pond
          709,559       6,117,582       6,827,141       4,478,583       943,501       10,362,223       11,305,724       4,971,478       1988     May-95
Greens At Cross Court
          1,182,414       4,544,012       5,726,426       3,501,976       1,431,119       7,797,283       9,228,402       3,866,898       1987     May-95
OTHER MID-ATLANTIC
          8,467,365       34,429,282       42,896,647       32,176,654       11,337,992       63,735,309       75,073,301       31,109,362                  
 
                                                                     
TOTAL MID-ATLANTIC REGION
    244,850,963       174,079,138       818,440,035       992,519,173       289,404,400       239,368,008       1,042,555,565       1,281,923,573       301,334,252                  
 
                                                                     
 
                                                                                       
SOUTHEASTERN REGION
                                                                                       
Summit West
          2,176,500       4,709,970       6,886,470       6,099,166       2,821,111       10,164,525       12,985,636       6,894,832       1972     Dec-92
The Breyley
          1,780,375       2,458,172       4,238,547       16,053,403       3,086,124       17,205,826       20,291,950       8,281,287       2007     Sep-93
Lakewood Place
    21,181,686       1,395,051       10,647,377       12,042,428       6,461,693       1,970,328       16,533,793       18,504,121       8,654,559       1986     Mar-94
Hunters Ridge
    20,509,853       2,461,548       10,942,434       13,403,982       4,806,827       3,313,443       14,897,366       18,210,809       7,863,319       1992     Jun-95
Bay Meadow
          2,892,526       9,253,525       12,146,051       7,786,993       3,727,701       16,205,343       19,933,044       8,137,411       2004     Dec-96
Cambridge Woods
          1,790,804       7,166,329       8,957,133       5,954,281       2,251,618       12,659,796       14,911,414       5,852,885       1985     Jun-97
Sugar Mill Creek
    10,185,064       2,241,880       7,552,520       9,794,400       5,034,274       2,628,294       12,200,380       14,828,674       4,880,864       1988     Dec-98
Inlet Bay
          7,701,679       23,149,670       30,851,349       9,548,686       8,143,895       32,256,140       40,400,035       11,916,600       1988/89     Jun-03
MacAlpine Place
          10,869,386       36,857,512       47,726,898       3,010,007       10,937,347       39,799,558       50,736,905       10,191,558       2001     Dec-04
Island Walk
          7,230,575       19,897,415       27,127,990       9,220,551       9,111,665       27,236,876       36,348,541       11,206,796       1985/87     Jul-06
Gallery at Bayport II
          5,775,144       17,236,146       23,011,290       1,323,948       9,635,059       14,700,179       24,335,238       4,720,721       2008     Oct-06
TAMPA, FL
    51,876,603       46,315,468       149,871,070       196,186,538       75,299,829       57,626,585       213,859,782       271,486,367       88,600,832                  
The Canopy Apartment Villas
          2,894,702       6,456,100       9,350,802       21,117,837       5,147,138       25,321,501       30,468,639       11,409,623       2008     Mar-93
Altamira Place
          1,532,700       11,076,062       12,608,762       18,172,468       3,126,538       27,654,692       30,781,230       14,288,823       2007     Apr-94
Regatta Shore
          757,008       6,607,367       7,364,375       13,145,015       1,777,716       18,731,674       20,509,390       10,777,647       2007     Jun-94
Alafaya Woods
    21,781,374       1,653,000       9,042,256       10,695,256       6,802,546       2,275,534       15,222,268       17,497,802       7,838,910       2006     Oct-94
Seabrook
          1,845,853       4,155,275       6,001,128       6,070,302       2,474,471       9,596,959       12,071,430       6,047,767       2004     Feb-96
Los Altos
    23,804,268       2,803,805       12,348,464       15,152,269       6,450,989       3,557,294       18,045,964       21,603,258       8,858,105       2004     Oct-96
Lotus Landing
          2,184,723       8,638,664       10,823,387       6,759,638       2,634,903       14,948,122       17,583,025       6,220,213       2006     Jul-97
Seville On The Green
          1,282,616       6,498,062       7,780,678       5,366,363       1,638,797       11,508,244       13,147,041       5,261,013       2004     Oct-97
Ashton @ Waterford
    28,972,446       3,871,744       17,537,879       21,409,623       1,250,069       4,025,167       18,634,525       22,659,692       8,904,003       2000     May-98
Arbors at Lee Vista DCO
          6,692,423       12,860,210       19,552,633       9,760,345       6,837,524       22,475,454       29,312,978       9,698,573       2007     Aug-06
Millenia Mall
          12,172,634       37,143,420       49,316,054       563,400       12,174,032       37,705,422       49,879,454       2,640,137       2007     Jan-08
ORLANDO, FL
    74,558,088       37,691,208       132,363,759       170,054,967       95,458,972       45,669,114       219,844,825       265,513,939       91,944,814                  
Legacy Hill
          1,147,660       5,867,567       7,015,227       7,019,922       1,571,870       12,463,279       14,035,149       7,012,294       1977     Nov-95
Hickory Run
          1,468,727       11,583,786       13,052,513       6,856,715       1,941,983       17,967,245       19,909,228       8,060,227       1989     Dec-95
Carrington Hills
    20,204,103       2,117,244             2,117,244       30,807,580       4,115,870       28,808,954       32,924,824       11,784,911       1999     Dec-95
Brookridge
          707,508       5,461,251       6,168,759       3,320,246       988,475       8,500,530       9,489,005       4,242,693       1986     Mar-96
Breckenridge
          766,428       7,713,862       8,480,290       3,081,165       1,088,248       10,473,207       11,561,455       4,623,690       1986     Mar-97
Colonnade
    11,890,540       1,459,754       16,014,857       17,474,611       2,714,147       1,754,642       18,434,116       20,188,758       6,693,176       1998     Jan-99
The Preserve at Brentwood
    27,813,813       3,181,524       24,674,264       27,855,788       3,702,767       3,224,349       28,334,206       31,558,555       8,279,999       1998     Jun-04
Polo Park
    13,553,524       4,582,666       16,293,022       20,875,688       14,349,400       5,457,252       29,767,836       35,225,088       5,346,837       2008     May-06
NASHVILLE, TN
    73,461,980       15,431,511       87,608,609       103,040,120       71,851,942       20,142,689       154,749,373       174,892,062       56,043,827                  
Greentree
    15,655,691       1,634,330       11,226,990       12,861,320       11,286,052       2,625,322       21,522,050       24,147,372       11,253,539       2007     Jul-94
Westland
          1,834,535       14,864,742       16,699,277       9,188,343       2,867,513       23,020,107       25,887,620       12,384,131       1990     May-96
Antlers
          4,034,039       11,192,842       15,226,881       10,511,755       5,071,913       20,666,723       25,738,636       11,603,875       1985     May-96
St Johns Plantation
          4,288,214       33,101,763       37,389,977       4,237,895       4,351,288       37,276,584       41,627,872       8,625,476       2006     Jun-05
The Kensley
          3,178,992       30,711,474       33,890,466       1,123,180       3,185,580       31,828,066       35,013,646       2,856,021       2004     Jul-07
JACKSONVILLE, FL
    15,655,691       14,970,110       101,097,811       116,067,921       36,347,225       18,101,616       134,313,530       152,415,146       46,723,042                  
The Groves
          789,953       4,767,055       5,557,008       4,765,934       1,586,503       8,736,439       10,322,942       4,846,104       1989     Dec-95
Mallards of Brandywine
          765,949       5,407,683       6,173,632       2,604,050       1,068,035       7,709,647       8,777,682       3,827,812       1985     Jul-97
The Reserve and The Park at Riverbridge
          15,968,090       56,400,716       72,368,806       2,811,683       16,005,078       59,175,411       75,180,489       14,880,725       1999/2001     Dec-04
Piermont
          3,373,265       7,095,763       10,469,028       5,346,716       3,782,615       12,033,129       15,815,744       6,028,057       2007     Dec-05
OTHER FLORIDA
          20,897,257       73,671,217       94,568,474       15,528,383       22,442,231       87,654,626       110,096,857       29,582,698                  
 
                                                                     
TOTAL SOUTHEASTERN REGION
    215,552,362       135,305,554       544,612,466       679,918,020       294,486,351       163,982,235       810,422,136       974,404,371       312,895,213                  
 
                                                                     

 

71


 

                                                                                         
                                    Cost of                                
                                    Improvements                                
                                    Capitalized     Gross Amount at Which                          
            Initial Costs     Total     Subsequent     Carried at Close of Period                          
            Land and     Buildings     Initial     to Acquisition     Land and     Buildings     Total                    
            Land     and     Acquisition     Costs     Land     and     Carrying     Accumulated     Date of     Date  
    Encumbrances     Improvements     Improvements     Costs     (net of Disposals)     Improvements     Improvements     Value     Depreciation     Construction (a)     Acquired  
 
                                                                                       
SOUTHWESTERN REGION
                                                                                       
Highlands of Preston
          2,151,056       8,167,630       10,318,686       27,455,282       5,754,903       32,019,065       37,773,968       7,762,529       2008     Mar-98
THIRTY377
          24,035,881       32,950,822       56,986,703       4,482,043       24,092,279       37,376,467       61,468,746       5,489,492       2007     Aug-06
Garden Oaks
    5,197,431       2,131,988       5,367,040       7,499,028       312,427       6,821,043       990,412       7,811,455       386,134       1979     Mar-07
Springhaven
          6,687,621       3,354,680       10,042,301       67,377       8,203,548       1,906,130       10,109,678       954,390       1977     Apr-07
Glenwood
    5,998,078       7,902,690       554,021       8,456,711       60,015       8,040,300       476,426       8,516,726       217,562       1970     May-07
Talisker of Addison
    7,682,835       10,439,794       634,320       11,074,114       276,848       10,760,070       590,892       11,350,962       397,189       1975     May-07
Clipper Pointe
    7,181,662       13,220,993       2,506,569       15,727,562       404,758       14,756,838       1,375,482       16,132,320       896,332       1978     May-07
Ridgeview Park
          2,349,923             2,349,923       8,240,920       2,352,630       8,238,213       10,590,843       989,243       2007     Jul-07
RIACHI AT ONE21
    17,107,068       2,341,936             2,341,936       15,966,457       4,662,823       13,645,570       18,308,393       1,633,071       2007     Dec-07
Legacy Village
          16,881,795       100,101,840       116,983,635       851,978       16,882,584       100,953,029       117,835,613       4,625,094       2005/06/07     Mar-08
DALLAS, TX
    43,167,074       88,143,677       153,636,922       241,780,599       58,118,105       102,327,018       197,571,686       299,898,704       23,351,036                  
Sierra Foothills
    20,770,824       2,728,172             2,728,172       20,214,667       4,974,137       17,968,702       22,942,839       10,708,149       1998     Feb-98
Finisterra
          1,273,798       26,392,207       27,666,005       2,889,067       1,565,655       28,989,417       30,555,072       10,579,886       1997     Mar-98
Sierra Canyon
    14,890,446       1,809,864       12,963,581       14,773,445       1,509,884       1,978,602       14,304,727       16,283,329       6,371,729       2001     Dec-01
Lumiere
          5,091,616       11,997,769       17,089,385       6,149,632       5,825,141       17,413,876       23,239,017       7,978,361       1996     May-06
Waterford
          2,225,595       21,593,714       23,819,309       1,220,904       2,780,485       22,259,728       25,040,213       441,567       2008     Aug-08
PHOENIX, AZ
    35,661,270       13,129,045       72,947,271       86,076,316       31,984,154       17,124,020       100,936,450       118,060,470       36,079,692                  
Barton Creek Landing
          3,150,998       14,269,086       17,420,084       2,858,570       3,201,989       17,076,665       20,278,654       7,206,393       1986     Mar-02
Residences at the Domain
          4,034,365       55,255,613       59,289,978       52,031       4,034,365       55,307,644       59,342,009       1,320,814       2007     Aug-08
AUSTIN, TX
          7,185,363       69,524,699       76,710,062       2,910,601       7,236,354       72,384,309       79,620,663       8,527,207                  
Inn @ Los Patios
          3,005,300       11,544,700       14,550,000       (1,453,572 )     3,023,264       10,073,164       13,096,428       3,290,182       1990     Aug-98
Tiburon
    17,500,000       3,600,000             3,600,000       17,763,681       6,190,653       15,173,028       21,363,681       1,333,175       2008     Jul-06
Laurelwoode
    18,145,979       3,458,393             3,458,393       19,601,856       7,254,480       15,805,769       23,060,249       729,304       2008     Jan-07
OTHER TEXAS
    35,645,979       10,063,693       11,544,700       21,608,393       35,911,965       16,468,397       41,051,961       57,520,358       5,352,661                  
 
                                                                     
TOTAL SOUTHWESTERN REGION
    114,474,323       118,521,778       307,653,592       426,175,370       128,924,825       143,155,789       411,944,406       555,100,195       73,310,596                  
 
                                                                     
 
                                                                                       
TOTAL APARTMENTS
    1,424,048,097       1,255,797,815       3,094,102,409       4,349,900,224       1,094,381,403       1,418,728,341       4,025,553,286       5,444,281,627       1,072,163,794                  
 
                                                                     
 
                                                                                       
REAL ESTATE UNDER DEVELOPMENT
                                                                                       
Vintage Lofts
          6,611,191       37,662,923       44,274,114       7,195,620       6,611,191       44,858,543       51,469,734       50,492                  
Residences at Stadium Village
          7,930,171             7,930,171       17,767,483       7,929,126       17,768,528       25,697,654                        
Signal Hill
          13,290,186             13,290,186       16,351,968       13,192,444       16,449,710       29,642,154                        
The Tribute on Glenwood
          4,718,622             4,718,622       10,523,065       4,216,168       11,025,519       15,241,687                        
The Belmont
    12,922,260       11,720,456             11,720,456       20,387,450       11,398,188       20,709,718       32,107,906                        
Riachi at One21 Ph II
    5,772,946       1,918,411             1,918,411       11,683,845       1,572,489       12,029,767       13,602,256       1,123                  
Vitruvian Phase I
          7,374,000       3,367,009       10,741,009       8,320,362       7,374,000       11,687,371       19,061,371                        
 
                                                                     
TOTAL REAL ESTATE UNDER DEVELOPMENT
    18,695,206       53,563,037       41,029,932       94,592,969       92,229,793       52,293,606       134,529,156       186,822,762       51,615                  
 
                                                                     
 
                                                                                       
LAND
                                                                                       
Waterside
          11,861,682       93,478       11,955,160       92,233       11,861,682       185,711       12,047,393       127,168                  
Presidio
          1,523,922             1,523,922       828,137       1,300,000       1,052,059       2,352,059                        
UDR Pacific Los Alisos, LP
          17,297,661             17,297,661       1,740,795       16,311,758       2,726,698       19,038,456                        
2400 14th Street
          31,747,409             31,747,409       6,909,878       32,192,614       6,464,673       38,657,287                        
Parkers Landing II TRS
          1,709,606             1,709,606       777,348       1,511,375       975,579       2,486,954       (225,850 )                
3033 Wilshire
          11,055,310             11,055,310       933,344       11,055,310       933,344       11,988,654                        
Vitruvian
          22,174,509       23,380,657       45,555,166       19,888,987       56,235,713       9,208,440       65,444,153       374,711                  
 
                                                                     
TOTAL LAND
          97,370,099       23,474,135       120,844,234       31,170,722       130,468,452       21,546,504       152,014,956       276,029                  
 
                                                                     
 
                                                                                       
TOTAL REAL ESTATE UNDER DEVELOPMENT
    18,695,206       150,933,136       64,504,067       215,437,203       123,400,515       182,762,058       156,075,660       338,837,718       327,644                  
 
                                                                     
 
                                                                                       
COMMERCIAL HELD FOR INVESTMENT
                                                                                       
Hanover Village
          1,623,910             1,623,910       5       1,103,600       520,315       1,623,915       491,869                  
The Calvert — commercial side
          34,128       1,597,359       1,631,487       1,150,550       1,168,497       1,613,540       2,782,037       471,612                  
Circle Towers Office Bldg
          1,406,626       4,498,210       5,904,836       (368,688 )     1,380,054       4,156,094       5,536,148       183,624                  
Brookhaven Shopping Center
    9,600,000       4,137,935       7,093,172       11,231,107       10,527       4,137,935       7,103,699       11,241,634       36,933                  
Grandview DCO
    10,127,936       7,266,024       9,701,625       16,967,649       1,932,266       10,750,324       8,149,591       18,899,915       5,012,542                  
 
                                                                     
TOTAL COMMERCIAL
    19,727,936       14,468,623       22,890,366       37,358,989       2,724,660       18,540,410       21,543,239       40,083,649       6,196,580                  
 
                                                                     
 
                                                                                       
CORPORATE
                                                                                       
Other (b)
                            8,549,324             8,549,324       8,549,324       1,029                  
 
                                                                     
TOTAL CORPORATE
                            8,549,324             8,549,324       8,549,324       1,029                  
 
                                                                     
 
                                                                                       
TOTAL COMMERCIAL & CORPORATE
    19,727,936       14,468,623       22,890,366       37,358,989       11,273,984       18,540,410       30,092,563       48,632,973       6,197,609                  
 
                                                                     
 
                                                                                       
TOTAL REAL ESTATE OWNED
    1,462,471,239       1,421,199,574       3,181,496,842       4,602,696,416       1,229,055,902       1,620,030,809       4,211,721,509       5,831,752,318       1,078,689,047                  
 
                                                                     
 
     
(a)   Date of construction or date of last major renovation.
 
(b)   Includes unallocated accruals and capital expenditures.
 
    The aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes was approximately $5.2 billion at December 31, 2008.
 
    The depreciable life for all buildings is 35 years.

 

72


 

3-YEAR ROLLFORWARD OF REAL ESTATE OWNED AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
The following is a reconciliation of the carrying amount of total real estate owned at December 31:
                         
    2008     2007     2006  
 
                       
Balance at beginning of the year
  $ 5,956,481,074     $ 5,820,122,155     $ 5,512,424,090  
Real estate acquired
    1,014,231,819       509,976,871       392,058,366  
Capital expenditures and development
    297,564,557       234,724,992       379,629,467  
Real estate sold
    (1,436,525,132 )     (608,342,944 )     (463,989,768 )
 
                 
 
                       
Balance at end of year
  $ 5,831,752,318     $ 5,956,481,074     $ 5,820,122,155  
 
                 
The following is a reconcilation of total accumulated depreciation for real estate owned at December 31:
                         
Balance at beginning of the year
  $ 1,371,759,339     $ 1,253,726,781     $ 1,123,829,081  
Depreciation expense for the year
    245,898,189       256,931,873       243,348,343  
Accumulated depreciation on sales
    (538,968,481 )     (138,899,315 )     (113,450,643 )
 
                 
 
                       
Balance at end of year
  $ 1,078,689,047     $ 1,371,759,339     $ 1,253,726,781  
 
                 

 

73


 

Exhibit 12
UDR, INC.
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends
(Dollars in thousands)
                                         
    Years Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006     2005     2004  
 
                                       
(Loss)/income before discontinued operations
  $ (63,742 )   $ 44,660     $ (77,772 )   $ (50,084 )   $ (43,055 )
Add:
                                       
Interest on indebtedness from continuing operations
    169,324       168,338       182,798       159,433       118,504  
Portion of rents representative of the interest factor
    1,883       871       679       667       651  
 
                             
Earnings
  $ 107,465     $ 213,869     $ 105,705     $ 110,016     $ 76,100  
 
                             
 
                                       
Fixed charges and preferred stock dividend:
                                       
Interest on indebtedness from continuing operations
  $ 169,324     $ 168,338     $ 182,798     $ 159,433     $ 118,504  
Capitalized interest
    14,857       13,244       5,173       2,769       986  
Portion of rents representative of the interest factor
    1,883       871       679       667       651  
 
                             
Fixed charges
    186,064       182,453       188,650       162,869       120,141  
 
                             
 
                                       
Add:
                                       
Preferred stock dividend
    12,138       13,910       15,370       15,370       19,531  
(Discount)/premium on preferred stock
    (3,056 )     2,261                   5,729  
 
                             
Preferred stock dividend and preferred stock
    9,082       16,171       15,370       15,370       25,260  
 
                             
Combined fixed charges and preferred stock
  $ 195,146     $ 198,624     $ 204,020     $ 178,239     $ 145,401  
 
                             
 
                                       
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
          1.17                    
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock
          1.08                    
For the year ended December 31, 2008, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges was deficient of achieving a 1:1 ratio by $78.6 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2008, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock was deficient of achieving a 1:1 ratio by $87.7 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges was deficient of achieving a 1:1 ratio by $82.9 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock was deficient of achieving a 1:1 ratio by $98.3 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges was deficient of achieving a 1:1 ratio by $52.9 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock was deficient of achieving a 1:1 ratio by $68.2 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2004, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges was deficient of achieving a 1:1 ratio by $44.0 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2004, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock was deficient of achieving a 1:1 ratio by $69.3 million.

 

74