Fair Value Measurements

Determination of Fair Value

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with the fair value measurements and disclosures topic of FASB ASC, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company's various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

Fair Value Hierarchy

In accordance with this guidance, the Company groups its financial assets and financial liabilities generally measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.



Level 1 –	Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 –	Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.
Level 3 –	Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:

Securities available for sale: Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level 2).

The following table presents the balances of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the period (dollars in thousands):



			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using
	Balance as of December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
Description	2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Securities available for sale:
Federal agencies and GSEs	$	112,127	$	—	$	112,127	$	—
Mortgage-backed and CMOs	105,316		—		105,316		—
State and municipal	93,626		—		93,626		—
Corporate	8,062		—		8,062		—
Equity securities	2,206		—		2,206		—
Total	$	321,337	$	—	$	321,337	$	—



			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using
	Balance as of December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
Description	2016		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Securities available for sale:
Federal agencies and GSEs	$	104,054	$	—	$	104,054	$	—
Mortgage-backed and CMOs	79,493		—		79,493		—
State and municipal	147,515		—		147,515		—
Corporate	13,492		—		13,492		—
Equity Securities	1,948		—		1,948		—
Total	$	346,502	$	—	$	346,502	$	—

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:

Loans held for sale: Loans held for sale are carried at fair value. These loans currently consist of one-to-four family residential loans originated for sale in the secondary market. Fair value is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data which is not materially different than cost due to the short duration between origination and sale (Level 2). As such, the Company records any fair value adjustments on a nonrecurring basis. No nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded on loans held for sale during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Gains and losses on the sale of loans are recorded within mortgage banking income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Impaired loans: Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements will not be collected when due. The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on either the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the Company's collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing a market valuation approach based on an appraisal, of one year or less, conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser using observable market data (Level 2). However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction or if an appraisal of the property is more than one year old and not solely based on observable market comparable or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, then a Level 3 valuation is considered to measure the fair value. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal, of one year or less, if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business's financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Impaired loans allocated to the allowance for loan losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Other real estate owned: Measurement for fair values for other real estate owned are the same as impaired loans. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as a valuation allowance against other real estate owned with the associated expense included in other real estate owned expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table summarizes the Company's assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period (dollars in thousands):



			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using
	Balance as of December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
Description	2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Loans held for sale	$	1,639	$	—	$	1,639	$	—
Impaired loans, net of valuation allowance	1,391		—		—		1,391
Other real estate owned, net	1,225		—		—		1,225



			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using
	Balance as of December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
Description	2016		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Loans held for sale	$	5,996	$	—	$	5,996	$	—
Impaired loans, net of valuation allowance	2,151		—		—		2,151
Other real estate owned, net	1,328		—		—		1,328

Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2017:



Assets	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Rate

Impaired loans	Discounted appraised value	Selling cost	8.00%
Impaired loans	Discounted cash flow analysis	Market rate for borrower (discount rate)	3.25% - 9.80%

Other real estate owned	Discounted appraised value	Selling cost	8.00%

Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016:



Assets	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Rate

Impaired loans	Discounted appraised value	Selling cost	8.00%

Other real estate owned	Discounted appraised value	Selling cost	6.00%

ASC 825, "Financial Instruments," requires disclosure about fair value of financial instruments for interim periods and excludes certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

The carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments at December 31, 2017 are as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using
	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs		Fair Value Balance
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value Balance
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	52,477	$	52,477	$	—	$	—	$	52,477
Securities available for sale	321,337		—		321,337		—		321,337
Restricted stock	6,110		—		6,110		—		6,110
Loans held for sale	1,639		—		1,639		—		1,639
Loans, net of allowance	1,322,522		—		—		1,317,737		1,317,737
Bank owned life insurance	18,460		—		18,460		—		18,460
Accrued interest receivable	5,231		—		5,231		—		5,231

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,534,726	$	—	$	1,151,068	$	376,888	$	1,527,956
Repurchase agreements	10,726		—		10,726		—		10,726
Other short-term borrowings	24,000		—		24,000		—		24,000
Junior subordinated debt	27,826		—		—		28,358		28,358
Accrued interest payable	674		—		674		—		674

The carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments at December 31, 2016 are as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using
	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs		Fair Value Balance
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value Balance
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53,207	$	53,207	$	—	$	—	$	53,207
Securities available for sale	346,502		—		346,502		—		346,502
Restricted stock	6,224		—		6,224		—		6,224
Loans held for sale	5,996		—		5,996		—		5,996
Loans, net of allowance	1,152,020		—		—		1,136,961		1,136,961
Bank owned life insurance	18,163		—		18,163		—		18,163
Accrued interest receivable	5,083		—		5,083		—		5,083

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,370,640	$	—	$	991,785	$	374,774	$	1,366,559
Repurchase agreements	39,166		—		39,166		—		39,166
Other short-term borrowings	20,000		—		20,000		—		20,000
Long-term borrowings	9,980		—		—		10,156		10,156
Junior subordinated debt	27,724		—		—		24,932		24,932
Accrued interest payable	623		—		623		—		623

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Securities. Fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes.

Restricted stock. The carrying value of restricted stock approximates fair value based on the redemption provisions of the respective entity.

Loans held for sale. The carrying amount is at fair value.

Loans. For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for fixed-rate loans are estimated based upon discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Fair values for nonperforming loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis or underlying collateral values, where applicable.

Bank owned life insurance. Bank owned life insurance represents insurance policies on officers, directors, and past directors of the Company. The cash value of the policies are estimates using information provided by insurance carriers. These policies are carried at their cash surrender value, which approximates the fair value.

Accrued interest receivable. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Deposits. The fair value of demand deposits, savings deposits, and money market deposits equals the carrying value. The fair value of fixed-rate certificates of deposit is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar deposit instruments would be offered to depositors for the same remaining maturities.

Repurchase agreements. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Other short-term borrowings. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Long-term borrowings. The fair values of long-term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis based on the interest rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Junior subordinated debt. Fair value is calculated by discounting the future cash flows using the estimated current interest rates at which similar securities would be issued.

Accrued interest payable. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Off-balance sheet instruments. The fair value of letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of off balance sheet instruments was deemed immaterial, and therefore was not included in the table above. The various off-balance sheet instruments were discussed in Note 15.

The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that interest rates will change) in its normal operations. As a result, the fair values of the Company's financial instruments will change when interest rates change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company.