10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For fiscal year ended December 31, 2018

Commission file number: 0-13273

F & M BANK CORP.

  (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) 54-1280811
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

P. O. Box 1111, Timberville, Virginia 22853

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(540) 896-8941

(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock - $5 Par value per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Sarbanes Act. Yes [ ] No [x]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [ ] No [x]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [x] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X]  No [ ] 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [x]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒	Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☒	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [ ] No [x]

The registrant’s Common Stock is quoted on the OTC Market’s OTCQX tier under the symbol FMBM. The aggregate market value of the 2,893,997 shares of Common Stock of the registrant issued and outstanding held by non-affiliates on June 30, 2018 was approximately $111,274,169 based on the closing sales price of $38.45 per share on that date. For purposes of this calculation, the term “affiliate” refers to all directors and executive officers of the registrant.

As of the close of business on March 11, 2019, there were 3,210,562 shares of the registrant's Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

Part III: Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 11, 2019 (the “Proxy Statement”).

Table of Contents

		Page
	PART I
Item 1.	Business	2
Item 1A	Risk Factors	9
Item 1B	Unresolved Staff Comments	16
Item 2	Properties	16
Item 3	Legal Proceedings	16
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	17
	PART II
Item 5	Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	17
Item 6	Selected Financial Data	19
Item 7	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 7A	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	42
Item 8	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	43
Item 9	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures	98
Item 9A	Controls and Procedures	98
Item 9B	Other Information	99
	PART III
Item 10	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	99
Item 11	Executive Compensation	99
Item 12	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	99
Item 13	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	99
Item 14	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	99
	PART IV
Item 15	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	100
Item 16	Form 10-K Summary	101
SIGNATURES		102

PART I

Item 1. Business

General

F & M Bank Corp. (the “Company” or “we”), incorporated in Virginia in 1983, is a one bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 that has elected to become a financial holding company. The Company owns 100% of the outstanding stock of its banking subsidiary, Farmers & Merchants Bank (“Bank”) and a majority interest in VSTitle, LLC (“VST”). TEB Life Insurance Company (“TEB”) and Farmers & Merchants Financial Services, Inc. (“FMFS”) are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Bank. The Bank also holds a majority ownership in VBS Mortgage, LLC (DBA F&M Mortgage “F&M Mortgage”).

The Bank was chartered on April 15, 1908, as a state chartered bank under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. TEB was incorporated on January 27, 1988, as a captive life insurance company under the laws of the State of Arizona. FMFS is a Virginia chartered corporation and was incorporated on February 25, 1993. F&M Mortgage was incorporated on May 11, 1999. The Bank purchased a majority interest in F&M Mortgage on November 3, 2008 and the Company purchased a majority interest in VST on January 1, 2017. F&M Mortgage owns the remaining minority interest in VST.

As a commercial bank, the Bank offers a wide range of banking services including commercial and individual demand and time deposit accounts, commercial and individual loans, internet and mobile banking, drive-in banking services, ATMs at all branch locations and several off-site locations, as well as a courier service for its commercial banking customers. TEB was organized to re-insure credit life and accident and health insurance currently being sold by the Bank in connection with its lending activities. FMFS was organized to write title insurance but now provides brokerage services, commercial and personal lines of insurance to customers of the Bank. F&M Mortgage originates conventional and government sponsored mortgages through their offices in Harrisonburg, Woodstock and Fishersville. VST provides title insurance and real estate settlement services through their offices in Harrisonburg, Fishersville and Charlottesville, VA.

The Bank makes various types of commercial and consumer loans and has a large portfolio of residential mortgages and indirect auto lending. The local economy is relatively diverse with strong employment in the agricultural, manufacturing, service and governmental sectors.

The Company’s and the Bank’s principal executive office is located at 205 South Main Street, Timberville, VA 22853, and its phone number is (540) 896-8941.

Filings with the SEC

The Company files annual, quarterly and other reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These reports are posted and are available at no cost on the Company’s website, www.FMBankVA.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company files such documents with the SEC. The Company’s filings are also available through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Employees

On December 31, 2018, the Bank had 172 full-time and part-time employees; including executive officers, loan and other banking officers, branch personnel, operations personnel and other support personnel. None of the Company’s employees is represented by a union or covered under a collective bargaining agreement. Management of the Company considers their employee relations to be excellent. No one employee devotes full-time services to F & M Bank Corp.

Competition

The Bank's offices face strong competition from numerous other financial institutions. These other institutions include large national and regional banks, other community banks, nationally chartered savings banks, credit unions, consumer finance companies, mortgage companies, loan production offices, marketplace lenders and other financial technology firms, mutual funds and life insurance companies. Competition for loans and deposits is affected by a variety of factors including interest rates, types of products offered, the number and location of branch offices, marketing strategies and the reputation of the Bank within the communities served.

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PART I, continued

Item 1. Business, continued

Regulation and Supervision

General. The operations of the Company and the Bank are subject to federal and state statutes, which apply to bank holding companies, financial holding companies and state member banks of the Federal Reserve System. The common stock of the Company is registered pursuant to and subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). These include, but are not limited to, the filing of annual, quarterly, and other current reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). As an Exchange Act reporting company, the Company is directly affected by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”).  The Company believes it is in compliance with SEC and other rules and regulations implemented pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley and intends to comply with any applicable rules and regulations implemented in the future.

The Company, as a bank holding company and a financial holding company, is subject to the provisions of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the "Act") and is supervised by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”). The Act requires the Company to secure the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board before the Company acquires ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares or substantially all of the assets of any institution, including another bank.

As a financial holding company, the Company is required to file with the Federal Reserve Board an annual report and such additional information as it may require pursuant to the Act. The Federal Reserve Board may also conduct examinations of F & M Bank Corp. and any or all of its subsidiaries. Under the Act and the regulations of the Federal Reserve Board, a bank holding company and its subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in certain tie-in arrangements in connection with an extension of credit, pro-vision of credit, sale or lease of property or furnishing of services.

The permitted activities of a bank holding company are limited to managing or controlling banks, furnishing services to or performing services for its subsidiaries, and engaging in other activities that the Federal Reserve Board determines by regulation or order to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. In addition, bank holding companies that qualify and elect to be financial holding companies, such as the Company, may engage in any activity, or acquire and retain the shares of a company engaged in any activity, that is either (i) financial in nature or incidental to such financial activity (as determined by the Federal Reserve Board in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury) or (ii) complementary to a financial activity and does not pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of depository institutions or the financial system generally (as solely determinedby the Federal Reserve Board), without prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board. Activities that are financial in nature include but are not limited to securities underwriting and dealing, insurance underwriting, and making merchant banking investments.Since 1994, the Company has entered into agreements with the Virginia Community Development Corporation to purchase equity positions in several Low-Income Housing Funds; these funds provide housing for low-income individuals throughout Virginia. Approval of the Federal Reserve Board is necessary to engage in any of the activities described above or to acquire interests engaging in these activities.

The Bank as a state member bank is supervised and regularly examined by the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions and the Federal Reserve Board; such supervision and examination by the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions and the Federal Reserve Board is intended primarily for the protection of depositors and not the stockholders of the Company.

Payment of Dividends. The Company is a legal entity, separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. A significant portion of the revenues of the Company result from dividends paid to it by the Bank. There are various legal limitations applicable to the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company. Under the current regulatory guidelines, prior approval from the Federal Reserve Board is required if cash dividends declared in any given year exceed net income for that year, plus retained net profits of the two preceding years. A bank also may not declare a dividend out of or in excess of its net undivided profits without regulatory approval. The payment of dividends by the Bank or the Company may also be limited by other factors, such as requirements to maintain capital above regulatory guidelines.

Bank regulatory agencies have the authority to prohibit the Bank or the Company from engaging in an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting their businesses. The payment of dividends, depending on the financial condition of the Bank, or the Company, could be deemed to constitute such an unsafe or unsound practice. Based on the Bank’s current financial condition, the Company does not expect that any of these laws will have any impact on its ability to obtain dividends from the Bank.

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PART I, continued

Item 1. Business, continued

Regulation and Supervision, continued

The Company also is subject to regulatory restrictions on payment of dividends to its shareholders. Regulators have indicated that bank holding companies should generally pay dividends only if the organization’s net income available to common shareholders over the past year has been sufficient to fully fund the dividends and the prospective rate of earnings retention appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality, and overall financial condition. Further, a bank holding company should inform and consult with the Federal Reserve Board prior to declaring a dividend that exceeds earnings for the period (e.g., quarter) for which the dividend is being paid or that could result in a material adverse change to the organization’s capital structure.

Capital Requirements. Effective January 1, 2015, the Federal Reserve, the Federal Deposit Insurance Company (FDIC) and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) adopted a new rule that substantially amended the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to us. The final rule implemented the "Basel III" regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act (see definition below). The final rule includes new minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios and refines the definition of what constitutes "capital" for purposes of calculating these ratios. The minimum capital requirements currently applicable to the Bank are: (i) a new common equity Tier 1 ("CET1") capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 6%; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8%; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. The final rule also establishes a "capital conservation buffer" of 2.5% above the new regulatory minimum capital ratios, and when fully effective on January 1, 2019, will result in the following minimum ratios: (a) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%; (b) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 8.5%; and (c) a total capital ratio of 10.5%. An institution will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations will establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that can be utilized for such activities.

The CETI and Tier 1 leverage ratio of the Bank as of December 31, 2018, were 13.65% and 11.79%, respectively, which are significantly above the minimum requirements. The guidelines also provide that banking organizations experiencing internal growth or making acquisitions will be expected to maintain strong capital positions substantially above the minimum supervisory levels, without significant reliance on intangible assets.

In December 2017, the Basel Committee published standards that it described as the finalization of the Basel III post-crisis regulatory reforms (the standards are commonly referred to as “Basel IV”). Among other things, these standards revise the Basel Committee’s standardized approach for credit risk (including by recalibrating risk weights and introducing new capital requirements for certain “unconditionally cancellable commitments,” such as unused credit card lines of credit) and provide a new standardized approach for operational risk capital. Under the proposed framework, these standards will generally be effective on January 1, 2022, with an aggregate output floor phasing-in through January 1, 2027. Under the current capital rules, operational risk capital requirements and a capital floor apply only to advanced approaches institutions, and not to the Company. The impact of Basel IV on the Company and the Bank will depend on the manner in which it is implemented by the federal bank regulatory agencies.

As directed by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the “Economic Growth Act”), on November 21, 2018, the federal banking regulators jointly issued a proposed rule that would permit qualifying banks that have less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets to elect to be subject to a 9% “community bank leverage ratio.” A qualifying bank that has chosen the proposed framework would not be required to calculate the existing risk-based and leverage capital requirements and would be considered to have met the capital ratio requirements to be “well capitalized” under prompt corrective action rules, provided it has a community bank leverage ratio greater than 9%. This proposed rule has not been finalized and, as a result, the content and scope of any final rule, and its impact on the Bank (if any), cannot be determined at this time.

Pursuant to the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company and Savings and Loan Holding Company Policy Statement, qualifying bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $3 billion, such as the Company, are not subject to consolidated regulatory capital requirements.

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PART I, continued

Item 1. Business, continued

Regulation and Supervision, continued

Source of Strength. Federal Reserve policy has historically required bank holding companies to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to their subsidiary banks. The Dodd-Frank Act codified this policy as a statutory requirement. Under this requirement, the Company is expected to commit resources to support the Bank, including at times when the Company may not be in a financial position to provide such resources. Any capital loans by a bank holding company to any of its subsidiary banks are subordinate in right of payment to depositors and to certain other indebtedness of such subsidiary banks. In the event of a bank holding company's bankruptcy, any commitment by the bank holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment.

Safety and Soundness. There are a number of obligations and restrictions imposed on bank holding companies and their subsidiary banks by law and regulatory policy that are designed to minimize potential loss to the depositors of such depository institutions and the FDIC insurance fund in the event of a depository institution default. For example, under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, to avoid receivership of an insured depository institution subsidiary, a bank holding company is required to guarantee the compliance of any subsidiary bank that may become "undercapitalized" with the terms of any capital restoration plan filed by such subsidiary with its appropriate federal bank regulatory agency up to the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 5% of the institution's total assets at the time the institution became undercapitalized or (ii) the amount that is necessary (or would have been necessary) to bring the institution into compliance with all applicable capital standards as of the time the institution fails to comply with such capital restoration plan. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, the federal bank regulatory agencies have adopted guidelines prescribing safety and soundness standards. These guidelines establish general standards relating to internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth and compensation, fees and benefits. In general, the guidelines require, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risk and exposures specified in the guidelines.

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (the “GLB Act”) allows a bank holding company or other company to certify status as a financial holding company, which will allow such company to engage in activities that are financial in nature, that are incidental to such activities, or are complementary to such activities. The GLB Act enumerates certain activities that are deemed financial in nature, such as underwriting insurance or acting as an insurance principal, agent or broker;dealing in or making markets in securities; and engaging in merchant banking under certain restrictions. It also authorizes the Federal Reserve to determine by regulation what other activities are financial in nature, or incidental or complementary thereto.

USA Patriot Act of 2001. In October 2001, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 was enacted in response to the terrorist attacks in New York, Pennsylvania and Northern Virginia which occurred on September 11, 2001. The Patriot Act is intended to strengthen U.S. law enforcements’ and the intelligence communities’ abilities to work cohesively to combat terrorism on a variety of fronts. The continuing and potential impact of the Patriot Act and related regulations and policies on financial institutions of all kinds is significant and wide ranging. The Patriot Act contains sweeping anti-money laundering and financial transparency laws, and imposes various regulations, including standards for verifying client identification at account opening, and rules to promote cooperation among financial institutions, regulators and law enforcement entities in identifying parties that may be involved in terrorism or money laundering.

Community Reinvestment Act.   The requirements of the Community Reinvestment Act are also applicable to the Bank. The act imposes on financial institutions an affirmative and ongoing obligation to meet the credit needs of their local communities, including low and moderate income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operation of those institutions. A financial institution’s efforts in meeting community needs currently are evaluated as part of the examination process pursuant to twelve assessment factors. These factors are also considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions and applications to open a branch or facility.

5

PART I, continued

Item 1. Business, continued

Regulation and Supervision, continued

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The Dodd-Frank Act was signed into law on July 21, 2010. Its wide-ranging provisions affect all federal financial regulatory agencies and nearly every aspect of the American financial services industry. Among the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act that directly impact the Company is the creation of an independent Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which has the ability to implement, examine and enforce complaints with federal consumer protection laws, which govern all financial institutions. For smaller financial institutions, such as the Company and the Bank, their primary regulators will continue to conduct its examination activities.

The Dodd-Frank Act contains provisions designed to reform mortgage lending, which includes the requirement of additional disclosures for consumer mortgages. In addition, the Federal Reserve has issued new rules that have the effect of limiting the fees charged to merchants for debit card transactions. The result of these rules will be to limit the amount of interchange fee income available explicitly to larger banks and indirectly to us. The Dodd-Frank Act also contains provisions that affect corporate governance and executive compensation.

Although the Dodd-Frank Act provisions themselves are extensive, the ultimate impact on the Company of this massive legislation is unknown. The Act provides that several federal agencies, including the Federal Reserve and the Securities and Exchange Commission, shall issue regulations implementing major portions of the legislation, and this process is ongoing.

In May 2018, the Economic Growth Act was enacted to modify or remove certain regulatory financial reform rules and regulations, including some of those implemented under the Dodd-Frank Act. While the Economic Growth Act maintains most of the regulatory structure established by the Dodd-Frank Act, it amends certain aspects of the regulatory framework for small depository institutions with assets of less than $10 billion, such as the Bank, and for large banks with assets of more than $50 billion.

Among other matters, the Economic Growth Act expands the definition of qualified mortgages which may be held by a financial institution with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion, exempts community banks from the Volcker Rule, and includes additional regulatory relief regarding regulatory examination cycles, call reports, mortgage disclosures and risk weights for certain high-risk commercial real estate loans.

It is difficult at this time to predict when or how any new standards under the Economic Growth Act will ultimately be applied to us or what specific impact the Economic Growth Act and implementing rules and regulations will have on community banks.

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PART I, continued

Item 1. Business, continued

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain information contained in this report may include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by phrases such as “we expect,” “we believe” or words of similar import. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks including, but not limited to:

● 

Changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios, including adverse developments in borrower industries, declines in real estate values in our markets, or in the repayment ability of individual borrowers or issuers;

● 

The strength of the economy in our target market area, as well as general economic, market, or business conditions;

●            

An insufficient allowance for loan losses as a result of inaccurate assumptions;

●            

Our ability to maintain our “well-capitalized” regulatory status;

●            

Changes in the interest rates affecting our deposits and our loans;

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Changes in our competitive position, competitive actions by other financial institutions and the competitive nature of the financial services industry and our ability to compete effectively against other financial institutions in our banking markets;

●            

Our ability to manage growth;

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Our potential growth, including our entrance or expansion into new markets, the opportunities that may be presented to and pursued by us and the need for sufficient capital to support that growth;

●            

Our exposure to operational risk;

●            

Our ability to raise capital as needed by our business;

●            

Changes in laws, regulations and the policies of federal or state regulators and agencies;

●            

Other circumstances, many of which are beyond our control; and

● 

Other factors identified in “Risk Factors” below and in other reports the Company files with the SEC from time to time.

Although we believe that our expectations with respect to the forward-looking statements are based upon reliable assumptions within the bounds of our knowledge of our business and operations, there can be no assurance that our actual results, performance or achievements will not differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

Operating Revenue

The following table displays components that contributed 15% or more of the Company’s total operating revenue for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:

Period	Class of Service	Percentage of Total Revenues
December 31, 2018	Interest and fees on loans held for investment	78.42%
December 31, 2017	Interest and fees on loans held for investment	77.35%
December 31, 2016	Interest and fees on loans held for investment	79.02%

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Item 1. Business, continued

Executive Officers of the Company

Mark C. Hanna, 50, has served as President/CEO of the Bank since July 1, 2018. Prior to that he served as President since December 2017. Prior to joining the Company, he served as Executive Vice President and Tidewater Regional President of EVB and its successor, Sonabank from November 2014 through October 2017. Previously, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Virginia Company Bank from November 2006 through November 2014.

Neil W. Hayslett, 57, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Bank and the Company since March 1, 2018, prior to that he served as Executive Vice President/Chief Administrative Officer of the Bank and the Company from June 2013 until March 2018 and Executive Vice President/Chief Financial Officer from November 2007 until June 2013. Prior to that time, he served as Senior Vice President/Chief Financial Officer of the Bank and the Company from January 2003 until November 2007 and served as Vice President/Chief Financial Officer from October 1996 to January 2003.

Carrie A. Comer, 49, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Bank and the Company since March 1, 2018, prior to that she served as Senior Vice President/Chief Financial Officer of the Company and Bank since June 2013. Ms. Comer served as Vice President/Controller of the Bank from March 2009 to June 2013. From December 2005 to March 2009, Ms. Comer served as Assistant Vice President/Controller of F&M Bank.

Stephanie E. Shillingburg, 57, has served as Executive Vice President/Chief Banking Officer of the Bank and the Company since July 2016, Executive Vice President/Chief Retail Officer from June 2013 until July 2016, Senior Vice President/Branch Administrator from February 2005 until June 2013. She also served as Vice President/Branch Administrator from March 2003 until February 2005 and as Branch Manager of the Edinburg Branch from February 2001 until March 2003.

Edward Strunk, 62, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer of the Bank and the Company since March 1, 2018. Prior to that he serviced as Senior Vice President/Senior Lending Officer since July 2006, Senior Vice President/Commercial Loan Administrator from May 2011 until July 2016, Vice President/Commercial Loan Administrator from February 2011 until May 2011 and Vice Present/Business Development Officer III from May 2007 until February 2011.

Josh Hale, 42, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Lending Officer of the Bank and the Company since March 1, 2018. Prior to that he served as Senior Vice President/Business Development Leader since June 2013, Vice President/Commercial Relationship Manager III from December 2010 until June 2013, Vice President/Business Development Officer II from March 2009 until December 2010 and Assistant Vice President/Business Development Officer II from December 2004 until March 2009.

Barton E. Black, 48, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy & Risk Officer of the Bank and the Company since March 1, 2019. Prior to joining the company, he served as Managing Director at Strategic Risk Associates, a financial services consulting company based in Virginia from August 2012 through February 2019.

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PART I, continued

Item 1A. Risk Factors

General economic conditions in our market area could adversely affect us.

We are affected by the general economic conditions in the local markets in which we operate. Conditions such as economic recession, falling home prices, rising foreclosures and other factors beyond our control could lead to, among other things, an increased level of commercial and consumer delinquencies. If economic conditions in our market deteriorate, we could experience further adverse consequences, including a decline in demand for our products and services and an increase in problem assets, foreclosures and loan losses. Future economic conditions in our market will depend on factors outside of our control such as political and market conditions, broad trends in industry and finance, legislative and regulatory changes, changes in government, military and fiscal policies and inflation, any of which could negatively affect our performance and financial condition.

  

Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in the loan portfolio.

Like all financial institutions, we maintain an allowance for loan losses to provide for loans that our borrowers may not repay in their entirety. We believe that we maintain an allowance for loan losses at a level adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Through a periodic review and consideration of the loan portfolio, management determines the amount of the allowance for loan losses by considering general market conditions, credit quality of the loan portfolio, the collateral supporting the loans and performance of customers relative to their financial obligations with us.

The amount of future losses is susceptible to changes in economic, operating and other conditions, including changes in interest rates, which may be beyond our control, and these losses may exceed current estimates. Although we believe the allowance for loan losses is a reasonable estimate of known and inherent losses in the loan portfolio, it cannot fully predict such losses or that the loss allowance will be adequate in the future. While the risk of nonpayment is inherent in banking, we could experience greater nonpayment levels than we anticipate. In addition, we have loan participation arrangements with several other banks within the region and may not be able to exercise control of negotiations with borrowers in the event these loans do not perform. Additional problems with asset quality could cause our interest income and net interest margin to decrease and our provisions for loan losses to increase, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Federal and state regulators periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require us to increase our provision for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different than those of management. Any increase in the amount of the provision or loans charged-off as required by these regulatory agencies could have a negative effect on our operating results.

Our loan concentrations could, as a result of adverse market conditions, increase credit losses which could adversely impact earnings.

We offer a variety of secured loans, including commercial lines of credit, commercial term loans, real estate, construction, home equity, consumer and other loans. Many of our loans are secured by real estate (both residential and commercial) in our market area, which could result in adverse consequences to us in the event of a prolonged economic downturn in our market. As of December 31, 2018, approximately 77% of our loans had real estate as a primary or secondary component of collateral.  A significant decline in real estate values in our market would mean that the collateral for many of our loans would provide less security. As a result, we would be more likely to suffer losses on defaulted loans because our ability to fully recover on defaulted loans by selling the real estate collateral would be diminished. In addition, our consumer and dealer loans (such as automobile loans) are collateralized, if at all, with assets that may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the loan due to depreciation, damage or loss.

In addition, we have a large portfolio of residential mortgages which could be adversely affected by a decline in the real estate markets. Construction and development lending entails significant additional risks, because these loans, which often involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers, are dependent on the successful completion of real estate projects. Loan funds for construction and development loans often are advanced upon the security of the land or home under construction, which value is estimated prior to the completion of construction.  The deterioration of one or a few of these loans could cause a significant increase in the percentage of non-performing loans. An increase in non-performing loans could result in a loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for loan losses and an increase in charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

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PART I, continued

Item 1A. Risk Factors, continued

Our dealer finance division exposes us to increased credit risks.

In 2012, the Bank began a loan production office which specializes in providing consumer installment loans to finance automobile purchases through a network of automobile dealers. As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately $98 million in loans outstanding in this portfolio. We serve customers over a broad range of creditworthiness, and the required terms and rates are reflective of those risk profiles. While these loans have higher yields than many of our other loans, such loans involve significant risks in addition to normal credit risk. Potential risk elements associated with indirect lending include the limited personal contact with the borrower as a result of indirect lending through our network of dealers, the absence of assured continued employment of the borrower, the varying general creditworthiness of the borrower, changes in the local economy and difficulty in monitoring collateral. While indirect automobile loans are secured, such loans are secured by depreciating assets and characterized by loan to value ratios that could result in us not recovering the full value of an outstanding loan upon default by the borrower. Delinquencies, charge-offs and repossessions of vehicles in this portfolio are always concerns. If general economic conditions worsen, we may experience higher levels of delinquencies, repossessions and charge-offs.

Our small-to-medium sized business target market may have fewer financial resources to weather continued downturn in the economy.

We target our commercial development and marketing strategy primarily to serve the banking and financial services needs of small and medium sized businesses. These businesses generally have less capital or borrowing capacity than larger entities. If general economic conditions negatively impact this major economic sector in the markets in which we operate, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Our inability to maintain adequate sources of funding and liquidity may negatively impact our current financial condition or our ability to grow.

Our access to funding and liquidity sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities on terms which are acceptable to us could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry or economy in general.  In managing our balance sheet, a primary source of funding asset growth and liquidity historically has been deposits, including both local customer deposits and brokered deposits.  If the level of deposits were to materially decrease, we would have to raise additional funds by increasing the interest that we pay on certificates of deposit or other depository accounts, seek other debt or equity financing, or draw upon our available lines of credit.  Our access to these funding and liquidity sources could be detrimentally impacted by a number of factors, including operating losses, rising levels of non-performing assets, a decrease in the level of our business activity as a result of a downturn in the markets in which our loans or deposits are concentrated or regulatory restrictions.  In addition, our ability to continue to attract deposits and other funding or liquidity sources is subject to variability based upon additional factors including volume and volatility in the securities markets and the relative interest rates that we are prepared to pay for these liabilities.  We do not maintain significant additional sources of liquidity through potential sales in our investment portfolio or liquid assets at the holding company level.  Our potential inability to maintain adequate sources of funding or liquidity may, among other things, inhibit our ability to fund asset growth or negatively impact our financial condition, including our ability to pay dividends or satisfy our obligations.

If we do not maintain our capital requirements and our status as a “well-capitalized” bank, there could an adverse effect on our liquidity and our ability to fund our loan portfolio.

We are subject to regulatory capital adequacy guidelines. If we fail to meet the capital adequacy guidelines for a “well-capitalized” bank, it could increase the regulatory scrutiny for the Bank and the Company.  In addition, if we failed to be “well capitalized” for regulatory capital purposes, we would not be able to renew or accept brokered deposits without prior regulatory approval and we would not be able to offer interest rates on our deposit accounts that are significantly higher than the average rates in our market area. As a result, it would be more difficult for us to attract new deposits as our existing brokered deposits mature and do not roll over and to retain or increase existing, non-brokered deposits.  If we are prohibited from renewing or accepting brokered deposits and are unable to attract new deposits, our liquidity and our ability to fund our loan portfolio may be adversely affected.  In addition, we could be required to pay higher insurance premiums to the FDIC, which would reduce our earnings.

10

PART I, continued

Item 1A. Risk Factors, continued

We are subject to more stringent capital requirements as a result of the Basel III regulatory capital reforms and the Dodd-Frank Act which could adversely affect our results of operations and future growth.

In 2013, the Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the OCC approved a new rule that substantially amended the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to us. The final rule implements the “Basel III” regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule includes new minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios which were effective for us on January 1, 2015 and refines the definition of what constitutes “capital” for purposes of calculating these ratios. The new minimum capital requirements are: (i) a new common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 6%; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8%; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. The final rule also established a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% above the new regulatory minimum capital ratios, which is phased in as of January 1, 2019 Including this buffer, we effectively are subject to the following minimum ratios beginning January 1, 2019: (a) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%; (b) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 8.5%; and (c) a total capital ratio of 10.5%. An institution will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations will establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that can be utilized for such activities. In addition, the final rule provides for a number of new deductions from and adjustments to capital and prescribes a revised approach for risk weightings that could result in higher risk weights for a variety of asset categories.

While the recently passed Economic Growth Act requires that federal banking regulators establish a simplified leverage capital framework for smaller banks, these more stringent capital requirements for us could, among other things, result in lower returns on equity, require the raising of additional capital, adversely affect our future growth opportunities, and result in regulatory actions such as a prohibition on the payment of dividends or on the repurchase shares if we are unable to comply with such requirements.

Our future success is dependent on our ability to effectively compete in the face of substantial competition from other financial institutions in our primary markets and other non-bank competitors.

We encounter significant competition for deposits, loans and other financial services from banks and other financial institutions, including savings and loan associations, savings banks, finance companies, and credit unions in our market area. A number of these banks and other financial institutions are significantly larger than us and have substantially greater access to capital and other resources, larger lending limits, more extensive branch systems, and may offer a wider array of banking services. In addition, credit unions have been able to increasingly expand their membership definitions and, because they enjoy a favorable tax status, may be able to offer more attractive loan and deposit pricing. To a limited extent, we compete with other providers of financial services, such as money market mutual funds, brokerage firms, consumer finance companies, marketplace lenders and other financial technology firms, insurance companies and governmental organizations any of which may offer more favorable financing rates and terms than us. Many of these non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations that govern us. As a result, these non-bank competitors may have advantages in providing certain services. This competition may reduce or limit our margins and our market share and may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our inability to successfully manage growth or implement our growth strategy may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategy if we are unable to identify attractive markets, locations or opportunities to expand in the future.  Our ability to manage growth successfully also depends on whether we can maintain capital levels adequate to support our growth, maintain cost controls, asset quality and successfully integrate any businesses acquired into the organization.

As we continue to implement our growth strategy, we may incur increased personnel, occupancy and other operating expenses. We must absorb those higher expenses while we begin to generate new deposits, and there is a further time lag involved in redeploying new deposits into attractively priced loans and other higher yielding earning assets. Thus, our plans to branch could depress earnings in the short run, even if we efficiently execute a branching strategy leading to long-term financial benefits.

11

PART I, continued

Item 1A. Risk Factors, continued

 

Our exposure to operational risk may adversely affect us.

Similar to other financial institutions, we are exposed to many types of operational risk, including reputational risk, legal and compliance risk, the risk of fraud or theft by employees or outsiders, unauthorized transactions by employees or operational errors, including clerical or record-keeping errors or those resulting from faulty or disabled computer or telecommunications systems.

Reputational risk, or the risk to our earnings and capital from negative public opinion, could result from our actual alleged conduct in any number of activities, including lending practices, corporate governance, regulatory compliance or the occurrence of any of the events or instances mentioned below, or from actions taken by government regulators or community organizations in response to that conduct. Negative public opinion could also result from adverse news or publicity that impairs the reputation of the financial services industry generally.

Further, if any of our financial, accounting, or other data processing systems fail or have other significant shortcomings, we could be adversely affected. We depend on internal systems and outsourced technology to support these data storage and processing operations. Our inability to use or access these information systems at critical points in time could unfavorably impact the timeliness and efficiency of our business operations. We could be adversely affected if one of our employees causes a significant operational break-down or failure, either as a result of human error or where an individual purposefully sabotages or fraudulently manipulates our operations or systems. We are also at risk of the impact of natural disasters, terrorism and international hostilities on our systems or for the effects of outages or other failures involving power or communications systems operated by others.

Misconduct by employees could include fraudulent, improper or unauthorized activities on behalf of clients or improper use of confidential information. We may not be able to prevent employee errors or misconduct, and the precautions we take to detect this type of activity might not be effective in all cases. Employee errors or misconduct could subject us to civil claims for negligence or regulatory enforcement actions, including fines and restrictions on our business.

In addition, there have been instances where financial institutions have been victims of fraudulent activity in which criminals pose as customers to initiate wire and automated clearinghouse transactions out of customer accounts. Although we have policies and procedures in place to verify the authenticity of our customers, we cannot assure that such policies and procedures will prevent all fraudulent transfers. Such activity can result in financial liability and harm to our reputation.

If any of the foregoing risks materialize, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations rely on certain external vendors.

We are reliant upon certain external vendors to provide products and services necessary to maintain our day-to-day operations. Accordingly, our operations are exposed to risk that these vendors will not perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements under service agreements. Although we maintain a system of comprehensive policies and a control framework designed to monitor vendor risks, the failure of an external vendor to perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements under service agreements could be disruptive to our operations, which could have a material adverse impact on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.

12

PART I, continued

Item 1A. Risk Factors, continued

Changes in market interest rates could affect our cash flows and our ability to successfully manage our interest rate risk.

Our profitability and financial condition depend to a great extent on our ability to manage the net interest margin, which is the difference between the interest income earned on loans and investments and the interest expense paid for deposits and borrowings. The amounts of interest income and interest expense are principally driven by two factors; the market levels of interest rates, and the volumes of earning assets or interest bearing liabilities. The management of the net interest margin is accomplished by our Asset Liability Committee. Short term interest rates are highly sensitive to factors beyond our control and are effectively set and managed by the Federal Reserve, while longer term rates are generally determined by the market based on investors’ inflationary expectations. Thus, changes in monetary and or fiscal policy will affect both short term and long term interest rates which in turn will influence the origination of loans, the prepayment speed of loans, the purchase of investments, the generation of deposits and the rates received on loans and investment securities and paid on deposits or other sources of funding. The impact of these changes may be magnified if we do not effectively manage the relative sensitivity of our earning assets and interest bearing liabilities to changes in market interest rates. We generally attempt to maintain a neutral position in terms of the volume of earning assets and interest bearing liabilities that mature or can re-price within a one year period in order that we may maintain the maximum net interest margin; however, interest rate fluctuations, loan prepayments, loan production and deposit flows are constantly changing and greatly influence this ability to maintain a neutral position.

Generally, our earnings will be more sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates the greater the difference between the volume of earning assets and interest bearing liabilities that mature or are subject to re-pricing in any period. The extent and duration of this sensitivity will depend on the cumulative difference over time, the velocity and direction of interest rate changes, and whether we are more asset sensitive or liability sensitive. Additionally, the Asset Liability Committee may desire to move our position to more asset sensitive or more liability sensitive depending upon their expectation of the direction and velocity of future changes in interest rates in an effort to maximize the net interest margin. Should we not be successful in maintaining the desired position, or should interest rates not move as anticipated, our net interest margin may be negatively impacted.   

Our operations may be adversely affected by cyber security risks.

In the ordinary course of business, we collect and store sensitive data, including proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of its customers and employees in systems and on networks. The secure processing, maintenance and use of this information is critical to operations and our business strategy. We have invested in accepted technologies and review processes and practices that are designed to protect our networks, computers and data from damage or unauthorized access. Despite these security measures, our computer systems and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. A breach of any kind could compromise systems and the information stored there could be accessed, damaged or disclosed. A breach in security could result in legal claims, regulatory penalties, disruption in operations, and damage to our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Legislative or regulatory changes or actions, or significant litigation, could adversely impact us or the businesses in which we are engaged.

We are subject to extensive state and federal regulation, supervision and legislation that govern almost all aspects of our operations. Laws and regulations may change from time to time and are primarily intended for the protection of consumers, depositors and the deposit insurance funds. The impact of any changes to laws and regulations or other actions by regulatory agencies may negatively impact us or our ability to increase the value of our business. Additionally, actions by regulatory agencies or significant litigation against us could cause us to devote significant time and resources to defending ourselves and may lead to penalties that materially affect us. Future changes in the laws or regulations or their interpretations or enforcement could be materially adverse us and our shareholders.

13

PART I, continued

Item 1A. Risk Factors, continued

 

Changes in accounting standards could impact reported earnings.

The accounting standard setters, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), SEC and other regulatory bodies, periodically change the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. These changes can be difficult to predict and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in the restatement of prior period financial statements. For example, a new accounting standard referred to as current expected credit loss, or CECL, will be effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020, and will substantially change how we calculate our allowance for loan losses. To implement the new standard, the Company will incur costs related to data collection and documentation, technology and training. Although the Company is currently unable to reasonably estimate the impact of the new standard on its financial statements, adoption of the new standard could necessitate, among other things, higher loan loss reserve levels, and the Company expects to recognize a one-time cumulative effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses during the quarter in which the standard becomes effective. If the Company is required to materially increase the level of the allowance for loan losses or incurs additional expenses to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses, such changes could adversely affect the Company’s capital levels, financial condition and results of operations.

Consumers may decide not to use banks to complete their financial transactions.

Technology and other changes are allowing parties to complete financial transactions through alternative methods that historically have involved banks. The activity and prominence of so-called marketplace lenders and other technological financial service companies have grown significantly over recent years and is expected to continue growing. In addition, consumers can now maintain funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts, mutual funds or general-purpose reloadable prepaid cards. Consumers can also complete transactions, such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. If we are unable to address the competitive pressures that we face, we could lose market share, which could result in reduced net revenue and profitability and lower returns, as well as the loss of customer deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost of deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Failure to keep pace with technological change could adversely affect our business.

The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions and other firms to better serve customers and to reduce costs. The pace of technological changes has increase in the “Fintech” environment, in which industry changing products and services are often introduced and adopted including innovative ways that customers can make payments, access products, and manage accounts. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services, which could entail significant time, resources and additional risk to develop or adopt, or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.

14

PART I, continued

Item 1A. Risk Factors, continued

 

The full impact of changes to federal tax laws is uncertain and may negatively impact our financial performance.

We are subject to changes in tax law that could increase our effective tax rates. These law changes may be retroactive to previous periods and, as a result, could negatively affect our current and future financial performance.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the full impact of which is subject to further evaluation and analysis, is likely to have both positive and negative effects on our financial performance. For example, the new legislation resulted in a reduction in our federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018, which has had and is expected to continue to have a favorable impact on our earnings and capital generation abilities. However, the new legislation also enacted limitations on certain deductions, such as the deduction of FDIC deposit insurance premiums, which will partially offset the anticipated increase in net earnings from the lower tax rate. Further, the full impact of the Tax Act may differ from the foregoing and from our expectations, possibly materially, due to changes in interpretations or in assumptions that we have made or that we make in 2019, guidance or regulations that may be promulgated, and other actions that we may take as a result of the Tax Act.

Similarly, the Bank’s customers are likely to experience varying effects from both the individual and business tax provisions of the Tax Act. For example, changes to tax deductibility of business interest expense could impact business customer borrowing. Such effects, whether positive or negative, may have a corresponding impact on our business and the economy as a whole.

The Bank may be required to transition from the use of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) index in the future.

The Bank has certain variable-rate loans indexed to LIBOR to calculate the loan interest rate. The United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, has announced that the continued availability of the LIBOR on the current basis is not guaranteed after 2021. It is impossible to predict whether and to what extent banks will continue to provide LIBOR submissions to the administrator of LIBOR or whether any additional reforms to LIBOR may be enacted in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. At this time, no consensus exists as to what rate or rates may become acceptable alternatives to LIBOR, and it is impossible to predict the effect of any such alternatives on the value of LIBOR-based variable-rate loans, as well as LIBOR-based securities, subordinated notes, or other securities or financial arrangements. The implementation of a substitute index or indices for the calculation of interest rates under the Bank’s loan agreements with borrowers or other financial arrangements may cause the Bank to incur significant expenses in effecting the transition, may result in reduced loan balances if borrowers do not accept the substitute index or indices, and may result in disputes or litigation with customers or other counter-parties over the appropriateness or comparability to LIBOR of the substitute index or indices, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s results of operations.

15

PART I, continued

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

The Company does not have any unresolved staff comments to report for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 2. Properties

The locations of F & M Bank Corp. and its subsidiaries are shown below.

Corporate Offices	205 South Main Street	Timberville, VA 22853
Timberville Branch	165 New Market Road	Timberville, VA 22853
Elkton Branch	127 West Rockingham Street	Elkton, VA 22827
Broadway Branch	126 Timberway	Broadway, VA 22815
Bridgewater Branch	100 Plaza Drive	Bridgewater, VA 22812
Edinburg Branch	120 South Main Street	Edinburg, VA 22824
Woodstock Branch	161 South Main Street	Woodstock, VA 22664
Crossroads Branch	80 Cross Keys Road	Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Coffman’s Corner Branch	2030 Legacy Lane	Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Luray Branch	700 East Main Street	Luray, VA 22835
Myers Corner Branch	30 Gosnell Crossing	Staunton, VA 24401
North Augusta Branch	2813 North Augusta Street	Staunton, VA 22401
Craigsville Branch	125 W. Craig Street	Craigsville, VA 24430
Grottoes Branch	200 Augusta Avenue	Grottoes, VA 24441
Dealer Finance Division	4759 Spotswood Trail	Penn Laird, VA 22846
F&M Mortgage offices are located at:
Harrisonburg Office	2040 Deyerle Avenue, Suite 107	Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Fishersville Office	19 Myers Corner Drive, Suite 105	Staunton, VA 24401
Woodstock Office	161 South Main Street	Woodstock, VA 22664
VSTitle offices are located at:
Harrisonburg Office	410 Neff Avenue	Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Fishersville Office	1707 Jefferson Highway	Fishersville, VA 22939
Charlottesville Office	154 Hansen Rd., Suite 202-C	Charlottesville, VA 22911

With the exception of the Edinburg Branch, Luray Branch, Dealer Finance Division, and the North Augusta Branch, the remaining facilities are owned by Farmers & Merchants Bank. ATMs are available at all branch locations. The Woodstock office of F&M Mortgage is leased from F&M Bank. All office of VST are leased.

Through an agreement with FCTI, Inc., the Bank also operates cash only ATMs at five Food Lion grocery stores, one in Mt. Jackson, VA and four in Harrisonburg, VA. The Bank has an agreement with CardTronics ATM to operate twelve cash only ATMs in various Rite Aid Pharmacies, CVS Pharmacies and Target Stores in Rockingham and Augusta Counties of VA. The Bank also has an agreement with ATM USA to operate ATMs in various locations in our market area.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

In the normal course of business, the Company may become involved in litigation arising from banking, financial, or other activities of the Company. Management after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the ultimate liability, if any, arising out of these matters will have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, operating results or liquidity.

16

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (dollars in thousands)

Stock Listing

The Company’s Common Stock is quoted under the symbol “FMBM” on the OTCQX Market. The bid and ask price is quoted at www.OTCMARKETS.com/Stock/FMBM/quote. Any over-the-counter market quotations reflect iner-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions. With its inclusion on the OTCQX Markets, there are now several active market makers for FMBM stock.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions

PO Box 1342

Brentwood, NY 11717

Stock Performance

The following graph compares the cumulative total return to the shareholders of the Company for the last five fiscal years with the total return of the Russell 2000 Index and the SNL Bank Index, as reported by SNL Financial, LC, assuming an investment of $100 in the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2013, and the reinvestment of dividends.

	Period Ending
Index	12/31/13	12/31/14	12/31/15	12/31/16	12/31/17	12/31/18
F & M Bank Corp.	100.00	109.35	131.74	156.15	204.67	191.92
Russell 2000 Index	100.00	104.89	100.26	121.63	139.44	124.09
SNL Bank Index	100.00	111.79	113.69	143.65	169.64	140.98

17

PART II, continued

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (dollars in thousands), continued

Recent Stock Prices and Dividends

Dividends to common shareholders totaled $3,890 and $2,972 in 2018 and 2017, respectively. In addition to regular dividends totaling $1.00 per share, a special dividend of $.20 per share was paid in 2018 to mark the Bank’s 110th anniversary. Preferred stock dividends were $413 and $415 in 2018 and 2017, respectively. Regular quarterly dividends have been declared for at least 26 years. The payment of dividends depends on the earnings of the Company and its subsidiaries, the financial condition of the Company and other factors including capital adequacy, regulatory requirements, general economic conditions and shareholder returns. The ratio of dividends per common share to net income per common share was 44.78% (including special dividend) in 2018, compared to 35.74% in 2017.

Refer to Payment of Dividends in Item 1. Business, Regulation and Supervision section above for a summary of applicable restrictions on the Company’s ability to pay dividends.

Stock Repurchases

On October 20, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to repurchase up to 150,000 shares of common stock. Shares repurchased through the end of 2018 totaled 71,422 shares; of this amount, 49,448 were repurchased in 2018 at an average price of $36.04 per share.

The number of common shareholders was approximately 2,083 as of March 4, 2019. This amount includes all shareholders, whether titled individually or held by a brokerage firm or custodian in street name.

Quarterly Stock Information

These quotes include the terms of trades transacted through a broker. The terms of exchanges occurring between individual parties may not be known to the Company.

	2018			2017
	Stock Price Range		Per Share	Stock Price Range		Per Share
Quarter	Low	High	Dividends Declared	Low	High	Dividends Declared
1st	$33.00	$35.50	$.45	$26.50	$28.45	$.22
2nd	34.50	40.00	.25	27.50	29.35	.23
3rd	36.00	38.50	.25	29.20	32.00	.24
4th	30.00	36.00	.25	30.02	34.50	.25
Total			$1.20			$.94

18

PART II, continued

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Five Year Summary of Selected Financial Data

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)	2018	2017	2016	20156	20146
Income Statement Data:
Interest and Dividend Income	$36,708	$34,095	$32,150	$29,404	$26,772
Interest Expense	4,832	3,897	3,599	2,876	3,648
Net Interest Income	31,876	30,198	28,551	26,528	23,124
Provision for Loan Losses	2,930	-	-	300	2,250
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses	28,946	30,198	28,551	26,228	20,874
Noninterest Income6	8,770	8,517	6,313	5,412	3,530
Low income housing partnership losses	(767)	(625)	(731)	(619)	(608)
Noninterest Expenses6	26,744	24,719	21,272	19,554	15,656
Income before income taxes	10,205	13,371	12,861	11,467	8,140
Income Tax Expense	1,110	4,330	3,099	2,886	2,293
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(10)	(31)	(194)	(164)	(45)
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	$9,085	$9,010	$9,568	$8,417	$5,802
Per Common Share Data:
Net Income – basic	$2.68	$2.63	$2.77	$2.40	$1.82
Net Income - diluted	$2.53	$2.48	$2.57	$2.25	$1.80
Dividends Declared	1.20	.94	.80	.73	.68
Book Value per Common Share	26.84	25.73	24.18	22.38	20.77
Balance Sheet Data:
Assets	$780,253	$753,270	$744,889	$665,357	$605,308
Loans Held for Investment	638,799	616,974	591,636	544,053	518,202
Loans Held for Sale	55,910	39,775	62,735	57,806	13,382
Securities	21,844	41,243	39,475	25,329	22,305
Deposits	591,325	569,177	537,085	494,670	491,505
Short-Term Debt	40,116	25,296	40,000	24,954	14,358
Long-Term Debt	40,218	49,733	64,237	48,161	9,875
Stockholders’ Equity	91,911	91,275	86,682	82,950	77,798
Average Common Shares Outstanding – basic	3,238	3,270	3,282	3,291	3,119
Average Common Shares Outstanding – diluted	3,596	3,632	3,717	3,735	3,230
Financial Ratios:
Return on Average Assets1	1.19%	1.21%	1.34%	1.31%	1.00%
Return on Average Equity1	9.89%	10.01%	11.18%	10.46%	8.65%
Net Interest Margin	4.65%	4.53%	4.34%	4.43%	4.30%
Efficiency Ratio 2	65.50%	63.54%	60.78%	60.97%	58.51%
Dividend Payout Ratio - Common	44.78%	35.74%	28.88%	30.42%	37.36%
Capital and Credit Quality Ratios:
Average Equity to Average Assets1	12.03%	12.10%	11.97%	12.49%	11.59%
Allowance for Loan Losses to Loans3	.82%	.98%	1.27%	1.61%	1.68%
Nonperforming Loans to Total Assets4	1.31%	.94%	.65%	.98%	1.15%
Nonperforming Assets to Total Assets5	1.62%	1.21%	.94%	1.34%	1.73%
Net Charge-offs to Total Loans3	.58%	.24%	.21%	.04%	.33%

1

Ratios are primarily based on daily average balances.

2

The Efficiency Ratio equals noninterest expenses divided by the sum of tax equivalent net interest income and noninterest income. Noninterest income excludes gains (losses) on securities transactions and LIH Partnership losses. Noninterest expense excludes amortization of intangibles. Ratio for 2015 and 2014 reflects reclassification of F&M Mortgage to report gross income/expense rather than net.

3

Calculated based on Loans Held for Investment, excludes Loans Held for Sale.

4

Calculated based on 90 day past due and non-accrual to Total Assets.

5

Calculated based on 90 day past due, non-accrual and OREO to Total Assets

6

Data for 2015 and 2016 does not reflect the reclassification of F&M Mortgage to report gross income/expense rather than net 

19

PART II, continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands)

The following discussion provides information about the major components of the results of operations and financial condition, liquidity and capital resources of F & M Bank Corp. and its subsidiaries. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, of this Form 10-K.

Lending Activities

Credit Policies

The principal risk associated with each of the categories of loans in our portfolio is the creditworthiness of our borrowers. Within each category, such risk is increased or decreased, depending on prevailing economic conditions. In an effort to manage the risk, our loan policy gives loan amount approval limits to individual loan officers based on their position and level of experience and to our loan committees based on the size of the lending relationship. The risk associated with real estate and construction loans, commercial loans and consumer loans varies, based on market employment levels, consumer confidence, fluctuations in the value of real estate and other conditions that affect the ability of borrowers to repay indebtedness. The risk associated with real estate construction loans varies, based on the supply and demand for the type of real estate under construction.

We have written policies and procedures to help manage credit risk. We have a loan review policy that includes regular portfolio reviews to establish loss exposure and to ascertain compliance with our loan policy.

We use a management loan committee and a directors’ loan committee to approve loans. The management loan committee is comprised of members of senior management, and the directors’ loan committee is comprised of any six directors. Both committees approve new, renewed and or modified loans that exceed officer loan authorities. The directors’ loan committee also reviews any changes to our lending policies, which are then approved by our board of directors.

Construction and Development Lending

We make construction loans, primarily residential, and land acquisition and development loans. The construction loans are secured by residential houses under construction and the underlying land for which the loan was obtained. The average life of a construction loan is approximately 12 months, and it is typically re-priced as the prime rate of interest changes. Construction lending entails significant additional risks, compared with residential mortgage lending. Construction loans often involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Another risk involved in construction lending is attributable to the fact that loan funds are advanced upon the security of the land or home under construction, which value is estimated prior to the completion of construction. Thus, it is more difficult to evaluate accurately the total loan funds required to complete a project and related loan-to-value ratios. To mitigate the risks associated with construction lending, we generally limit loan amounts to 75% to 90% of appraised value, in addition to analyzing the creditworthiness of our borrowers. We also obtain a first lien on the property as security for our construction loans and typically require personal guarantees from the borrower’s principal owners.

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PART II, continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Commercial Real Estate Lending

Commercial real estate loans are secured by various types of commercial real estate in our market area, including multi-family residential buildings, commercial buildings and offices, shopping centers and churches. Commercial real estate lending entails significant additional risks, compared with residential mortgage lending. Commercial real estate loans typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Additionally, the payment experience on loans secured by income producing properties is typically dependent on the successful operation of a business or a real estate project and thus may be subject, to a greater extent, to adverse conditions in the real estate market or in the economy in general. Our commercial real estate loan underwriting criteria require an examination of debt service coverage ratios and the borrower’s creditworthiness, prior credit history and reputation. We also evaluate the location of the property securing the loan and typically require personal guarantees or endorsements of the borrower’s principal owners.

Business Lending

Business loans generally have a higher degree of risk than residential mortgage loans but have higher yields. To manage these risks, we generally obtain appropriate collateral and personal guarantees from the borrower’s principal owners and monitor the financial condition of our business borrowers. Residential mortgage loans generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from employment and other income and are secured by real estate whose value tends to be readily ascertainable. In contrast, business loans typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from cash flow from its business and are secured by business assets, such as real estate, accounts receivable, equipment and inventory. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of business loans is substantially dependent on the success of the business itself. Furthermore, the collateral for business loans may depreciate over time and generally cannot be appraised with as much precision as residential real estate.

Consumer Lending

We offer various consumer loans, including personal loans and lines of credit, automobile loans, deposit account loans, installment and demand loans, and home equity loans and lines of credit. Such loans are generally made to clients with whom we have a pre-existing relationship. We currently originate all of our consumer loans in our geographic market area.

The underwriting standards employed by us for consumer loans include a determination of the applicant’s payment history on other debts and an assessment of their ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan. The stability of the applicant’s monthly income may be determined by verification of gross monthly income from primary employment and additionally from any verifiable secondary income. Although creditworthiness of the applicant is of primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes an analysis of the value of the security in relation to the proposed loan amount. For home equity lines of credit and loans we require title insurance, hazard insurance and, if required, flood insurance.

Residential Mortgage Lending

The Bank makes residential mortgage loans for the purchase or refinance of existing loans with loan to value limits ranging between 80 and 90% depending on the age of the property, borrower’s income and credit worthiness. Loans that are retained in our portfolio generally carry adjustable rates that can change every three to five years, based on amortization periods of twenty to thirty years.

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PART II, continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Loans Held for Sale

The Bank makes fixed rate mortgage loans with terms of typically fifteen or thirty years through its subsidiary F&M Mortgage. These loans are funded by F&M Mortgage utilizing a line of credit at the Bank until sold to investors in the secondary market. Similarly, the Bank also has a relationship with Northpointe Bank in Grand Rapids, MI whereby it purchases fixed rate conforming 1-4 family mortgage loans for short periods of time pending those loans being sold to investors in the secondary market. These loans have an average duration of ten days to two weeks, but occasionally remain on the Bank’s books for up to 60 days. The Bank began its relationship with Northpointe Bank in 2014 and had a similar program with a prior bank since 2003. This relationship allows the Bank to achieve a higher rate of return than is available on other short term investment opportunities.

Dealer Finance Division

In September 2012, the Bank started a loan production office in Penn Laird, VA which specializes in providing automobile financing through a network of automobile dealers. The Dealer Finance Division was originally staffed with three officers that have extensive experience in Dealer Finance. Based on the strong growth of this division the staff has been increased to six employees. This office is serving the automobile finance needs for customers of dealers throughout the existing geographic footprint of the Bank. Approximately fifty dealers have signed contracts to originate loans on behalf of the Bank. As of year end 2018, the division had total loans outstanding of $98 million.

Critical Accounting Policies

General

The Company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The financial information contained within the statements is, to a significant extent, financial information that is based on measures of the financial effects of transactions and events that have already occurred. The Company’s financial position and results of operations are affected by management’s application of accounting policies, including estimates, assumptions and judgments made to arrive at the carrying value of assets and liabilities and amounts reported for revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or results of operations.

In addition, GAAP itself may change from one previously acceptable method to another method. Although the economics of these transactions would be the same, the timing of events that would impact these transactions could change. Following is a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies that are highly dependent on estimates, assumptions and judgments.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of the losses that may be sustained in the loan portfolio. The allowance is based on two basic principles of accounting: (i) ASC 450 “Contingencies”, which requires that losses be accrued when they are probable of occurring and estimable and (ii) ASC 310, “Receivables”, which requires that losses be accrued based on the differences between the value of collateral, present value of future cash flows or values that are observable in the secondary market and the loan balance. The Company’s allowance for loan losses is the accumulation of various components that are calculated based on independent methodologies. All components of the allowance represent an estimation performed pursuant to either ASC 450 or ASC 310. Management’s estimate of each ASC 450 component is based on certain observable data that management believes are most reflective of the underlying credit losses being estimated. This evaluation includes credit quality trends; collateral values; loan volumes; geographic, borrower and industry concentrations; seasoning of the dealer loan portfolio; the findings of internal credit quality assessments, results from external bank regulatory examinations and third-party loan reviewer. These factors, as well as historical losses and current economic and business conditions, are used in developing estimated loss factors used in the calculations.

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PART II, continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), continued

Allowance for Loan Losses, continued

Allowances for loan losses are determined by applying estimated loss factors to the portfolio based on management’s evaluation and “risk grading” of the loan portfolio. Specific allowances are typically provided on all impaired loans in excess of a defined loan size threshold that are classified in the Substandard or Doubtful risk grades. The specific reserves are determined on a loan-by-loan basis based on management’s evaluation of the Company’s exposure for each credit, given the current payment status of the loan and the value of any underlying collateral.

While management uses the best information available to establish the allowance for loan and lease losses, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the valuations or, if required by regulators, based upon information available to them at the time of their examinations. Such adjustments to original estimates, as necessary, are made in the period in which these factors and other relevant considerations indicate that loss levels may vary from previous estimates.

Goodwill and Intangibles

In June 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC 805, Business Combinations and ASC 350, Intangibles. The provisions of ASC 350 discontinue the amortization of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives. Instead, these assets are subject to an annual impairment review and more frequently if certain impairment indicators are in evidence. ASC 350 also requires that reporting units be identified for the purpose of assessing potential future impairments of goodwill.

The Company adopted ASC 350 on January 1, 2002. Goodwill totaled $2,639 at January 1, 2002. As of December 31, 2008, the Company recognized $31 in additional goodwill related to the purchase of 70% ownership in VBS Mortgage. In 2017, the Company recognized $211 in goodwill and $285 in intangibles related to the purchase of VST. The intangibles related to the VST purchase are amortized over periods up to 15 years with $53 recorded in 2018. In 2018, the Company recognized $3 in goodwill and $72 in intangibles related to the purchase of a small title company by VST. The intangible asset related to the purchase are amortized over 10 years.

The goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually. Based on this testing, there were no impairment charges for 2018, 2017 or 2016.

Income Tax

The determination of income taxes represents results in income and expense being recognized in different periods for financial reporting purposes versus for the purpose of computing income taxes currently payable. Deferred taxes are provided on such temporary differences and are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. Further, the Company seeks opportunities that minimize the tax effect of implementing its business strategies. Management makes judgments regarding the ultimate consequence of long-term tax planning strategies, including the likelihood of future recognition of deferred tax benefits. As a result, it is considered a significant estimate.

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PART II, continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), continued

Fair Value

The estimate of fair value involves the use of (1) quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets, (2) quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques using significant assumptions that are observable in the market or (3) model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. When observable market prices and parameters are not fully available, management’s judgment is necessary to arrive at fair value including estimates of current market participant expectations of future cash flows, risk premiums, among other things. Additionally, significant judgment may be required to determine whether certain assets measured at fair value are classified within the fair value hierarchy as Level 2 or Level 3. The estimation process and the potential materiality of the amounts involved result in this item being identified as critical.

Pension Plan Accounting

The accounting guidance for the measurement and recognition of obligations and expense related to pension plans generally applies the concept that the cost of benefits provided during retirement should be recognized over the employees’ active working life. Inherent in this concept is the requirement to use various actuarial assumptions to predict and measure costs and obligations many years prior to the settlement date. Major actuarial assumptions that require significant management judgment and have a material impact on the measurement of benefits expense and accumulated benefit obligation include discount rates, expected return on assets, mortality rates, and projected salary increases, among others. Changes in assumptions or judgments related to any of these variables could result in significant volatility in the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. As a result, accounting for the Company’s pension expense and obligation is considered a significant estimate. The estimation process and the potential materiality of the amounts involved result in this item being identified as critical.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)

OREO is held for sale and represents real estate acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. The Company’s policy is to carry OREO on its balance sheet at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.

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PART II, continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), continued

Overview

The Company’s net income for 2018 totaled $9,085 or $2.68 per common share basic, an increase of 83% from $9,010 or $2.63 a share in 2017. Return on average equity decreased in 2018 to 9.89% versus 10.01% in 2017, and the return on average assets decreased from 1.21% in 2017 to 1.19% in 2018.

Reference the five-year summary of selected financial data.

Changes in Net Income per Common Share (Basic)

	2018	2017
	to 2017	to 2016
Prior Year Net Income Per Common Share (Basic)	$2.63	$2.77
Change from differences in:
Net interest income	.52	.52
Provision for loan losses	(.90)	-
Noninterest income, excluding securities gains	.03	1.36
Security gains (losses), net	.01	(.01)
Noninterest expenses	(.63)	(1.66)
Income taxes	.99	(.38)
Effect of preferred stock dividend	.00	.02
Change in average shares outstanding	.03	.01
Total Change	.05	(.14)
Net Income Per Common Share (Basic)	$2.68	$2.63

Net Interest Income

The largest source of operating revenue for the Company is net interest income, which is calculated as the difference between the interest earned on earning assets and the interest expense paid on interest bearing liabilities. Net interest income increased 5.56% from 2017 to 2018 following an increase of 5.77% from 2016 to 2017. The net interest margin is the net interest income expressed as a percentage of interest earning assets. Changes in the volume and mix of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, along with their yields and rates, have a significant impact on the level of net interest income. Tax equivalent net interest income for 2018 was $31,957 representing an increase of $1,615 or 5.32% over the prior year. A 5.78% increase in 2017 versus 2016 resulted in total tax equivalent net interest income of $30,342.

In this discussion and in the tabular analysis of net interest income performance, entitled “Consolidated Average Balances, Yields and Rates,”, the interest earned on tax exempt loans and investment securities has been adjusted to reflect the amount that would have been earned had these investments been subject to normal income taxation. This is referred to as tax equivalent net interest income. For a reconciliation of tax equivalent net interest income to GAAP measures, see the following table.

Tax equivalent income on earning assets increased $2,550 in 2018 compared to 2017. Loans held for investment, expressed as a percentage of total earning assets, increased in 2018 to 92.72% as compared to 90.29% in 2017. During 2018, yields on earning assets increased 23 basis points (BP), primarily due to rate increases during 2018 specifically in real estate loans, investments and federal funds sold. The average cost of interest bearing liabilities increased 19BP in 2018, following an increase of 6BP in 2017. The increase in 2018 is due to increased cost of deposits and debt as rates increased.

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PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

The following table provides detail on the components of tax equivalent net interest income:

GAAP Financial Measurements: (Dollars in thousands).	2018	2017	2016
Interest Income – Loans	$36,129	$33,591	$31,740
Interest Income - Securities and Other Interest-Earnings Assets	579	504	410
Interest Expense – Deposits	3,425	2,688	2,380
Interest Expense - Other Borrowings	1,407	1,209	1,219
Total Net Interest Income	31,876	30,198	28,551
Non-GAAP Financial Measurements:
Add: Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income – Loans	81	144	132
Total Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income	81	144	132
Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income	$31,957	$30,342	$28,683

Interest Income

Tax equivalent interest income increased $2,550 or 7.45% in 2018, after increasing 6.06% or $1,957 in 2017. Overall, the yield on earning assets increased .23%, from 5.12% to 5.35%. Average loans held for investment grew during 2018, with average loans outstanding increasing $33,217 to $637,478. Average real estate loans increased 4.04%, commercial loans increased 2.93% and consumer installment loans increased 15.97% on average. The increase in average consumer loans is a result of the growth in our Dealer Finance Division which opened at the end of 2012. The increase in tax equivalent interest income is due to the growth in the loan portfolio, with commercial loans contributing the most interest income growth and rate increases experienced during the year.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $935 or 23.99% during 2018, which followed a 8.28% increase or $298 in 2017. The average cost of funds of 1.02% increased 19BP compared to 2017, which followed an increase of 6BP in 2017 compared to 2016. Average interest bearing liabilities increased $7,577 or 1.62% in 2018following a relatively flat 2017. Changes in the cost of funds attributable to rate and volume variances are in a following table.

The analysis on the next page reveals an increase in the net interest margin to 4.65% in 2018 from 4.53% in 2017, primarily due to changes in balance sheet leverage and increased interest rates during the year.

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PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Consolidated Average Balances, Yields and Rates1

	2018			2017			2016
	Balance	Interest	Rate	Balance	Interest	Rate	Balance	Interest	Rate
ASSETS
Loans2
Commercial	$187,999	$9,754	5.19%	$182,646	$9,475	5.19%	$176,389	$8,362	4.74%
Real estate	344,191	17,967	5.22%	330,828	16,678	5.04%	312,435	15,781	5.05%
Consumer	105,288	7,425	7.05%	90,787	6,470	7.13%	78,524	5,805	7.39%
Loans held for investment4	637,478	35,146	5.52%	604,261	32,623	5.40%	567,348	29,948	5.28%
Loans held for sale	29,971	1,064	3.48%	37,008	1,112	3.00%	68,438	1,924	2.81%
Investment securities3
Fully taxable	13,702	457	3.34%	10,886	338	3.10%	15,714	372	2.37%
Partially taxable	124	2	1.61%	125	-	-	125	-	-
Total investment securities	13,826	459	3.32%	11,011	338	3.07%	15,839	372	2.37%
Interest bearing deposits in banks	924	15	1.62%	1,512	10	.66%	727	3	.41%
Federal funds sold	5,364	105	1.96%	15,475	156	1.01%	7,195	35	.49%
Total Earning Assets	687,563	36,789	5.35%	669,267	34,239	5.12%	659,547	32,282	4.89%
Allowance for loan losses	(6,416)			(6,793)			(8,162)
Nonearning assets	82,732			81,552			63,205
Total Assets	$763,879			$744,026			$714,590
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits
Demand –interest bearing	$128,086	$814	.64%	$121,095	$538	.44%	$113,525	$499	.44%
Savings	121,711	544	.45%	114,489	516	.45%	100,298	441	.44%
Time deposits	161,635	2,067	1.28%	159,415	1,634	1.02%	160,221	1,440	.90%
Total interest bearing deposits	411,432	3,425	.83%	394,999	2,688	.68%	374,044	2,380	.64%
Short-term debt	24,336	456	1.87%	20,398	63	.31%	37,716	55	.15%
Long-term debt	40,210	951	2.37%	53,004	1,146	2.16%	56,253	1,164	2.07%
Total interest bearing liabilities	475,978	4,832	1.02%	468,401	3,897	.83%	468,013	3,599	.77%
Noninterest bearing deposits	161,860			153,640			141,180
Other liabilities	34,138			31,936			19,824
Total liabilities	671,976			653,977			629,017
Stockholders’ equity	91,903			90,049			85,572
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$763,879			$744,026			$714,590
		$17,508			$17,508			$17,508
Net interest earnings		$31,957			$30,342			$28,683
Net yield on interest earning assets (NIM)			4.65%			4.53%			4.34%

1      

Income and yields are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using the applicable federal income tax rate of 21% in 2018 and 34% in 2017 and 2016.

2      

Interest income on loans includes loan fees.

3      

Average balance information is reflective of historical cost and has not been adjusted for changes in market value.

4      

Includes nonaccrual loans.

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PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

The following table illustrates the effect of changes in volumes and rates.

	2018 Compared to 2017			2017 Compared to 2016
	Increase (Decrease)			Increase (Decrease)
	Due to Change		Increase	Due to Change		Increase
	in Average:		Or	in Average:		or
	Volume	Rate	(Decrease)	Volume	Rate	(Decrease)
Interest income
Loans held for investment	$1,794	729	2,523	$1,949	$726	$2,675
Loans held for sale	(211)	163	(48)	(884)	72	(812)
Investment securities
Fully taxable	87	32	119	(114)	80	(34)
Partially taxable	-	-	-	-	-	-
Interest bearing deposits in banks	(4)	9	5	3	4	7
Federal funds sold	(102)	51	(51)	40	81	121
Total Interest Income	1,564	984	2,548	994	963	1,957
Interest expense
Deposits
Demand                       - interest bearing	31	245	276	33	6	39
Savings	32	(4)	28	62	13	75
Time deposits	251	182	433	(7)	201	194
Short-term debt	12	381	393	(25)	33	8
Long-term debt	(276)	81	(195)	(67)	49	(18)
Total Interest Expense	50	885	935	(4)	302	298
Net Interest Income	1,514	99	1,613	$998	$661	$1,659

Note: Volume changes have been determined by multiplying the prior years’ average rate by the change in average balances outstanding. The rate change is determined by multiplying the current year average balance outstanding by the change in rate from the prior year to the current year.

Noninterest Income

Noninterest income continues to be an increasingly important factor in maintaining and growing profitability. Management is conscious of the need to constantly review fee income and develop additional sources of complementary revenue. During 2017, F&M Mortgage’s income was reclassified to report gross income and gross expenses in the appropriate income statement categories rather than netting in noninterest income, the 2016 income statements were reclassified to be comparative.

Noninterest income, exclusive of security gains or losses and FHLB prepayment gain, increased 8.88% or $715, in 2018, following an increase of 27.59% in 2017. In 2017, the Company recognized a FHLB prepayment gain of $504 which was recorded in noninterest income. The 2018 increase is due to growth in the gross revenue of VST Title, F & M Financial services and F&M Mortgage and service charges on deposit accounts. The losses on low income housing projects increased of 22.72% in 2018, an amount that is more consistent with our historical average, after a decrease of 14.5% for 2017 due to recognition of $162,000 in gains related to a fund that was dissolved.

The Company reported an investment loss related to both the Bank and VBS exiting the Bankers Title investment in 2017. The total loss was $42. There were no other security transactions in 2018, 2017 or 2016 which resulted in a gain or loss.

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PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expenses increased from $24,719 in 2017 to $26,744 in 2018, a 8.19% increase. Salary and benefits increased 10.65% to $16,436 in 2018 following an increase of 16.05% in 2017. This increase was the result of normal salary increases, additions to executive staff, overlapping positions during CEO transition and increasing benefit costs (specifically pension expense). Occupancy and Equipment expenses increased $289 or 15.45% due to the growth in our branch network following an increase of 16.72% in 2017. All other operating expenses increased $154 in 2018, following a $1,125 increase in 2017. Total noninterest expense as a percentage of average assets totaled 3.50%, 3.32%, and 2.98%, in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. With the growth in branches and executive position changes noninterest expenses have shown increase relative to peer data. Peer group averages (as reported in the most recent Uniform Bank Performance Report) have ranged between 2.81%, 2.80% and 2.84% over the same time period.

Provision for Loan Losses

Management evaluates the loan portfolio in light of national and local economic trends, changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and industry standards. Specific factors considered by management in determining the adequacy of the level of the allowance for loan losses include internally generated and third-party loan review reports, past due reports and historical loan loss experience. This review also considers concentrations of loans in terms of geography, business type and level of risk. Management evaluates nonperforming loans relative to their collateral value, when deemed collateral dependent, and makes the appropriate adjustments to the allowance for loan losses when needed. Based on the factors outlined above, the current year provision for loan losses totaled $2,930 compared to $0 for 2017 and 2016. The current levels of the allowance for loan losses reflect increased net charge-off activity, loan growth, and other credit risk factors that the Company considers in assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The Company has experienced an increase in nonperforming loans compared to the prior year end. However due to collection efforts in the fourth quarter nonperforming loans decreased verses second and third quarter 2018. Exclusive of nonaccrual loans, past due loans and adversely risk rated loans decreased during 2018. The decline in past due loans and adversely risk rated loans reduced the allowance for loan losses. The allowance was also reduced due to improved real estate conditions. Management will continue to monitor nonperforming and past due loans and will make necessary adjustments to specific reserves and record provision for loan losses if conditions change regarding collateral values or cash flow expectations

Net loan charge-offs were $3,734 in 2018 and $1,499 in 2017. The increase in charge-offs is primarily related to one large commercial relationship ($4.3 million) that was written down from $5.8 million based on the current impaired value of the collateral. The relationship remains on nonaccrual and is included in impaired loans without a specific reserve. At this time, management expects no additional loss on this relationship, but continue to monitor it closely. Net charge-offs as a percentage of loans held for investment totaled .58% and .24% in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The commercial real estate charge-off percentage is the largest category at .24% of loans held for investment and dealer finance was .19%. As stated in the most recently available Uniform Bank Performance Report (UPBR), peer group loss averages were .08% in 2018 and .10% in 2017. The Bank anticipates losses will remain above peer due to the Dealer Finance Division, however these losses have been in line with expectations and are more than offset by the increased yield derived from this portfolio.

Balance Sheet

Total assets increased 3.58% during the year to $780,253, an increase of $26,983 from $753,270 in 2017. Loans held for investment grew $21,825, Loans held for sale increased $16,135, premises and equipment increased $1,872, Bank owned life insurance increased $5,514, investments decreased $19,399, and other asset categories experienced modest fluctuations. Average earning assets increased 2.73% or $18,296 to $687,563 at December 31, 2018. The increase in earning assets is due largely to the growth in the loans held for investment offset by the decrease in short-term loan participation program with Northpointe Bank and federal funds sold. Deposits grew $22,148 and other liabilities increased $4,199 in 2018. Average interest bearing deposits increased $16,433 for 2018 or 4.16%, with increases in interest-bearing demand accounts, savings accounts and time deposits. The Company continues to utilize its assets well, with 90.01% of average assets consisting of earning assets.

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PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Investment Securities

Total securities decreased $19,399 or 47.04% in 2018 to $21,844 at December 31, 2018 from $41,243 at December 31, 2017. Average balances in investment securities increased 25.57% in 2018 to $13,826. At year end, 2.01% of average earning assets of the Company were held as investment securities, all of which are unpledged. Management strives to match the types and maturities of securities owned to balance projected liquidity needs, interest rate sensitivity and to maximize earnings through a portfolio bearing low credit risk. Portfolio yields averaged 3.32% for 2018, up from 3.07% in 2017.

There were no Other Than Temporary Impairments (OTTI) write-downs in 2018, 2017 or 2016. In 2017, the Company recognized a $42 loss on exit of the Banker’s Title investment; there were no security gains or losses in 2018, 2017 or 2016.

The composition of securities at December 31 was:

(Dollars in thousands)	2018	2017	2016
Available for Sale1
U.S. Treasury and Agency	$7,886	$27,978	$24,014
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies2	403	502	634
Equity securities3	-	135	135
Total	8,289	28,615	24,783
Held to Maturity
U.S. Treasury and Agency	123	125	125
Total	123	125	125
Other Equity Investments	13,432	12,503	14,567
Total Securities	$21,844	$41,243	$39,475

1         

At estimated fair value. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for amortized cost.

2         

Issued by a U.S. Government Agency or secured by U.S. Government Agency collateral.

3         

Transferred to other equity investments on January 1, 2018 upon adoption of ASU 2016-01.

Maturities and weighted average yields of securities at December 31, 2018 are presented in the table below. Amounts are shown by contractual maturity; expected maturities will differ as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Maturities of other investments are not readily determinable due to the nature of the investment; see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of these investments.

	Less		One to		Five to		Over
	Than one Year		Five Years		Ten Years		Ten Years
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount	Yield	Amount	Yield	Amount	Yield	Amount	Yield	Total	Yield
Debt Securities Available for Sale
U.S. Treasury & Agency	$-	-	$7,886	2.06%	$-	-	$-	-	$7,886	2.06%
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies					403	2.44%	-		403	2.44%
Total	$-		$7,886	2.06%	$403	2.44%	$-		$8,289	2.08%
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
U.S. Treasury & Agency	$-		$123	1.61%	$-		$-		$123	1.61%
Total	$-		$123	1.61%	$-		$-		$123	1.61%

30

PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Analysis of Loan Portfolio

The Company’s market area has a relatively stable economy which tends to be less cyclical than the national economy. Major industries in the market area include agricultural production and processing, higher education, retail sales, services and light manufacturing.

The Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment totaled $638,799 at December 31, 2018 compared with $616,974 at December 31, 2017. The Company’s policy has been to make conservative loans that are held for future interest income, utilizing prudent underwriting and a strong loan review program. Collateral required by the Company is determined on an individual basis depending on the purpose of the loan and the financial condition of the borrower. Commercial loans, including agricultural and multifamily loans, increased .16% during 2018 to $210,058. Real estate mortgages increased $5,623 or 2.24%. Growth has included a variety of loan and collateral types including owner occupied residential real estate and residential rental properties. Construction loans decreased $9,961 or 13.91%. The Bank also has loan participation arrangements with several other banks within the region to aid in diversification of the loan portfolio geographically, by collateral type and by borrower.

Consumer loans increased $25,790 or 31.66%. This category includes personal loans, auto loans and other loans to individuals. This category began increasing during the fourth quarter of 2012 due to the opening of the Dealer Finance Division in Penn Laird, Virginia; at year end this Division had a loan portfolio of $97,523. Credit card balances increased $245 to $3,184 but are a minor component of the loan portfolio. The following table presents the changes in the loan portfolio over the previous five years categorized in business segments, rather than regulatory call report as in footnote.

	December 31
(Dollars in thousands)	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014
Real estate – mortgage	$256,514	$250,891	$238,631	$232,321	$223,824
Real estate – construction	61,659	71,620	76,172	69,759	67,180
Consumer	107,248	81,458	72,048	62,239	49,615
Commercial	179,476	182,360	178,392	153,691	147,599
Agricultural	20,917	17,064	15,876	15,672	15,374
Multi-family residential	9,665	10,298	7,605	7,559	11,775
Credit cards	3,184	2,939	2,822	2,745	2,705
Other	136	344	90	67	130
Total Loans	$638,799	$616,974	$591,636	$544,053	$518,202

The following table shows the Company’s loan maturity and interest rate sensitivity as of December 31, 2018:

	Less Than	1-5	Over
(Dollars in thousands)	1 Year	Years	5 Years	Total
Commercial and
agricultural loans	$65,783	$105,487	$29,123	$200,393
Multi-family residential	1,305	8,360	-	9,665
Real Estate – mortgage	97,762	154,424	4,328	256,514
Real Estate – construction	38,028	14,110	9,521	61,659
Consumer – dealer/credit cards/other	8,136	80,693	21,739	110,568
Total	$211,014	$363,074	$64,711	$638,799
Loans with predetermined rates	$22,554	$92,432	$44,926	$159,912
Loans with variable or
adjustable rates	188,460	270,642	19,785	478,887
Total	$211,014	$363,074	$64,711	$638,799

31

PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Analysis of Loan Portfolio, continued

Residential real estate loans are made for a period up to 30 years and are secured by a first deed of trust which normally does not exceed 90% of the appraised value. If the loan to value ratio exceeds 90%, the Company requires additional collateral, guarantees or mortgage insurance. On approximately 94% of the real estate loans, interest is adjustable after each one, three or five-year period. The remainder of the portfolio is comprised of fixed rate loans that are generally made for a fifteen-year or a twenty-year period with an interest rate adjustment after ten years.

Since 1992, fixed rate real estate loans have been funded with fixed rate borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank, which allows the Company to control its interest rate risk. In addition, the Company makes home equity loans secured by second deeds of trust with total indebtedness not to exceed 90% of the appraised value. Home equity loans are made for three, five or ten year periods at a fixed rate or as a revolving line of credit.

Construction loans may be made to individuals, who have arranged with a contractor for the construction of a residence, or to contractors that are involved in building pre-sold, spec-homes or subdivisions. The majority of commercial loans are made to small retail, manufacturing and service businesses. Consumer loans are made for a variety of reasons; however, approximately 74% of the loans are secured by automobiles and trucks.

Approximately 77% of the Company’s loans are secured by real estate; however, policies relating to appraisals and loan to value ratios are adequate to control the related risk. Market values appear to have rebounded from the recession with modest increases in 2016 and 2017, with more than moderate improvement experienced in 2018 with increases in sales prices, reduction in inventory and reduction in days on the market. Unemployment rates in the Company’s market area continue to be below both the national and state averages.

The Bank has not identified any loan categories that would be considered loan concentrations of greater than 25% of capital. While the Bank has not developed a formal policy limiting the concentration level of any particular loan type or industry segment, it has established target limits on both a nominal and percentage of capital basis. Concentrations are monitored and reported to the board of directors quarterly. Concentration levels have been used by management to determine how aggressively we may price or pursue new loan requests. At December 31, 2018, there are no industry categories of loans that exceed 10% of total loans.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days or more past due still accruing. Nonaccrual loans are loans on which interest accruals have been suspended or discontinued permanently. The Company would have earned approximately $333 in additional interest income in 2018 had the loans on nonaccrual status been current and performing. Nonperforming loans totaled $10,205 at December 31, 2018 compared to $7,102 at December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2018, there were $800 of loans 90 days or more past due and accruing. Nonperforming loans have increased approximately $3,103 since December 31, 2017. Of the increase, $4.3 million relates to one relationship that has been reviewed for impairment and a previously established specific reserve of $1.5 million was charged-off in the fourth quarter of 2018. This charge-off is the primary reason for the increase in net charge-offs in 2018 compared to 2017 and is also the primary reason for the decline in the allowance coverage ratio for nonperforming loans. Several problem loans were resolved just prior to year end.

Approximately 97% of these nonperforming loans are secured by real estate and were in the process of collection. The Bank believes that it is generally well secured and continues to actively work with its customers to effect payment. As of December 31, 2018, the Company holds $2,443 of real estate which was acquired through foreclosure.

32

PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans, continued

The following is a summary of information pertaining to nonperforming loans:

(Dollars in thousands)	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014
Nonaccrual Loans:
Real Estate	$3,804	$5,628	$4,204	$5,698	$5,481
Commercial	5,172	599	70	109	1,179
Home Equity	269	451	311	40	153
Other	160	226	178	108	161
Loans past due 90 days or more:
Real Estate	726	143	81	272	0
Commercial	-	-	-	25	0
Home Equity	63	-	-	107	0
Other	11	55	26	67	1
Total Nonperforming loans	$10,205	$7,102	$4,870	$6,526	$6,975
Restructured Loans current and performing:
Real Estate	6,574	7,710	8,641	8,713	3,913
Commercial	1,249	-	1,121	1,463	518
Home Equity	-	-	-	1,414	290
Other	205	78	76	91	22
Nonperforming loans as a percentage of loans held for investment	1.60%	1.15%	.82%	1.20%	1.35%
Net Charge Offs to Total Loans Held for Investment	.58%	.24%	.21%	.04%	.33%
Allowance for loan and lease losses to nonperforming loans	51.34%	85.10%	154.89%	134.55%	125.09%

Potential Problem Loans

Loans classified for regulatory purposes as loss, doubtful, substandard, or special mention do not represent or result from trends or uncertainties which management reasonably expects will materially impact future operating results, liquidity or capital resources. Nor do they represent material credits about which management is aware of any information which causes it to have serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with the loan repayment terms. As of December 31, 2018, management is not aware of any potential problem loans which are not already classified for regulatory purposes or on the watch list as part of the Bank’s internal grading system.

33

PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Loan Losses and the Allowance for Loan Losses

In evaluating the portfolio, loans are segregated into loans with identified potential losses, pools of loans by type, with separate weighting for past dues and adverse rated loans, and a general allowance based on a variety of criteria.  Loans with identified potential losses include examiner and bank classified loans. Classified relationships in excess of $500 and loans identified as troubled debt restructurings are reviewed individually for impairment under ASC 310. A variety of factors are considered when reviewing these credits, including borrower cash flow, payment history, fair value of collateral, company management, industry and economic factors.

A general allowance for inherent losses has been established to reflect other unidentified losses within the portfolio. The general allowance is calculated using nine qualitative factors identified in the 2006 Interagency Policy Statement on the allowance for loan losses.  The general allowance assists in managing recent changes in portfolio risk that may not be captured in individually impaired loans, or in the homogeneous pools based on loss histories. The Board reviews the allowance for loan loss calculation and approves the loan loss provision for each quarter based on this evaluation.

The allowance for loan losses of $5,240 at December 31, 2018 is equal to .82% of total loans held for investment. This compares to an allowance of $6,044 or .98% at December 31, 2017 and 1.27% at December 31, 2016. The charge-off of $1.5 million previously mentioned resulted in a decline in our allowance percentage of approximately 22%. If this amount had remained in our allowance at December 31, 2018 our allowance to total loan percentage would have been approximately 1.06%. Management believes the charge-off was proper and prudent given valuation of the collateral confirmed the loss and the loan was collateral dependent. Management and the Board of Directors feel that the current reserve level is adequate based on the analysis of historical losses, delinquency rates, collateral values of delinquent loans and a thorough review of the loan portfolio. All increases in the nonperforming loans have been analyzed and, where necessary, a specific reserve has been recorded. In addition, past due and adversely risk rated loans have higher allocation factors within the allowance for loan losses calculation. In 2018, the company experienced little change in historical charge-off rates with 2018 replacing 2013 in the five-year look back. The local economy and real estate market continued showing improvement, as did local unemployment. Declines in past due loans and adversely risk rated loans also resulted in a decrease in the allowance for loan losses. Management will continue to monitor relationships that have recently become past due but are not considered impaired at this time.

Loan losses, net of recoveries, totaled $3,735 in 2018 which is equivalent to .58% of total loans outstanding. Over the preceding three years, the Company has had an average loss rate of .16%, compared to a .11% loss rate for its peer group.

34

PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Loan Losses and the Allowance for Loan Losses, continued

A summary of the activity in the allowance for loan losses follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014
Balance at beginning of period	$6,044	$7,543	$8,781	$8,725	$8,184
Provision charged to expenses	2,930	-	-	300	2,250
Loan losses:
Construction/land development	489	620	356	156	1,611
Farmland	-	-	-	-	-
Real Estate	99	-	23	25	208
Multi-family	-	-	-	-	-
Commercial Real Estate	1,546	-	19	-	-
Home Equity – closed end	3	7	8	26	-
Home Equity – open end	-	26	370	51	80
Commercial & Industrial – Non Real Estate	573	179	293	-	385
Consumer	51	136	37	32	33
Dealer Finance	2,083	1,806	1,081	251	107
Credit Cards	76	98	74	60	46
Total loan losses	4,920	2,872	2,261	601	2,470
Recoveries:
Construction/land development	122	-	7	85	223
Farmland	-	-	-	-	-
Real Estate	12	2	4	37	-
Multi-family	-	-	-	-	-
Commercial Real Estate	1	13	135	65	108
Home Equity – closed end	4	25	-	6	-
Home Equity – open end	8	53	120	-	-
Commercial & Industrial – Non Real Estate	91	72	267	62	356
Consumer	41	28	19	32	33
Dealer Finance	861	1,143	417	24	6
Credit Cards	46	37	54	46	35
Total recoveries	1,186	1,373	1,023	357	761
Net loan losses	(3,734)	(1,499)	(1,238)	(244)	(1,709)
Balance at end of period	$5,240	$6,044	$7,543	$8,781	$8,725
Allowance for loan losses as a
percentage of loans held for investment	.82%	.98%	1.27%	1.61%	1.68%
Net loan losses to loans held for investment	.58%	.24%	.21%	.04%	.33%

35

PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Loan Losses and the Allowance for Loan Losses, continued

ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
	2018		2017		2016		2015		2014
Allowance for loan losses: (dollars in thousands)	Balance	Percentage of Loans in Each Category	Balance	Percentage of Loans in Each Category	Balance	Percentage of Loans in Each Category	Balance	Percentage of Loans in Each Category	Balance	Percentage of Loans in Each Category
Construction/Land Development	$2,094	39.97%	$2,547	42.14%	$3,381	44.82%	$4,442	50.59%	$4,738	54.30%
Real Estate	292	5.56%	719	11.90%	843	11.18%	806	9.18%	623	7.14%
Commercial, Financial and Agricultural	633	12.08%	863	14.28%	1,348	17.88%	1,666	18.97%	1,337	15.33%
Dealer Finance	1,974	37.67%	1,440	23.83%	1,289	17.09%	836	9.52%	1,336	15.31%
Consumer	108	2.06%	200	3.31%	136	1.80%	223	2.54%	349	4.00%
Home Equity	139	2.66%	275	4.55%	545	7.22%	808	9.20%	342	3.92%
Total	$5,240	100.00%	$6,044	100.00%	$7,543	100.00%	$8,781	100.00%	$8,725	100.00%

Deposits and Borrowings

The average deposit balances and average rates paid for 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

Average Deposits and Rates Paid (Dollars in thousands)

	December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	Average Balance	Rate	Average Balance	Rate	Average Balance	Rate
Noninterest-bearing	$161,860		$153,640		$141,180
Interest-bearing:
Interest Checking	$128,086	.64%	$121,095	.44%	$113,525	.44%
Savings Accounts	121,711	.45%	114,489	.45%	100,298	.44%
Time Deposits	161,635	1.28%	159,415	1.03%	160,221	.90%
Total interest-bearing deposits	411,432	.83%	394,999	.68%	374,044	.64%
Total deposits	573,292	.60%	$548,639	.49%	$515,224	.46%

Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits, which are comprised of checking accounts, increased $8,220 or 5.35% from $153,640 during 2017 to $161,860 during 2018. Average interest-bearing deposits, which include interest checking accounts, money market accounts, regular savings accounts and time deposits, increased $16,433 or 4.16% from $394,999 at December 31, 2017 to $411,432 at December 31, 2018. Total average interest checking (including money market) account balances increased $6,991 or 5.77% from $121,095 at December 31, 2017 to $128,086 at December 31, 2018. Total average savings account balances increased $7,222 or 6.31% from $114,489 at December 31, 2017 to $121,711 at December 31, 2018.

Average time deposits increased $2,220 or 1.39% from $159,415 at December 31, 2017 to $161,635 at December 31, 2018.

36

PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Deposits and Borrowings, continued

The maturity distribution of certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more is as follows:

(Actual Dollars in thousands)	2018	2017
Less than 3 months	$1,885	$4,392
3 to 6 months	5,838	7,212
6 to 12 months	9,262	11,410
1 year to 5 years	34,667	37,606
Total	$51,652	$60,620

Non-deposit borrowings include federal funds purchased, Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) borrowings, (both short term and long term), a note to purchase real estate and VST debt. Non-deposit borrowings are an important source of funding for the Bank. These sources assist in managing short and long-term funding needs, often at rates that are more favorable than raising additional funds within the deposit portfolio.

Borrowings from the FHLB are used to support the Bank’s lending program and allow the Bank to manage interest rate risk by laddering maturities and matching funding terms to the terms of various loan types in the loan portfolio. The Company had no additional long-term borrowings in 2018 or 2017 and $20,000 in 2016. Repayment of amortizing and fixed maturity loans through FHLB totaled $9,515 during 2018. These long-term loans carry an average rate of 1.96% at December 31, 2018.

Contractual Obligations and Scheduled Payments (dollars in thousands)

	December 31, 2018
	Less than	One Year Through	Three Years Through	More than
	One Year	Three Years	Five Years	Five Years	Total
Federal funds purchased	$10,116	$-	$-	$-	$10,116
FHLB Short term advances	30,000	-	-	-	30,000
FHLB long term advances and other debt	7,014	20,365	9,714	3,125	40,218
Total	$47,130	$20,365	$9,714	$3,125	$80,334

See Note 11 (Short Term Debt) and Note 12 (Long Term Debt) to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the rates, terms, and conversion features on these advances.

37

PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Deposits and Borrowings, continued

Stockholders’ Equity

Total stockholders' equity increased $636 or .70% in 2018. Net income totaled $9,085, net of noncontrolling interest of $10, issuance of common stock totaled $266, pension adjustment of $247. Capital was reduced by common and preferred dividends totaling $4,303, decreases in other comprehensive income of $74 related to unrealized losses on available for sale securities, repurchases of common stock of $1,782, repurchase of preferred stock $2,788 and minority interest distributions of $25. As of December 31, 2018, book value per common share was $26.84 compared to $25.73 as of December 31, 2017. Dividends are paid to stockholders on a quarterly basis in uniform amounts unless unexpected fluctuations in net income indicate a change to this policy is needed.

Banking regulators have established a uniform system to address the adequacy of capital for financial institutions. The rules require minimum capital levels based on risk-adjusted assets. Simply stated, the riskier an entity's investments, the more capital it is required to maintain. The Bank is required to maintain these minimum capital levels. Beginning in 2015, the Bank implemented the Basel III capital requirements, which introduced the Common Equity Tier I ratio in addition to the two previous capital guidelines of Tier I capital (referred to as core capital) and Tier II capital (referred to as supplementary capital). At December 31, 2018, the Bank had Common Equity Tier I capital of 13.65%, Tier I capital of 13.65% of risk weighted assets and combined Tier I and II capital of 14.44% of risk weighted assets. Regulatory minimums at this date were 4.5%, 6% and 8%, respectively. The Bank has maintained capital levels far above the minimum requirements throughout the year. In the unlikely event that such capital levels are not met, regulatory agencies are empowered to require the Bank to raise additional capital and/or reallocate present capital.

In addition, the regulatory agencies have issued guidelines requiring the maintenance of a capital leverage ratio. The leverage ratio is computed by dividing Tier I capital by average total assets. The regulators have established a minimum of 4% for this ratio but can increase the minimum requirement based upon an institution's overall financial condition. At December 31, 2018, the Bank reported a leverage ratio of 11.79%. The Bank's leverage ratio was also substantially above the minimum. The Bank also reported a capital conservation buffer of 6.44% at December 31, 2018. The capital conservation buffer is designed to strengthen an institution’s financial resilience during economic cycles. Financial institutions are required to maintain a minimum buffer as required by the Basel III final rules in order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and other payments. The capital conservations buffer was fully phased in on January 1, 2019 at 2.5%.

38

PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Market Risk Management

Most of the Company’s net income is dependent on the Bank’s net interest income. Rapid changes in short-term interest rates may lead to volatility in net interest income resulting in additional interest rate risk to the extent that imbalances exist between the maturities or repricing of interest bearing liabilities and interest earning assets. The Company’s net interest margin increased .12% in 2018 following an increase of .19% in 2017. This increase is due to increases in interest rates in 2018, loan growth and the growth in noninterest bearing deposits to support loan growth. In December 2018, the Federal Open Market Committee elected to raise the short-term rates target .25% to 2.25 to 2.50% due to expanding economic activity.

Net interest income is also affected by changes in the mix of funding that supports earning assets. For example, higher levels of non-interest bearing demand deposits and leveraging earning assets by funding with stockholder’s equity would result in greater levels of net interest income than if most of the earning assets were funded with higher cost interest-bearing liabilities, such as certificates of deposit.

Liquid assets, which include cash and cash equivalents, federal funds sold, interest bearing deposits and short term investments averaged $25,460 for 2018. The Bank historically has had a stable core deposit base and, therefore, does not have to rely on volatile funding sources. Because of the stable core deposit base, changes in interest rates should not have a significant effect on liquidity. The Bank's membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank has historically provided liquidity as the Bank borrows money that is repaid over a five to ten-year period and uses the money to make fixed rate loans. The matching of the long-term receivables and liabilities helps the Bank reduce its sensitivity to interest rate changes. The Company reviews its interest rate gap periodically and makes adjustments as needed. There are no off-balance sheet items that will impair future liquidity.

The following table depicts the Company’s interest rate sensitivity, as measured by the repricing of its interest sensitive assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2018. As the notes to the table indicate, the data was based in part on assumptions as to when certain assets or liabilities would mature or reprice. The analysis indicates an asset sensitive one-year cumulative GAP position of 11.39% of total earning assets, compared to 21.36% in 2017. Approximately 38.09% of rate sensitive assets and 36.55% of rate sensitive liabilities are subject to repricing within one year. Short term assets (less than one year) decreased $36,646 during the year, while total earning assets increased $17,737. The increase is attributed to growth in loans held for sale of $16,135. Growth in the loans held for investment portfolio was concentrated in real estate secured loans, commercial and the Dealer Finance division. Short term deposits increased $17,485 and short term borrowings increased $12,320. Increases are due to growth in core deposits from a money market special and growth in short term borrowings to support the loans held for sale program. Management has raised deposit rates during to 2018 to spur deposit growth.

39

PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Market Risk Management, continued

The following GAP analysis shows the time frames as of December 31, 2018, in which the Company’s assets and liabilities are subject to repricing:

	1-90	91-365	1-5	Over 5	Not
(Dollars in thousands)	Days	Days	Years	Years	Classified	Total
Rate Sensitive Assets:
Loans held for investment	$126,131	$81,699	$363,074	$64,711	$-	$635,615
Loans held for sale	55,910	-	-	-	-	55,910
Federal funds sold	-	-	-	-	-	-
Investment securities	-	-	8,009	403	-	8,412
Credit cards	3,184	-	-	-	-	3,184
Interest bearing bank deposits	1,390	-	-	-	-	1,390
Total	186,615	81,699	371,083	65,114	-	704,511
Rate Sensitive Liabilities:
Interest bearing demand deposits	-	55,559	92,471	18,456	-	166,486
Savings deposits	-	22,366	67,096	22,365	-	111,827
Certificates of deposit $100,000 and over	7,181	15,290	30,895	-	-	53,366
Other certificates of deposit	11,730	28,799	61,971	-	-	102,500
Total Deposits	18,911	122,014	252,433	40,821	-	434,179
Short-term debt	40,116	-	-	-	-	40,116
Long-term debt	1,107	5,907	30,079	3,125	-	40,218
Total	60,134	127,921	282,512	43,946	-	514,513
Discrete Gap	126,481	(46,222)	88,571	21,168	-	189,998
Cumulative Gap	126,481	80,259	168,830	189,998	189,998
As a % of Earning Assets	17.95%	11.39%	23.96%	26.97%	26.97%

● 

In preparing the above table, no assumptions are made with respect to loan prepayments or deposit run off. Loan principal payments are included in the earliest period in which the loan matures or can be repriced. Principal payments on installment loans scheduled prior to maturity are included in the period of maturity or repricing. Proceeds from the redemption of investments and deposits are included in the period of maturity. Estimated maturities on deposits which have no stated maturity dates were derived from guidance contained in FDICIA 305.

40

PART II, Continued

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), Continued

Quarterly Results (unaudited)

The table below lists the Company’s quarterly performance for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	2018
	Fourth	Third	Second	First	Total
Interest and dividend income	$9,675	$9,328	$18,962	$8,743	$36,708
Interest expense	1,434	1,304	1,115	979	4,832
Net interest income	8,241	8,024	7,847	7,764	31,876
Provision for loan losses	450	450	1,350	680	2,930
Net Income after Provision for loan losses	7,791	7,574	6,497	7,084	28,946
Non Interest income	2,124	2,147	1,999	1,733	8,003
Non Interest expense	6,665	6,969	6,633	6,477	26,744
Income before taxes	3,250	2,752	1,863	2,340	10,205
Income tax expense	320	252	159	379	1,110
Noncontrolling interest (income) expense	(20)	15	(16)	11	(10)
Net Income	2,910	2,515	1,688	1,972	9,085
Preferred dividend	103	103	104	103	413
Net Income available to common	$2,807	$2,412	$1,584	$1,869	$8,672
Net Income Per Average Common Share Basic	$0.87	$0.75	$0.49	$0.57	$2.68

	2017
	Fourth	Third	Second	First	Total
Interest and dividend income	$9,141	$8,688	$8,256	$8,010	$34,095
Interest expense	1,036	1,030	925	906	3,897
Net interest income	8,105	7,658	7,331	7,104	30,198
Provision for loan losses	-	-	-	-	-
Net Income after Provision for loan losses	8,105	7,658	7,331	7,104	30,198
Non Interest income	1,820	2,145	1,882	2,045	7,892
Non Interest expense	6,489	6,259	6,017	5,954	24,719
Income before taxes	3,436	3,544	3,196	3,195	13,371
Income tax expense	1,698	946	809	877	4,330
Noncontrolling interest (income) expense	49	(48)	(59)	27	(31)
Net Income	1,787	2,550	2,328	2,345	9,010
Preferred dividend	103	103	105	104	415
Net Income available to common	$1,684	$2,447	$2,223	$2,241	$8,595
Net Income Per Average Common Share Basic	$0.52	$0.75	$0.68	$0.68	$2.63

Note that fourth quarter 2017 includes the one time deferred tax asset write down due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

41

Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The Company considers interest rate risk to be a significant risk and has systems in place to measure the exposure of net interest income and fair values to movement in interest rates. Among the tools available to management is interest rate sensitivity analysis, which provides information related to repricing opportunities. Interest rate shock simulations indicate potential economic loss due to future interest rate changes. Shock analysis is a test that measures the effect of a hypothetical, immediate and parallel shift in interest rates. The following table shows the results of a rate shock and the effect on net income, net interest income and net interest margin. The information is an excerpt from our Interest Rate Risk model run as of November 30, 2018 and 2017:

Rate Shift (bp)	Net Income		Net Interest Income		Net Interest Margin
	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017
300	15,842	16,084	39,418	38,622	5.62%	5.71%
200	14,610	14,832	38,044	36,904	5.43%	5.46%
100	13,125	13,414	36,389	34,959	5.20%	5.18%
(-)100	9,482	12,291	32,326	33,418	4.64%	4.96%
(-)200	7,618	11,999	30,249	33,017	4.34%	4.90%

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

42

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets (dollars in thousands, except per share data)

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017

	2018	2017
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$9,522	$10,622
Money market funds	1,390	1,285
Federal funds sold	-	-
Cash and cash equivalents	10,912	11,907
Securities:
Held to maturity, at amortized cost - fair value of $123 and $125 in 2018 and 2017, respectively	123	125
Available for sale, at fair value	8,289	28,615
Other investments	13,432	12,503
Loans held for sale	55,910	39,775
Loans held for investment	638,799	616,974
Less: allowance for loan losses	(5,240)	(6,044)
Net loans held for investment	633,559	610,930
Other real estate owned, net	2,443	1,984
Bank premises and equipment, net	17,766	15,894
Interest receivable	2,078	2,007
Goodwill	2,884	2,881
Bank owned life insurance	19,464	13,950
Other assets	13,393	12,699
Total Assets	$780,253	$753,270
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing	$157,146	$162,233
Interest bearing	434,179	406,944
Total deposits	591,325	569,177
Short-term debt	40,116	25,296
Accrued liabilities	16,683	17,789
Long-term debt	40,218	49,733
Total Liabilities	688,342	661,995
Commitments and continencies	-	-
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock $25 par value, 400,000 shares authorized, 249,860 and 324,150 shares
issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively	5,672	7,529
Common stock $5 par value, 6,000,000 shares authorized, 3,213,132 and 3,255,036
shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively	16,066	16,275
Additional paid in capital – common stock	7,987	10,225
Retained earnings	65,596	60,814
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries	559	574
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,969)	(4,142)
Total Stockholders' Equity	91,911	91,275
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$780,253	$753,270

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

43

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income (dollars in thousands, except per share data)

For the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016

	2018	2017	2016
Interest and Dividend Income
Interest and fees on loans held for investment	$35,065	$32,479	$29,816
Interest from loans held for sale	1,064	1,112	1,924
Interest from money market funds and federal funds sold	120	166	38
Interest from debt securities – taxable	459	338	372
Total interest and dividend income	36,708	34,095	32,150
Interest Expense
Total interest on deposits	3,425	2,688	2,380
Interest from short-term debt	456	63	55
Interest from long-term debt	951	1,146	1,164
Total interest expense	4,832	3,897	3,599
Net Interest Income	31,876	30,198	28,551
Provision for Loan Losses	2,930	-	-
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses	28,946	30,198	28,551
Noninterest Income
Service charges on deposit accounts	1,496	1,360	1,174
Insurance, other commissions and mortgage banking, net	4,505	4,137	3,006
Other operating income	2,242	2,109	1,657
Income from bank owned life insurance	527	449	476
Gain on prepayment of long term debt	-	504	-
Loss on sale of other investments	-	(42)	-
Low income housing partnership losses	(767)	(625)	(731)
Total noninterest income	8,003	7,892	5,582
Noninterest Expenses
Salaries	12,622	11,482	9,986
Employee benefits	3,714	3,372	2,814
Occupancy expense	1,116	1,035	868
Equipment expense	1,044	836	735
FDIC insurance assessment	294	190	388
Other real estate owned, net	(31)	76	86
Director's fees	468	517	486
Data processing expense	2,197	2,176	2,151
Advertising expense	622	509	604
Legal and professional expense	597	356	400
Bank Franchise tax	522	657	651
Other operating expenses	3,579	3,513	2,103
Total noninterest expenses	26,744	24,719	21,272
Income before income taxes	10,205	13,371	12,861
Income Tax Expense	1,110	4,330	3,099
Net Income	9,095	9,041	9,762
Net Income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(10)	(31)	(194)
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	9,085	$9,010	$9,568
Dividends paid/accumulated on preferred stock	413	415	487
Net income available to common stockholders	$8,672	$8,595	$9,081
Per Common Share Data
Net income - basic	$2.68	$2.63	$2.77
Net income - diluted	$2.53	$2.48	$2.57
Cash dividends on common stock	$1.20	$.94	$.80
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic	3,238,177	3,269,713	3,282,335
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted	3,596,017	3,631,984	3,716,591

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

44

F & M BANK CORP.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (dollars in thousands)

For the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016

	Years Ended December 31,
	2018	2017	2016
Net Income	$9,095	$9,041	$9,762
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Pension plan adjustment	313	(414)	(738)
Tax effect	(66)	141	251
Pension plan adjustment, net of tax	247	(273)	(487)
Unrealized holding gains (losses)
on available-for-sale securities	(94)	(34)	3
Tax effect	20	12	(1)
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net of tax	(74)	(22)	2
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	173	(295)	(485)
Total comprehensive income	$9,268	$8,746	$9,277
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	$(10)	$(31)	$(194)
Comprehensive income attributable to F&M Bank Corp.	$9,258	$8,715	$9,083

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

45

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

						Accumulated
						Other
	Preferred	Common	Additional Paid in	Retained	Noncontrolling	Comprehensive
	Stock	Stock	Capital	Earnings	Interest	Loss	Total
Balance December 31, 2015	$9,425	$16,427	$11,149	$48,056	$573	$(2,680)	$82,950
Net income	-	-	-	9,568	194	-	9,762
Other comprehensive loss	-	-	-	-	-	(485)	(485)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	-	-	-	-	(74)	-	(74)
Dividends on preferred stock ($1.488 per share)	-	-	-	(487)	-	-	(487)
Dividends on common stock ($.80 per share)	-	-	-	(2,628)	-	-	(2,628)
Common stock repurchased (22,583 shares)	-	(112)	(466)	-	-	-	(578)
Common stock issued (7,494 shares)	-	37	146	-	-	-	183
Preferred stock repurchased (72,650 shares)	(1,816)	-	(145)	-	-	-	(1,961)
Balance, December 31, 2016	$7,609	$16,352	$10,684	$54,509	$693	$(3,165)	$86,682
Net income	-	-	-	9,010	31	-	9,041
Other comprehensive loss	-	-	-	-	-	(295)	(295)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	-	-	-	-	(150)	-	(150)
Dividends on preferred stock ($1.28 per share)	-	-	-	(415)	-	-	(415)
Dividends on common stock ($.94 per share)	-	-	-	(2,972)	-	-	(2,972)
Common stock repurchased (21,984 shares)	-	(110)	(602)	-	-	-	(712)
Common stock issued (6,705 shares)	-	33	164	-	-	-	197
Preferred stock repurchased (3,200 shares)	(80)	-	(21)	-	-	-	(101)
Stranded tax effect of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act	-	-	-	682	-	(682)	-
Balance, December 31, 2017	$7,529	$16,275	$10,225	$60,814	$574	$(4,142)	$91,275
Net Income	-	-	-	9,085	10	-	9,095
Other comprehensive income	-	-	-	-	-	173	173
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	-	-	-	-	(25)	-	(25)
Dividends on preferred stock ($1.28 per share)	-	-	-	(413)	-	-	(413)
Dividends on common stock ($1.20 per share)	-	-	-	(3,890)	-	-	(3,890)
Common stock repurchased (49,446 shares)	-	(247)	(1,535)	-	-	-	(1,782)
Common stock issued (7,542 shares)	-	38	228	-	-	-	266
Preferred stock repurchased (74,290 shares)	1,857)	-	(931)	-	-	-	(2,788)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$5,672	$16,066	$7,987	$65,596	$559	$(3,969)	$91,911

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

46

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (dollars in thousands)

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

	2018	2017	2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$9,095	$9,041	$9,762
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	1,137	930	827
Amortization of intangibles	66	53	-
Amortization of securities	2	-	109
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale originated	94,129	84,698	103,784
Gain on sale of loans held for sale originated	(2,222)	(2,331)	(2,778)
Loans held for sale originated	(91,806)	(85,828)	(97,451)
Provision for loan losses	2,930	-	-
Benefit (expense) for deferred taxes	55	(222)	9
(Increase) in interest receivable	(71)	(222)	(76)
(Increase) in other assets	(772)	(1,025)	(564)
(Decrease) increase in accrued liabilities	(797)	1,498	1,690
Amortization of limited partnership investments	767	625	731
Gain on sale of fixed assets	(9)	-	-
Loss on sale of investments	-	42	-
(Gain) loss on sale and valuation adjustments of other real estate owned	(94)	44	19
Income from life insurance investment	(527)	(449)	(476)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	11,883	6,854	15,586
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale	21,897	86,741	32,218
Proceeds from sales of other investments	-	55	-
Purchases of securities available for sale and other investments	(3,361)	(89,428)	(47,137)
Capital improvements to other real estate owned	-	(2)	(24)
Net increase in loans held for investment	(26,065)	(27, 068)	(49,386)
Net (increase) decrease in loans held for sale participations	(16,236)	26 421	(8,483)
Net purchase of property and equipment	(3,000)	(6,484)	(3,553)
Purchase of bank owned life insurance	(5,000)	-	-
Purchase of title company	(75)	(549)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned	141	281	623
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(31,699)	( 10,033)	(75,742)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net change in deposits	22,148	32,092	42,415
Net change in short-term debt	14,820	(14,704)	15,046
Dividends paid in cash	(4,303)	(3,387)	(3,115)
Proceeds from long-term debt	-	-	20,000
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(25)	(150)	(74)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	266	197	183
Repurchase of preferred stock	(2,788)	(712)	(1,961)
Repurchase of common stock	(1,782)	(101)	(578)
Repayments of long-term debt	(9,515)	(14,504)	(3,924)
Net Cash Provided by (used in) Financing Activities	18,821	(1,269)	67,992
Net (Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(995)	(4,448))	7,836)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year	11,907	16,355	8,519
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year	10,912	$11,907	$16,355
Supplemental Cash Flow information:
Cash paid for:
Interest	$4,744	$3,866	$3,573
Income taxes	1,957	4,460	2,300
Supplemental non-cash disclosures:
Transfers from loans to other real estate owned	506	231	566
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net	(74)	(22)	2
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net	247	(273)	(487)

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

47

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 1   

NATURE OF OPERATIONS:

F & M Bank Corp. (the “Company”), through its subsidiary Farmers & Merchants Bank (the “Bank”), operates under a charter issued by the Commonwealth of Virginia and provides commercial banking services. As a state-chartered bank, the Bank is subject to regulation by the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions and the Federal Reserve Bank. The Bank provides services to customers located mainly in Rockingham, Shenandoah, Page and Augusta Counties in Virginia. Services are provided at thirteen branch offices and a Dealer Finance Division loan production office. The Company offers insurance, mortgage lending, title insurance and financial services through its subsidiaries, TEB Life Insurance, Inc., Farmers & Merchants Financial Services, Inc, F&M Mortgage, LLC and VSTitle, LLC.

NOTE 2  

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company and its subsidiaries conform to generally accepted accounting principles and to accepted practice within the banking industry. The following is a summary of the more significant policies:

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Farmers & Merchants Bank, TEB Life Insurance Company, Farmers & Merchants Financial Services, Inc., F&M Mortgage, LLC, (net of noncontrolling interest) and VSTitle, LLC. Significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, goodwill and intangibles, fair value, the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, pension accounting and the valuation of foreclosed real estate.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, money market funds whose initial maturity is ninety days or less and Federal funds sold.

Securities

Debt securities are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to held them to maturity. Debt securities are classified as available for sale when they might be sold before maturity. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, the unrealized holding gains and losses are reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, in any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transaction for the identical or a similar investment.

The Company follows the accounting guidance related to recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairment. The guidance specifies that if (a) an entity does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery and (b) it is more likely than not that the entity will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired, unless there is a credit loss. When criteria (a) and (b) are met, the entity will recognize the credit component of other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income.

48

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 2    

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):

Securities, continued

For held-to-maturity debt securities, the amount of other-than-temporary impairment recorded in other comprehensive income for the noncredit portion of a previous other-than-temporary impairment is amortized prospectively over the remaining life of the security on the basis of the timing of future estimated cash flows of the security.

For equity securities, when the Company has decided to sell an impaired available-for-sale security and the Company does not expect the fair value of the security to fully recover before the expected time of sale, the security is deemed other-than-temporarily impaired in the period in which the decision to sell is made. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the impairment is deemed other than temporary even if a decision to sell has not been made. The Company had no other than temporary impairment in 2018, 2017 or 2016.

Other Investments

The Company periodically invests in low income housing partnerships whose primary benefit is the distribution of federal income tax credits to partners. The Company recognizes these benefits and the cost of the investments over the life of the partnership (usually 15 years). In addition, state and federal historic rehabilitation credits are generated from some of the partnerships. Amortization of these investments is prorated based on the amount of benefits received in each year to the total estimated benefits over the life of the projects. The effective yield method is used to record the income statement effects of these investments.

Due to the nature and restrictions placed on the Company's investment in common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB") and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, these securities are considered restricted and carried at cost.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new accounting standard for Financial Instruments, which requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. At December 31, 2018, equity securities of $135 are included in other investments on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. These securities were included in the available for sale portfolio at December 31, 2017.

Income Taxes

Income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

49

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 2    

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):

Income Taxes, continued

The results for the year ended December 31, 2017 included the effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act), which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. Among other things, the Tax Act permanently lowered the federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from the maximum rate prior to the passage of the Tax Act of 35%, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate, U.S. GAAP required companies to re-measure their deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, including those accounted for in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as of the date of the Tax Act’s enactment and record the corresponding effects in income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company recognized a $811 reduction in the value of its net deferred tax asset and recorded a corresponding incremental income tax expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of income for 2017.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.

Loans Held for Investment

The Company, through its banking subsidiary, provides mortgage, commercial, and consumer loans to customers. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by mortgage loans, particularly commercial and residential mortgages. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is largely dependent upon the real estate and general economic conditions in the Company’s market area.

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off, generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance adjusted for the allowance for loan losses, and any unearned income.  Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance.  The accrual of interest on loans is generally discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection.  Loans are typically charged off when the loan is 120 days past due, unless secured and in process of collection.  Loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

The Company’s loans are grouped into eleven segments: construction/land development, farmland, real estate, multi-family, commercial real estate, home equity – closed end, home equity – open end, commercial & industrial – non-real estate, consumer, credit cards and dealer finance. Each segment is subject to certain risks that influence the establishment of pricing, loan structures, approval requirements, reserves, and ongoing credit management. The Company does not segregate the portfolio further.

Construction and land development loans are subject to general risks from changing commercial building and housing market trends and economic conditions that may impact demand for completed properties and the costs of completion. Completed properties that do not sell or become leased within originally expected timeframes may impact the borrower’s ability to service the debt. These risks are measured by market-area unemployment rates, bankruptcy rates, housing and commercial building market trends, and interest rates. Risks specific to the borrower are also evaluated, including previous repayment history, debt service ability, and current and projected loan-to value ratios for the collateral.

Farmland loans are loans secured by agricultural property. These loans are subject to risks associated with the value of the underlying farmland and the cash flows of the borrower’s farming operations.

Multifamily loans are loans secured by multi-unit residential property. These loans are subject to risks associated with the value of the underlying property as well as the successful operation and management of the property.

Real estate loans are for consumer residential real estate where the credit quality is subject to risks associated with the borrower’s repayment ability and collateral value, measured generally by analyzing local unemployment and bankruptcy trends, and local housing market trends and interest rates. Risks specific to a borrower are determined by previous repayment history, loan-to-value ratios, and debt-to-income ratios.

50

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):

Loans Held for Investment, continued

The commercial real estate segment includes loans secured by commercial real estate occupied by the owner/borrower, and commercial real estate leased to non-owners. Loans in the commercial real estate segment are impacted by economic risks from changing commercial real estate markets, rental markets for commercial buildings, business bankruptcy rates, local unemployment rates and interest rate trends that would impact the businesses housed by the commercial real estate.

The Company’s home-equity loan portfolios (closed end and open end) carry risks associated with the creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in loan-to-value ratios. The Company manages these risks through policies and procedures such as limiting loan-to-value at origination, experienced underwriting, and requiring standards for appraisers.

Commercial and industrial non-real estate loans are secured by collateral other than real estate or are unsecured. Credit risk for commercial non-real estate loans is subject to economic conditions, generally monitored by local business bankruptcy trends, interest rates, and borrower repayment ability and collateral value (if secured).

Consumer non-real estate includes non-dealer financed automobile loans and other consumer loans. Certain consumer loans are unsecured, while collateral is obtained for automobile loans and other consumer loans. Credit risk stems primarily from the borrower’s ability to repay. If the loan is secured, the Company analyzes loan-to-value ratios. All consumer non-real estate loans are analyzed for debt-to-income ratios and previous credit history, as well as for general risks for the portfolio, including local unemployment rates, personal bankruptcy rates and interest rates.

Credit card loan portfolios carry risks associated with the creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in the economic environment. The Company manages these risks through policies and procedures such as experienced underwriting, maximum debt to income ratios, and minimum borrower credit scores.

Dealer finance lending generally carries certain risks associated with the values of the collateral and borrower’s ability to repay the loan. The Company focuses its dealer finance lending on used vehicles where substantial depreciation has already occurred thereby minimizing the risk of significant loss of collateral values in the future.

Interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off is reversed against interest income.  The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status.  Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

A loan is considered past due when a payment of principal or interest or both is due but not paid.  Management closely monitors past due loans in timeframes of 30-59 days, 60-89 days, and 90 or more days past due.

These policies apply to all loan portfolio segments.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.  Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.  Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and construction loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired loans.

51

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 2  

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):

Loans Held for Sale

These loans consist of fixed rate loans made through the Company’s subsidiary, F&M Mortgage, and loans purchased from Northpointe Bank, Grand Rapids, MI.

F&M Mortgage originates conforming mortgage loans for sale in the secondary market. These loans consist primarily of fixed-rate, single-family residential mortgage loans which meet the underwriting characteristics of the investors. F&M Mortgage enters into mortgage loan commitments whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (rate lock commitments).

The period of time between issuance of a loan commitment and sale of the loan generally ranges from two to three weeks. F&M Mortgage protects itself from changes in interest rates through the use of best efforts forward delivery contracts, by committing to sell a loan at the time the borrower commits to an interest rate with the intent that the buyer has assumed the interest rate risk on the loan.  As a result, the Company is not generally exposed to significant losses nor will it realize significant gains related to its rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates.  The correlation between the rate lock commitments and the best efforts contracts is very high due to their similarity. The market value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts is not readily ascertainable with precision because rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not actively traded in stand-alone markets.  F&M Mortgage determines the fair value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts by measuring the change in the estimated value of the underlying assets while taking into consideration the probability that the loan will be funded. The fair value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts was considered immaterial at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The average time on the line is two or three weeks. These loans are pre-sold with servicing released and no interest is retained after the loans are sold. Because of the short holding period, these loans are carried at the lower of cost or market and no market adjustments were deemed necessary in 2018, 2017, or 2016. Gains on sales of loans and commission expense are recognized at the loan closing date and are included in mortgage banking income, net on the Company’s consolidated income statement. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, there was $3,544 and $3,645, respectively, of these loans included in loans held for sale on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

The Bank participates in a Mortgage Purchase Program with Northpointe Bank (Northpointe), a Michigan banking corporation. Pursuant to the terms of a participation agreement, the Bank purchases participation interests in loans made by Northpointe related to fully underwritten and pre-sold mortgage loans originated by various prescreened mortgage loan originators located throughout the United States. A takeout commitment is in place at the time the loans are purchased. The Bank has participated in similar arrangements since 2003 as a higher yielding alternative to federal funds sold or investment securities. These loans are short-term, residential real estate loans that have an average life in our portfolio of approximately two weeks. The Bank holds these loans during the period of time between loan closing and when the loan is paid off by the ultimate secondary market purchaser. As of December 31, 2018, and 2017, there were $52,366 and $36,130 million of these loans included in loans held for sale on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Troubled Debt Restructuring

In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower's financial condition, management may grant a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR").  Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify their loan to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status.  These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral.  In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, management measures any impairment on the restructuring as noted above for impaired loans.  The Company has $8.03 million in loans classified as TDRs that are current and performing as of December 31, 2018, and $7.8 million as of December 31, 2017.

52

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 2  

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):

Allowance for Loan and Losses

The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio. A provision for estimated losses is charged to earnings to establish and maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level reflective of the estimated credit risk. When management determines that a loan balance or portion of a loan balance is not collectible, the loss is charged against the allowance. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

Management’s determination of the adequacy of the allowance is based on an evaluation of the composition of the loan portfolio, the value and adequacy of collateral, current economic conditions, historical loan loss experience, and other risk factors. Management evaluates the allowance each quarter through a methodology that estimates losses on individual impaired loans and evaluates the effect of numerous factors on the credit risk of each segment of loans.

The Company’s allowance for loan losses has two basic components: the general allowance and the specific allowance. Each of these components is determined based upon estimates and judgments. The general allowance uses historical loss experience as an indicator of future losses, along with various qualitative factors, including levels and trends in delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, charge-offs and recoveries, trends in volume and terms of loans, effects of changes in underwriting standards, experience of lending staff, economic conditions, and portfolio concentrations.

Except for credit card and dealer finance loans, all loans are assigned an internal risk rating based on certain credit quality indicators. Credit card, consumer and dealer finance loans are monitored based on payment activity. Loss rates are amplified for loans with adverse risk ratings that are not considered impaired. In the general allowance, the historical loss rate is combined with the qualitative factors, resulting in an adjusted loss factor for each segment of loans.  The period-end balances for each loan segment are multiplied by the adjusted loss factor. Historical loss rates are combined with qualitative factors resulting in an adjusted loss factor for each segment. Specific allowances are established for individually-evaluated impaired loans based on the excess of the loan balance relative to the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is deemed collateral dependent.

Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, particularly those affecting real estate values. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)

OREO is held for sale and represents real estate acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. The Company’s policy is to carry OREO on its balance sheet at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.

53

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 2  

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):

Bank Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost and bank premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to income over the estimated useful lives of the assets on a combination of the straight-line and accelerated methods. The ranges of the useful lives of the premises and equipment are as follows:

Premises and Improvements	10 - 40 years
Furniture and Equipment	5 - 20 years

Maintenance, repairs, and minor improvements are charged to operations as incurred. Gains and losses on dispositions are reflected in other income or expense.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for goodwill and intangible assets under ASC 805, “Business Combinations” and ASC 350, “Intangibles”, respectively. Goodwill is subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair value-based test.  Additionally, acquired intangible assets are separately recognized if the benefit of the assets can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged, and amortized over their useful lives. The Company recorded goodwill and intangible assets in 2018 related to the purchase of VS Title which was valued by an independent third party. The Company records as goodwill the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Impairment testing is performed annually, as well as when an event triggering impairment may have occurred. The Company performs its annual analysis as of December 31 each fiscal year. Accounting guidance permits preliminary assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether a more substantial impairment testing is required. The Company chose to bypass the preliminary assessment and utilized a two-step process for impairment testing of goodwill. The first step tests for impairment, while the second step, if necessary, measures the impairment.  No indicators of impairment were identified during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.

Pension Plans

The Bank has a qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plan which covers all full-time employees hired prior to April 1, 2012. The benefits are primarily based on years of service and earnings. The Company complies with ASC 325-960 “Defined Benefit Pension Plans” which requires recognition of the over-funded or under-funded status of pension and other postretirement benefit plans on the balance sheet. Under ASC 325-960, gains and losses, prior service costs and credits, and any remaining transition amounts that have not yet been recognized through net periodic benefit cost will be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax effects, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic cost.

Advertising Costs

The Company follows the policy of charging the cost of advertising to expense as incurred. Total advertising costs included in other operating expenses for 2018, 2017, and 2016 were $622, $509, and $604, respectively.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain employees. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

54

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered.  Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company – put presumptively beyond reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is shown in a two-statement approach, the first statement presents total net income and its components followed by a second statement that presents all the components of other comprehensive income such as unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities and changes in the funded status of a defined benefit pension plan.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Under ASC 815, the gain or loss on a derivative designated and qualifying as a fair value hedging instrument, as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedging item attributable to the risk being hedged, is recognized currently in earnings in the same accounting period. The effective portion of the gain or loss on a derivative designated and qualifying as a cash flow hedging instrument is initially reported as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument, if any, is recognized currently in earnings.

Interest rate derivative financial instruments receive hedge accounting treatment only if they are designated as a hedge and are expected to be, and are, effective in substantially reducing interest rate risk arising from the assets and liabilities identified as exposing the Company to risk. Those derivative financial instruments that do not meet the hedging criteria discussed below would be classified as trading activities and would be recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in income. Derivative hedge contracts must meet specific effectiveness tests. Changes in fair value of the derivative financial instruments must be effective at offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedging items due to the designated hedge risk during the term of the hedge. Further, if the underlying financial instrument differs from the hedged asset or liability, there must be a clear economic relationship between the prices of the two financial instruments. If periodic assessment indicates derivatives no longer provide an effective hedge, the derivatives contracts would be closed out and settled or classified as a trading activity.

Loss Contingencies

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable, and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in a separate note. Fair value estimates involved uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets of particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

55

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 2    

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made in prior years’ financial statements to conform to classifications used in the current year. These reclassifications had no impact on net income or earnings per share.

Earnings per Share

Accounting guidance specifies the computation, presentation and disclosure requirements for earnings per share (“EPS”) for entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock such as options, warrants, convertible securities or contingent stock agreements if those securities trade in a public market. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.  Diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had been issued.  The dilutive effect of conversion of preferred stock is reflected in the diluted earnings per common share calculation.

Net income available to common stockholders represents consolidated net income adjusted for preferred dividends declared.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to net income available to common stockholders for the periods presented:

	For the year ended
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2017	December 31, 2016
Earnings Available to Common Stockholders:
Net Income	$9,095	$9,041	$9,762
Minority interest attributable to noncontrolling interest	(10)	(31)	(194)
Dividends paid/accumulated on preferred stock	(413)	(415)	(487)
Net Income Available to Common Stockholders	$8,672	$8,595	$9,081

The following table shows the effect of dilutive preferred stock conversion on the Company's earnings per share for the periods indicated:

	Year ended
	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Dollars in thousands	Net Income Available to Common Stockholders	Weighted Average Shares	Per Share Amounts	Net Income Available to Common Stockholders	Weighted Average Shares	Per Share Amounts	Net Income Available to Common Stockholders	Weighted Average Shares	Per Share Amounts
Basic EPS	$8,672	3,238,177	$2.68	$8,595	3,269,713	$2.63	$9,081	3,282,335	$2.77
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Convertible Preferred Stock	413	357,841	(.15)	415	362,271	(0.15)	487	434,256	(0.20)
Diluted EPS	$9,085	3,596,017	$2.53	$9,010	3,631,984	$2.48	$9,568	3,716,591	$2.57

56

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Among other things, in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) A lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted upon issuance. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The FASB made subsequent amendments to Topic 842 in July 2018 through ASU 2018-10 (“Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases.”) and ASU 2018-11 (“Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements.”) Among these amendments is the provision in ASU 2018-11 that provides entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard. Under this new transition method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, an entity’s reporting for the comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which it adopts the new leases standard will continue to be in accordance with current GAAP (Topic 840, Leases). The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2019 did not have a material effect on the Bank’s/Company’s consolidated financial statements or The effect of adopting this standard on January 1, 2019 was an approximate $1.03 million increase in assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet.

During June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The amendments in this ASU are effective for SEC filers for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. For public companies that are not SEC filers, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company has chosen a vendor and is in the process of supplying data to the model and will run “shadow” in 2019 along with current allowance for loan loss model.

During January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The amendments in this ASU simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. Public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers should adopt the amendments in this ASU for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

57

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 2

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued

During March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017‐08, “Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310‐20), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” The amendments in this ASU shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities purchased at a premium. Upon adoption of the standard, premiums on these qualifying callable debt securities will be amortized to the earliest call date. Discounts on purchased debt securities will continue to be accreted to maturity. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Upon transition, entities should apply the guidance on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption and provide the disclosures required for a change in accounting principle. Given the composition of our securities portfolio, the Company does not expect that adoption of ASU 2017‐08 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” The amendments in this ASU modify the designation and measurement guidance for hedge accounting as well as provide for increased transparency regarding the presentation of economic results on both the financial statements and related footnotes. Certain aspects of hedge effectiveness assessments will also be simplified upon implementation of this update. The amendments are effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. This ASU was further amended in October 2018 by ASU 2018-16, which adds the Overnight Index Swap rate as a U.S. benchmark interest rate.The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-12 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” The amendments provide financial statement preparers with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (or portion thereof) is recorded. The amendments are effective for all organizations for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Organizations should apply the proposed amendments either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company elected to reclassify the stranded income tax effects from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in the consolidated financial statements for the period ending December 31, 2017. The amount of this reclassification in 2017 was $811.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The amendments expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payments issued to non-employees for goods or services, which were previously excluded. The amendments will align the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees more similarly. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-07 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” The amendments modify the disclosure requirements in Topic 820 to add disclosures regarding changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty. Certain disclosure requirements in Topic 820 are also removed or modified. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Certain of the amendments are to be applied prospectively while others are to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

58

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 2

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” These amendments modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. Certain disclosure requirements have been deleted while the following disclosure requirements have been added: the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with promised interest crediting rates and an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The amendments also clarify the disclosure requirements in paragraph 715-20-50-3, which state that the following information for defined benefit pension plans should be disclosed: The projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets and the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. The amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-14 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3     

CASH AND DUE FROM BANKS:

The Bank is required to maintain average reserve balances based on a percentage of deposits. Due to the deposit reclassification procedures implemented by the Bank, there is no Federal Reserve Bank reserve requirement for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

NOTE 4   

SECURITIES:

The amortized cost and fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, of securities held to maturity were as follows:

	Amortized Cost	Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
December 31, 2018
U. S. Treasuries	$123	$-	$-	$123
December 31, 2017
U. S. Treasuries	$125	$-	$-	$125

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale are as follows:

	Amortized Cost	Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
December 31, 2018
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises	$7,999	-	113	7,886
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies	409	-	6	403
Total Securities Available for Sale	$8,408	$-	$119	$8,289
December 31, 2017
U. S. Treasuries	$19,998	$-	$-	$19,998
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises	7,999	-	19	7,980
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies	508	-	6	502
Equity securities1	135	-	-	135
Total Securities Available for Sale	$28,640	$9	$25	$28,615

1 Transferred to other investments on January 1, 2018 upon adoption of ASU 2016-01

59

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 4

SECURITIES (CONTINUED):

The amortized cost and fair value of securities at December 31, 2018, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	Securities Held to Maturity		Securities Available for Sale
	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$-	$-	$-	$-
Due after one year through five years	123	123	7,999	7,886
Due after five years through ten years	-	-	409	403
Due after ten years	-	-	-	-
Total	$123	$123	$8,408	$8,289

There were no sales of debt or equity securities during 2018, 2017 or 2016. There were no pledged securities at December 31, 2018 or 2017.

Other investments consist of investments in twenty-one low-income housing and historic equity partnerships (carrying basis of $8,139), stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank (carrying basis of $3,688), and various other investments (carrying basis of $1,605). The interests in the low-income housing and historic equity partnerships have limited transferability and the interests in the other stocks, except for $135, are restricted as to sales. The market values of these securities are estimated to approximate their carrying values as of December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, the Company was committed to invest an additional $4,327 in six low-income housing limited partnerships. These funds will be paid as requested by the general partner to complete the projects. This additional investment has been reflected in the above carrying basis and in accrued liabilities on the balance sheet.

The primary purpose of the investment portfolio is to generate income and meet liquidity needs of the Company through readily saleable financial instruments. The portfolio includes fixed rate bonds, whose prices move inversely with rates and variable rate bonds. At the end of any accounting period, the investment portfolio has unrealized gains and losses. The Company monitors the portfolio, which is subject to liquidity needs, market rate changes and credit risk changes for other than temporary impairment. The primary concern in a loss situation is the credit quality of the business behind the instrument. Bonds deteriorate in value due to credit quality of the individual issuer and changes in market conditions.

A summary of unrealized losses (in thousands) and the length of time in a continuous loss position, by security type of December 31, 2018 were as follows:

	Less than 12 Months		More than 12 Months		Total
	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2018
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises	$-	$-	$7,886	$(113)	$7,886	$(113)
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies	-	-	403	(6)	403	(6)
Total	$-	$-	$8,289	$(119)	$8,289	$(119)

	Less than 12 Months		More than 12 Months		Total
	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2017
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises	$3,981	$(19)	$-	$-	$3,981	$(19)
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies	502	(6)	-	-	502	(6)
Total	$4,483	$(25)	$-	$-	$4,483	$(25)

As of December 31, 2017, there were no securities in an unrealized loss position.

60

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 4 

SECURITIES (CONTINUED):

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery of fair value. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had four agencies and a mortgage backed security that were temporarily impaired due to rising interest rates not the credit quality of the security. All of these securities had been in an unrealized loss position for exactly twelve months. The Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment losses in 2018, 2017 or 2016.

NOTE 5     

LOANS:

Loans held for investment as of December 31, 2018, and 2017 were as follows:

	2018	2017
Construction/Land Development	$61,659	$71,620
Farmland	17,030	13,606
Real Estate	192,278	184,546
Multi-Family	9,665	10,298
Commercial Real Estate	147,342	148,906
Home Equity – closed end	11,039	11,606
Home Equity – open end	53,197	54,739
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate	36,021	36,912
Consumer	9,861	6,633
Dealer Finance	97,523	75,169
Credit Cards	3,184	2,939
Total	$638,799	$616,974

The Company has pledged loans held for investment as collateral for borrowings with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta totaling $186,673 and $218,323 as of December 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The Company maintains a blanket lien on its entire residential real estate portfolio and certain commercial and home equity loans.

Loans held for sale consists of loans originated by F&M Mortgage for sale in the secondary market, and the Bank’s commitment to purchase residential mortgage loan participations from Northpointe Bank. The volume of loans purchased from Northpointe fluctuates due to a number of factors including changes in secondary market rates, which affects demand for mortgage loans; the number of participating banks involved in the program; the number of mortgage loan originators selling loans to the lead bank and the funding capabilities of the lead bank. Loans held for sale as of December 31, 2018, and 2017 were $55,910 and $39,775, respectively.

61

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 5 

LOANS (CONTINUED):

The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans:

	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
		Unpaid			Unpaid
	Recorded	Principal	Related	Recorded	Principal	Related
	Investment	Balance	Allowance	Investment	Balance	Allowance
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance:
Construction/Land Development	$2,414	$2,414	$-	$4,352	$5,269	$-
Farmland	1,941	1,941	-	1,984	1,984	-
Real Estate	1,932	1,932	-	1,273	1,273	-
Multi-Family	-	-	-	-	-	-
Commercial Real Estate	6,176	6,176	-	6,229	6,229	-
Home Equity – closed end	-	-	-	-	-	-
Home Equity – open end	-	-	-	-	347	-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate	-	-	-	-	-	-
Consumer	-	-	-	8	8	-
Credit cards	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dealer Finance	32	32	-	31	31	-
	12,495	12,495	-	13,877	15,141	-
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Construction/Land Development	4,311	4,871	1,627	4,998	4,998	1,661
Farmland	-	-	-	-	-	-
Real Estate	422	422	7	1,188	1,188	209
Multi-Family	-	-	-	-	-	-
Commercial Real Estate	-	1,500	-	-	-	-
Home Equity – closed end	-	-	-	-	-	-
Home Equity – open end	-	-	-	-	-	-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate	-	-	-	-	-	-
Consumer	8	8	2	-	-	-
Credit cards	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dealer Finance	194	194	10	47	47	12
	4,935	6,995	1,646	6,233	6,233	1,882
Total impaired loans	$17,430	$19,490	$1,646	$20,110	$21,374	$1,882

The Recorded Investment is defined as the principal balance less principal payments and charge-offs.

62

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 5    

LOANS (CONTINUED):

The following is a summary of the average investment and interest income recognized for impaired loans (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
	Average	Interest	Average	Interest
	Recorded	Income	Recorded	Income
	Investment	Recognized	Investment	Recognized
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance:
Construction/Land Development	$3,586	$89	$4,969	$382
Farmland	1,963	80	1,921	62
Real Estate	1,542	98	878	57
Multi-Family	-	-	-	-
Commercial Real Estate	2,304	286	1,682	44
Home Equity – closed end	-	-	-	-
Home Equity – open end	-	-	347	-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate	-	-	124	-
Consumer	-	-	10	-
Credit cards	-	-	-	-
Dealer Finance	28	5	24	3
	9,423	558	9,955	548
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Construction/Land Development	6,352	91	5,911	258
Farmland	-	-	-	-
Real Estate	554	23	1,194	49
Multi-Family	-	-	-	-
Commercial Real Estate	4,167	-	-	-
Home Equity – closed end	-	-	-	-
Home Equity – open end	-	-	-	-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate	-	-	-	-
Consumer	10	1	-	-
Credit cards	-	-	-	-
Dealer Finance	206	14	56	3
	11,289	129	7,161	310
Total impaired loans	$20,712	$687	$17,116	$858

63

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 5    

LOANS (CONTINUED):

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment of past due loans:

	30-59 Days Past due	60-89 Days Past Due	Greater than 90 Days	Total Past Due	Current	Total Loan Receivable	Non-Accrual Loans	Recorded Investment >90 days & accruing
December 31, 2018
Construction/Land Development	$290	$-	$1,767	$2,057	$59,602	$61,659	$2,327	$-
Farmland	-	-	-	-	17,030	17,030	-	-
Real Estate	3,074	677	1,729	5,480	186,798	192,278	1,477	726
Multi-Family	-	-	-	-	9,665	9,665	-	-
Commercial Real Estate	479	189	5,073	5,741	141,601	147,342	5,074	-
Home Equity – closed end	-	-	12	12	11,027	11,039	-	12
Home Equity – open end	148	171	320	639	52,558	53,197	269	51
Commercial & Industrial – Non- Real Estate	40	22	80	142	35,879	36,021	98	-
Consumer	89	26	3	118	9,743	9,861	5	2
Dealer Finance	2,763	337	96	3,196	94,327	97,523	155	9
Credit Cards	50	11	9	70	3,114	3,184	-	-
Total	$6,933	$1,433	$9,089	$17,455	$621,344	$638,799	$9,405	$800

	30-59 Days Past due	60-89 Days Past Due	Greater than 90 Days	Total Past Due	Current	Total Loan Receivable	Non-Accrual Loans	Recorded Investment >90 days & accruing
December 31, 2017
Construction/Land Development	$167	$5,459	$3,908	$9,534	$62,086	$71,620	$3,908	$-
Farmland	-	-	-	-	13,606	13,606	-	-
Real Estate	2,858	1,954	560	5,372	179,174	184,546	1,720	143
Multi-Family	179	-	-	179	10,119	10,298	-	-
Commercial Real Estate	544	-	-	544	148,362	148,906	-	-
Home Equity – closed end	-	25	-	25	11,581	11,606	3	-
Home Equity – open end	454	165	268	887	53,852	54,739	448	-
Commercial & Industrial – Non- Real Estate	108	36	595	739	36,173	36,912	599	-
Consumer	43	5	-	48	6,585	6,633	-	-
Dealer Finance	1,300	252	189	1,741	73,428	75,169	226	54
Credit Cards	30	8	1	39	2,900	2,939	-	1
Total	$5,683	$7,904	$5,521	$19,108	$597,866	$616,974	$6,904	$198

64

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 6 

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES:

A summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses (in thousands) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

December 31, 2018	Beginning Balance	Charge-offs	Recoveries	Provision for Loan Losses	Ending Balance	Individually Evaluated for Impairment	Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Allowance for loan losses:
Construction/Land Development	$2,547	$489	$122	$(86)	$2,094	$1,627	$467
Farmland	25	-	-	(10)	15	-	15
Real Estate	719	99	12	(340)	292	7	285
Multi-Family	19	-	-	(9)	10	-	10
Commercial Real Estate	482	1,546	1	1,479	416	-	416
Home Equity – closed end	66	3	4	(54)	13	-	13
Home Equity – open end	209	-	8	(91)	126	-	126
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate	337	573	91	337	192	-	192
Consumer	148	51	41	(68)	70	2	68
Dealer Finance	1,440	2,083	861	1,756	1,974	10	1,964
Credit Cards	52	76	46	16	38	-	38
Total	$6,044	$4,920	$1,186	$2,930	$5,240	$1,646	$3,594

December 31, 2017	Beginning Balance	Charge-offs	Recoveries	Provision for Loan Losses	Ending Balance	Individually Evaluated for Impairment	Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Allowance for loan losses:
Construction/Land Development	$3,381	$620	$-	$(214)	$2,547	$1,661	$886
Farmland	34	-	-	(9)	25	-	25
Real Estate	843	-	2	(126)	719	209	510
Multi-Family	23	-	-	(6)	19	-	19
Commercial Real Estate	705	-	13	(236)	482	-	482
Home Equity – closed end	75	7	25	(27)	66	-	66
Home Equity – open end	470	26	53	(288)	209	-	209
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate	586	179	72	(142)	337	-	337
Consumer	78	136	28	178	148	-	148
Dealer Finance	1,289	1,806	1,143	814	1,440	12	1,428
Credit Cards	59	98	37	54	52	-	52
Total	$7,543	$2,872	$1,373	$-	$6,044	$1,882	$4,162

65

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 6    

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (CONTINUED):

The following table presents the recorded investment in loans (in thousands) based on impairment method as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

December 31, 2018	Loan Receivable	Individually Evaluated for Impairment	Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Construction/Land Development	$61,659	$6,725	$54,934
Farmland	17,030	1,941	15,089
Real Estate	192,278	2,354	189,924
Multi-Family	9,665	-	9,665
Commercial Real Estate	147,342	6,176	141,166
Home Equity – closed end	11,039	-	11,039
Home Equity –open end	53,197	-	53,197
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate	36,021	-	36,021
Consumer	9,861	8	9,853
Dealer Finance	97,523	226	97,297
Credit Cards	3,184	-	3,184
Total	$638,799	$17,430	$621,369

December 31, 2017	Loan Receivable	Individually Evaluated for Impairment	Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Construction/Land Development	$71,620	$9,350	$62,270
Farmland	13,606	1,984	11,622
Real Estate	184,546	2,461	182,085
Multi-Family	10,298	-	10,298
Commercial Real Estate	148,906	6,229	142,677
Home Equity – closed end	11,606	-	11,606
Home Equity –open end	54,739	-	54,739
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate	36,912	-	36,912
Consumer	6,633	8	6,625
Dealer Finance	75,169	78	75,091
Credit Cards	2,939	-	2,939
Total	$616,974	$20,110	$596,864

66

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 6   

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (CONTINUED):

The following table shows the Company’s loan portfolio broken down by internal loan grade (in thousands) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

December 31, 2018	Grade 1 Minimal Risk	Grade 2 Modest Risk	Grade 3 Average Risk	Grade 4 Acceptable Risk	Grade 5 Marginally Acceptable	Grade 6 Watch	Grade 7 Substandard	Grade 8 Doubtful	Total
Construction/Land Development	$-	$1,148	$15,857	$29,301	$9,353	$-	$6,000	$-	$61,659
Farmland	62	-	4,953	6,376	3,205	493	1,941	-	17,030
Real Estate	-	1,644	55,429	106,387	22,679	1,531	4,608	-	192,278
Multi-Family	-		2,895	6,604	166	-	-	-	9,665
Commercial Real Estate	-	2,437	44,065	81,916	11,564	2,286	5,074	-	147,342
Home Equity – closed end	-	31	3,245	5,842	1,909	-	12	-	11,039
Home Equity – open end	60	1,554	19,464	27,347	4,157	223	392	-	53,197
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)	193	2,291	17,144	13,254	2,704	337	98	-	36,021
Consumer (excluding dealer)	27	190	2,648	5,192	1,800	-	4	-	9,861
Total	$342	$9,295	$165,700	$282,219	$57,537	$4,870	$18,129	$-	$538,092

	Credit Cards	Dealer Finance
Performing	$3,175	$97,368
Non performing	9	155
Total	$3,184	$97,523

67

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 6 

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (CONTINUED):

December 31, 2017	Grade 1 Minimal Risk	Grade 2 Modest Risk	Grade 3 Average Risk	Grade 4 Acceptable Risk	Grade 5 Marginally Acceptable	Grade 6 Watch	Grade 7 Substandard	Grade 8 Doubtful	Total
Construction/Land Development	$-	$690	$12,974	$30,197	$9,165	$3,520	$15,074	$-	$71,620
Farmland	63	-	3,153	4,120	3,793	494	1,983	-	13,606
Real Estate	-	1,512	53,764	101,606	19,734	4,660	3,270	-	184,546
Multi-Family	-	228	4,780	5,111	179	-	-	-	10,298
Commercial Real Estate	-	3,525	45,384	89,195	9,012	634	1,156	-	148,906
Home Equity – closed end	-	-	3,535	5,410	1,279	1,379	3	-	11,606
Home Equity – open end	235	1,598	17,383	30,888	3,945	176	514	-	54,739
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)	262	1,595	13,297	19,442	1,480	207	629	-	36,912
Consumer (excluding dealer)	34	490	2,226	88	1,065	2,254	476	-	6,633
Total	$594	$9,638	$156,496	$286,057	$49,652	$13,324	$23,105	$-	$538,866

	Credit Cards	Dealer Finance
Performing	$2,938	$75,116
Non performing	1	53
Total	$2,939	$75,169

Description of internal loan grades:

Grade 1 – Minimal Risk: Excellent credit, superior asset quality, excellent debt capacity and coverage, and recognized management capabilities.

Grade 2 – Modest Risk: Borrower consistently generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service, excellent credit, above average asset quality and liquidity.

Grade 3 – Average Risk: Borrower generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service. Employment (or business) is stable with good future trends. Credit is very good.

Grade 4 – Acceptable Risk: Borrower’s cash flow is adequate to cover debt service; however, unusual expenses or capital expenses must by covered through additional long term debt. Employment (or business) stability is reasonable, but future trends may exhibit slight weakness. Credit history is good. No unpaid judgments or collection items appearing on credit report.

Grade 5 – Marginally acceptable: Credit to borrowers who may exhibit declining earnings, may have leverage that is materially above industry averages, liquidity may be marginally acceptable. Employment or business stability may be weak or deteriorating. May be currently performing as agreed, but would be adversely affected by developing factors such as layoffs, illness, reduced hours or declining business prospects. Credit history shows weaknesses, past dues, paid or disputed collections and judgments, but does not include borrowers that are currently past due on obligations or with unpaid, undisputed judgments.

68

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 6     

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (CONTINUED):

Grade 6 – Watch: Loans are currently protected but are weak due to negative balance sheet or income statement trends. There may be a lack of effective control over collateral or the existence of documentation deficiencies. These loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. Other reasons supporting this classification include adverse economic or market conditions, pending litigation or any other material weakness. Existing loans that become 60 or more days past due are placed in this category pending a return to current status.

Grade 7 – Substandard: Loans having well-defined weaknesses where a payment default and or loss is possible, but not yet probable. Cash flow is inadequate to service the debt under the current payment, or terms, with prospects that the condition is permanent. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower and there is the likelihood that collateral will have to be liquidated and/or guarantor(s) called upon to repay the debt. Generally, the loan is considered collectible as to both principal and interest, primarily because of collateral coverage, however, if the deficiencies are not corrected quickly; there is a probability of loss.

Grade 8 – Doubtful: Loans having all the characteristics of a substandard credit, but available information indicates it is unlikely the loan will be repaid in its entirety. Cash flow is insufficient to service the debt. It may be difficult to project the exact amount of loss, but the probability of some loss is great. Loans are to be placed on non-accrual status when any portion is classified doubtful.

Credit card and dealer finance loans are classified as performing or nonperforming. A loan is nonperforming when payments of principal and interest are past due 90 days or more.

NOTE 7 

TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURING:

In the determination of the allowance for loan losses, management considers troubled debt restructurings and subsequent defaults in these restructurings by adjusting the loan grades of such loans, which are considered in the qualitative factors within the allowance for loan loss methodology. Defaults resulting in charge-offs affect the historical loss experience ratios which are a component of the allowance calculation. Additionally, specific reserves may be established on restructured loans which are evaluated individually for impairment.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, the Bank modified 21 loans that were considered to be troubled debt restructurings. These modifications include rate adjustments, revisions to amortization schedules, suspension of principal payments for a temporary period, re-advancing funds to be applied as payments to bring the loan(s) current, or any combination thereof.

	December 31, 2018
		Pre-Modification	Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)		Outstanding	Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment	Recorded Investment
Real Estate	1	$742	$742
Commercial	2	1,248	1,248
Consumer	18	$183	$183
Total	21	$2,173	$2,173

69

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 7 

TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURING (CONTINUED):

As of December 31, 2018, there were 5 loans restructured in the previous twelve months, in default. A restructured loan is considered in default when it becomes 30 days past due.

	December 31, 2018
		Pre-Modification	Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)		Outstanding	Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment	Recorded Investment
Real Estate	2	$142	$142
Consumer	3	12	12
Total	5	$154	$154

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the Bank modified 6 loans that were considered to be troubled debt restructurings. These modifications included rate adjustments, revisions to amortization schedules, suspension of principal payments for a temporary period, re-advancing funds to be applied as payments to bring the loan(s) current, or any combination thereof.

	December 31, 2017
		Pre-Modification	Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)		Outstanding	Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment	Recorded Investment
Consumer	3	$32	$32
Total	3	$32	$32

As of December 31, 2017, there were 3 loans restructured in the previous twelve months, in default. A restructured loan is considered in default when it becomes 30 days past due.

	December 31, 2017
		Pre-Modification	Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)		Outstanding	Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment	Recorded Investment
Real Estate	1	$67	$67
Construction/Land Development	2	1,502	1,502
Total	3	$1,569	$1,569

NOTE 8   

BANK PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT:

Bank premises and equipment as of December 31 are summarized as follows:

	2018	2017
Land	3,887	$3,883
Buildings and improvements	14,370	12,384
Furniture and equipment	10,438	9,454
	28,695	25,721
Less - accumulated depreciation	(10,929)	(9,827)
Net	$17,766	$15,894

Depreciation of $1,137 in 2018, $930 in 2017, and $827 in 2016 were charged to operations.

70

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 9  

OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED:

The table below reflects other real estate owned (OREO) activity for 2018 and 2017:

Other Real Estate Owned
	2018	2017
Balance as of January 1	$1,984	$2,076
Loans transferred to OREO	600	231
Capital improvements	-	2
Sale of OREO	(132)	(281)
Write down of OREO or losses on sale	(9)	(44)
Balance as of December 31	$2,443	$1,984

Activity in the valuation allowance was as follows:

	2018	2017
Balance as of January 1	$885	$885
Provision (recoveries) charged/(credited) to expense	(23)	-
Reductions from sales of real estate owned	(1)	-
Balance as of December 31	$861	$885

(Income) expenses related to foreclosed assets include:

	2018	2017	2016
Net loss (gain) on sales	$9	$44	$19
Gain on foreclosure	(94)	-	-
Provision/(recoveries) for unrealized losses	(10)	-	-
Operating expenses, net of rental income	64	32	67
(Income) expenses related to foreclosed assets	$(31)	$76	$86

At December 31, 2018, the balance of real estate owned includes $375 of foreclosed residential real estate properties recorded as a result of obtaining physical possession of the property. At December 31, 2018, the recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure procedures are in process is $518.

NOTE 10:

DEPOSITS

Time deposits that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250 at year end 2018 and 2017 were $13,464 and $13,637. At December 31, 2018, the scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows:

2018	$62,999
2019	50,775
2020	23,990
2021	7,174
2022 and after	10,928
Total	$155,866

71

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 11     

SHORT-TERM DEBT:

Short-term debt, all maturing within 12 months, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 is summarized as follows:

		Outstanding	Average
	Maximum Outstanding	At	Balance
	at any Month End	Year End	Outstanding	Yield
2018
Federal funds purchased	$11,906	$10,116	$1,399	2.51%
FHLB short term	46,000	30,000	22,937	1.83%
Totals		$40,116	$24,336	1.87%
2017
Federal funds purchased	$8,964	$5,296	$97	.17%
FHLB short term	50,000	20,000	20,301	.30%
Totals		$25,296	$20,398	.31%

The Company utilizes short-term debt such as Federal funds purchased and Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB) short term borrowings to support the loans held for sale participation program and provide liquidity. Federal funds purchased are unsecured overnight borrowings from other financial institutions. FHLB short term debt, which is secured by the loan portfolio, can be a daily rate variable loan that acts as a line of credit or a fixed rate advance, depending on the need of the Company.

Securities sold under repurchase agreements are secured transactions with customers and generally mature the day following the date sold. This product was discontinued in 2017.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $41,000, which may be used in the management of short-term liquidity, on which $10,116 was outstanding.

NOTE 12    

LONG-TERM DEBT:

The Company utilizes the FHLB advance program to fund loan growth and provide liquidity. The interest rates on long-term debt are fixed at the time of the advance and range from 1.27% to 2.56%; the weighted average interest rate was 1.96% and 1.86% at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The balance of these obligations at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $40,125 and $49,554 respectively. The Company recognized a gain of $504 on prepayment of two FHLB advances totaling $10,000 during the first quarter of 2017 and there were no additional borrowings in 2018 or 2017. FHLB advances include a $6,000 letter of credit at FHLB that is pledged to the Commonwealth of Virginia to secure public funds.

The maturities of long-term Federal Home Loan Bank long term debt as of December 31, 2018, were as follows:

2019	$6,928
2020	14,429
2021	5,929
2022	2,714
2023	7,000
Thereafter	3,125
Total	$40,125

In addition, the Company has a note payable to purchase a lot adjacent to one of the Bank branches for $85 at December 31, 2018 that is payable in remaining annual payments on January 1, 2019. There was $170 outstanding on this note at December 31, 2017.

VSTitle, LLC has a note payable for vehicle purchases with a balance of $8 and $9 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

72

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 13    

INCOME TAX EXPENSE:

The components of income tax expense were as follows:

	2018	2017	2016
Current expense	$1,155	$3,671	$3,046
Deferred expense (benefit)	(55)	(152)	53
Adjustments to deferred tax asset due to change in federal tax rate	-	811	-
Total deferred (benefit) expense	(55)	659	53
Total Income Tax Expense	$1,110	$4,330	$3,099

The components of deferred taxes as of December 31, were as follows:

	2018	2017
Deferred Tax Assets:
Allowance for loan losses	$1,096	$1,265
Split Dollar Life Insurance	3	3
Nonqualified deferred compensation	564	546
Low income housing partnerships losses	279	203
Core deposit amortization	13	108
Other real estate owned	173	173
Net unrealized loss on securities available for sale	25	5
Unfunded pension benefit obligation	1,030	1,096
Total Assets	$3,183	$3,399

	2018	2017
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Unearned low income housing credits	$158	$180
Depreciation	403	340
Prepaid pension	849	1,010
Goodwill tax amortization	564	559
Total Liabilities	1,974	2 089
Net Deferred Tax Asset (included in Other Assets on Balance Sheet)	$1,209	$1,310

The following table summarizes the differences between the actual income tax expense and the amounts computed using the federal statutory tax rates:

	2018	2017	2016
Tax expense at federal statutory rates	$2,104	$4,511	$4,307
Increases (decreases) in taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	-	-	6
Partially tax-exempt income	(49)	(59)	(41)
Tax-exempt income	(146)	(212)	(217)
LIH and historic credits	(774)	(633)	(896)
Deferred Tax Asset rate change	-	811	-
Other	(25)	(88)	(60)
Total Income Tax Expense	$1,110	$4,330	$3,099

The Company has analyzed the tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax returns and concluded it has no liability related to uncertain tax positions in accordance with accounting guidance related to income taxes.

The Company and its subsidiaries file federal income tax returns and state income tax returns. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.

73

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 14

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS:

Defined Benefit Pension Plan

The Company has a qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plan which covers substantially all of its employees hired before April 1, 2012. The benefits are primarily based on years of service and earnings. The Company uses December 31st as the measurement date for the defined benefit pension plan.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the changes in the benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for 2018, 2017 and 2016:

	2018	2017	2016
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation, beginning	$15,103	$12,475	$10,944
Service cost	768	696	632
Interest cost	497	487	453
Actuarial (gain) loss	(1,562)	1,620	872
Benefits paid	(587)	(175)	(426)
Benefit obligation, ending	$14,219	$15,103	$12,475
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets, beginning	$13,645	$12,032	$11,678
Actual return on plan assets	(613)	1,788	780
Employer contribution	-	-	-
Benefits paid	(587)	(175)	(426)
Fair value of plan assets, ending	$12,445	$13,645	$12,032
Funded status at the end of the year	$(1,774)	$(1,458)	$(443)

The fair value of plan assets is measured based on the fair value hierarchy as discussed in Note 20, “Fair Value Measurements” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The valuations are based on third party data received as of the balance sheet date. All plan assets are considered Level 1 assets, as quoted prices exist in active markets for identical assets.

74

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 14   

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED):

Defined Benefit Pension Plan, continued

	2018	2017	2016
Amount recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Prepaid benefit cost	$3,131	$3,760	$4,361
Unfunded pension benefit obligation under ASC 325-960	(4,905)	(5,218)	(4,804)
Deferred taxes	1,030	1,096	1,633
Amount recognized in accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss)
Net loss	$(4,932)	$(5,260)	$(4,861)
Prior service cost	27	42	57
Amount recognized	$(4,905)	(5,218)	(4,804)
Deferred taxes	1,030	1,096	1,633
Amount recognized in accumulated comprehensive income	$(3,875)	$(4,122)	$(3,171)
Prepaid benefit detail
Benefit obligation	$(14,219)	$(15,103)	$(12,475)
Fair value of assets	12,445	13,645	12,032
Unrecognized net actuarial loss	4,932	5,260	4,861
Unrecognized prior service cost	(27)	(42)	(57)
Prepaid (accrued) benefits	$3,131	$3,760	$4,361
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$768	$696	$632
Interest cost	496	487	452
Expected return on plan assets	(923)	(851)	(854)
Amortization of prior service cost	(15)	(15)	(15)
Recognized net actuarial loss	303	284	223
Net periodic benefit cost	$629	$601	$438
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations
recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
Net loss	$(328)	$399	$724
Amortization of prior service cost	15	15	15
Total recognized in other comprehensive income	$(313)	$414	$739
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other
comprehensive income (loss)	$316	$1,015	$1,177
Additional disclosure information
Accumulated benefit obligation	$10,992	$10,760	$8,789
Vested benefit obligation	$10,983	$10,750	$8,780
Discount rate used for net pension cost	3.50%	4.00%	4.25%
Discount rate used for disclosure	4.25%	3.50%	4.00%
Expected return on plan assets	7.25%	7.25%	7.50%
Rate of compensation increase	3.00%	3.00%	3.00%
Average remaining service (years)	12	12	13

75

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 14    

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED):

Funding Policy

Due to the current funding status of the plan, the Company did not make a contribution in 2018, 2017 or 2016. The net periodic pension cost of the plan for 2019 will be approximately $745. Due to recent retirements, the Company expects to be obligated for payments to former employees that will result in the plan being subject to a settlement accounting charge in 2019. This amount is measured on a quarterly basis by plan actuaries and will change based on additional retirements that may occur as well as market values of the plan assets. While the total amount of the settlement accounting charge for 2019 is not known at this time, we expect that the amount will range between $600 and $800 as an additional pension expense in 2019.

Long-Term Rate of Return

The Company, as plan sponsor, selects the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption in consultation with investment advisors and the plan actuary. This rate is intended to reflect the average rate of earnings expected to be earned on the funds invested or to be invested to provide plan benefits. Historical performance is reviewed, especially with respect to real rates of return (net of inflation) for the major asset classes held or anticipated to be held by the trust. Undue weight is not given to recent experience, which may not continue over the measurement period, with higher significance placed on current forecasts of future long-term economic conditions.

Because assets are held in a qualified trust, anticipated returns are not reduced for taxes. Further, and solely for this purpose, the plan is assumed to continue in force and not terminate during the period during which the assets are invested. However, consideration is given to the potential impact of current and future investment policy, cash flow into and out of the trust, and expenses (both investment and non-investment) typically paid from plan assets (to the extent such expenses are not explicitly estimated within periodic cost).

Asset Allocation

The trust fund is sufficiently diversified to maintain a reasonable level of risk without imprudently sacrificing return, with a targeted asset allocation of 39% fixed income and 61% equity. The Investment Manager selects investment fund managers with demonstrated experience and expertise, and funds with demonstrated historical performance, for the implementation of the Plan’s investment strategy. The Investment Manager will consider both actively and passively managed investment strategies and will allocate funds across the asset classes to develop an efficient investment structure. The pension plan’s allocations as of December 31, 2018, and 2017 were 58% equity and 42% fixed and 61% equity and 39% fixed, respectively.

Estimated Future Benefit Payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, as of December 31, 2018, are as follows:

2019	$2,685
2020	604
2021	394
2022	1,542
2022	894
2024-2028	7,483
	$13,602

76

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 14 

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED):

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)

The Company sponsors an ESOP which provides stock ownership to substantially all employees of the Company. The Plan provides total vesting upon the attainment of five years of service. Contributions to the plan are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and are allocated based on the compensation of each employee relative to total compensation paid by the Company. All shares issued and held by the Plan are considered outstanding in the computation of earnings per share. Dividends on Company stock are allocated and paid to participants at least annually. Shares of Company stock, when distributed, have restrictions on transferability. For the plan year ending September 30, 2018 the Company contributed $443 in 2018, $430 in 2017, and $407 in 2016 to the Plan and charged this expense to operations. The shares held by the ESOP totaled 203,147 and 194,018 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

401(K) Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) savings plan under which eligible employees may choose to save up to 20 percent of their salary on a pretax basis, subject to certain IRS limits. Under the Federal Safe Harbor rules employees are automatically enrolled at 3% (this increases by 1% per year up to 6%) of their salary unless elected otherwise. The Company matches one hundred percent of the first 1% contributed by the employee and fifty percent from 2% to 6% of employee contributions. Vesting in the contributions made by the Company is 100% after two years of service. Contributions under the plan amounted to $283, $263 and $242 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Deferred Compensation Plan

The Company has a nonqualified deferred compensation plan for several of its key employees and directors. The Company may make annual contributions to the plan, and the employee or director has the option to defer a portion of their salary or bonus based on qualifying annual elections. Contributions to the plan totaled $125 in 2018, $125 in 2017 and $125 in 2016. A liability is accrued for the obligation under the plan and totaled $3,170 and $3,377 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Investments in Life Insurance Contracts

The Bank currently offers a variety of benefit plans to all full-time employees. While the costs of these plans are generally tax deductible to the Bank, the cost has been escalating greatly in recent years. To help offset escalating benefit costs and to attract and retain qualified employees, the Bank purchased Bank Owned Life Insurance (BOLI) contracts that will provide benefits to employees during their lifetime. Dividends received on these policies are tax-deferred and the death benefits under the policies are tax exempt. Rates of return on a tax-equivalent basis are very favorable when compared to other long-term investments which the Bank might make. The accrued liability related to the BOLI contracts was $466 and $443 for December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

NOTE 15 

CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT:

The Company had cash deposits in other commercial banks in excess of FDIC insurance limits totaling $2,195 and $1,798 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company grants commercial, residential real estate and consumer loans to customers located primarily in the northwestern portion of the State of Virginia. There were no loan concentration areas greater than 25% of capital. Collateral required by the Company is determined on an individual basis depending on the purpose of the loan and the financial condition of the borrower. As of December 31, 2018, approximately 77% of the loan portfolio was secured by real estate.

77

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 16 

COMMITMENTS:

The Company makes commitments to extend credit in the normal course of business and issues standby letters of credit to meet the financing needs of its customers. The amount of the commitments represents the Company's exposure to credit loss that is not included in the consolidated balance sheet. As of the December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had the following commitments outstanding:

	2018	2017
Commitments to extend credit	$169,863	$170,798
Standby letters of credit	2,119	1,533

The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments to extend credit and issue standby letters of credit as it does for the loans reflected in the consolidated balance sheet.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. Collateral required, if any, upon extension of credit is based on management's credit evaluation of the borrower’s ability to pay. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment.

The Bank leases four of its branch offices and its loan production office under long term lease arrangements which had initial terms of either three, five or ten years. F&M Mortgage leased its building until December of 2017 and therefore recorded lease expense in 2017 and 2016. VST leases three of its offices, the lease expense is included in the following disclosure as well as future lease payments. The North Augusta Branch and the Dealer Finance division office are leases with related parties. The Company considers these lease agreements to be arm’s length transactions.

Lease expense was $249, $355 and $291 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, the required lease payments for the next five years were as follows:

2019	$155
2020	128
2021	110
2022	105
2023	93
Thereafter	114

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

Commitments to fund certain mortgage loans originated by F&M Mortgage (rate lock commitments) to be sold into the secondary market and best efforts commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors are considered derivatives. It is the practice of F&M Mortgage to enter into best efforts commitments for the future delivery of residential mortgage loans when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans. These mortgage banking derivatives are not designated hedge relationships. The fair value of the mortgage banking derivatives were estimated based on changes in interest rates from the date of the commitments and were considered immaterial at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and were not recorded on the Company’s balance sheet.

78

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 17 

ON BALANCE SHEET DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES:

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company has stand alone derivative financial instruments in the form of forward option contracts. These transactions involve both credit and market risk. The notional amounts are amounts on which calculations, payments, and the value of the derivative are based. Notional amounts do not represent direct credit exposures. Direct credit exposure is limited to the net difference between the calculated amounts to be received and paid, if any. Such difference, which represents the fair value of the derivative instruments, is reflected on the Company’s balance sheet as derivative assets and derivative liabilities.

The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to these agreements. The Company controls the credit risk of its financial contracts through credit approvals, limits and monitoring procedures, and does not expect any counterparties to fail their obligations. The Company deals only with primary dealers.

Derivative instruments are generally either negotiated Over-the-Counter (OTC) contracts or standardized contracts executed on a recognized exchange. Negotiated OTC derivative contracts are generally entered into between two counterparties that negotiate specific agreement terms, including the underlying instrument, amount, exercise prices and maturity.

The Company issues to customer’s certificates of deposit with an interest rate that is derived from the rate of return on the stock of the companies that comprise The Dow Jones Industrial Average. In order to manage the interest rate risk associated with this deposit product, the Company has purchased a series of forward option contracts. These contracts provide the Company with a rate of return commensurate with the return of The Dow Jones Industrial Average from the time of the contract until maturity of the related certificates of deposit. These contracts are accounted for as fair value hedges. Because the certificates of deposit can be redeemed by the customer at any time and the related forward options contracts cannot be cancelled by the Company, the hedge is not considered effective. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument, if any, is recognized currently in earnings. There was no ineffective portion included in the consolidated income statement for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

At December 31, the information pertaining to the forward option contracts, included in other assets and other liabilities on the balance sheet, is as follows:

	2018	2017
Notional amount	$184	$184
Fair value of contracts, included in other assets	44	59

79

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 18    

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES:

During the year, executive officers and directors (and companies controlled by them) were customers of and had transactions with the Company in the normal course of business. Management believes these transactions were made on substantially the same terms as those prevailing for other customers and did not involve any abnormal risk.

Loan transactions with related parties are shown in the following schedule:

	2018	2017
Total loans, beginning of year	$20,377	$7,486
New loans	5,785	6,803
Relationship change	169	10,403
Repayments	(5,766)	(4,315)
Total loans, end of year	$20,565	$20,377

Deposits of executive officers and directors and their affiliates were $4,110 and $7,757 on December 31, 2018 and 2017 respectively.  Management believes these deposits were made under the same terms available to other customers of the bank.

NOTE 19  

DIVIDEND LIMITATIONS ON SUBSIDIARY BANK:

The principal source of funds of F & M Bank Corp. is dividends paid by the Farmers & Merchants Bank. The Federal Reserve Act restricts the amount of dividends the Bank may pay. Approval by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is required if the dividends declared by a state member bank, in any year, exceed the sum of (1) net income of the current year and (2) income net of dividends for the preceding two years. As of January 1, 2019, approximately $8,140 was available for dividend distribution without permission of the Board of Governors. Dividends paid by the Bank to the Company totaled $8,874 in 2018, $5,000 in 2017 and $5,000 in 2016.

NOTE 20    

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS:

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 –	Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 –	Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.
Level 3 –	Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:

80

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 20  

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED):

Securities

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and exchange traded equities, such as U. S. Treasuries. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flow. Level 2 securities would include U.S. agency securities, mortgage-backed agency securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions and certain corporate, asset backed and other securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The carrying value of restricted Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates fair value based upon the redemption provisions of each entity and is therefore excluded from the following table.

Derivatives

The Company’s derivatives are recorded at fair value based on third party vendor supplied information using discounted cash flow analysis from observable-market based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.

The following tables present the balances of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

December 31, 2018	Total	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	$7,886	-	$7,886	-
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies	403	-	403	-
Total securities available for sale	$8,289	$-	$8,289	$-
Derivatives	$44	$-	$44	$-

December 31, 2017	Total	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
U. S. Treasuries	$19,998	$19,998	$-	$-
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	7,980	-	7,980	-
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies	502	-	502	-
Equity securities1	135	-	135	-
Total securities available for sale	$28,615	$19,998	$8,617	$-
Derivatives	$59	$-	$59	$-

1 Transferred to other investments on January 1, 2018 upon adoption of ASU 2016-01

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale are short-term loans purchased at par for resale to investors at the par value of the loan and loans originated by F&M Mortgage for sale in the secondary market. Loan participations are generally repurchased within 15 days.  Loans originated for sale by F&M Mortgage are recorded at lower of cost or market. No market adjustments were required at December 31, 2018 or 2017; therefore, loans held for sale were carried at cost. Because of the short-term nature and fixed repurchase price, the book value of these loans approximates fair value at December 31, 2018, and 2017.

81

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 20 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED):

Impaired Loans

Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Troubled debt restructurings are impaired loans. Impaired loans are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. If an individually-evaluated impaired loan’s balance exceeds fair value, the amount is allocated to the allowance for loan losses. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The fair value of an impaired loan and measurement of associated loss is based on one of three methods: the observable market price of the loan, the present value of projected cash flows, or the fair value of the collateral. The observable market price of a loan is categorized as a Level 1 input. The present value of projected cash flows method results in a Level 3 categorization because the calculation relies on the Company’s judgment to determine projected cash flows, which are then discounted at the current rate of the loan, or the rate prior to modification if the loan is a troubled debt restructure.

Loans measured using the fair value of collateral method are categorized in Level 3. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. Most collateral is real estate. The Company bases collateral method fair valuation upon the “as-is” value of independent appraisals or evaluations.

The value of real estate collateral is determined by an independent appraisal utilizing an income or market valuation approach.  The Company discounts appraised value by estimated selling costs to arrive at net fair value. Appraisals conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data is categorized as Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal (Level 3) if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements (Level 3) if not considered significant. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3).

As of December 31, 2018, and 2017, the fair value measurements for impaired loans with specific allocations were primarily based upon the fair value of the collateral.

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period (dollars in thousands):

December 31, 2018	Total	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Construction/Land Development	$2,684	-	-	$2,684
Real Estate	415	-	-	415
Consumer	6			6
Dealer Finance	184	-	-	184
Impaired loans	$3,289	-	-	$3,289

December 31, 2017	Total	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Construction/Land Development	$3,337	-	-	$3,337
Real Estate	979	-	-	979
Dealer Finance	35	-	-	35
Impaired loans	$4,351	-	-	$4,351

82

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 20 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED):

The following table presents information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Fair Value at December 31, 2018	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Impaired Loans	$ 3,289	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs and marketability	2%-9% (Average 4.21%)

	Fair Value at December 31, 2017	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Impaired Loans	$ 4,351	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs and marketability	3%-19% (Average 5.5%)

Other Real Estate Owned

Certain assets such as other real estate owned (OREO) are measured at fair value less cost to sell. Valuation of other real estate owned is determined using current appraisals from independent parties, a level three input. If current appraisals cannot be obtained prior to reporting dates, or if declines in value are identified after a recent appraisal is received, appraisal values are discounted, resulting in Level 3 estimates. If the Company markets the property with a realtor, estimated selling costs reduce the fair value, resulting in a valuation based on Level 3 inputs.

The Company markets other real estate owned both independently and with local realtors. Properties marketed by realtors are discounted by selling costs. Properties that the Company markets independently are not discounted by selling costs.

The following table summarizes the Company’s other real estate owned that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period.

December 31, 2018	Total	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Other real estate owned	$2,443	-	-	$2,443

December 31, 2017	Total	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Other real estate owned	$1,984	-	-	$1,984

The following table presents information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Fair Value at December 31, 2018	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Other real estate owned	$ 2,443	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs	5%-15% (Average 8%)

	Fair Value at December 31, 2017	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Other real estate owned	$ 1,984	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs	5%-15% (Average 8%)

83

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 20 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following presents the carrying amount, fair value and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. For short-term financial assets such as cash and cash equivalents and short-term liabilities, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. For financial liabilities such as noninterest bearing demand, interest bearing demand and savings deposits, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to these products having no stated maturity. Fair values for December 31, 2018 are estimated under the exit price notion in accordance with the prospective adoption of ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” Fair values for December 31, 2017 are estimated under the guidance in effect for that period, which did not require use of the exit price notion.

		Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)	Fair Value at December 31, 2018
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$10,912	$10,912	$-	$-	$10,912
Securities	8,412	-	8,412	-	8,412
Loans held for sale	55,910	-	55,910	-	55,910
Loans held for investment, net	633,559	-	-	613,717	613,717
Interest receivable	2,078	-	2,078	-	2,078
Bank owned life insurance	19,464	-	19,464	-	19,464
Total	$730,335	$10,912	$85,864	$613,717	$710,493
Liabilities:
Deposits	$591,325	$-	$441,319	$153,848	$595,167
Short-term debt	40,116	-	40,116	-	40,116
Long-term debt	40,218	-	-	39,609	39,609
Interest payable	348	-	348	-	348
Total	$672,007	$-	$481,783	$193,457	$675,240

The estimated fair values, and related carrying amounts (in thousands), of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

84

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 20 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)

		Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)	Fair Value at December 31, 2017
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$11,907	$11,907	$-	$-	$11,907
Securities	28,740	19,998	8,742	-	28,740
Loans held for sale	39,775	-	39,775	-	39,775
Loans held for investment, net	610,930	-	-	646,703	646,703
Interest receivable	2,007	-	2,007	-	2,007
Bank owned life insurance	13,950	-	13,950	-	13,950
Total	$707,309	$31,905	$64,474	$646,703	$743,082
Liabilities:
Deposits	$569,177	$-	$403,907	$167,210	$571,117
Short-term debt	25,296	-	25,296	-	25,296
Long-term debt	49,733	-	-	49,869	49, 869
Interest payable	260	-	260	-	260
Total	$644,466	$-	$429,463	$217,079	$646,542

85

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 21     

REGULATORY MATTERS

The Company meets the eligibility criteria of a small bank holding company in accordance with the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement issued in February 2015 and is not obligated to report consolidated regulatory capital. The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

The final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. Banks (Basel III rules) became effective January 1, 2015, with full compliance of all the requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule and fully phased in on January 1, 2019. Under the Basel III rules, the Company must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer was fully phased in at 2.50% January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer for 2018 was 1.875% and for 2017 was 1.25%. The net unrealized gain on securities available for sale and the unfunded pension liability are not included in computing regulatory capital.

Quantitative measures established by regulation, to ensure capital adequacy, require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios. These ratios are defined in the regulations and the amounts are set forth in the table below. Management believes, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, that the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

As of the most recent notification from the Federal Reserve Bank Report of Examination, the subsidiary bank was categorized as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk based, Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution’s category.

The actual capital ratios for the Bank are presented in the following table (dollars in thousands):

	Actual		Minimum Capital Requirement		Minimum to be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
December 31, 2018	Amount	Ratio	Amount	Ratio	Amount	Ratio
Total risk-based ratio	$95,597	14.44%	$52,955	8.00%	$66,194	10.00%
Tier 1 risk-based ratio	90,357	13.65%	39,717	6.00%	52,955	8.00%
Common equity tier 1	90,357	13.65%	29,787	4.50%	43,026	6.50%
Total assets leverage ratio	90,357	11.79%	30,659	4.00%	38,324	5.00%

	Actual		Minimum Capital Requirement		Minimum to be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
December 31, 2017	Amount	Ratio	Amount	Ratio	Amount	Ratio
Total risk-based ratio	$95,563	15.41%	$49,614	8.00%	$62,018	10.00%
Tier 1 risk-based ratio	89,519	14.43%	37,211	6.00%	49,614	8.00%
Common equity tier 1	89,519	14.43%	27,908	4.50%	40,312	6.50%
Total assets leverage ratio	89,519	12.07%	29,656	4.00%	37,070	5.00%

86

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 22   

BUSINESS SEGMENTS:

	December 31, 2018
	F&M Bank	F&M Mortgage	TEB Life/FMFS	VSTitle	Parent Only	Eliminations	F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
Revenues:
Interest Income	$36,550	$139	$144	$-	$-	$(125)	$36,708
Service charges on deposits	1,496	-	-	-	-	-	1,496
Investment services and insurance income	-	-	918	-	-	(19)	899
Mortgage banking income, net	-	2,348	-	-	-	(36)	2,312
Title insurance income	-	-	-	1,294	-	-	1,294
Other operating income	2,002	-	-	-	-	-	2,002
Total income	40,048	2,487	1,062	1,294	-	(180)	44,711
Expenses:
Interest Expense	4,839	118	-	-	-	(125)	4,832
Provision for loan losses	2,930	-	-	-	-	-	2,930
Salaries and benefits	13,153	1,783	578	922	-	-	16,436
Other operating expenses	9,448	553	57	220	49	(19)	10,308
Total expense	30,370	2,454	635	1,142	49	(144)	34,506
Income before income taxes	9,678	33	427	152	(49)	(36)	10,205
Income tax expense (benefit)	1,021	-	57	-	32	-	1,110
Net income	$8,657	$33	$370	$152	$(81)	$(36)	$9,095
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	-	10	-	36	-	(36)	10
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	$8,657	$23	$370	$116	$(81)	$-	$9,085
Total Assets	$782,782	$7,449	$7,237	$458	$91,582	$(109,255)	$780,253
Goodwill	$2,670	$48	$-	$2	$164	$-	$2,884

87

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 22  

BUSINESS SEGMENTS CONTINUED:

	December 31, 2017
	F&M Bank	F&M Mortgage	TEB Life/FMFS	VSTitle	Parent Only	Eliminations	F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
Revenues:
Interest Income	$33,904	$125	$148	$-	$-	$(82)	$34,095
Service charges on deposits	1,360	-	-	-	-	-	1,360
Investment services and insurance income	1	-	772	-	-	(18)	755
Mortgage banking income, net	-	2,269	-	-	-	(49)	2,220
Title insurance income	-	-	-	1,162	-	-	1,162
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt	504	-	-	-	-	-	504
Loss on investments	-	(40)	(2)	-	-	-	(42)
Other operating income	2,128	1	-	-	162	(358)	1,933
Total income	37,897	2,355	918	1,162	162	(507)	41,987
Expenses:
Interest Expense	3,904	75	-	-	-	(82)	3,897
Provision for loan losses	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Salaries and benefits	12,092	1,557	474	731	-	-	14,854
Other operating expenses	8,942	618	51	226	46	(18)	9,865
Total expense	24,938	2,250	525	957	46	(100)	28,616
Income before income taxes	12,959	105	393	205	116	(407)	13,371
Income tax expense (benefit)	4,316	-	109	-	(95)	-	4,330
Net income	$8,643	$105	$284	$205	$211	$(407)	$9,041
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	-	31	-	49	-	(49)	31
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	$8,643	$74	$284	$156	$211	$(358)	$9,010
Total Assets	$754,375	$7,018	$6,749	$1,067	$90,964	$(106,903)	$753,270
Goodwill	$2,670	$47	$-	$-	$164	$-	$2,881

88

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 22

BUSINESS SEGMENTS CONTINUED:

	December 31, 2016
	F&M Bank	VBS Mortgage	TEB Life/FMFS	Parent Only	Eliminations	F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
Revenues:
Interest Income	$31,949	$55	$152	$-	$(6)	$32,150
Service charges on deposits	1,174	-	-	-	-	1,174
Investment services and insurance income	1	-	470	-	(30)	441
Mortgage banking income, net	-	2,565	-	-	-	2,565
Other operating income	2,353	-	-	-	(951)	1,402
Total income	35,477	2,620	622	-	(987)	37,732
Expenses:
Interest Expense	3,605	-	-	-	(6)	3,599
Provision for loan losses	-	-	-	-	-	-
Salaries and benefits	11,123	1,387	290	-	-	12,800
Other operating expenses	8,139	586	66	1	(320)	8,472
Total expense	22,867	1,973	356	1	(326)	24,871
Income before income taxes	12,610	647	266	(1)	(661)	12,861
Income tax expense (benefit)	3,290	-	58	(249)	-	3,099
Net income	$9,320	$647	$208	$248	$(661)	$9,762
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	-	194	-	-	-	194
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	$9,320	$453	$208	$248	$(661)	$9,568
Total Assets	$748,273	$7,487	$6,476	$87,449	$(104,796)	$744,889
Goodwill	$2,670	$-	$-	$-	$-	$2,670

89

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 23

PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:

Balance Sheets

December 31, 2018 and 2017

	2018	2017
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$749	$917
Investment in subsidiaries	89,418	88,967
Other investments	135	135
Income tax receivable (including due from subsidiary)	946	565
Goodwill and intangibles	327	380
Total Assets	$91,575	$90,964
Liabilities
Deferred income taxes	151	177
Accrued expenses	72	86
Total Liabilities	$223	$263
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock par value $25 per share, 400,000 shares authorized, 249,860 and 324,150 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.	$5,672	$7,529
Common stock par value $5 per share, 6,000,000 shares authorized, 3,213,132 and 3,255,036 shares issued and outstanding for 2018 and 2017, respectively	16,066	16,275
Additional paid in capital	7,987	10,225
Retained earnings	65,596	60,814
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,969)	(4,142)
Total Stockholders' Equity	91,352	90,701
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$91,575	$90,964

90

Statements of Income

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

	2018	2017	2016
Income
Dividends from affiliate	$8,874	$5,000	$5,000
Net limited partnership income (loss)	-	162	-
Total Income	8,874	5,162	5,000
Expenses
Total Expenses	49	47	1
Net income before income tax expense (benefit)
and undistributed subsidiary net income	8,825	5,115	4,999
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	32	(95)	(249)
Income before undistributed subsidiary net income	8,793	5,210	5,248
Undistributed subsidiary net income	292	3,800	4,320
Net Income F&M Bank Corp.	$9,085	$9,010	$9,568

91

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2076

NOTE 23   

PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED):

Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

	2018	2017	2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$9,085	$9,010	$9,568
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
cash provided by operating activities:
Undistributed subsidiary income	(292)	(3,800)	(4,320)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense	(3)	(112)	5
Increase in other assets	(328)	(1,256)	-
Decrease in other liabilities	(23)	(77)	(535)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	8,439	3,765	4,718
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	-	-	-
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Repurchase of preferred stock	(2,788)	(101)	(1,961)
Repurchase of common stock	(1,782)	(712)	(577)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	266	197	183
Dividends paid in cash	(4,303)	(3,387)	(3,115)
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities	(8,607)	(4,003)	(5,470)
Net (decrease) increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(168)	(238)	(752)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year	917	1,155	1,907
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year	$749	$917	$1,155

NOTE 24    

INVESTMENT IN F&M MORTGAGE, LLC

On November 3, 2008, the Bank acquired a 70% ownership interest in VBS Mortgage, LLC (DBA F&M Mortgage). F&M Mortgage originates both conventional and government sponsored mortgages for sale in the secondary market. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of F&M Mortgage and reflected the issued and outstanding interest not held by the Company in its consolidated financial statements as noncontrolling interest.

92

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 25     

INVESTMENT IN VSTITLE, LLC

On January 1, 2017, the Company acquired a 76% ownership interest in VSTitle, LLC (VST). VST provides title insurance services to the customers in our market area, including F&M Mortgage and the Bank. F&M Mortgage is the minority owner in VST and accordingly, the Company consolidated the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of VST, however there is no noncontrolling interest reflected as the 24% is included in VBS Mortgage’s income. January 1, 2018 VST purchased a small title company in Harrisonburg.

NOTE 26 ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The balances in accumulated other comprehensive loss are shown in the following table:

dollars in thousands	Unrealized Securities Gains (Losses)	Adjustments Related to Pension Plan	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at December, 31, 2015	4	(2,684)	(2,680)
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax	2	-	2
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax	-	(487)	(487)
Balance at December, 31, 2016	$6	$(3,171)	$(3,165)
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax	(26)	-	(26)
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax	-	(951)	(951)
Balance at December, 31, 2017	$(20)	$(4,122)	$(4,142)
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax	(74)	-	(74)
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax	-	247	247
Balance at December, 31, 2018	$(94)	$(3,875)	$(3,969)

There were no reclassifications adjustments reported on the consolidated statements of income during 2016, 2017 or 2018.

NOTE 27 REVENUE RECOGNITION

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606. The implementation of the new standard did not have a material impact on the measurement or recognition of revenue; as such, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605.

Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as deposit related fees, interchange fees, merchant income, and annuity and insurance commissions. However, the recognition of these revenue streams did not change significantly upon adoption of Topic 606. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated from contracts with customers. Noninterest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.

93

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 27 REVENUE RECOGNITION, CONTINUED

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts

Service charges on deposit accounts consist of account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business and public checking accounts), overdraft fees, monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.

Investment Services and Insurance Income

Investment services and insurance income primarily consists of commissions received on mutual funds and other investment sales. Commissions from the sale of mutual funds and other investments are recognized on trade date, which is when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation.

Title Insurance Income

VSTitle provides title insurance and real estate settlement services. Revenue is recognized at the time the real estate transaction is completed.

ATM and Check Card Fees

ATM and Check Card Fees are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees, merchant services income, and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions, in addition to account management fees.

Other

Other noninterest income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as safe deposit box rental fees, and other service charges. Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The Company determined that since rentals and renewals occur fairly consistently over time, revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the duration of the performance obligation. Other service charges include revenue from processing wire transfers, online payment fees, cashier’s checks, mobile banking fees and other services. The Company’s performance obligation for fees, exchange, and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.

94

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

NOTE 27 REVENUE RECOGNITION, CONTINUED

The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Noninterest income out-of-scope of Topic 606 in 2017 included onetime gains on prepayment of debt of $504.

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2018	2017	2016
Noninterest Income
In-scope of Topic 606:
Service Charges on Deposits	$1,496	$1,359	$1,174
Investment Services and Insurance Income	901	755	441
Title Insurance Income	1,293	1,161	2565
ATM and check card fees	1,537	1,387	-
Other	525	490	-
Noninterest Income (in-scope of Topic 606)	5,752	5,153	4,180
Noninterest Income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)	2,251	2,739	1,402
Total Noninterest Income	$8,003	$7,892	$5,582

Contract Balances

A contract asset balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company’s noninterest revenue streams are largely based on transactional activity. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and revenue is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any significant contract balances.

Contract Acquisition Costs

In connection with the adoption of Topic 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize into expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained (for example, sales commission). The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. Upon adoption of Topic 606, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition cost.

95

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

F&M Bank Corp.

Timberville, Virginia

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of F&M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, and our report dated March 14, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2016.

Winchester, Virginia

March 14, 2019

96

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

F&M Bank Corp.

Timberville, Virginia

Opinion on the Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited F&M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended of the Company, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements, and our report dated March 14, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.

Winchester, Virginia

March 14, 2019

97

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2018 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the Company’s quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, the Company believes that no system of controls, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide absolute assurance that all control issues have been detected.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements included in the annual report. The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and reflect management’s judgements and estimates concerning effects of events and transactions that are accounted for or disclosed.

Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that pertain to the Company's ability to record, process, summarize and report reliable financial data. Management recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of internal control. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting may vary over time.

In order to ensure that the Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective, management regularly assesses such controls and did so most recently for its financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO, 2013) of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management believes the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C., the independent registered public accounting firm which also audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Yount, Hyde & Barbour’s attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is included in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplemental Data” on this Form 10-K.

98

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Information regarding directors, executive officers and the audit committee financial expert is incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the Company’s 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 11, 2019 (“Proxy Statement”), under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Board of Directors and Committees,” and “Executive Officers.”

Information on Section 16(a) beneficial ownership reporting compliance for the directors and executive officers of the Company is incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”

The Company has adopted a broad based code of ethics for all employees and directors. The Company has also adopted a code of ethics tailored to senior officers who have financial responsibilities. A copy of the codes may be obtained without charge by request from the corporate secretary.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

This information is incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement under the caption “Executive Compensation.”

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

This information is incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement under the caption “Ownership of Company Common Stock” and “Executive Compensation” and from Item 5 of this 10-K.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Directors Independence

This information is incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement under the caption “Interest of Directors and Officers in Certain Transactions.”

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

This information is incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement under the caption “Principal Accounting Fees.”

99

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

The following financial statements are filed as a part of this report:

(a)(1) Financial Statements

The following consolidated financial statements and reports of independent auditors of the Company are in Part II, Item 8 on pages 43 thru 96:

Consolidated Balance Sheets - December 31, 2018 and 2017	43
Consolidated Statements of Income - Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	44
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	45
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity – Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	46
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	47
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	48
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms	96

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules

All schedules are omitted since they are not required, are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

(a)(3) Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as a part of this form 10-K:

Exhibit No.

3.1	Restated Articles of Incorporation of F & M Bank Corp., incorporated herein by reference from F & M Bank Corp.’s, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed November 14, 2013.
3.2	Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of F&M Bank Corp. designating the Series A Preferred Stock incorporated herein by reference from F&M Bank Corp,’s current report on Form 8-K filed December 4, 2014.
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of F & M Bank Corp., incorporated herein by reference from F & M Bank Corp.’s, Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 8, 2002.
10.1	Change in Control Severance Plan, incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to F&M Bank Corp.’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed December 22, 2010.
10.2	VBA Executives Deferred Compensation Plan for Farmers & Merchants Bank, incorporated herein by reference from F & M Bank Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 28, 2014.
10.3	VBA Directors Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for Farmers & Merchants Bank, incorporated herein by reference from F & M Bank Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 28, 2014.
21.0	Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1	Consent of Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	The following materials from F&M Bank Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), include: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) related notes (furnished herewith).

100

PART IV

Item 16

Form 10-K Summary

Not Required

Shareholders may obtain, free of charge, a copy of the exhibits to this Report on Form 10-K by writing Neil W. Hayslett, Corporate Secretary, at F & M Bank Corp., P.O. Box 1111, Timberville, VA 22853 or our website at www.fmbankva.com.

101

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

F & M Bank Corp.

(Registrant)

By:	/s/ Mark C. Hanna	Date	March 14, 2019
	Mark C. Hanna
	Director and Chief Executive Officer
By:	/s/ Carrie A. Comer	Date	March 14, 2019
	Carrie A. Comer
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and as of the date indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
	Director	March 14, 2019
Larry A. Caplinger
/s/ John N. Crist	Director	March 14, 2019
John N. Crist
/s/ Dean W. Withers	Director	March 14, 2019
Dean W. Withers
/s/ Daniel J. Harshman	Director	March 14, 2019
Daniel J. Harshman
	Director	March 14, 2019
Richard S. Myers
/s/ Michael W. Pugh	Director, Chair	March 14, 2019
Michael W. Pugh
/s/ Christopher S. Runion	Director	March 14, 2019
Christopher S. Runion
/s/ Ronald E. Wampler	Director	March 14, 2019
Ronald E. Wampler
	Director	March 14, 2019
E. Ray Burkholder
	Director	March 14, 2019

Peter H. Wray

102

EX-21

Exhibit 21

List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant

Farmers & Merchants Bank (incorporated in Virginia)

    VSTitle, LLC (a Virginia Limited Liability Company)

TEB Life Insurance Company (incorporated in Arizona), a subsidiary of Farmers & Merchants Bank

Farmers & Merchants Financial Services (incorporated in Virginia), a subsidiary of Farmers & Merchants Bank

VBS Mortgage, LLC, DBA F&M Mortgage (a Virginia Limited Liability Company), a subsidiary of Farmers & Merchants Bank

EX-23.1

  Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statements (No. 333-160715) on Form S-3 and Form S-8 (No. 333-159074) of F&M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries of our reports, dated March 14, 2019, relating to our audits of the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of F&M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2018.

/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.

Winchester, Virginia

March 14, 2019

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

Pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

(Chapter 63, Title 18 USC Section 1350 (A) and (B)

I, Mark C. Hanna, certify that:

1. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of F & M Bank Corp.:

2. 

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. 

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a)

designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)

designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) 

evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

(d) 

disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. 

The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

(a) 

all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) 

any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: March 14, 2019
	/s/ Mark C. Hanna
	Mark C. Hanna Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to F & M Bank Corp. and will be retained by F & M Bank Corp. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

Pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

(Chapter 63, Title 18 USC Section 1350 (A) and (B)

I, Carrie A. Comer, certify that:

1. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of F & M Bank Corp.:

2. 

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. 

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a) 

designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)

designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)

evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

(d)

disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. 

The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

(a) 

all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) 

any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: March 14, 2019
	/s/ Carrie A. Comer
	Carrie A. Comer Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to F & M Bank Corp. and will be retained by F & M Bank Corp. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of F & M Bank Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that based on their knowledge and belief: 1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and 2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the periods covered in the Report.

/s/ Mark C. Hanna 

Mark C. Hanna

Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Carrie A. Comer 

Carrie A. Comer

Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

March 14, 2019

XML

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 11, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Employee Benefits Tables
Entity Registrant Name	F&M BANK CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0000740806
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Is Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer?	No
Is Entity a Voluntary Filer?	No
Is Entity's Reporting Status Current?	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		3,210,562
Entity Public Float			$ 111,274,169
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$ 9,522	$ 10,622
Money market funds	1,390	1,285
Federal funds sold	0	0
Cash and cash equivalents	10,912	11,907
Securities:
Held to maturity, at amortized cost - fair value of $123 and $125 in 2018 and 2017, respectively	123	125
Available for sale, at fair value	8,289	28,615
Other investments	13,432	12,503
Loans held for sale	55,910	39,775
Loans held for investment	638,799	616,974
Less: allowance for loan losses	(5,240)	(6,044)
Net loans held for investment	633,559	610,930
Other real estate owned	2,443	1,984
Bank premises and equipment, net	17,766	15,894
Interest receivable	2,078	2,007
Goodwill	2,884	2,881
Bank owned life insurance	19,464	13,950
Other assets	13,393	12,699
Total assets	780,253	753,270
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing	157,146	162,233
Interest bearing	434,179	406,944
Total deposits	591,325	569,177
Short-term debt	40,116	25,296
Accrued liabilities	16,683	17,789
Long-term debt	40,218	49,733
Total liabilities	688,342	661,995
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred Stock $25 par value, 400,000 shares authorized, 249,860 and 324,150 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively	5,672	7,529
Common stock $5 par value, 6,000,000 shares authorized, 3,213,132 and 3,255,036 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively	16,066	16,275
Additional paid in capital - common stock	7,987	10,225
Retained earnings	65,596	60,814
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries	559	574
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,969)	(4,142)
Total stockholders' equity	91,911	91,275
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 780,253	$ 753,270

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Held to maturity - fair value	$ 123	$ 125
Preferred Stock,par value	$ 25	$ 25
Preferred Stock,shares authorized	400,000	400,000
Preferred Stock,shares issued	249,860	324,150
Preferred Stock,shares outstanding	249,860	324,150
Common stock, par value	$ 5	$ 5
Common stock shares authorized	6,000,000	6,000,000
Common stock shares issued	3,213,132	3,255,036
Common stock shares outstanding	3,213,132	3,255,036

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Interest and Dividend Income
Interest and fees on loans held for investment	$ 35,065	$ 32,479	$ 29,816
Interest from loans held for sale	1,064	1,112	1,924
Interest from money market funds and federal funds sold	120	166	38
Interest from debt securities - taxable	459	338	372
Total interest and dividend income	36,708	34,095	32,150
Interest Expense
Total interest on deposits	3,425	2,688	2,380
Interest from short-term debt	456	63	55
Interest from long-term debt	951	1,146	1,164
Total interest expense	4,832	3,897	3,599
Net Interest Income	31,876	30,198	28,551
Provision for Lease losses	2,930	0	0
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses	28,946	30,198	28,551
Non interest Income
Service charges on deposit accounts	1,496	1,360	1,174
Insurance, other commissions and mortgage banking, net	4,505	4,137	3,006
Other operating income	2,242	2,109	1,657
Income from bank owned life insurance	527	449	476
Gain on prepayment of long term debt	0	504	0
Loss on sale of other investments	0	(42)	0
Low income housing partnership losses	(767)	(625)	(731)
Total noninterest income	8,003	7,892	5,582
Noninterest Expenses
Salaries	12,622	11,482	9,986
Employee benefits	3,714	3,372	2,814
Occupancy expense	1,116	1,035	868
Equipment expense	1,044	836	735
FDIC insurance assessment	294	190	388
Other real estate owned, net	(31)	76	86
Directors fees	468	517	486
Data processing expense	2,197	2,176	2,151
Advertising expense	622	509	604
Legal and professional fees	597	356	400
Bank franchise tax	522	657	651
Other operating expenses	3,579	3,513	2,103
Total noninterest expenses	26,744	24,719	21,272
Income before income taxes	10,205	13,371	12,861
Income Tax Expense	1,110	4,330	3,099
Net Income	9,095	9,041	9,762
Net Income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(10)	(31)	(194)
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	9,085	9,010	9,568
Dividends paid/accumulated on preferred stock	413	415	487
Net income available to common stockholders	$ 8,672	$ 8,595	$ 9,081
Per Common Share Data
Net income - basic	$ 2.68	$ 2.63	$ 2.77
Net income - diluted	2.53	2.48	2.57
Cash dividends on common stock	$ 1.20	$ 0.94	$ .80
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic	3,238,177	3,269,713	3,282,335
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	3,596,017	3,631,984	3,716,591

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Other Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income	$ 9,095	$ 9,041	$ 9,762
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Pension plan adjustment	313	(414)	(738)
Tax effect	(66)	141	251
Pension plan adjustment, net of tax	247	(273)	(487)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	(94)	(34)	3
Tax effect	20	12	(1)
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net of tax	(74)	(22)	2
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	173	(295)	(485)
Total comprehensive income	9,268	8,746	9,277
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(10)	(31)	(194)
Comprehensive income attributable to F&M Bank Corp.	$ 9,258	$ 8,715	$ 9,083

XML

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid In Capital	Retained Earnings	Noncontrolling Interest	Accumulated Other comprehensive Income (Loss)	Total
Begining balance, Amount at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 9,425	$ 16,427	$ 11,149	$ 48,056	$ 573	$ (2,680)	$ 82,950
Net Income				9,568	194		9,762
Other comprehensive income (loss)						(485)	(485)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest					(74)		(74)
Dividends on preferred stock				(487)			(487)
Dividends on common stock				(2,628)			(2,628)
Common stock repurchased		(112)	(466)				(578)
Common stock issued		37	146				183
Preferred stock repurchased	(1,816)		(145)				(1,961)
Ending balance, Amount at Dec. 31, 2016	7,609	16,352	10,684	54,509	693	(3,165)	86,682
Net Income				9,010	31		9,041
Other comprehensive income (loss)						(295)	(295)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest					(150)		(150)
Dividends on preferred stock				(415)			(415)
Dividends on common stock				(2,972)			(2,972)
Common stock repurchased		(110)	(602)				(712)
Common stock issued		33	164				197
Preferred stock repurchased	(80)		(21)				(101)
Stranded tax effect of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act				682		(682)
Ending balance, Amount at Dec. 31, 2017	7,529	16,275	10,225	60,814	574	(4,142)	91,275
Net Income				9,085	10		9,095
Other comprehensive income (loss)						173	173
Distributions to noncontrolling interest					(25)		(25)
Dividends on preferred stock				(413)			(413)
Dividends on common stock				(3,890)			(3,890)
Common stock repurchased		(247)	(1,535)				(1,782)
Common stock issued		38	228				266
Preferred stock repurchased	(1,857)		(931)				(2,788)
Ending balance, Amount at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 5,672	$ 16,066	$ 7,987	$ 65,596	$ 559	$ (3,969)	$ 91,911

XML

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Common Stock issued	7,542	6,705	7,494
Common stock repurchased	49,446	21,984	22,583
Preferred stock repurchased	74,290	3,200	72,650

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities
Net Income	$ 9,095	$ 9,041	$ 9,762
Depreciation	1,137	930	827
Amortization of intangibles	66	53	0
Amortization of securities	2	0	109
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale originated	94,129	84,698	103,784
Gain on sale of loans held for sale originated	(2,222)	(2,331)	(2,778)
Loans held for sale originated	(91,806)	(85,828)	(97,451)
Provision for loan losses	2,930	0	0
Benefit (expense) for deferred taxes	55	(222)	9
(Increase) in interest receivable	(71)	(222)	(76)
(Increase) in other assets	(772)	(1,025)	(564)
(Decrease) increase in accrued liabilities	(797)	1,498	1,690
Amortization of limited partnership investments	767	625	731
Gain on sale of fixed assets	(9)	0	0
Loss on sale of investments	0	42	0
(Gain) loss on sale and valuation adjustments of other real estate owned	(94)	44	19
Income from life insurance investment	(527)	(449)	(476)
Net cash provided by operating activities	11,883	6,854	15,586
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale	21,897	86,741	32,218
Proceeds from sales of other investments	0	55	0
Purchases of securities available for saleand other investments	(3,361)	(89,428)	(47,137)
Capital improvements to other real estate owned	0	(2)	(24)
Net increase in loans held for investment	(26,065)	(27,068)	(49,386)
Net (increase) decrease in loans held for sale participations	(16,236)	26,421	(8,483)
Net purchase of property and equipment	(3,000)	(6,484)	(3,553)
Purchase of bank owned life insurance	(5,000)	0	0
Purchase of title insurance company	(75)	(549)	0
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned	141	281	623
Net cash used in investing activities	(31,699)	(10,033)	(75,742)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in deposits	22,148	32,092	42,415
Net change in short-term debt	14,820	(14,704)	15,046
Dividends paid in cash	(4,303)	(3,387)	(3,115)
Proceeds from long-term debt	0	0	20,000
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(25)	(150)	(74)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	266	197	183
Repurchase of preferred stock	(2,788)	(712)	(1,961)
Repurchase of common stock	(1,782)	(101)	(578)
Repayments of long-term debt	(9,515)	(14,504)	(3,924)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	18,821	(1,269)	67,992
Net (Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(995)	(4,448)	7,836
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year	11,907	16,355	8,519
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year	10,912	11,907	16,355
Supplemental Cash Flow information:
Interest	4,744	3,866	3,573
Income taxes	1,957	4,460	2,300
Supplemental Disclosure:
Transfers from loans to other real estate owned	506	231	566
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale	(74)	(22)	2
Minimum pension liability adjustment	$ 247	$ (273)	$ (487)

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1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Nature Of Operations

NOTE 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

F & M Bank Corp. (the “Company”), through its subsidiary Farmers & Merchants Bank (the “Bank”), operates under a charter issued by the Commonwealth of Virginia and provides commercial banking services. As a state-chartered bank, the Bank is subject to regulation by the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions and the Federal Reserve Bank. The Bank provides services to customers located mainly in Rockingham, Shenandoah, Page and Augusta Counties in Virginia. Services are provided at thirteen branch offices and a Dealer Finance Division loan production office. The Company offers insurance, mortgage lending, title insurance and financial services through its subsidiaries, TEB Life Insurance, Inc., Farmers & Merchants Financial Services, Inc, F&M Mortgage, LLC and VSTitle, LLC.

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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company and its subsidiaries conform to generally accepted accounting principles and to accepted practice within the banking industry. The following is a summary of the more significant policies:

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Farmers & Merchants Bank, TEB Life Insurance Company, Farmers & Merchants Financial Services, Inc., F&M Mortgage, LLC, (net of noncontrolling interest) and VSTitle, LLC. Significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, goodwill and intangibles, fair value, the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, pension accounting and the valuation of foreclosed real estate.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, money market funds whose initial maturity is ninety days or less and Federal funds sold.

Securities

Debt securities are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to held them to maturity. Debt securities are classified as available for sale when they might be sold before maturity. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, the unrealized holding gains and losses are reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, in any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transaction for the identical or a similar investment.

The Company follows the accounting guidance related to recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairment. The guidance specifies that if (a) an entity does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery and (b) it is more likely than not that the entity will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired, unless there is a credit loss. When criteria (a) and (b) are met, the entity will recognize the credit component of other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income.

For held-to-maturity debt securities, the amount of other-than-temporary impairment recorded in other comprehensive income for the noncredit portion of a previous other-than-temporary impairment is amortized prospectively over the remaining life of the security on the basis of the timing of future estimated cash flows of the security.

For equity securities, when the Company has decided to sell an impaired available-for-sale security and the Company does not expect the fair value of the security to fully recover before the expected time of sale, the security is deemed other-than-temporarily impaired in the period in which the decision to sell is made. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the impairment is deemed other than temporary even if a decision to sell has not been made. The Company had no other than temporary impairment in 2018, 2017 or 2016.

Other Investments

The Company periodically invests in low income housing partnerships whose primary benefit is the distribution of federal income tax credits to partners. The Company recognizes these benefits and the cost of the investments over the life of the partnership (usually 15 years). In addition, state and federal historic rehabilitation credits are generated from some of the partnerships. Amortization of these investments is prorated based on the amount of benefits received in each year to the total estimated benefits over the life of the projects. The effective yield method is used to record the income statement effects of these investments.

Due to the nature and restrictions placed on the Company's investment in common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB") and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, these securities are considered restricted and carried at cost.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new accounting standard for Financial Instruments, which requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. At December 31, 2018, equity securities of $135 are included in other investments on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. These securities were included in the available for sale portfolio at December 31, 2017.

Income Taxes

Income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The results for the year ended December 31, 2017 included the effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act), which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. Among other things, the Tax Act permanently lowered the federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from the maximum rate prior to the passage of the Tax Act of 35%, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate, U.S. GAAP required companies to re-measure their deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, including those accounted for in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as of the date of the Tax Act’s enactment and record the corresponding effects in income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company recognized a $811 reduction in the value of its net deferred tax asset and recorded a corresponding incremental income tax expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of income for 2017.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.

Loans Held for Investment

The Company, through its banking subsidiary, provides mortgage, commercial, and consumer loans to customers. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by mortgage loans, particularly commercial and residential mortgages. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is largely dependent upon the real estate and general economic conditions in the Company’s market area.

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off, generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance adjusted for the allowance for loan losses, and any unearned income.  Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance.  The accrual of interest on loans is generally discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection.  Loans are typically charged off when the loan is 120 days past due, unless secured and in process of collection.  Loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

The Company’s loans are grouped into eleven segments: construction/land development, farmland, real estate, multi-family, commercial real estate, home equity – closed end, home equity – open end, commercial & industrial – non-real estate, consumer, credit cards and dealer finance. Each segment is subject to certain risks that influence the establishment of pricing, loan structures, approval requirements, reserves, and ongoing credit management. The Company does not segregate the portfolio further.

Construction and land development loans are subject to general risks from changing commercial building and housing market trends and economic conditions that may impact demand for completed properties and the costs of completion. Completed properties that do not sell or become leased within originally expected timeframes may impact the borrower’s ability to service the debt. These risks are measured by market-area unemployment rates, bankruptcy rates, housing and commercial building market trends, and interest rates. Risks specific to the borrower are also evaluated, including previous repayment history, debt service ability, and current and projected loan-to value ratios for the collateral.

Farmland loans are loans secured by agricultural property. These loans are subject to risks associated with the value of the underlying farmland and the cash flows of the borrower’s farming operations.

Multifamily loans are loans secured by multi-unit residential property. These loans are subject to risks associated with the value of the underlying property as well as the successful operation and management of the property.

Real estate loans are for consumer residential real estate where the credit quality is subject to risks associated with the borrower’s repayment ability and collateral value, measured generally by analyzing local unemployment and bankruptcy trends, and local housing market trends and interest rates. Risks specific to a borrower are determined by previous repayment history, loan-to-value ratios, and debt-to-income ratios.

The commercial real estate segment includes loans secured by commercial real estate occupied by the owner/borrower, and commercial real estate leased to non-owners. Loans in the commercial real estate segment are impacted by economic risks from changing commercial real estate markets, rental markets for commercial buildings, business bankruptcy rates, local unemployment rates and interest rate trends that would impact the businesses housed by the commercial real estate.

The Company’s home-equity loan portfolios (closed end and open end) carry risks associated with the creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in loan-to-value ratios. The Company manages these risks through policies and procedures such as limiting loan-to-value at origination, experienced underwriting, and requiring standards for appraisers.

Commercial and industrial non-real estate loans are secured by collateral other than real estate or are unsecured. Credit risk for commercial non-real estate loans is subject to economic conditions, generally monitored by local business bankruptcy trends, interest rates, and borrower repayment ability and collateral value (if secured).

Consumer non-real estate includes non-dealer financed automobile loans and other consumer loans. Certain consumer loans are unsecured, while collateral is obtained for automobile loans and other consumer loans. Credit risk stems primarily from the borrower’s ability to repay. If the loan is secured, the Company analyzes loan-to-value ratios. All consumer non-real estate loans are analyzed for debt-to-income ratios and previous credit history, as well as for general risks for the portfolio, including local unemployment rates, personal bankruptcy rates and interest rates.

Credit card loan portfolios carry risks associated with the creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in the economic environment. The Company manages these risks through policies and procedures such as experienced underwriting, maximum debt to income ratios, and minimum borrower credit scores.

Dealer finance lending generally carries certain risks associated with the values of the collateral and borrower’s ability to repay the loan. The Company focuses its dealer finance lending on used vehicles where substantial depreciation has already occurred thereby minimizing the risk of significant loss of collateral values in the future.

Interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off is reversed against interest income.  The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status.  Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

A loan is considered past due when a payment of principal or interest or both is due but not paid.  Management closely monitors past due loans in timeframes of 30-59 days, 60-89 days, and 90 or more days past due.

These policies apply to all loan portfolio segments.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.  Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.  Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and construction loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired loans.

Loans Held for Sale

These loans consist of fixed rate loans made through the Company’s subsidiary, F&M Mortgage, and loans purchased from Northpointe Bank, Grand Rapids, MI.

F&M Mortgage originates conforming mortgage loans for sale in the secondary market. These loans consist primarily of fixed-rate, single-family residential mortgage loans which meet the underwriting characteristics of the investors. F&M Mortgage enters into mortgage loan commitments whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (rate lock commitments).

The period of time between issuance of a loan commitment and sale of the loan generally ranges from two to three weeks. F&M Mortgage protects itself from changes in interest rates through the use of best efforts forward delivery contracts, by committing to sell a loan at the time the borrower commits to an interest rate with the intent that the buyer has assumed the interest rate risk on the loan.  As a result, the Company is not generally exposed to significant losses nor will it realize significant gains related to its rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates.  The correlation between the rate lock commitments and the best efforts contracts is very high due to their similarity. The market value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts is not readily ascertainable with precision because rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not actively traded in stand-alone markets.  F&M Mortgage determines the fair value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts by measuring the change in the estimated value of the underlying assets while taking into consideration the probability that the loan will be funded. The fair value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts was considered immaterial at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The average time on the line is two or three weeks. These loans are pre-sold with servicing released and no interest is retained after the loans are sold. Because of the short holding period, these loans are carried at the lower of cost or market and no market adjustments were deemed necessary in 2018, 2017, or 2016. Gains on sales of loans and commission expense are recognized at the loan closing date and are included in mortgage banking income, net on the Company’s consolidated income statement. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, there was $3,544 and $3,645, respectively, of these loans included in loans held for sale on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

The Bank participates in a Mortgage Purchase Program with Northpointe Bank (Northpointe), a Michigan banking corporation. Pursuant to the terms of a participation agreement, the Bank purchases participation interests in loans made by Northpointe related to fully underwritten and pre-sold mortgage loans originated by various prescreened mortgage loan originators located throughout the United States. A takeout commitment is in place at the time the loans are purchased. The Bank has participated in similar arrangements since 2003 as a higher yielding alternative to federal funds sold or investment securities. These loans are short-term, residential real estate loans that have an average life in our portfolio of approximately two weeks. The Bank holds these loans during the period of time between loan closing and when the loan is paid off by the ultimate secondary market purchaser. As of December 31, 2018, and 2017, there were $52,366 and $36,130 million of these loans included in loans held for sale on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Troubled Debt Restructuring

In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower's financial condition, management may grant a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR").  Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify their loan to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status.  These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral.  In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, management measures any impairment on the restructuring as noted above for impaired loans.  The Company has $8.03 million in loans classified as TDRs that are current and performing as of December 31, 2018, and $7.8 million as of December 31, 2017.

Allowance for Loan and Losses

The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio. A provision for estimated losses is charged to earnings to establish and maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level reflective of the estimated credit risk. When management determines that a loan balance or portion of a loan balance is not collectible, the loss is charged against the allowance. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

Management’s determination of the adequacy of the allowance is based on an evaluation of the composition of the loan portfolio, the value and adequacy of collateral, current economic conditions, historical loan loss experience, and other risk factors. Management evaluates the allowance each quarter through a methodology that estimates losses on individual impaired loans and evaluates the effect of numerous factors on the credit risk of each segment of loans.

The Company’s allowance for loan losses has two basic components: the general allowance and the specific allowance. Each of these components is determined based upon estimates and judgments. The general allowance uses historical loss experience as an indicator of future losses, along with various qualitative factors, including levels and trends in delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, charge-offs and recoveries, trends in volume and terms of loans, effects of changes in underwriting standards, experience of lending staff, economic conditions, and portfolio concentrations.

Except for credit card and dealer finance loans, all loans are assigned an internal risk rating based on certain credit quality indicators. Credit card, consumer and dealer finance loans are monitored based on payment activity. Loss rates are amplified for loans with adverse risk ratings that are not considered impaired. In the general allowance, the historical loss rate is combined with the qualitative factors, resulting in an adjusted loss factor for each segment of loans.  The period-end balances for each loan segment are multiplied by the adjusted loss factor. Historical loss rates are combined with qualitative factors resulting in an adjusted loss factor for each segment. Specific allowances are established for individually-evaluated impaired loans based on the excess of the loan balance relative to the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is deemed collateral dependent.

Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, particularly those affecting real estate values. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)

OREO is held for sale and represents real estate acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. The Company’s policy is to carry OREO on its balance sheet at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.

Bank Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost and bank premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to income over the estimated useful lives of the assets on a combination of the straight-line and accelerated methods. The ranges of the useful lives of the premises and equipment are as follows:

Premises and Improvements	10 - 40 years
Furniture and Equipment	5 - 20 years

Maintenance, repairs, and minor improvements are charged to operations as incurred. Gains and losses on dispositions are reflected in other income or expense.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for goodwill and intangible assets under ASC 805, “Business Combinations” and ASC 350, “Intangibles”, respectively. Goodwill is subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair value-based test.  Additionally, acquired intangible assets are separately recognized if the benefit of the assets can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged, and amortized over their useful lives. The Company recorded goodwill and intangible assets in 2018 related to the purchase of VS Title which was valued by an independent third party. The Company records as goodwill the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Impairment testing is performed annually, as well as when an event triggering impairment may have occurred. The Company performs its annual analysis as of December 31 each fiscal year. Accounting guidance permits preliminary assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether a more substantial impairment testing is required. The Company chose to bypass the preliminary assessment and utilized a two-step process for impairment testing of goodwill. The first step tests for impairment, while the second step, if necessary, measures the impairment.  No indicators of impairment were identified during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.

Pension Plans

The Bank has a qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plan which covers all full-time employees hired prior to April 1, 2012. The benefits are primarily based on years of service and earnings. The Company complies with ASC 325-960 “Defined Benefit Pension Plans” which requires recognition of the over-funded or under-funded status of pension and other postretirement benefit plans on the balance sheet. Under ASC 325-960, gains and losses, prior service costs and credits, and any remaining transition amounts that have not yet been recognized through net periodic benefit cost will be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax effects, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic cost.

Advertising Costs

The Company follows the policy of charging the cost of advertising to expense as incurred. Total advertising costs included in other operating expenses for 2018, 2017, and 2016 were $622, $509, and $604, respectively.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain employees. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered.  Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company – put presumptively beyond reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is shown in a two-statement approach, the first statement presents total net income and its components followed by a second statement that presents all the components of other comprehensive income such as unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities and changes in the funded status of a defined benefit pension plan.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Under ASC 815, the gain or loss on a derivative designated and qualifying as a fair value hedging instrument, as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedging item attributable to the risk being hedged, is recognized currently in earnings in the same accounting period. The effective portion of the gain or loss on a derivative designated and qualifying as a cash flow hedging instrument is initially reported as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument, if any, is recognized currently in earnings.

Interest rate derivative financial instruments receive hedge accounting treatment only if they are designated as a hedge and are expected to be, and are, effective in substantially reducing interest rate risk arising from the assets and liabilities identified as exposing the Company to risk. Those derivative financial instruments that do not meet the hedging criteria discussed below would be classified as trading activities and would be recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in income. Derivative hedge contracts must meet specific effectiveness tests. Changes in fair value of the derivative financial instruments must be effective at offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedging items due to the designated hedge risk during the term of the hedge. Further, if the underlying financial instrument differs from the hedged asset or liability, there must be a clear economic relationship between the prices of the two financial instruments. If periodic assessment indicates derivatives no longer provide an effective hedge, the derivatives contracts would be closed out and settled or classified as a trading activity.

Loss Contingencies

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable, and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in a separate note. Fair value estimates involved uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets of particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made in prior years’ financial statements to conform to classifications used in the current year. These reclassifications had no impact on net income or earnings per share.

Earnings per Share

Accounting guidance specifies the computation, presentation and disclosure requirements for earnings per share (“EPS”) for entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock such as options, warrants, convertible securities or contingent stock agreements if those securities trade in a public market. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.  Diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had been issued.  The dilutive effect of conversion of preferred stock is reflected in the diluted earnings per common share calculation.

Net income available to common stockholders represents consolidated net income adjusted for preferred dividends declared.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to net income available to common stockholders for the periods presented:

	For the year ended
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Earnings Available to Common Stockholders:
Net Income	$	9,095		$	9,041		$	9,762
Minority interest attributable to noncontrolling interest		(10	)		(31	)		(194	)
Dividends paid/accumulated on preferred stock		(413	)		(415	)		(487	)
Net Income Available to Common Stockholders	$	8,672		$	8,595		$	9,081

The following table shows the effect of dilutive preferred stock conversion on the Company's earnings per share for the periods indicated:

	Year ended
	December 31, 2018							December 31, 2017							December 31, 2016
Dollars in thousands	Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted Average Shares		Per Share Amounts			Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted Average Shares		Per Share Amounts			Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted Average Shares		Per Share Amounts
Basic EPS	$	8,672		3,238,177	$	2.68		$	8,595		3,269,713	$	2.63		$	9,081		3,282,335	$	2.77
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Convertible Preferred Stock		413		357,841		(.15	)		415		362,271		(0.15	)		487		434,256		(0.20	)
Diluted EPS	$	9,085		3,596,017	$	2.53		$	9,010		3,631,984	$	2.48		$	9,568		3,716,591	$	2.57

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Among other things, in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) A lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted upon issuance. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The FASB made subsequent amendments to Topic 842 in July 2018 through ASU 2018-10 (“Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases.”) and ASU 2018-11 (“Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements.”) Among these amendments is the provision in ASU 2018-11 that provides entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard. Under this new transition method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, an entity’s reporting for the comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which it adopts the new leases standard will continue to be in accordance with current GAAP (Topic 840, Leases). The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2019 did not have a material effect on the Bank’s/Company’s consolidated financial statements or The effect of adopting this standard on January 1, 2019 was an approximate $1.03 million increase in assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet.

During June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The amendments in this ASU are effective for SEC filers for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. For public companies that are not SEC filers, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company has chosen a vendor and is in the process of supplying data to the model and will run “shadow” in 2019 along with current allowance for loan loss model.

During January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The amendments in this ASU simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. Public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers should adopt the amendments in this ASU for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, “Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” The amendments in this ASU shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities purchased at a premium. Upon adoption of the standard, premiums on these qualifying callable debt securities will be amortized to the earliest call date. Discounts on purchased debt securities will continue to be accreted to maturity. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Upon transition, entities should apply the guidance on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption and provide the disclosures required for a change in accounting principle. Given the composition of our securities portfolio, the Company does not expect that adoption of ASU 2017-08 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. 

During August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” The amendments in this ASU modify the designation and measurement guidance for hedge accounting as well as provide for increased transparency regarding the presentation of economic results on both the financial statements and related footnotes. Certain aspects of hedge effectiveness assessments will also be simplified upon implementation of this update. The amendments are effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. This ASU was further amended in October 2018 by ASU 2018-16, which adds the Overnight Index Swap rate as a U.S. benchmark interest rate. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-12 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” The amendments provide financial statement preparers with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (or portion thereof) is recorded. The amendments are effective for all organizations for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Organizations should apply the proposed amendments either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company elected to reclassify the stranded income tax effects from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in the consolidated financial statements for the period ending December 31, 2017. The amount of this reclassification in 2017 was $811.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The amendments expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payments issued to non-employees for goods or services, which were previously excluded. The amendments will align the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees more similarly. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-07 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” The amendments modify the disclosure requirements in Topic 820 to add disclosures regarding changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty. Certain disclosure requirements in Topic 820 are also removed or modified. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Certain of the amendments are to be applied prospectively while others are to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” These amendments modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. Certain disclosure requirements have been deleted while the following disclosure requirements have been added: the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with promised interest crediting rates and an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The amendments also clarify the disclosure requirements in paragraph 715-20-50-3, which state that the following information for defined benefit pension plans should be disclosed: The projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets and the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. The amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-14 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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3. CASH AND DUE FROM BANKS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

NOTE 3. CASH AND DUE FROM BANKS

The Bank is required to maintain average reserve balances based on a percentage of deposits. Due to the deposit reclassification procedures implemented by the Bank, there is no Federal Reserve Bank reserve requirement for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

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4. SECURITIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Securities

NOTE 4. SECURITIES

The amortized cost and fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, of securities held to maturity were as follows:

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2018
U. S. Treasuries	$	123	$	-	$	-	$	123
December 31, 2017
U. S. Treasuries	$	125	$	-	$	-	$	125

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale are as follows:

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2018
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	7,999		-		113		7,886
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		409		-		6		403
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	8,408	$	-	$	119	$	8,289
December 31, 2017
U. S. Treasuries	$	19,998	$	-	$	-	$	19,998
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises		7,999		-		19		7,980
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		508		-		6		502
Equity securities1		135		-		-		135
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	28,640	$	9	$	25	$	28,615

1 Transferred to other investments on January 1, 2018 upon adoption of ASU 2016-01

The amortized cost and fair value of securities at December 31, 2018, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	Securities Held to Maturity				Securities Available for Sale
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Due after one year through five years		123		123		7,999		7,886
Due after five years through ten years		-		-		409		403
Due after ten years		-		-		-		-
Total	$	123	$	123	$	8,408	$	8,289

There were no sales of debt or equity securities during 2018, 2017 or 2016. There were no pledged securities at December 31, 2018 or 2017.

Other investments consist of investments in twenty-one low-income housing and historic equity partnerships (carrying basis of $8,139), stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank (carrying basis of $3,688), and various other investments (carrying basis of $1,605). The interests in the low-income housing and historic equity partnerships have limited transferability and the interests in the other stocks, except for $135, are restricted as to sales. The market values of these securities are estimated to approximate their carrying values as of December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, the Company was committed to invest an additional $4,327 in six low-income housing limited partnerships. These funds will be paid as requested by the general partner to complete the projects. This additional investment has been reflected in the above carrying basis and in accrued liabilities on the balance sheet.

The primary purpose of the investment portfolio is to generate income and meet liquidity needs of the Company through readily saleable financial instruments. The portfolio includes fixed rate bonds, whose prices move inversely with rates and variable rate bonds. At the end of any accounting period, the investment portfolio has unrealized gains and losses. The Company monitors the portfolio, which is subject to liquidity needs, market rate changes and credit risk changes for other than temporary impairment. The primary concern in a loss situation is the credit quality of the business behind the instrument. Bonds deteriorate in value due to credit quality of the individual issuer and changes in market conditions.

A summary of unrealized losses (in thousands) and the length of time in a continuous loss position, by security type of December 31, 2018 were as follows:

	Less than 12 Months				More than 12 Months					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2018
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	-	$	-	$	7,886	$	(113	)	$	7,886	$	(113	)
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		-		-		403		(6	)		403		(6	)
Total	$	-	$	-	$	8,289	$	(119	)	$	8,289	$	(119	)

	Less than 12 Months					More than 12 Months				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2017
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	3,981	$	(19	)	$	-	$	-	$	3,981	$	(19	)
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		502		(6	)		-		-		502		(6	)
Total	$	4,483	$	(25	)	$	-	$	-	$	4,483	$	(25	)

As of December 31, 2017, there were no securities in an unrealized loss position.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery of fair value. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had four agencies and a mortgage backed security that were temporarily impaired due to rising interest rates not the credit quality of the security. All of these securities had been in an unrealized loss position for exactly twelve months. The Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment losses in 2018, 2017 or 2016.

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5. LOANS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Receivables [Abstract]

NOTE 5. LOANS

Loans held for investment as of December 31, 2018, and 2017 were as follows:

	2018		2017
Construction/Land Development	$	61,659	$	71,620
Farmland		17,030		13,606
Real Estate		192,278		184,546
Multi-Family		9,665		10,298
Commercial Real Estate		147,342		148,906
Home Equity – closed end		11,039		11,606
Home Equity – open end		53,197		54,739
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		36,021		36,912
Consumer		9,861		6,633
Dealer Finance		97,523		75,169
Credit Cards		3,184		2,939
Total	$	638,799	$	616,974

The Company has pledged loans held for investment as collateral for borrowings with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta totaling $186,673 and $218,323 as of December 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The Company maintains a blanket lien on its entire residential real estate portfolio and certain commercial and home equity loans.

Loans held for sale consists of loans originated by F&M Mortgage for sale in the secondary market, and the Bank’s commitment to purchase residential mortgage loan participations from Northpointe Bank. The volume of loans purchased from Northpointe fluctuates due to a number of factors including changes in secondary market rates, which affects demand for mortgage loans; the number of participating banks involved in the program; the number of mortgage loan originators selling loans to the lead bank and the funding capabilities of the lead bank. Loans held for sale as of December 31, 2018, and 2017 were $55,910 and $39,775, respectively.

The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans:

	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
			Unpaid						Unpaid
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Principal		Related
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment		Balance		Allowance
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance:
Construction/Land Development	$	2,414	$	2,414	$	-	$	4,352	$	5,269	$	-
Farmland		1,941		1,941		-		1,984		1,984		-
Real Estate		1,932		1,932		-		1,273		1,273		-
Multi-Family		-		-		-		-		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		6,176		6,176		-		6,229		6,229		-
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		-		-		-		-
Home Equity – open end		-		-		-		-		347		-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		-		-		-		-		-		-
Consumer		-		-		-		8		8		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-		-		-
Dealer Finance		32		32		-		31		31		-
		12,495		12,495		-		13,877		15,141		-
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Construction/Land Development		4,311		4,871		1,627		4,998		4,998		1,661
Farmland		-		-		-		-		-		-
Real Estate		422		422		7		1,188		1,188		209
Multi-Family		-		-		-		-		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		-		1,500		-		-		-		-
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		-		-		-		-
Home Equity – open end		-		-		-		-		-		-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		-		-		-		-		-		-
Consumer		8		8		2		-		-		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-		-		-
Dealer Finance		194		194		10		47		47		12
		4,935		6,995		1,646		6,233		6,233		1,882
Total impaired loans	$	17,430	$	19,490	$	1,646	$	20,110	$	21,374	$	1,882

The Recorded Investment is defined as the principal balance less principal payments and charge-offs.

The following is a summary of the average investment and interest income recognized for impaired loans (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Average		Interest		Average		Interest
	Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance:
Construction/Land Development	$	3,586	$	89	$	4,969	$	382
Farmland		1,963		80		1,921		62
Real Estate		1,542		98		878		57
Multi-Family		-		-		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		2,304		286		1,682		44
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		-		-
Home Equity – open end		-		-		347		-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		-		-		124		-
Consumer		-		-		10		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-
Dealer Finance		28		5		24		3
		9,423		558		9,955		548
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Construction/Land Development		6,352		91		5,911		258
Farmland		-		-		-		-
Real Estate		554		23		1,194		49
Multi-Family		-		-		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		4,167		-		-		-
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		-		-
Home Equity – open end		-		-		-		-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		-		-		-		-
Consumer		10		1		-		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-
Dealer Finance		206		14		56		3
		11,289		129		7,161		310
Total impaired loans	$	20,712	$	687	$	17,116	$	858

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment of past due loans:

	30-59 Days Past due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loan Receivable		Non-Accrual Loans		Recorded Investment >90 days & accruing
December 31, 2018
Construction/Land Development	$	290	$	-	$	1,767	$	2,057	$	59,602	$	61,659	$	2,327	$	-
Farmland		-		-		-		-		17,030		17,030		-		-
Real Estate		3,074		677		1,729		5,480		186,798		192,278		1,477		726
Multi-Family		-		-		-		-		9,665		9,665		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		479		189		5,073		5,741		141,601		147,342		5,074		-
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		12		12		11,027		11,039		-		12
Home Equity – open end		148		171		320		639		52,558		53,197		269		51
Commercial & Industrial – Non- Real Estate		40		22		80		142		35,879		36,021		98		-
Consumer		89		26		3		118		9,743		9,861		5		2
Dealer Finance		2,763		337		96		3,196		94,327		97,523		155		9
Credit Cards		50		11		9		70		3,114		3,184		-		-
Total	$	6,933	$	1,433	$	9,089	$	17,455	$	621,344	$	638,799	$	9,405	$	800

	30-59 Days Past due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loan Receivable		Non-Accrual Loans		Recorded Investment >90 days & accruing
December 31, 2017
Construction/Land Development	$	167	$	5,459	$	3,908	$	9,534	$	62,086	$	71,620	$	3,908	$	-
Farmland		-		-		-		-		13,606		13,606		-		-
Real Estate		2,858		1,954		560		5,372		179,174		184,546		1,720		143
Multi-Family		179		-		-		179		10,119		10,298		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		544		-		-		544		148,362		148,906		-		-
Home Equity – closed end		-		25		-		25		11,581		11,606		3		-
Home Equity – open end		454		165		268		887		53,852		54,739		448		-
Commercial & Industrial – Non- Real Estate		108		36		595		739		36,173		36,912		599		-
Consumer		43		5		-		48		6,585		6,633		-		-
Dealer Finance		1,300		252		189		1,741		73,428		75,169		226		54
Credit Cards		30		8		1		39		2,900		2,939		-		1
Total	$	5,683	$	7,904	$	5,521	$	19,108	$	597,866	$	616,974	$	6,904	$	198

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6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

A summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses (in thousands) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

December 31, 2018	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision for Loan Losses			Ending Balance		Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Allowance for loan losses:
Construction/Land Development	$	2,547	$	489	$	122	$	(86	)	$	2,094	$	1,627	$	467
Farmland		25		-		-		(10	)		15		-		15
Real Estate		719		99		12		(340	)		292		7		285
Multi-Family		19		-		-		(9	)		10		-		10
Commercial Real Estate		482		1,546		1		1,479			416		-		416
Home Equity – closed end		66		3		4		(54	)		13		-		13
Home Equity – open end		209		-		8		(91	)		126		-		126
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		337		573		91		337			192		-		192
Consumer		148		51		41		(68	)		70		2		68
Dealer Finance		1,440		2,083		861		1,756			1,974		10		1,964
Credit Cards		52		76		46		16			38		-		38
Total	$	6,044	$	4,920	$	1,186	$	2,930		$	5,240	$	1,646	$	3,594

December 31, 2017	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision for Loan Losses			Ending Balance		Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Allowance for loan losses:
Construction/Land Development	$	3,381	$	620	$	-	$	(214	)	$	2,547	$	1,661	$	886
Farmland		34		-		-		(9	)		25		-		25
Real Estate		843		-		2		(126	)		719		209		510
Multi-Family		23		-		-		(6	)		19		-		19
Commercial Real Estate		705		-		13		(236	)		482		-		482
Home Equity – closed end		75		7		25		(27	)		66		-		66
Home Equity – open end		470		26		53		(288	)		209		-		209
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		586		179		72		(142	)		337		-		337
Consumer		78		136		28		178			148		-		148
Dealer Finance		1,289		1,806		1,143		814			1,440		12		1,428
Credit Cards		59		98		37		54			52		-		52
Total	$	7,543	$	2,872	$	1,373	$	-		$	6,044	$	1,882	$	4,162

The following table presents the recorded investment in loans (in thousands) based on impairment method as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

December 31, 2018	Loan Receivable		Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Construction/Land Development	$	61,659	$	6,725	$	54,934
Farmland		17,030		1,941		15,089
Real Estate		192,278		2,354		189,924
Multi-Family		9,665		-		9,665
Commercial Real Estate		147,342		6,176		141,166
Home Equity – closed end		11,039		-		11,039
Home Equity –open end		53,197		-		53,197
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		36,021		-		36,021
Consumer		9,861		8		9,853
Dealer Finance		97,523		226		97,297
Credit Cards		3,184		-		3,184
Total	$	638,799	$	17,430	$	621,369
December 31, 2017	Loan Receivable		Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Construction/Land Development	$	71,620	$	9,350	$	62,270
Farmland		13,606		1,984		11,622
Real Estate		184,546		2,461		182,085
Multi-Family		10,298		-		10,298
Commercial Real Estate		148,906		6,229		142,677
Home Equity – closed end		11,606		-		11,606
Home Equity –open end		54,739		-		54,739
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		36,912		-		36,912
Consumer		6,633		8		6,625
Dealer Finance		75,169		78		75,091
Credit Cards		2,939		-		2,939
Total	$	616,974	$	20,110	$	596,864

The following table shows the Company’s loan portfolio broken down by internal loan grade (in thousands) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

December 31, 2018	Grade 1 Minimal Risk		Grade 2 Modest Risk		Grade 3 Average Risk		Grade 4 Acceptable Risk		Grade 5 Marginally Acceptable		Grade 6 Watch		Grade 7 Substandard		Grade 8 Doubtful		Total
Construction/Land Development	$	-	$	1,148	$	15,857	$	29,301	$	9,353	$	-	$	6,000	$	-	$	61,659
Farmland		62		-		4,953		6,376		3,205		493		1,941		-		17,030
Real Estate		-		1,644		55,429		106,387		22,679		1,531		4,608		-		192,278
Multi-Family		-				2,895		6,604		166		-		-		-		9,665
Commercial Real Estate		-		2,437		44,065		81,916		11,564		2,286		5,074		-		147,342
Home Equity – closed end		-		31		3,245		5,842		1,909		-		12		-		11,039
Home Equity – open end		60		1,554		19,464		27,347		4,157		223		392		-		53,197
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)		193		2,291		17,144		13,254		2,704		337		98		-		36,021
Consumer (excluding dealer)		27		190		2,648		5,192		1,800		-		4		-		9,861
Total	$	342	$	9,295	$	165,700	$	282,219	$	57,537	$	4,870	$	18,129	$	-	$	538,092

	Credit Cards		Dealer Finance
Performing	$	3,175	$	97,368
Non performing		9		155
Total	$	3,184	$	97,523

December 31, 2017	Grade 1 Minimal Risk		Grade 2 Modest Risk		Grade 3 Average Risk		Grade 4 Acceptable Risk		Grade 5 Marginally Acceptable		Grade 6 Watch		Grade 7 Substandard		Grade 8 Doubtful		Total
Construction/Land Development	$	-	$	690	$	12,974	$	30,197	$	9,165	$	3,520	$	15,074	$	-	$	71,620
Farmland		63		-		3,153		4,120		3,793		494		1,983		-		13,606
Real Estate		-		1,512		53,764		101,606		19,734		4,660		3,270		-		184,546
Multi-Family		-		228		4,780		5,111		179		-		-		-		10,298
Commercial Real Estate		-		3,525		45,384		89,195		9,012		634		1,156		-		148,906
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		3,535		5,410		1,279		1,379		3		-		11,606
Home Equity – open end		235		1,598		17,383		30,888		3,945		176		514		-		54,739
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)		262		1,595		13,297		19,442		1,480		207		629		-		36,912
Consumer (excluding dealer)		34		490		2,226		88		1,065		2,254		476		-		6,633
Total	$	594	$	9,638	$	156,496	$	286,057	$	49,652	$	13,324	$	23,105	$	-	$	538,866

	Credit Cards		Dealer Finance
Performing	$	2,938	$	75,116
Non performing		1		53
Total	$	2,939	$	75,169

Description of internal loan grades:

Grade 1 – Minimal Risk: Excellent credit, superior asset quality, excellent debt capacity and coverage, and recognized management capabilities.

Grade 2 – Modest Risk: Borrower consistently generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service, excellent credit, above average asset quality and liquidity.

Grade 3 – Average Risk: Borrower generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service. Employment (or business) is stable with good future trends. Credit is very good.

Grade 4 – Acceptable Risk: Borrower’s cash flow is adequate to cover debt service; however, unusual expenses or capital expenses must by covered through additional long term debt. Employment (or business) stability is reasonable, but future trends may exhibit slight weakness. Credit history is good. No unpaid judgments or collection items appearing on credit report.

Grade 5 – Marginally acceptable: Credit to borrowers who may exhibit declining earnings, may have leverage that is materially above industry averages, liquidity may be marginally acceptable. Employment or business stability may be weak or deteriorating. May be currently performing as agreed, but would be adversely affected by developing factors such as layoffs, illness, reduced hours or declining business prospects. Credit history shows weaknesses, past dues, paid or disputed collections and judgments, but does not include borrowers that are currently past due on obligations or with unpaid, undisputed judgments.

Grade 6 – Watch: Loans are currently protected but are weak due to negative balance sheet or income statement trends. There may be a lack of effective control over collateral or the existence of documentation deficiencies. These loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. Other reasons supporting this classification include adverse economic or market conditions, pending litigation or any other material weakness. Existing loans that become 60 or more days past due are placed in this category pending a return to current status.

Grade 7 – Substandard: Loans having well-defined weaknesses where a payment default and or loss is possible, but not yet probable. Cash flow is inadequate to service the debt under the current payment, or terms, with prospects that the condition is permanent. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower and there is the likelihood that collateral will have to be liquidated and/or guarantor(s) called upon to repay the debt. Generally, the loan is considered collectible as to both principal and interest, primarily because of collateral coverage, however, if the deficiencies are not corrected quickly; there is a probability of loss.

Grade 8 – Doubtful: Loans having all the characteristics of a substandard credit, but available information indicates it is unlikely the loan will be repaid in its entirety. Cash flow is insufficient to service the debt. It may be difficult to project the exact amount of loss, but the probability of some loss is great. Loans are to be placed on non-accrual status when any portion is classified doubtful.

Credit card and dealer finance loans are classified as performing or nonperforming. A loan is nonperforming when payments of principal and interest are past due 90 days or more.

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7. TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURING

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 7. TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURING

In the determination of the allowance for loan losses, management considers troubled debt restructurings and subsequent defaults in these restructurings by adjusting the loan grades of such loans, which are considered in the qualitative factors within the allowance for loan loss methodology. Defaults resulting in charge-offs affect the historical loss experience ratios which are a component of the allowance calculation. Additionally, specific reserves may be established on restructured loans which are evaluated individually for impairment.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, the Bank modified 21 loans that were considered to be troubled debt restructurings. These modifications include rate adjustments, revisions to amortization schedules, suspension of principal payments for a temporary period, re-advancing funds to be applied as payments to bring the loan(s) current, or any combination thereof.

	December 31, 2018
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)			Outstanding		Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts		Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Real Estate		1	$	742	$	742
Commercial		2		1,248		1,248
Consumer		18	$	183	$	183
Total		21	$	2,173	$	2,173

As of December 31, 2018, there were 5 loans restructured in the previous twelve months, in default. A restructured loan is considered in default when it becomes 30 days past due.

	December 31, 2018
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)			Outstanding		Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts		Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Real Estate		2	$	142	$	142
Consumer		3		12		12
Total		5	$	154	$	154

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the Bank modified 6 loans that were considered to be troubled debt restructurings. These modifications included rate adjustments, revisions to amortization schedules, suspension of principal payments for a temporary period, re-advancing funds to be applied as payments to bring the loan(s) current, or any combination thereof.

	December 31, 2017
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)			Outstanding		Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts		Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Consumer		3	$	32	$	32
Total		3	$	32	$	32

As of December 31, 2017, there were 3 loans restructured in the previous twelve months, in default. A restructured loan is considered in default when it becomes 30 days past due.

	December 31, 2017
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)			Outstanding		Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts		Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Real Estate		1	$	67	$	67
Construction/Land Development		2		1,502		1,502
Total		3	$	1,569	$	1,569

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8. BANK PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 8. BANK PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

Bank premises and equipment as of December 31 are summarized as follows:

	2018			2017
Land		3,887		$	3,883
Buildings and improvements		14,370			12,384
Furniture and equipment		10,438			9,454
		28,695			25,721
Less - accumulated depreciation		(10,929	)		(9,827	)
Net	$	17,766		$	15,894

Depreciation of $1,137 in 2018, $930 in 2017, and $827 in 2016 were charged to operations.

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9. OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 9. OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED

The table below reflects other real estate owned (OREO) activity for 2018 and 2017:

	Other Real Estate Owned
		2018			2017
Balance as of January 1		$	1,984		$	2,076
Loans transferred to OREO			600			231
Capital improvements			-			2
Sale of OREO			(132	)		(281	)
Write down of OREO or losses on sale			(9	)		(44	)
Balance as of December 31		$	2,443		$	1,984

Activity in the valuation allowance was as follows:

	2018			2017
Balance as of January 1	$	885		$	885
Provision (recoveries) charged/(credited) to expense		(23	)		-
Reductions from sales of real estate owned		(1	)		-
Balance as of December 31	$	861		$	885

(Income) expenses related to foreclosed assets include:

	2018			2017		2016
Net loss (gain) on sales	$	9		$	44	$	19
Gain on foreclosure		(94	)		-		-
Provision/(recoveries) for unrealized losses		(10	)		-		-
Operating expenses, net of rental income		64			32		67
(Income) expenses related to foreclosed assets	$	(31	)	$	76	$	86

At December 31, 2018, the balance of real estate owned includes $375 of foreclosed residential real estate properties recorded as a result of obtaining physical possession of the property. At December 31, 2018, the recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure procedures are in process is $518.

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10. DEPOSITS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Banking and Thrift [Abstract]

NOTE 10. DEPOSITS

Time deposits that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250 at year end 2018 and 2017 were $13,464 and $13,637. At December 31, 2018, the scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows:

2018	$	62,999
2019		50,775
2020		23,990
2021		7,174
2022 and after		10,928
Total	$	155,866

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11. SHORT-TERM DEBT

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

NOTE 11. SHORT-TERM DEBT

Short-term debt, all maturing within 12 months, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 is summarized as follows:

			Outstanding		Average
	Maximum Outstanding		At		Balance
	at any Month End		Year End		Outstanding		Yield
2018
Federal funds purchased	$	11,906	$	10,116	$	1,399		2.51	%
FHLB short term		46,000		30,000		22,937		1.83	%
Totals			$	40,116	$	24,336		1.87	%
2017
Federal funds purchased	$	8,964	$	5,296	$	97		.17	%
FHLB short term		50,000		20,000		20,301		.30	%
Totals			$	25,296	$	20,398		.31	%

The Company utilizes short-term debt such as Federal funds purchased and Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB) short term borrowings to support the loans held for sale participation program and provide liquidity. Federal funds purchased are unsecured overnight borrowings from other financial institutions. FHLB short term debt, which is secured by the loan portfolio, can be a daily rate variable loan that acts as a line of credit or a fixed rate advance, depending on the need of the Company.

Securities sold under repurchase agreements are secured transactions with customers and generally mature the day following the date sold. This product was discontinued in 2017.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $41,000, which may be used in the management of short-term liquidity, on which $10,116 was outstanding.

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12. LONG-TERM DEBT

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

NOTE 12. LONG-TERM DEBT

The Company utilizes the FHLB advance program to fund loan growth and provide liquidity. The interest rates on long-term debt are fixed at the time of the advance and range from 1.27% to 2.56%; the weighted average interest rate was 1.96% and 1.86% at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The balance of these obligations at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $40,125 and $49,554 respectively. The Company recognized a gain of $504 on prepayment of two FHLB advances totaling $10,000 during the first quarter of 2017 and there were no additional borrowings in 2018 or 2017. FHLB advances include a $6,000 letter of credit at FHLB that is pledged to the Commonwealth of Virginia to secure public funds.

The maturities of long-term Federal Home Loan Bank long term debt as of December 31, 2018, were as follows:

2019	$	6,928
2020		14,429
2021		5,929
2022		2,714
2023		7,000
Thereafter		3,125
Total	$	40,125

In addition, the Company has a note payable to purchase a lot adjacent to one of the Bank branches for $85 at December 31, 2018 that is payable in remaining annual payments on January 1, 2019. There was $170 outstanding on this note at December 31, 2017.

VSTitle, LLC has a note payable for vehicle purchases with a balance of $8 and $9 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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13. INCOME TAX EXPENSE

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

NOTE 13. INCOME TAX EXPENSE

The components of income tax expense were as follows:

	2018			2017			2016
Current expense	$	1,155		$	3,671		$	3,046
Deferred expense (benefit)		(55	)		(152	)		53
Adjustments to deferred tax asset due to change in federal tax rate		-			811			-
Total deferred (benefit) expense		(55	)		659			53
Total Income Tax Expense	$	1,110		$	4,330		$	3,099

The components of deferred taxes as of December 31, were as follows:

	2018		2017
Deferred Tax Assets:
Allowance for loan losses	$	1,096	$	1,265
Split Dollar Life Insurance		3		3
Nonqualified deferred compensation		564		546
Low income housing partnerships losses		279		203
Core deposit amortization		13		108
Other real estate owned		173		173
Net unrealized loss on securities available for sale		25		5
Unfunded pension benefit obligation		1,030		1,096
Total Assets	$	3,183	$	3,399

	2018		2017
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Unearned low income housing credits	$	158	$	180
Depreciation		403		340
Prepaid pension		849		1,010
Goodwill tax amortization		564		559
Total Liabilities		1,974		2 089
Net Deferred Tax Asset (included in Other Assets on Balance Sheet)	$	1,209	$	1,310

The following table summarizes the differences between the actual income tax expense and the amounts computed using the federal statutory tax rates:

	2018			2017			2016
Tax expense at federal statutory rates	$	2,104		$	4,511		$	4,307
Increases (decreases) in taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit		-			-			6
Partially tax-exempt income		(49	)		(59	)		(41	)
Tax-exempt income		(146	)		(212	)		(217	)
LIH and historic credits		(774	)		(633	)		(896	)
Deferred Tax Asset rate change		-			811			-
Other		(25	)		(88	)		(60	)
Total Income Tax Expense	$	1,110		$	4,330		$	3,099

The Company has analyzed the tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax returns and concluded it has no liability related to uncertain tax positions in accordance with accounting guidance related to income taxes.

The Company and its subsidiaries file federal income tax returns and state income tax returns. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.

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14. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 14. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

Defined Benefit Pension Plan

The Company has a qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plan which covers substantially all of its employees hired before April 1, 2012. The benefits are primarily based on years of service and earnings. The Company uses December 31st as the measurement date for the defined benefit pension plan.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the changes in the benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for 2018, 2017 and 2016:

	2018			2017			2016
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation, beginning	$	15,103		$	12,475		$	10,944
Service cost		768			696			632
Interest cost		497			487			453
Actuarial (gain) loss		(1,562	)		1,620			872
Benefits paid		(587	)		(175	)		(426	)
Benefit obligation, ending	$	14,219		$	15,103		$	12,475
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets, beginning	$	13,645		$	12,032		$	11,678
Actual return on plan assets		(613	)		1,788			780
Employer contribution		-			-			-
Benefits paid		(587	)		(175	)		(426	)
Fair value of plan assets, ending	$	12,445		$	13,645		$	12,032
Funded status at the end of the year	$	(1,774	)	$	(1,458	)	$	(443	)

The fair value of plan assets is measured based on the fair value hierarchy as discussed in Note 20, “Fair Value Measurements” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The valuations are based on third party data received as of the balance sheet date. All plan assets are considered Level 1 assets, as quoted prices exist in active markets for identical assets.

	2018			2017			2016
Amount recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Prepaid benefit cost	$	3,131		$	3,760		$	4,361
Unfunded pension benefit obligation under ASC 325-960		(4,905	)		(5,218	)		(4,804	)
Deferred taxes		1,030			1,096			1,633
Amount recognized in accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss)
Net loss	$	(4,932	)	$	(5,260	)	$	(4,861	)
Prior service cost		27			42			57
Amount recognized	$	(4,905	)		(5,218	)		(4,804	)
Deferred taxes		1,030			1,096			1,633
Amount recognized in accumulated comprehensive income	$	(3,875	)	$	(4,122	)	$	(3,171	)
Prepaid benefit detail
Benefit obligation	$	(14,219	)	$	(15,103	)	$	(12,475	)
Fair value of assets		12,445			13,645			12,032
Unrecognized net actuarial loss		4,932			5,260			4,861
Unrecognized prior service cost		(27	)		(42	)		(57	)
Prepaid (accrued) benefits	$	3,131		$	3,760		$	4,361
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$	768		$	696		$	632
Interest cost		496			487			452
Expected return on plan assets		(923	)		(851	)		(854	)
Amortization of prior service cost		(15	)		(15	)		(15	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		303			284			223
Net periodic benefit cost	$	629		$	601		$	438
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations
recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
Net loss	$	(328	)	$	399		$	724
Amortization of prior service cost		15			15			15
Total recognized in other comprehensive income	$	(313	)	$	414		$	739
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other
comprehensive income (loss)	$	316		$	1,015		$	1,177
Additional disclosure information
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	10,992		$	10,760		$	8,789
Vested benefit obligation	$	10,983		$	10,750		$	8,780
Discount rate used for net pension cost		3.50	%		4.00	%		4.25	%
Discount rate used for disclosure		4.25	%		3.50	%		4.00	%
Expected return on plan assets		7.25	%		7.25	%		7.50	%
Rate of compensation increase		3.00	%		3.00	%		3.00	%
Average remaining service (years)		12			12			13

Funding Policy

Due to the current funding status of the plan, the Company did not make a contribution in 2018, 2017 or 2016. The net periodic pension cost of the plan for 2019 will be approximately $745. Due to recent retirements, the Company expects to be obligated for payments to former employees that will result in the plan being subject to a settlement accounting charge in 2019. This amount is measured on a quarterly basis by plan actuaries and will change based on additional retirements that may occur as well as market values of the plan assets. While the total amount of the settlement accounting charge for 2019 is not known at this time, we expect that the amount will range between $600 and $800 as an additional pension expense in 2019.

Long-Term Rate of Return

The Company, as plan sponsor, selects the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption in consultation with investment advisors and the plan actuary. This rate is intended to reflect the average rate of earnings expected to be earned on the funds invested or to be invested to provide plan benefits. Historical performance is reviewed, especially with respect to real rates of return (net of inflation) for the major asset classes held or anticipated to be held by the trust. Undue weight is not given to recent experience, which may not continue over the measurement period, with higher significance placed on current forecasts of future long-term economic conditions.

Because assets are held in a qualified trust, anticipated returns are not reduced for taxes. Further, and solely for this purpose, the plan is assumed to continue in force and not terminate during the period during which the assets are invested. However, consideration is given to the potential impact of current and future investment policy, cash flow into and out of the trust, and expenses (both investment and non-investment) typically paid from plan assets (to the extent such expenses are not explicitly estimated within periodic cost).

Asset Allocation

The trust fund is sufficiently diversified to maintain a reasonable level of risk without imprudently sacrificing return, with a targeted asset allocation of 39% fixed income and 61% equity. The Investment Manager selects investment fund managers with demonstrated experience and expertise, and funds with demonstrated historical performance, for the implementation of the Plan’s investment strategy. The Investment Manager will consider both actively and passively managed investment strategies and will allocate funds across the asset classes to develop an efficient investment structure. The pension plan’s allocations as of December 31, 2018, and 2017 were 58% equity and 42% fixed and 61% equity and 39% fixed, respectively.

Estimated Future Benefit Payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, as of December 31, 2018, are as follows:

2019	$	2,685
2020		604
2021		394
2022		1,542
2022		894
2024-2028		7,483
	$	13,602

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)

The Company sponsors an ESOP which provides stock ownership to substantially all employees of the Company. The Plan provides total vesting upon the attainment of five years of service. Contributions to the plan are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and are allocated based on the compensation of each employee relative to total compensation paid by the Company. All shares issued and held by the Plan are considered outstanding in the computation of earnings per share. Dividends on Company stock are allocated and paid to participants at least annually. Shares of Company stock, when distributed, have restrictions on transferability. For the plan year ending September 30, 2018 the Company contributed $443 in 2018, $430 in 2017, and $407 in 2016 to the Plan and charged this expense to operations. The shares held by the ESOP totaled 203,147 and 194,018 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

401(K) Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) savings plan under which eligible employees may choose to save up to 20 percent of their salary on a pretax basis, subject to certain IRS limits. Under the Federal Safe Harbor rules employees are automatically enrolled at 3% (this increases by 1% per year up to 6%) of their salary unless elected otherwise. The Company matches one hundred percent of the first 1% contributed by the employee and fifty percent from 2% to 6% of employee contributions. Vesting in the contributions made by the Company is 100% after two years of service. Contributions under the plan amounted to $283, $263 and $242 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Deferred Compensation Plan

The Company has a nonqualified deferred compensation plan for several of its key employees and directors. The Company may make annual contributions to the plan, and the employee or director has the option to defer a portion of their salary or bonus based on qualifying annual elections. Contributions to the plan totaled $125 in 2018, $125 in 2017 and $125 in 2016. A liability is accrued for the obligation under the plan and totaled $3,170 and $3,377 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Investments in Life Insurance Contracts

The Bank currently offers a variety of benefit plans to all full-time employees. While the costs of these plans are generally tax deductible to the Bank, the cost has been escalating greatly in recent years. To help offset escalating benefit costs and to attract and retain qualified employees, the Bank purchased Bank Owned Life Insurance (BOLI) contracts that will provide benefits to employees during their lifetime. Dividends received on these policies are tax-deferred and the death benefits under the policies are tax exempt. Rates of return on a tax-equivalent basis are very favorable when compared to other long-term investments which the Bank might make. The accrued liability related to the BOLI contracts was $466 and $443 for December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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15. CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

NOTE 15. CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT

The Company had cash deposits in other commercial banks in excess of FDIC insurance limits totaling $2,195 and $1,798 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company grants commercial, residential real estate and consumer loans to customers located primarily in the northwestern portion of the State of Virginia. There were no loan concentration areas greater than 25% of capital. Collateral required by the Company is determined on an individual basis depending on the purpose of the loan and the financial condition of the borrower. As of December 31, 2018, approximately 77% of the loan portfolio was secured by real estate.

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16. COMMITMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

NOTE 16. COMMITMENTS

The Company makes commitments to extend credit in the normal course of business and issues standby letters of credit to meet the financing needs of its customers. The amount of the commitments represents the Company's exposure to credit loss that is not included in the consolidated balance sheet. As of the December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had the following commitments outstanding:

	2018		2017
Commitments to extend credit	$	169,863	$	170,798
Standby letters of credit		2,119		1,533

The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments to extend credit and issue standby letters of credit as it does for the loans reflected in the consolidated balance sheet.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. Collateral required, if any, upon extension of credit is based on management's credit evaluation of the borrower’s ability to pay. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment.

The Bank leases four of its branch offices and its loan production office under long term lease arrangements which had initial terms of either three, five or ten years. F&M Mortgage leased its building until December of 2017 and therefore recorded lease expense in 2017 and 2016. VST leases three of its offices, the lease expense is included in the following disclosure as well as future lease payments. The North Augusta Branch and the Dealer Finance division office are leases with related parties. The Company considers these lease agreements to be arm’s length transactions.

Lease expense was $249, $355 and $291 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, the required lease payments for the next five years were as follows:

2019	$	155
2020		128
2021		110
2022		105
2023		93
Thereafter		114

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

Commitments to fund certain mortgage loans originated by F&M Mortgage (rate lock commitments) to be sold into the secondary market and best efforts commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors are considered derivatives. It is the practice of F&M Mortgage to enter into best efforts commitments for the future delivery of residential mortgage loans when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans. These mortgage banking derivatives are not designated hedge relationships. The fair value of the mortgage banking derivatives were estimated based on changes in interest rates from the date of the commitments and were considered immaterial at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and were not recorded on the Company’s balance sheet.

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17. ON BALANCE SHEET DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 17. ON BALANCE SHEET DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company has stand alone derivative financial instruments in the form of forward option contracts. These transactions involve both credit and market risk. The notional amounts are amounts on which calculations, payments, and the value of the derivative are based. Notional amounts do not represent direct credit exposures. Direct credit exposure is limited to the net difference between the calculated amounts to be received and paid, if any. Such difference, which represents the fair value of the derivative instruments, is reflected on the Company’s balance sheet as derivative assets and derivative liabilities.

The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to these agreements. The Company controls the credit risk of its financial contracts through credit approvals, limits and monitoring procedures, and does not expect any counterparties to fail their obligations. The Company deals only with primary dealers.

Derivative instruments are generally either negotiated Over-the-Counter (OTC) contracts or standardized contracts executed on a recognized exchange. Negotiated OTC derivative contracts are generally entered into between two counterparties that negotiate specific agreement terms, including the underlying instrument, amount, exercise prices and maturity.

The Company issues to customer’s certificates of deposit with an interest rate that is derived from the rate of return on the stock of the companies that comprise The Dow Jones Industrial Average. In order to manage the interest rate risk associated with this deposit product, the Company has purchased a series of forward option contracts. These contracts provide the Company with a rate of return commensurate with the return of The Dow Jones Industrial Average from the time of the contract until maturity of the related certificates of deposit. These contracts are accounted for as fair value hedges. Because the certificates of deposit can be redeemed by the customer at any time and the related forward options contracts cannot be cancelled by the Company, the hedge is not considered effective. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument, if any, is recognized currently in earnings. There was no ineffective portion included in the consolidated income statement for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

At December 31, the information pertaining to the forward option contracts, included in other assets and other liabilities on the balance sheet, is as follows:

	2018		2017
Notional amount	$	184	$	184
Fair value of contracts, included in other assets		44		59

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18. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 18. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES

During the year, executive officers and directors (and companies controlled by them) were customers of and had transactions with the Company in the normal course of business. Management believes these transactions were made on substantially the same terms as those prevailing for other customers and did not involve any abnormal risk.

Loan transactions with related parties are shown in the following schedule:

	2018			2017
Total loans, beginning of year	$	20,377		$	7,486
New loans		5,785			6,803
Relationship change		169			10,403
Repayments		(5,766	)		(4,315	)
Total loans, end of year	$	20,565		$	20,377

Deposits of executive officers and directors and their affiliates were $4,110 and $7,757 on December 31, 2018 and 2017 respectively.  Management believes these deposits were made under the same terms available to other customers of the bank.

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19. DIVIDEND LIMITATIONS ON SUBSIDIARY BANK

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 19. DIVIDEND LIMITATIONS ON SUBSIDIARY BANK

The principal source of funds of F & M Bank Corp. is dividends paid by the Farmers & Merchants Bank. The Federal Reserve Act restricts the amount of dividends the Bank may pay. Approval by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is required if the dividends declared by a state member bank, in any year, exceed the sum of (1) net income of the current year and (2) income net of dividends for the preceding two years. As of January 1, 2019, approximately $8,140 was available for dividend distribution without permission of the Board of Governors. Dividends paid by the Bank to the Company totaled $8,874 in 2018, $5,000 in 2017 and $5,000 in 2016.

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20. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

NOTE 20. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 –	Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 –	Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.
Level 3 –	Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:

Securities

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and exchange traded equities, such as U. S. Treasuries. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flow. Level 2 securities would include U.S. agency securities, mortgage-backed agency securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions and certain corporate, asset backed and other securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The carrying value of restricted Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates fair value based upon the redemption provisions of each entity and is therefore excluded from the following table.

Derivatives

The Company’s derivatives are recorded at fair value based on third party vendor supplied information using discounted cash flow analysis from observable-market based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.

The following tables present the balances of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

December 31, 2018	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	7,886		-	$	7,886		-
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		403		-		403		-
Total securities available for sale	$	8,289	$	-	$	8,289	$	-
Derivatives	$	44	$	-	$	44	$	-
December 31, 2017	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
U. S. Treasuries	$	19,998	$	19,998	$	-	$	-
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises		7,980		-		7,980		-
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		502		-		502		-
Equity securities1		135		-		135		-
Total securities available for sale	$	28,615	$	19,998	$	8,617	$	-
Derivatives	$	59	$	-	$	59	$	-

1 Transferred to other investments on January 1, 2018 upon adoption of ASU 2016-01

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale are short-term loans purchased at par for resale to investors at the par value of the loan and loans originated by F&M Mortgage for sale in the secondary market. Loan participations are generally repurchased within 15 days.  Loans originated for sale by F&M Mortgage are recorded at lower of cost or market. No market adjustments were required at December 31, 2018 or 2017; therefore, loans held for sale were carried at cost. Because of the short-term nature and fixed repurchase price, the book value of these loans approximates fair value at December 31, 2018, and 2017.

Impaired Loans

Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Troubled debt restructurings are impaired loans. Impaired loans are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. If an individually-evaluated impaired loan’s balance exceeds fair value, the amount is allocated to the allowance for loan losses. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The fair value of an impaired loan and measurement of associated loss is based on one of three methods: the observable market price of the loan, the present value of projected cash flows, or the fair value of the collateral. The observable market price of a loan is categorized as a Level 1 input. The present value of projected cash flows method results in a Level 3 categorization because the calculation relies on the Company’s judgment to determine projected cash flows, which are then discounted at the current rate of the loan, or the rate prior to modification if the loan is a troubled debt restructure.

Loans measured using the fair value of collateral method are categorized in Level 3. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. Most collateral is real estate. The Company bases collateral method fair valuation upon the “as-is” value of independent appraisals or evaluations.

The value of real estate collateral is determined by an independent appraisal utilizing an income or market valuation approach.  The Company discounts appraised value by estimated selling costs to arrive at net fair value. Appraisals conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data is categorized as Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal (Level 3) if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements (Level 3) if not considered significant. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3).

As of December 31, 2018, and 2017, the fair value measurements for impaired loans with specific allocations were primarily based upon the fair value of the collateral.

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period (dollars in thousands):

December 31, 2018	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Construction/Land Development	$	2,684		-		-	$	2,684
Real Estate		415		-		-		415
Consumer		6						6
Dealer Finance		184		-		-		184
Impaired loans	$	3,289		-		-	$	3,289

December 31, 2017	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Construction/Land Development	$	3,337		-		-	$	3,337
Real Estate		979		-		-		979
Dealer Finance		35		-		-		35
Impaired loans	$	4,351		-		-	$	4,351

The following table presents information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Fair Value at December 31, 2018	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Impaired Loans	$ 3,289	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs and marketability	2%-9% (Average 4.21%)

	Fair Value at December 31, 2017	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Impaired Loans	$ 4,351	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs and marketability	3%-19% (Average 5.5%)

Other Real Estate Owned

Certain assets such as other real estate owned (OREO) are measured at fair value less cost to sell. Valuation of other real estate owned is determined using current appraisals from independent parties, a level three input. If current appraisals cannot be obtained prior to reporting dates, or if declines in value are identified after a recent appraisal is received, appraisal values are discounted, resulting in Level 3 estimates. If the Company markets the property with a realtor, estimated selling costs reduce the fair value, resulting in a valuation based on Level 3 inputs.

The Company markets other real estate owned both independently and with local realtors. Properties marketed by realtors are discounted by selling costs. Properties that the Company markets independently are not discounted by selling costs.

The following table summarizes the Company’s other real estate owned that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period.

December 31, 2018	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Other real estate owned	$	2,443		-		-	$	2,443

December 31, 2017	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Other real estate owned	$	1,984		-		-	$	1,984

The following table presents information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Fair Value at December 31, 2018	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Other real estate owned	$ 2,443	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs	5%-15% (Average 8%)

	Fair Value at December 31, 2017	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Other real estate owned	$ 1,984	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs	5%-15% (Average 8%)

The following presents the carrying amount, fair value and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. For short-term financial assets such as cash and cash equivalents and short-term liabilities, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. For financial liabilities such as noninterest bearing demand, interest bearing demand and savings deposits, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to these products having no stated maturity. Fair values for December 31, 2018 are estimated under the exit price notion in accordance with the prospective adoption of ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” Fair values for December 31, 2017 are estimated under the guidance in effect for that period, which did not require use of the exit price notion.

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at December 31, 2018
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,912	$	10,912	$	-	$	-	$	10,912
Securities		8,412		-		8,412		-		8,412
Loans held for sale		55,910		-		55,910		-		55,910
Loans held for investment, net		633,559		-		-		613,717		613,717
Interest receivable		2,078		-		2,078		-		2,078
Bank owned life insurance		19,464		-		19,464		-		19,464
Total	$	730,335	$	10,912	$	85,864	$	613,717	$	710,493
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	591,325	$	-	$	441,319	$	153,848	$	595,167
Short-term debt		40,116		-		40,116		-		40,116
Long-term debt		40,218		-		-		39,609		39,609
Interest payable		348		-		348		-		348
Total	$	672,007	$	-	$	481,783	$	193,457	$	675,240

The estimated fair values, and related carrying amounts (in thousands), of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at December 31, 2017
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,907	$	11,907	$	-	$	-	$	11,907
Securities		28,740		19,998		8,742		-		28,740
Loans held for sale		39,775		-		39,775		-		39,775
Loans held for investment, net		610,930		-		-		646,703		646,703
Interest receivable		2,007		-		2,007		-		2,007
Bank owned life insurance		13,950		-		13,950		-		13,950
Total	$	707,309	$	31,905	$	64,474	$	646,703	$	743,082
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	569,177	$	-	$	403,907	$	167,210	$	571,117
Short-term debt		25,296		-		25,296		-		25,296
Long-term debt		49,733		-		-		49,869		49, 869
Interest payable		260		-		260		-		260
Total	$	644,466	$	-	$	429,463	$	217,079	$	646,542

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21. REGULATORY MATTERS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 21. REGULATORY MATTERS

The Company meets the eligibility criteria of a small bank holding company in accordance with the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement issued in February 2015 and is not obligated to report consolidated regulatory capital. The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

The final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. Banks (Basel III rules) became effective January 1, 2015, with full compliance of all the requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule and fully phased in on January 1, 2019. Under the Basel III rules, the Company must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer was fully phased in at 2.50% January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer for 2018 was 1.875% and for 2017 was 1.25%. The net unrealized gain on securities available for sale and the unfunded pension liability are not included in computing regulatory capital.

Quantitative measures established by regulation, to ensure capital adequacy, require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios. These ratios are defined in the regulations and the amounts are set forth in the table below. Management believes, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, that the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

As of the most recent notification from the Federal Reserve Bank Report of Examination, the subsidiary bank was categorized as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk based, Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution’s category.

The actual capital ratios for the Bank are presented in the following table (dollars in thousands):

	Actual					Minimum Capital Requirement					Minimum to be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
December 31, 2018	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total risk-based ratio	$	95,597		14.44	%	$	52,955		8.00	%	$	66,194		10.00	%
Tier 1 risk-based ratio		90,357		13.65	%		39,717		6.00	%		52,955		8.00	%
Common equity tier 1		90,357		13.65	%		29,787		4.50	%		43,026		6.50	%
Total assets leverage ratio		90,357		11.79	%		30,659		4.00	%		38,324		5.00	%

	Actual					Minimum Capital Requirement					Minimum to be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
December 31, 2017	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total risk-based ratio	$	95,563		15.41	%	$	49,614		8.00	%	$	62,018		10.00	%
Tier 1 risk-based ratio		89,519		14.43	%		37,211		6.00	%		49,614		8.00	%
Common equity tier 1		89,519		14.43	%		27,908		4.50	%		40,312		6.50	%
Total assets leverage ratio		89,519		12.07	%		29,656		4.00	%		37,070		5.00	%

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22. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Business Segments

NOTE 22. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

	December 31, 2018
	F&M Bank		F&M Mortgage		TEB Life/FMFS		VSTitle		Parent Only			Eliminations			F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
Revenues:
Interest Income	$	36,550	$	139	$	144	$	-	$	-		$	(125	)	$	36,708
Service charges on deposits		1,496		-		-		-		-			-			1,496
Investment services and insurance income		-		-		918		-		-			(19	)		899
Mortgage banking income, net		-		2,348		-		-		-			(36	)		2,312
Title insurance income		-		-		-		1,294		-			-			1,294
Other operating income		2,002		-		-		-		-			-			2,002
Total income		40,048		2,487		1,062		1,294		-			(180	)		44,711
Expenses:
Interest Expense		4,839		118		-		-		-			(125	)		4,832
Provision for loan losses		2,930		-		-		-		-			-			2,930
Salaries and benefits		13,153		1,783		578		922		-			-			16,436
Other operating expenses		9,448		553		57		220		49			(19	)		10,308
Total expense		30,370		2,454		635		1,142		49			(144	)		34,506
Income before income taxes		9,678		33		427		152		(49	)		(36	)		10,205
Income tax expense (benefit)		1,021		-		57		-		32			-			1,110
Net income	$	8,657	$	33	$	370	$	152	$	(81	)	$	(36	)	$	9,095
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		-		10		-		36		-			(36	)		10
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	$	8,657	$	23	$	370	$	116	$	(81	)	$	-		$	9,085
Total Assets	$	782,782	$	7,449	$	7,237	$	458	$	91,582		$	(109,255	)	$	780,253
Goodwill	$	2,670	$	48	$	-	$	2	$	164		$	-		$	2,884

	December 31, 2017
	F&M Bank		F&M Mortgage			TEB Life/FMFS			VSTitle		Parent Only			Eliminations			F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
Revenues:
Interest Income	$	33,904	$	125		$	148		$	-	$	-		$	(82	)	$	34,095
Service charges on deposits		1,360		-			-			-		-			-			1,360
Investment services and insurance income		1		-			772			-		-			(18	)		755
Mortgage banking income, net		-		2,269			-			-		-			(49	)		2,220
Title insurance income		-		-			-			1,162		-			-			1,162
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt		504		-			-			-		-			-			504
Loss on investments		-		(40	)		(2	)		-		-			-			(42	)
Other operating income		2,128		1			-			-		162			(358	)		1,933
Total income		37,897		2,355			918			1,162		162			(507	)		41,987
Expenses:
Interest Expense		3,904		75			-			-		-			(82	)		3,897
Provision for loan losses		-		-			-			-		-			-			-
Salaries and benefits		12,092		1,557			474			731		-			-			14,854
Other operating expenses		8,942		618			51			226		46			(18	)		9,865
Total expense		24,938		2,250			525			957		46			(100	)		28,616
Income before income taxes		12,959		105			393			205		116			(407	)		13,371
Income tax expense (benefit)		4,316		-			109			-		(95	)		-			4,330
Net income	$	8,643	$	105		$	284		$	205	$	211		$	(407	)	$	9,041
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		-		31			-			49		-			(49	)		31
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	$	8,643	$	74		$	284		$	156	$	211		$	(358	)	$	9,010
Total Assets	$	754,375	$	7,018		$	6,749		$	1,067	$	90,964		$	(106,903	)	$	753,270
Goodwill	$	2,670	$	47		$	-		$	-	$	164		$	-		$	2,881

	December 31, 2016
		F&M Bank		VBS Mortgage		TEB Life/FMFS		Parent Only			Eliminations			F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
Revenues:
Interest Income		$	31,949	$	55	$	152	$	-		$	(6	)	$	32,150
Service charges on deposits			1,174		-		-		-			-			1,174
Investment services and insurance income			1		-		470		-			(30	)		441
Mortgage banking income, net			-		2,565		-		-			-			2,565
Other operating income			2,353		-		-		-			(951	)		1,402
Total income			35,477		2,620		622		-			(987	)		37,732
Expenses:
Interest Expense			3,605		-		-		-			(6	)		3,599
Provision for loan losses			-		-		-		-			-			-
Salaries and benefits			11,123		1,387		290		-			-			12,800
Other operating expenses			8,139		586		66		1			(320	)		8,472
Total expense			22,867		1,973		356		1			(326	)		24,871
Income before income taxes			12,610		647		266		(1	)		(661	)		12,861
Income tax expense (benefit)			3,290		-		58		(249	)		-			3,099
Net income		$	9,320	$	647	$	208	$	248		$	(661	)	$	9,762
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest			-		194		-		-			-			194
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.		$	9,320	$	453	$	208	$	248		$	(661	)	$	9,568
Total Assets		$	748,273	$	7,487	$	6,476	$	87,449		$	(104,796	)	$	744,889
Goodwill		$	2,670	$	-	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	2,670

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23. PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 23. PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Balance Sheets

December 31, 2018 and 2017

	2018			2017
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	749		$	917
Investment in subsidiaries		89,418			88,967
Other investments		135			135
Income tax receivable (including due from subsidiary)		946			565
Goodwill and intangibles		327			380
Total Assets	$	91,575		$	90,964
Liabilities
Deferred income taxes		151			177
Accrued expenses		72			86
Total Liabilities	$	223		$	263
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock par value $25 per share, 400,000 shares authorized, 249,860 and 324,150 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.	$	5,672		$	7,529
Common stock par value $5 per share, 6,000,000 shares authorized, 3,213,132 and 3,255,036 shares issued and outstanding for 2018 and 2017, respectively		16,066			16,275
Additional paid in capital		7,987			10,225
Retained earnings		65,596			60,814
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(3,969	)		(4,142	)
Total Stockholders' Equity		91,352			90,701
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	91,575		$	90,964

Statements of Income

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

	2018		2017			2016
Income
Dividends from affiliate	$	8,874	$	5,000		$	5,000
Net limited partnership income (loss)		-		162			-
Total Income		8,874		5,162			5,000
Expenses
Total Expenses		49		47			1
Net income before income tax expense (benefit)
and undistributed subsidiary net income		8,825		5,115			4,999
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)		32		(95	)		(249	)
Income before undistributed subsidiary net income		8,793		5,210			5,248
Undistributed subsidiary net income		292		3,800			4,320
Net Income F&M Bank Corp.	$	9,085	$	9,010		$	9,568

Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

	2018			2017			2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	9,085		$	9,010		$	9,568
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
cash provided by operating activities:
Undistributed subsidiary income		(292	)		(3,800	)		(4,320	)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense		(3	)		(112	)		5
Increase in other assets		(328	)		(1,256	)		-
Decrease in other liabilities		(23	)		(77	)		(535	)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		8,439			3,765			4,718
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities		-			-			-
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Repurchase of preferred stock		(2,788	)		(101	)		(1,961	)
Repurchase of common stock		(1,782	)		(712	)		(577	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		266			197			183
Dividends paid in cash		(4,303	)		(3,387	)		(3,115	)
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities		(8,607	)		(4,003	)		(5,470	)
Net (decrease) increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents		(168	)		(238	)		(752	)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year		917			1,155			1,907
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year	$	749		$	917		$	1,155

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24. INVESTMENT IN F&M MORTGAGE, LLC

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

NOTE 24. INVESTMENT IN F&M MORTGAGE, LLC

On November 3, 2008, the Bank acquired a 70% ownership interest in VBS Mortgage, LLC (DBA F&M Mortgage). F&M Mortgage originates both conventional and government sponsored mortgages for sale in the secondary market. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of F&M Mortgage and reflected the issued and outstanding interest not held by the Company in its consolidated financial statements as noncontrolling interest.

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25. INVESTMENT IN VS TITLE, LLC

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Investment In Vs Title Llc

NOTE 25. INVESTMENT IN VS TITLE, LLC

On January 1, 2017, the Company acquired a 76% ownership interest in VSTitle, LLC (VST). VST provides title insurance services to the customers in our market area, including F&M Mortgage and the Bank. F&M Mortgage is the minority owner in VST and accordingly, the Company consolidated the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of VST, however there is no noncontrolling interest reflected as the 24% is included in VBS Mortgage’s income. January 1, 2018 VST purchased a small title company in Harrisonburg.

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26. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

NOTE 26. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The balances in accumulated other comprehensive loss are shown in the following table:

dollars in thousands	Unrealized Securities Gains (Losses)			Adjustments Related to Pension Plan			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at December 31, 2015		4			(2,684	)		(2,680	)
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax		2			-			2
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax		-			(487	)		(487	)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	6		$	(3,171	)	$	(3,165	)
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax		(26	)		-			(26	)
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax		-			(951	)		(951	)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(20	)	$	(4,122	)	$	(4,142	)
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax		(74	)		-			(74	)
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax		-			247			247
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(94	)	$	(3,875	)	$	(3,969	)

There were no reclassifications adjustments reported on the consolidated statements of income during 2016, 2017 or 2018.

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27. REVENUE RECOGNITION

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Revenue Recognition [Abstract]

NOTE 27. REVENUE RECOGNITION

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606. The implementation of the new standard did not have a material impact on the measurement or recognition of revenue; as such, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605.

Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as deposit related fees, interchange fees, merchant income, and annuity and insurance commissions. However, the recognition of these revenue streams did not change significantly upon adoption of Topic 606. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated from contracts with customers. Noninterest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts

Service charges on deposit accounts consist of account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business and public checking accounts), overdraft fees, monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.

Investment Services and Insurance Income

Investment services and insurance income primarily consists of commissions received on mutual funds and other investment sales. Commissions from the sale of mutual funds and other investments are recognized on trade date, which is when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation.

Title Insurance Income

VSTitle provides title insurance and real estate settlement services. Revenue is recognized at the time the real estate transaction is completed.

ATM and Check Card Fees

ATM and Check Card Fees are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees, merchant services income, and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions, in addition to account management fees.

Other

Other noninterest income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as safe deposit box rental fees, and other service charges. Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The Company determined that since rentals and renewals occur fairly consistently over time, revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the duration of the performance obligation. Other service charges include revenue from processing wire transfers, online payment fees, cashier’s checks, mobile banking fees and other services. The Company’s performance obligation for fees, exchange, and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.

The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Noninterest income out-of-scope of Topic 606 in 2017 included onetime gains on prepayment of debt of $504.

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Noninterest Income
In-scope of Topic 606:
Service Charges on Deposits	$	1,496	$	1,359	$	1,174
Investment Services and Insurance Income		901		755		441
Title Insurance Income		1,293		1,161		2,565
ATM and check card fees		1,537		1,387		-
Other		525		490		-
Noninterest Income (in-scope of Topic 606)		5,752		5,153		4,180
Noninterest Income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)		2,251		2,739		1,402
Total Noninterest Income	$	8,003	$	7,892	$	5,582

Contract Balances

A contract asset balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company’s noninterest revenue streams are largely based on transactional activity. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and revenue is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any significant contract balances.

Contract Acquisition Costs

In connection with the adoption of Topic 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize into expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained (for example, sales commission). The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. Upon adoption of Topic 606, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition cost.

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1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Farmers & Merchants Bank, TEB Life Insurance Company, Farmers & Merchants Financial Services, Inc., F&M Mortgage, LLC, (net of noncontrolling interest) and VSTitle, LLC. Significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, goodwill and intangibles, fair value, the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, pension accounting and the valuation of foreclosed real estate.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, money market funds whose initial maturity is ninety days or less and Federal funds sold.

Securities

Debt securities are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to held them to maturity. Debt securities are classified as available for sale when they might be sold before maturity. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, the unrealized holding gains and losses are reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, in any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transaction for the identical or a similar investment.

The Company follows the accounting guidance related to recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairment. The guidance specifies that if (a) an entity does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery and (b) it is more likely than not that the entity will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired, unless there is a credit loss. When criteria (a) and (b) are met, the entity will recognize the credit component of other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income.

For held-to-maturity debt securities, the amount of other-than-temporary impairment recorded in other comprehensive income for the noncredit portion of a previous other-than-temporary impairment is amortized prospectively over the remaining life of the security on the basis of the timing of future estimated cash flows of the security.

For equity securities, when the Company has decided to sell an impaired available-for-sale security and the Company does not expect the fair value of the security to fully recover before the expected time of sale, the security is deemed other-than-temporarily impaired in the period in which the decision to sell is made. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the impairment is deemed other than temporary even if a decision to sell has not been made. The Company had no other than temporary impairment in 2018, 2017 or 2016.

Other Investments

The Company periodically invests in low income housing partnerships whose primary benefit is the distribution of federal income tax credits to partners. The Company recognizes these benefits and the cost of the investments over the life of the partnership (usually 15 years). In addition, state and federal historic rehabilitation credits are generated from some of the partnerships. Amortization of these investments is prorated based on the amount of benefits received in each year to the total estimated benefits over the life of the projects. The effective yield method is used to record the income statement effects of these investments.

Due to the nature and restrictions placed on the Company's investment in common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB") and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, these securities are considered restricted and carried at cost.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new accounting standard for Financial Instruments, which requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. At December 31, 2018, equity securities of $135 are included in other investments on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. These securities were included in the available for sale portfolio at December 31, 2017.

Income Taxes

Income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The results for the year ended December 31, 2017 included the effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act), which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. Among other things, the Tax Act permanently lowered the federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from the maximum rate prior to the passage of the Tax Act of 35%, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate, U.S. GAAP required companies to re-measure their deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, including those accounted for in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as of the date of the Tax Act’s enactment and record the corresponding effects in income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company recognized a $811 reduction in the value of its net deferred tax asset and recorded a corresponding incremental income tax expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of income for 2017.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.

Loans Held for Investment

The Company, through its banking subsidiary, provides mortgage, commercial, and consumer loans to customers. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by mortgage loans, particularly commercial and residential mortgages. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is largely dependent upon the real estate and general economic conditions in the Company’s market area.

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off, generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance adjusted for the allowance for loan losses, and any unearned income.  Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance.  The accrual of interest on loans is generally discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection.  Loans are typically charged off when the loan is 120 days past due, unless secured and in process of collection.  Loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

The Company’s loans are grouped into eleven segments: construction/land development, farmland, real estate, multi-family, commercial real estate, home equity – closed end, home equity – open end, commercial & industrial – non-real estate, consumer, credit cards and dealer finance. Each segment is subject to certain risks that influence the establishment of pricing, loan structures, approval requirements, reserves, and ongoing credit management. The Company does not segregate the portfolio further.

Construction and land development loans are subject to general risks from changing commercial building and housing market trends and economic conditions that may impact demand for completed properties and the costs of completion. Completed properties that do not sell or become leased within originally expected timeframes may impact the borrower’s ability to service the debt. These risks are measured by market-area unemployment rates, bankruptcy rates, housing and commercial building market trends, and interest rates. Risks specific to the borrower are also evaluated, including previous repayment history, debt service ability, and current and projected loan-to value ratios for the collateral.

Farmland loans are loans secured by agricultural property. These loans are subject to risks associated with the value of the underlying farmland and the cash flows of the borrower’s farming operations.

Multifamily loans are loans secured by multi-unit residential property. These loans are subject to risks associated with the value of the underlying property as well as the successful operation and management of the property.

Real estate loans are for consumer residential real estate where the credit quality is subject to risks associated with the borrower’s repayment ability and collateral value, measured generally by analyzing local unemployment and bankruptcy trends, and local housing market trends and interest rates. Risks specific to a borrower are determined by previous repayment history, loan-to-value ratios, and debt-to-income ratios.

The commercial real estate segment includes loans secured by commercial real estate occupied by the owner/borrower, and commercial real estate leased to non-owners. Loans in the commercial real estate segment are impacted by economic risks from changing commercial real estate markets, rental markets for commercial buildings, business bankruptcy rates, local unemployment rates and interest rate trends that would impact the businesses housed by the commercial real estate.

The Company’s home-equity loan portfolios (closed end and open end) carry risks associated with the creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in loan-to-value ratios. The Company manages these risks through policies and procedures such as limiting loan-to-value at origination, experienced underwriting, and requiring standards for appraisers.

Commercial and industrial non-real estate loans are secured by collateral other than real estate or are unsecured. Credit risk for commercial non-real estate loans is subject to economic conditions, generally monitored by local business bankruptcy trends, interest rates, and borrower repayment ability and collateral value (if secured).

Consumer non-real estate includes non-dealer financed automobile loans and other consumer loans. Certain consumer loans are unsecured, while collateral is obtained for automobile loans and other consumer loans. Credit risk stems primarily from the borrower’s ability to repay. If the loan is secured, the Company analyzes loan-to-value ratios. All consumer non-real estate loans are analyzed for debt-to-income ratios and previous credit history, as well as for general risks for the portfolio, including local unemployment rates, personal bankruptcy rates and interest rates.

Credit card loan portfolios carry risks associated with the creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in the economic environment. The Company manages these risks through policies and procedures such as experienced underwriting, maximum debt to income ratios, and minimum borrower credit scores.

Dealer finance lending generally carries certain risks associated with the values of the collateral and borrower’s ability to repay the loan. The Company focuses its dealer finance lending on used vehicles where substantial depreciation has already occurred thereby minimizing the risk of significant loss of collateral values in the future.

Interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off is reversed against interest income.  The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status.  Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

A loan is considered past due when a payment of principal or interest or both is due but not paid.  Management closely monitors past due loans in timeframes of 30-59 days, 60-89 days, and 90 or more days past due.

These policies apply to all loan portfolio segments.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.  Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.  Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and construction loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired loans.

Loans Held for Sale

These loans consist of fixed rate loans made through the Company’s subsidiary, F&M Mortgage, and loans purchased from Northpointe Bank, Grand Rapids, MI.

F&M Mortgage originates conforming mortgage loans for sale in the secondary market. These loans consist primarily of fixed-rate, single-family residential mortgage loans which meet the underwriting characteristics of the investors. F&M Mortgage enters into mortgage loan commitments whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (rate lock commitments).

The period of time between issuance of a loan commitment and sale of the loan generally ranges from two to three weeks. F&M Mortgage protects itself from changes in interest rates through the use of best efforts forward delivery contracts, by committing to sell a loan at the time the borrower commits to an interest rate with the intent that the buyer has assumed the interest rate risk on the loan.  As a result, the Company is not generally exposed to significant losses nor will it realize significant gains related to its rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates.  The correlation between the rate lock commitments and the best efforts contracts is very high due to their similarity. The market value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts is not readily ascertainable with precision because rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not actively traded in stand-alone markets.  F&M Mortgage determines the fair value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts by measuring the change in the estimated value of the underlying assets while taking into consideration the probability that the loan will be funded. The fair value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts was considered immaterial at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The average time on the line is two or three weeks. These loans are pre-sold with servicing released and no interest is retained after the loans are sold. Because of the short holding period, these loans are carried at the lower of cost or market and no market adjustments were deemed necessary in 2018, 2017, or 2016. Gains on sales of loans and commission expense are recognized at the loan closing date and are included in mortgage banking income, net on the Company’s consolidated income statement. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, there was $3,544 and $3,645, respectively, of these loans included in loans held for sale on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

The Bank participates in a Mortgage Purchase Program with Northpointe Bank (Northpointe), a Michigan banking corporation. Pursuant to the terms of a participation agreement, the Bank purchases participation interests in loans made by Northpointe related to fully underwritten and pre-sold mortgage loans originated by various prescreened mortgage loan originators located throughout the United States. A takeout commitment is in place at the time the loans are purchased. The Bank has participated in similar arrangements since 2003 as a higher yielding alternative to federal funds sold or investment securities. These loans are short-term, residential real estate loans that have an average life in our portfolio of approximately two weeks. The Bank holds these loans during the period of time between loan closing and when the loan is paid off by the ultimate secondary market purchaser. As of December 31, 2018, and 2017, there were $52,366 and $36,130 million of these loans included in loans held for sale on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Troubled Debt Restructuring

In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower's financial condition, management may grant a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR").  Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify their loan to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status.  These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral.  In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, management measures any impairment on the restructuring as noted above for impaired loans.  The Company has $8.03 million in loans classified as TDRs that are current and performing as of December 31, 2018, and $7.8 million as of December 31, 2017.

Allowance for Loan and Losses

The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio. A provision for estimated losses is charged to earnings to establish and maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level reflective of the estimated credit risk. When management determines that a loan balance or portion of a loan balance is not collectible, the loss is charged against the allowance. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

Management’s determination of the adequacy of the allowance is based on an evaluation of the composition of the loan portfolio, the value and adequacy of collateral, current economic conditions, historical loan loss experience, and other risk factors. Management evaluates the allowance each quarter through a methodology that estimates losses on individual impaired loans and evaluates the effect of numerous factors on the credit risk of each segment of loans.

The Company’s allowance for loan losses has two basic components: the general allowance and the specific allowance. Each of these components is determined based upon estimates and judgments. The general allowance uses historical loss experience as an indicator of future losses, along with various qualitative factors, including levels and trends in delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, charge-offs and recoveries, trends in volume and terms of loans, effects of changes in underwriting standards, experience of lending staff, economic conditions, and portfolio concentrations.

Except for credit card and dealer finance loans, all loans are assigned an internal risk rating based on certain credit quality indicators. Credit card, consumer and dealer finance loans are monitored based on payment activity. Loss rates are amplified for loans with adverse risk ratings that are not considered impaired. In the general allowance, the historical loss rate is combined with the qualitative factors, resulting in an adjusted loss factor for each segment of loans.  The period-end balances for each loan segment are multiplied by the adjusted loss factor. Historical loss rates are combined with qualitative factors resulting in an adjusted loss factor for each segment. Specific allowances are established for individually-evaluated impaired loans based on the excess of the loan balance relative to the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is deemed collateral dependent.

Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions, particularly those affecting real estate values. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)

OREO is held for sale and represents real estate acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. The Company’s policy is to carry OREO on its balance sheet at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.

Bank Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost and bank premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to income over the estimated useful lives of the assets on a combination of the straight-line and accelerated methods. The ranges of the useful lives of the premises and equipment are as follows:

Premises and Improvements	10 - 40 years
Furniture and Equipment	5 - 20 years

Maintenance, repairs, and minor improvements are charged to operations as incurred. Gains and losses on dispositions are reflected in other income or expense.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for goodwill and intangible assets under ASC 805, “Business Combinations” and ASC 350, “Intangibles”, respectively. Goodwill is subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair value-based test.  Additionally, acquired intangible assets are separately recognized if the benefit of the assets can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged, and amortized over their useful lives. The Company recorded goodwill and intangible assets in 2018 related to the purchase of VS Title which was valued by an independent third party. The Company records as goodwill the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Impairment testing is performed annually, as well as when an event triggering impairment may have occurred. The Company performs its annual analysis as of December 31 each fiscal year. Accounting guidance permits preliminary assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether a more substantial impairment testing is required. The Company chose to bypass the preliminary assessment and utilized a two-step process for impairment testing of goodwill. The first step tests for impairment, while the second step, if necessary, measures the impairment.  No indicators of impairment were identified during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.

Pension Plans

The Bank has a qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plan which covers all full-time employees hired prior to April 1, 2012. The benefits are primarily based on years of service and earnings. The Company complies with ASC 325-960 “Defined Benefit Pension Plans” which requires recognition of the over-funded or under-funded status of pension and other postretirement benefit plans on the balance sheet. Under ASC 325-960, gains and losses, prior service costs and credits, and any remaining transition amounts that have not yet been recognized through net periodic benefit cost will be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax effects, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic cost.

Advertising Costs

The Company follows the policy of charging the cost of advertising to expense as incurred. Total advertising costs included in other operating expenses for 2018, 2017, and 2016 were $622, $509, and $604, respectively.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain employees. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered.  Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company – put presumptively beyond reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is shown in a two-statement approach, the first statement presents total net income and its components followed by a second statement that presents all the components of other comprehensive income such as unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities and changes in the funded status of a defined benefit pension plan.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Under ASC 815, the gain or loss on a derivative designated and qualifying as a fair value hedging instrument, as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedging item attributable to the risk being hedged, is recognized currently in earnings in the same accounting period. The effective portion of the gain or loss on a derivative designated and qualifying as a cash flow hedging instrument is initially reported as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument, if any, is recognized currently in earnings.

Interest rate derivative financial instruments receive hedge accounting treatment only if they are designated as a hedge and are expected to be, and are, effective in substantially reducing interest rate risk arising from the assets and liabilities identified as exposing the Company to risk. Those derivative financial instruments that do not meet the hedging criteria discussed below would be classified as trading activities and would be recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in income. Derivative hedge contracts must meet specific effectiveness tests. Changes in fair value of the derivative financial instruments must be effective at offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedging items due to the designated hedge risk during the term of the hedge. Further, if the underlying financial instrument differs from the hedged asset or liability, there must be a clear economic relationship between the prices of the two financial instruments. If periodic assessment indicates derivatives no longer provide an effective hedge, the derivatives contracts would be closed out and settled or classified as a trading activity.

Loss Contingencies

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable, and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in a separate note. Fair value estimates involved uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets of particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made in prior years’ financial statements to conform to classifications used in the current year. These reclassifications had no impact on net income or earnings per share.

Earnings per Share

Accounting guidance specifies the computation, presentation and disclosure requirements for earnings per share (“EPS”) for entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock such as options, warrants, convertible securities or contingent stock agreements if those securities trade in a public market. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.  Diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had been issued.  The dilutive effect of conversion of preferred stock is reflected in the diluted earnings per common share calculation.

Net income available to common stockholders represents consolidated net income adjusted for preferred dividends declared.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to net income available to common stockholders for the periods presented:

	For the year ended
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Earnings Available to Common Stockholders:
Net Income	$	9,095		$	9,041		$	9,762
Minority interest attributable to noncontrolling interest		(10	)		(31	)		(194	)
Dividends paid/accumulated on preferred stock		(413	)		(415	)		(487	)
Net Income Available to Common Stockholders	$	8,672		$	8,595		$	9,081

The following table shows the effect of dilutive preferred stock conversion on the Company's earnings per share for the periods indicated:

	Year ended
	December 31, 2018							December 31, 2017							December 31, 2016
Dollars in thousands	Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted Average Shares		Per Share Amounts			Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted Average Shares		Per Share Amounts			Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted Average Shares		Per Share Amounts
Basic EPS	$	8,672		3,238,177	$	2.68		$	8,595		3,269,713	$	2.63		$	9,081		3,282,335	$	2.77
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Convertible Preferred Stock		413		357,841		(.15	)		415		362,271		(0.15	)		487		434,256		(0.20	)
Diluted EPS	$	9,085		3,596,017	$	2.53		$	9,010		3,631,984	$	2.48		$	9,568		3,716,591	$	2.57

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Among other things, in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) A lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted upon issuance. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The FASB made subsequent amendments to Topic 842 in July 2018 through ASU 2018-10 (“Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases.”) and ASU 2018-11 (“Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements.”) Among these amendments is the provision in ASU 2018-11 that provides entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard. Under this new transition method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, an entity’s reporting for the comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which it adopts the new leases standard will continue to be in accordance with current GAAP (Topic 840, Leases). The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2019 did not have a material effect on the Bank’s/Company’s consolidated financial statements or The effect of adopting this standard on January 1, 2019 was an approximate $1.03 million increase in assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet.

During June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The amendments in this ASU are effective for SEC filers for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. For public companies that are not SEC filers, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company has chosen a vendor and is in the process of supplying data to the model and will run “shadow” in 2019 along with current allowance for loan loss model.

During January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The amendments in this ASU simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. Public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers should adopt the amendments in this ASU for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, “Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” The amendments in this ASU shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities purchased at a premium. Upon adoption of the standard, premiums on these qualifying callable debt securities will be amortized to the earliest call date. Discounts on purchased debt securities will continue to be accreted to maturity. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Upon transition, entities should apply the guidance on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption and provide the disclosures required for a change in accounting principle. Given the composition of our securities portfolio, the Company does not expect that adoption of ASU 2017-08 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. 

During August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” The amendments in this ASU modify the designation and measurement guidance for hedge accounting as well as provide for increased transparency regarding the presentation of economic results on both the financial statements and related footnotes. Certain aspects of hedge effectiveness assessments will also be simplified upon implementation of this update. The amendments are effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. This ASU was further amended in October 2018 by ASU 2018-16, which adds the Overnight Index Swap rate as a U.S. benchmark interest rate. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-12 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” The amendments provide financial statement preparers with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (or portion thereof) is recorded. The amendments are effective for all organizations for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Organizations should apply the proposed amendments either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company elected to reclassify the stranded income tax effects from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in the consolidated financial statements for the period ending December 31, 2017. The amount of this reclassification in 2017 was $811.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The amendments expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payments issued to non-employees for goods or services, which were previously excluded. The amendments will align the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees more similarly. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-07 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” The amendments modify the disclosure requirements in Topic 820 to add disclosures regarding changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty. Certain disclosure requirements in Topic 820 are also removed or modified. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Certain of the amendments are to be applied prospectively while others are to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” These amendments modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. Certain disclosure requirements have been deleted while the following disclosure requirements have been added: the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with promised interest crediting rates and an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The amendments also clarify the disclosure requirements in paragraph 715-20-50-3, which state that the following information for defined benefit pension plans should be disclosed: The projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets and the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. The amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-14 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Tables

Bank premises and equipment

Premises and Improvements	10 - 40 years
Furniture and Equipment	5 - 20 years

Earnings per share

	For the year ended
Dollars in thousands	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Earnings Available to Common Stockholders:
Net Income	$	9,095		$	9,041		$	9,762
Minority interest attributable to noncontrolling interest		(10	)		(31	)		(194	)
Dividends paid/accumulated on preferred stock		(413	)		(415	)		(487	)
Net Income Available to Common Stockholders	$	8,672		$	8,595		$	9,081

	Year ended
	December 31, 2018							December 31, 2017							December 31, 2016
Dollars in thousands	Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted Average Shares		Per Share Amounts			Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted Average Shares		Per Share Amounts			Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted Average Shares		Per Share Amounts
Basic EPS	$	8,672		3,238,177	$	2.68		$	8,595		3,269,713	$	2.63		$	9,081		3,282,335	$	2.77
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Convertible Preferred Stock		413		357,841		(.15	)		415		362,271		(0.15	)		487		434,256		(0.20	)
Diluted EPS	$	9,085		3,596,017	$	2.53		$	9,010		3,631,984	$	2.48		$	9,568		3,716,591	$	2.57

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4. SECURITIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Schedule amortized cost and fair value for securities

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2018
U. S. Treasuries	$	123	$	-	$	-	$	123
December 31, 2017
U. S. Treasuries	$	125	$	-	$	-	$	125

Amortized cost and fair value of securities

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2018
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	7,999		-		113		7,886
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		409		-		6		403
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	8,408	$	-	$	119	$	8,289
December 31, 2017
U. S. Treasuries	$	19,998	$	-	$	-	$	19,998
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises		7,999		-		19		7,980
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		508		-		6		502
Equity securities1		135		-		-		135
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	28,640	$	9	$	25	$	28,615

1 Transferred to other investments on January 1, 2018 upon adoption of ASU 2016-01

Schedule of gain and losses on sales of debt and equity securities

	Securities Held to Maturity				Securities Available for Sale
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Due after one year through five years		123		123		7,999		7,886
Due after five years through ten years		-		-		409		403
Due after ten years		-		-		-		-
Total	$	123	$	123	$	8,408	$	8,289

Schedule of securities with unrealized losses

	Less than 12 Months				More than 12 Months					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2018
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	-	$	-	$	7,886	$	(113	)	$	7,886	$	(113	)
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		-		-		403		(6	)		403		(6	)
Total	$	-	$	-	$	8,289	$	(119	)	$	8,289	$	(119	)

	Less than 12 Months					More than 12 Months				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2017
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	3,981	$	(19	)	$	-	$	-	$	3,981	$	(19	)
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		502		(6	)		-		-		502		(6	)
Total	$	4,483	$	(25	)	$	-	$	-	$	4,483	$	(25	)

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5. LOANS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Schedule of loans held for investment

	2018		2017
Construction/Land Development	$	61,659	$	71,620
Farmland		17,030		13,606
Real Estate		192,278		184,546
Multi-Family		9,665		10,298
Commercial Real Estate		147,342		148,906
Home Equity – closed end		11,039		11,606
Home Equity – open end		53,197		54,739
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		36,021		36,912
Consumer		9,861		6,633
Dealer Finance		97,523		75,169
Credit Cards		3,184		2,939
Total	$	638,799	$	616,974

Schedule impaired loans

	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
			Unpaid						Unpaid
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Principal		Related
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment		Balance		Allowance
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance:
Construction/Land Development	$	2,414	$	2,414	$	-	$	4,352	$	5,269	$	-
Farmland		1,941		1,941		-		1,984		1,984		-
Real Estate		1,932		1,932		-		1,273		1,273		-
Multi-Family		-		-		-		-		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		6,176		6,176		-		6,229		6,229		-
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		-		-		-		-
Home Equity – open end		-		-		-		-		347		-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		-		-		-		-		-		-
Consumer		-		-		-		8		8		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-		-		-
Dealer Finance		32		32		-		31		31		-
		12,495		12,495		-		13,877		15,141		-
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Construction/Land Development		4,311		4,871		1,627		4,998		4,998		1,661
Farmland		-		-		-		-		-		-
Real Estate		422		422		7		1,188		1,188		209
Multi-Family		-		-		-		-		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		-		1,500		-		-		-		-
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		-		-		-		-
Home Equity – open end		-		-		-		-		-		-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		-		-		-		-		-		-
Consumer		8		8		2		-		-		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-		-		-
Dealer Finance		194		194		10		47		47		12
		4,935		6,995		1,646		6,233		6,233		1,882
Total impaired loans	$	17,430	$	19,490	$	1,646	$	20,110	$	21,374	$	1,882

Schedule of aging of the recorded investment of past due loans

	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Average		Interest		Average		Interest
	Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance:
Construction/Land Development	$	3,586	$	89	$	4,969	$	382
Farmland		1,963		80		1,921		62
Real Estate		1,542		98		878		57
Multi-Family		-		-		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		2,304		286		1,682		44
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		-		-
Home Equity – open end		-		-		347		-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		-		-		124		-
Consumer		-		-		10		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-
Dealer Finance		28		5		24		3
		9,423		558		9,955		548
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Construction/Land Development		6,352		91		5,911		258
Farmland		-		-		-		-
Real Estate		554		23		1,194		49
Multi-Family		-		-		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		4,167		-		-		-
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		-		-
Home Equity – open end		-		-		-		-
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		-		-		-		-
Consumer		10		1		-		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-
Dealer Finance		206		14		56		3
		11,289		129		7,161		310
Total impaired loans	$	20,712	$	687	$	17,116	$	858

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment of past due loans:

	30-59 Days Past due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loan Receivable		Non-Accrual Loans		Recorded Investment >90 days & accruing
December 31, 2018
Construction/Land Development	$	290	$	-	$	1,767	$	2,057	$	59,602	$	61,659	$	2,327	$	-
Farmland		-		-		-		-		17,030		17,030		-		-
Real Estate		3,074		677		1,729		5,480		186,798		192,278		1,477		726
Multi-Family		-		-		-		-		9,665		9,665		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		479		189		5,073		5,741		141,601		147,342		5,074		-
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		12		12		11,027		11,039		-		12
Home Equity – open end		148		171		320		639		52,558		53,197		269		51
Commercial & Industrial – Non- Real Estate		40		22		80		142		35,879		36,021		98		-
Consumer		89		26		3		118		9,743		9,861		5		2
Dealer Finance		2,763		337		96		3,196		94,327		97,523		155		9
Credit Cards		50		11		9		70		3,114		3,184		-		-
Total	$	6,933	$	1,433	$	9,089	$	17,455	$	621,344	$	638,799	$	9,405	$	800

	30-59 Days Past due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loan Receivable		Non-Accrual Loans		Recorded Investment >90 days & accruing
December 31, 2017
Construction/Land Development	$	167	$	5,459	$	3,908	$	9,534	$	62,086	$	71,620	$	3,908	$	-
Farmland		-		-		-		-		13,606		13,606		-		-
Real Estate		2,858		1,954		560		5,372		179,174		184,546		1,720		143
Multi-Family		179		-		-		179		10,119		10,298		-		-
Commercial Real Estate		544		-		-		544		148,362		148,906		-		-
Home Equity – closed end		-		25		-		25		11,581		11,606		3		-
Home Equity – open end		454		165		268		887		53,852		54,739		448		-
Commercial & Industrial – Non- Real Estate		108		36		595		739		36,173		36,912		599		-
Consumer		43		5		-		48		6,585		6,633		-		-
Dealer Finance		1,300		252		189		1,741		73,428		75,169		226		54
Credit Cards		30		8		1		39		2,900		2,939		-		1
Total	$	5,683	$	7,904	$	5,521	$	19,108	$	597,866	$	616,974	$	6,904	$	198

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6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes to Financial Statements

Schdule of allowance for loan losses

December 31, 2018	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision for Loan Losses			Ending Balance		Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Allowance for loan losses:
Construction/Land Development	$	2,547	$	489	$	122	$	(86	)	$	2,094	$	1,627	$	467
Farmland		25		-		-		(10	)		15		-		15
Real Estate		719		99		12		(340	)		292		7		285
Multi-Family		19		-		-		(9	)		10		-		10
Commercial Real Estate		482		1,546		1		1,479			416		-		416
Home Equity – closed end		66		3		4		(54	)		13		-		13
Home Equity – open end		209		-		8		(91	)		126		-		126
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		337		573		91		337			192		-		192
Consumer		148		51		41		(68	)		70		2		68
Dealer Finance		1,440		2,083		861		1,756			1,974		10		1,964
Credit Cards		52		76		46		16			38		-		38
Total	$	6,044	$	4,920	$	1,186	$	2,930		$	5,240	$	1,646	$	3,594

December 31, 2017	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision for Loan Losses			Ending Balance		Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Allowance for loan losses:
Construction/Land Development	$	3,381	$	620	$	-	$	(214	)	$	2,547	$	1,661	$	886
Farmland		34		-		-		(9	)		25		-		25
Real Estate		843		-		2		(126	)		719		209		510
Multi-Family		23		-		-		(6	)		19		-		19
Commercial Real Estate		705		-		13		(236	)		482		-		482
Home Equity – closed end		75		7		25		(27	)		66		-		66
Home Equity – open end		470		26		53		(288	)		209		-		209
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		586		179		72		(142	)		337		-		337
Consumer		78		136		28		178			148		-		148
Dealer Finance		1,289		1,806		1,143		814			1,440		12		1,428
Credit Cards		59		98		37		54			52		-		52
Total	$	7,543	$	2,872	$	1,373	$	-		$	6,044	$	1,882	$	4,162

Investment in loans based on impairment method

December 31, 2018	Loan Receivable		Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Construction/Land Development	$	61,659	$	6,725	$	54,934
Farmland		17,030		1,941		15,089
Real Estate		192,278		2,354		189,924
Multi-Family		9,665		-		9,665
Commercial Real Estate		147,342		6,176		141,166
Home Equity – closed end		11,039		-		11,039
Home Equity –open end		53,197		-		53,197
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		36,021		-		36,021
Consumer		9,861		8		9,853
Dealer Finance		97,523		226		97,297
Credit Cards		3,184		-		3,184
Total	$	638,799	$	17,430	$	621,369
December 31, 2017	Loan Receivable		Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Construction/Land Development	$	71,620	$	9,350	$	62,270
Farmland		13,606		1,984		11,622
Real Estate		184,546		2,461		182,085
Multi-Family		10,298		-		10,298
Commercial Real Estate		148,906		6,229		142,677
Home Equity – closed end		11,606		-		11,606
Home Equity –open end		54,739		-		54,739
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate		36,912		-		36,912
Consumer		6,633		8		6,625
Dealer Finance		75,169		78		75,091
Credit Cards		2,939		-		2,939
Total	$	616,974	$	20,110	$	596,864

Schedule of loan portfolio by internal loan grade

December 31, 2018	Grade 1 Minimal Risk		Grade 2 Modest Risk		Grade 3 Average Risk		Grade 4 Acceptable Risk		Grade 5 Marginally Acceptable		Grade 6 Watch		Grade 7 Substandard		Grade 8 Doubtful		Total
Construction/Land Development	$	-	$	1,148	$	15,857	$	29,301	$	9,353	$	-	$	6,000	$	-	$	61,659
Farmland		62		-		4,953		6,376		3,205		493		1,941		-		17,030
Real Estate		-		1,644		55,429		106,387		22,679		1,531		4,608		-		192,278
Multi-Family		-				2,895		6,604		166		-		-		-		9,665
Commercial Real Estate		-		2,437		44,065		81,916		11,564		2,286		5,074		-		147,342
Home Equity – closed end		-		31		3,245		5,842		1,909		-		12		-		11,039
Home Equity – open end		60		1,554		19,464		27,347		4,157		223		392		-		53,197
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)		193		2,291		17,144		13,254		2,704		337		98		-		36,021
Consumer (excluding dealer)		27		190		2,648		5,192		1,800		-		4		-		9,861
Total	$	342	$	9,295	$	165,700	$	282,219	$	57,537	$	4,870	$	18,129	$	-	$	538,092

	Credit Cards		Dealer Finance
Performing	$	3,175	$	97,368
Non performing		9		155
Total	$	3,184	$	97,523

December 31, 2017	Grade 1 Minimal Risk		Grade 2 Modest Risk		Grade 3 Average Risk		Grade 4 Acceptable Risk		Grade 5 Marginally Acceptable		Grade 6 Watch		Grade 7 Substandard		Grade 8 Doubtful		Total
Construction/Land Development	$	-	$	690	$	12,974	$	30,197	$	9,165	$	3,520	$	15,074	$	-	$	71,620
Farmland		63		-		3,153		4,120		3,793		494		1,983		-		13,606
Real Estate		-		1,512		53,764		101,606		19,734		4,660		3,270		-		184,546
Multi-Family		-		228		4,780		5,111		179		-		-		-		10,298
Commercial Real Estate		-		3,525		45,384		89,195		9,012		634		1,156		-		148,906
Home Equity – closed end		-		-		3,535		5,410		1,279		1,379		3		-		11,606
Home Equity – open end		235		1,598		17,383		30,888		3,945		176		514		-		54,739
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)		262		1,595		13,297		19,442		1,480		207		629		-		36,912
Consumer (excluding dealer)		34		490		2,226		88		1,065		2,254		476		-		6,633
Total	$	594	$	9,638	$	156,496	$	286,057	$	49,652	$	13,324	$	23,105	$	-	$	538,866

	Credit Cards		Dealer Finance
Performing	$	2,938	$	75,116
Non performing		1		53
Total	$	2,939	$	75,169

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7. TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURING (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Troubled Debt Restructuring Tables

Troubled debt restructurings

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, the Bank modified 21 loans that were considered to be troubled debt restructurings. These modifications include rate adjustments, revisions to amortization schedules, suspension of principal payments for a temporary period, re-advancing funds to be applied as payments to bring the loan(s) current, or any combination thereof.

	December 31, 2018
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)			Outstanding		Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts		Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Real Estate		1	$	742	$	742
Commercial		2		1,248		1,248
Consumer		18	$	183	$	183
Total		21	$	2,173	$	2,173

As of December 31, 2018, there were 5 loans restructured in the previous twelve months, in default. A restructured loan is considered in default when it becomes 30 days past due.

	December 31, 2018
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)			Outstanding		Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts		Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Real Estate		2	$	142	$	142
Consumer		3		12		12
Total		5	$	154	$	154

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the Bank modified 6 loans that were considered to be troubled debt restructurings. These modifications included rate adjustments, revisions to amortization schedules, suspension of principal payments for a temporary period, re-advancing funds to be applied as payments to bring the loan(s) current, or any combination thereof.

	December 31, 2017
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)			Outstanding		Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts		Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Consumer		3	$	32	$	32
Total		3	$	32	$	32

As of December 31, 2017, there were 3 loans restructured in the previous twelve months, in default. A restructured loan is considered in default when it becomes 30 days past due.

	December 31, 2017
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
(dollars in thousands)			Outstanding		Outstanding
Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts		Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Real Estate		1	$	67	$	67
Construction/Land Development		2		1,502		1,502
Total		3	$	1,569	$	1,569

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8. BANK PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Bank Premises And Equipment Tables

Bank premises and equipment

	2018			2017
Land		3,887		$	3,883
Buildings and improvements		14,370			12,384
Furniture and equipment		10,438			9,454
		28,695			25,721
Less - accumulated depreciation		(10,929	)		(9,827	)
Net	$	17,766		$	15,894

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9. OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Other Real Estate Owned Tables

Other real estate owned activity

	Other Real Estate Owned
		2018			2017
Balance as of January 1		$	1,984		$	2,076
Loans transferred to OREO			600			231
Capital improvements			-			2
Sale of OREO			(132	)		(281	)
Write down of OREO or losses on sale			(9	)		(44	)
Balance as of December 31		$	2,443		$	1,984

Other real estate owned valuation activity

	2018			2017
Balance as of January 1	$	885		$	885
Provision (recoveries) charged/(credited) to expense		(23	)		-
Reductions from sales of real estate owned		(1	)		-
Balance as of December 31	$	861		$	885

(Income) expenses related to foreclosed assets

	2018			2017		2016
Net loss (gain) on sales	$	9		$	44	$	19
Gain on foreclosure		(94	)		-		-
Provision/(recoveries) for unrealized losses		(10	)		-		-
Operating expenses, net of rental income		64			32		67
(Income) expenses related to foreclosed assets	$	(31	)	$	76	$	86

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10. DEPOSITS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Deposits Tables

Maturity of deposits

2018	$	62,999
2019		50,775
2020		23,990
2021		7,174
2022 and after		10,928
Total	$	155,866

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11. SHORT-TERM DEBT (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Short-Term Debt Tables

Short-term debt

			Outstanding		Average
	Maximum Outstanding		At		Balance
	at any Month End		Year End		Outstanding		Yield
2018
Federal funds purchased	$	11,906	$	10,116	$	1,399		2.51	%
FHLB short term		46,000		30,000		22,937		1.83	%
Totals			$	40,116	$	24,336		1.87	%
2017
Federal funds purchased	$	8,964	$	5,296	$	97		.17	%
FHLB short term		50,000		20,000		20,301		.30	%
Totals			$	25,296	$	20,398		.31	%

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12. LONG-TERM DEBT (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Long-Term Debt Tables

Maturities of long-term debt

2019	$	6,928
2020		14,429
2021		5,929
2022		2,714
2023		7,000
Thereafter		3,125
Total	$	40,125

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13. INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Expense Tables

Components of the income tax expense

	2018			2017			2016
Current expense	$	1,155		$	3,671		$	3,046
Deferred expense (benefit)		(55	)		(152	)		53
Adjustments to deferred tax asset due to change in federal tax rate		-			811			-
Total deferred (benefit) expense		(55	)		659			53
Total Income Tax Expense	$	1,110		$	4,330		$	3,099

Components of the deferred taxes

	2018		2017
Deferred Tax Assets:
Allowance for loan losses	$	1,096	$	1,265
Split Dollar Life Insurance		3		3
Nonqualified deferred compensation		564		546
Low income housing partnerships losses		279		203
Core deposit amortization		13		108
Other real estate owned		173		173
Net unrealized loss on securities available for sale		25		5
Unfunded pension benefit obligation		1,030		1,096
Total Assets	$	3,183	$	3,399

	2018		2017
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Unearned low income housing credits	$	158	$	180
Depreciation		403		340
Prepaid pension		849		1,010
Goodwill tax amortization		564		559
Total Liabilities		1,974		2 089
Net Deferred Tax Asset (included in Other Assets on Balance Sheet)	$	1,209	$	1,310

Differences in actual income tax expense and the amounts computed using the federal statutory tax rates

	2018			2017			2016
Tax expense at federal statutory rates	$	2,104		$	4,511		$	4,307
Increases (decreases) in taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit		-			-			6
Partially tax-exempt income		(49	)		(59	)		(41	)
Tax-exempt income		(146	)		(212	)		(217	)
LIH and historic credits		(774	)		(633	)		(896	)
Deferred Tax Asset rate change		-			811			-
Other		(25	)		(88	)		(60	)
Total Income Tax Expense	$	1,110		$	4,330		$	3,099

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14. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Employee Benefits Tables Abstract

Reconciliation of the changes in the benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets

	2018			2017			2016
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation, beginning	$	15,103		$	12,475		$	10,944
Service cost		768			696			632
Interest cost		497			487			453
Actuarial (gain) loss		(1,562	)		1,620			872
Benefits paid		(587	)		(175	)		(426	)
Benefit obligation, ending	$	14,219		$	15,103		$	12,475
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets, beginning	$	13,645		$	12,032		$	11,678
Actual return on plan assets		(613	)		1,788			780
Employer contribution		-			-			-
Benefits paid		(587	)		(175	)		(426	)
Fair value of plan assets, ending	$	12,445		$	13,645		$	12,032
Funded status at the end of the year	$	(1,774	)	$	(1,458	)	$	(443	)

Pension plan's asset allocation

	2018			2017			2016
Amount recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Prepaid benefit cost	$	3,131		$	3,760		$	4,361
Unfunded pension benefit obligation under ASC 325-960		(4,905	)		(5,218	)		(4,804	)
Deferred taxes		1,030			1,096			1,633
Amount recognized in accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss)
Net loss	$	(4,932	)	$	(5,260	)	$	(4,861	)
Prior service cost		27			42			57
Amount recognized	$	(4,905	)		(5,218	)		(4,804	)
Deferred taxes		1,030			1,096			1,633
Amount recognized in accumulated comprehensive income	$	(3,875	)	$	(4,122	)	$	(3,171	)
Prepaid benefit detail
Benefit obligation	$	(14,219	)	$	(15,103	)	$	(12,475	)
Fair value of assets		12,445			13,645			12,032
Unrecognized net actuarial loss		4,932			5,260			4,861
Unrecognized prior service cost		(27	)		(42	)		(57	)
Prepaid (accrued) benefits	$	3,131		$	3,760		$	4,361
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$	768		$	696		$	632
Interest cost		496			487			452
Expected return on plan assets		(923	)		(851	)		(854	)
Amortization of prior service cost		(15	)		(15	)		(15	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		303			284			223
Net periodic benefit cost	$	629		$	601		$	438
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations
recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
Net loss	$	(328	)	$	399		$	724
Amortization of prior service cost		15			15			15
Total recognized in other comprehensive income	$	(313	)	$	414		$	739
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other
comprehensive income (loss)	$	316		$	1,015		$	1,177
Additional disclosure information
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	10,992		$	10,760		$	8,789
Vested benefit obligation	$	10,983		$	10,750		$	8,780
Discount rate used for net pension cost		3.50	%		4.00	%		4.25	%
Discount rate used for disclosure		4.25	%		3.50	%		4.00	%
Expected return on plan assets		7.25	%		7.25	%		7.50	%
Rate of compensation increase		3.00	%		3.00	%		3.00	%
Average remaining service (years)		12			12			13

Estimated future benefit payments

2019	$	2,685
2020		604
2021		394
2022		1,542
2022		894
2024-2028		7,483
	$	13,602

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16. COMMITMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments Tables

Commitments outstanding

	2018		2017
Commitments to extend credit	$	169,863	$	170,798
Standby letters of credit		2,119		1,533

Long term lease arrangements

2019	$	155
2020		128
2021		110
2022		105
2023		93
Thereafter		114

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17. ON BALANCE SHEET DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

On Balance Sheet Derivative Instruments And Hedging Activities Tables

Forward option contracts

	2018		2017
Notional amount	$	184	$	184
Fair value of contracts, included in other assets		44		59

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18. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Transactions With Related Parties Tables

Loan transactions with related parties

	2018			2017
Total loans, beginning of year	$	20,377		$	7,486
New loans		5,785			6,803
Relationship change		169			10,403
Repayments		(5,766	)		(4,315	)
Total loans, end of year	$	20,565		$	20,377

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20. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Measurements Tables

Fair value on a recurring basis

December 31, 2018	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	7,886		-	$	7,886		-
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		403		-		403		-
Total securities available for sale	$	8,289	$	-	$	8,289	$	-
Derivatives	$	44	$	-	$	44	$	-
December 31, 2017	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
U. S. Treasuries	$	19,998	$	19,998	$	-	$	-
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises		7,980		-		7,980		-
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		502		-		502		-
Equity securities1		135		-		135		-
Total securities available for sale	$	28,615	$	19,998	$	8,617	$	-
Derivatives	$	59	$	-	$	59	$	-

1 Transferred to other investments on January 1, 2018 upon adoption of ASU 2016-01

Financial assets measured at fair value on nonrecurring basis

December 31, 2018	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Construction/Land Development	$	2,684		-		-	$	2,684
Real Estate		415		-		-		415
Consumer		6						6
Dealer Finance		184		-		-		184
Impaired loans	$	3,289		-		-	$	3,289

December 31, 2017	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Construction/Land Development	$	3,337		-		-	$	3,337
Real Estate		979		-		-		979
Dealer Finance		35		-		-		35
Impaired loans	$	4,351		-		-	$	4,351

Fair value measurements

	Fair Value at December 31, 2018	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Impaired Loans	$ 3,289	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs and marketability	2%-9% (Average 4.21%)

	Fair Value at December 31, 2017	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Impaired Loans	$ 4,351	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs and marketability	3%-19% (Average 5.5%)

December 31, 2018	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Other real estate owned	$	2,443		-		-	$	2,443

December 31, 2017	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Other real estate owned	$	1,984		-		-	$	1,984

	Fair Value at December 31, 2018	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Other real estate owned	$ 2,443	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs	5%-15% (Average 8%)

	Fair Value at December 31, 2017	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Other real estate owned	$ 1,984	Discounted appraised value	Discount for selling costs	5%-15% (Average 8%)

Carrying value and estimated fair value for financial instruments

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at December 31, 2018
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,912	$	10,912	$	-	$	-	$	10,912
Securities		8,412		-		8,412		-		8,412
Loans held for sale		55,910		-		55,910		-		55,910
Loans held for investment, net		633,559		-		-		613,717		613,717
Interest receivable		2,078		-		2,078		-		2,078
Bank owned life insurance		19,464		-		19,464		-		19,464
Total	$	730,335	$	10,912	$	85,864	$	613,717	$	710,493
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	591,325	$	-	$	441,319	$	153,848	$	595,167
Short-term debt		40,116		-		40,116		-		40,116
Long-term debt		40,218		-		-		39,609		39,609
Interest payable		348		-		348		-		348
Total	$	672,007	$	-	$	481,783	$	193,457	$	675,240

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at December 31, 2017
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,907	$	11,907	$	-	$	-	$	11,907
Securities		28,740		19,998		8,742		-		28,740
Loans held for sale		39,775		-		39,775		-		39,775
Loans held for investment, net		610,930		-		-		646,703		646,703
Interest receivable		2,007		-		2,007		-		2,007
Bank owned life insurance		13,950		-		13,950		-		13,950
Total	$	707,309	$	31,905	$	64,474	$	646,703	$	743,082
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	569,177	$	-	$	403,907	$	167,210	$	571,117
Short-term debt		25,296		-		25,296		-		25,296
Long-term debt		49,733		-		-		49,869		49, 869
Interest payable		260		-		260		-		260
Total	$	644,466	$	-	$	429,463	$	217,079	$	646,542

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21. REGULATORY MATTERS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Regulatory Matters Tables

Actual capital ratios for the bank

	Actual					Minimum Capital Requirement					Minimum to be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
December 31, 2018	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total risk-based ratio	$	95,597		14.44	%	$	52,955		8.00	%	$	66,194		10.00	%
Tier 1 risk-based ratio		90,357		13.65	%		39,717		6.00	%		52,955		8.00	%
Common equity tier 1		90,357		13.65	%		29,787		4.50	%		43,026		6.50	%
Total assets leverage ratio		90,357		11.79	%		30,659		4.00	%		38,324		5.00	%

	Actual					Minimum Capital Requirement					Minimum to be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
December 31, 2017	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Total risk-based ratio	$	95,563		15.41	%	$	49,614		8.00	%	$	62,018		10.00	%
Tier 1 risk-based ratio		89,519		14.43	%		37,211		6.00	%		49,614		8.00	%
Common equity tier 1		89,519		14.43	%		27,908		4.50	%		40,312		6.50	%
Total assets leverage ratio		89,519		12.07	%		29,656		4.00	%		37,070		5.00	%

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22. BUSINESS SEGMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure 22.Business Segments Tables Abstract

Schedule of business segments

	December 31, 2018
	F&M Bank		F&M Mortgage		TEB Life/FMFS		VSTitle		Parent Only			Eliminations			F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
Revenues:
Interest Income	$	36,550	$	139	$	144	$	-	$	-		$	(125	)	$	36,708
Service charges on deposits		1,496		-		-		-		-			-			1,496
Investment services and insurance income		-		-		918		-		-			(19	)		899
Mortgage banking income, net		-		2,348		-		-		-			(36	)		2,312
Title insurance income		-		-		-		1,294		-			-			1,294
Other operating income		2,002		-		-		-		-			-			2,002
Total income		40,048		2,487		1,062		1,294		-			(180	)		44,711
Expenses:
Interest Expense		4,839		118		-		-		-			(125	)		4,832
Provision for loan losses		2,930		-		-		-		-			-			2,930
Salaries and benefits		13,153		1,783		578		922		-			-			16,436
Other operating expenses		9,448		553		57		220		49			(19	)		10,308
Total expense		30,370		2,454		635		1,142		49			(144	)		34,506
Income before income taxes		9,678		33		427		152		(49	)		(36	)		10,205
Income tax expense (benefit)		1,021		-		57		-		32			-			1,110
Net income	$	8,657	$	33	$	370	$	152	$	(81	)	$	(36	)	$	9,095
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		-		10		-		36		-			(36	)		10
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	$	8,657	$	23	$	370	$	116	$	(81	)	$	-		$	9,085
Total Assets	$	782,782	$	7,449	$	7,237	$	458	$	91,582		$	(109,255	)	$	780,253
Goodwill	$	2,670	$	48	$	-	$	2	$	164		$	-		$	2,884

	December 31, 2017
	F&M Bank		F&M Mortgage			TEB Life/FMFS			VSTitle		Parent Only			Eliminations			F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
Revenues:
Interest Income	$	33,904	$	125		$	148		$	-	$	-		$	(82	)	$	34,095
Service charges on deposits		1,360		-			-			-		-			-			1,360
Investment services and insurance income		1		-			772			-		-			(18	)		755
Mortgage banking income, net		-		2,269			-			-		-			(49	)		2,220
Title insurance income		-		-			-			1,162		-			-			1,162
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt		504		-			-			-		-			-			504
Loss on investments		-		(40	)		(2	)		-		-			-			(42	)
Other operating income		2,128		1			-			-		162			(358	)		1,933
Total income		37,897		2,355			918			1,162		162			(507	)		41,987
Expenses:
Interest Expense		3,904		75			-			-		-			(82	)		3,897
Provision for loan losses		-		-			-			-		-			-			-
Salaries and benefits		12,092		1,557			474			731		-			-			14,854
Other operating expenses		8,942		618			51			226		46			(18	)		9,865
Total expense		24,938		2,250			525			957		46			(100	)		28,616
Income before income taxes		12,959		105			393			205		116			(407	)		13,371
Income tax expense (benefit)		4,316		-			109			-		(95	)		-			4,330
Net income	$	8,643	$	105		$	284		$	205	$	211		$	(407	)	$	9,041
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		-		31			-			49		-			(49	)		31
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	$	8,643	$	74		$	284		$	156	$	211		$	(358	)	$	9,010
Total Assets	$	754,375	$	7,018		$	6,749		$	1,067	$	90,964		$	(106,903	)	$	753,270
Goodwill	$	2,670	$	47		$	-		$	-	$	164		$	-		$	2,881

	December 31, 2016
		F&M Bank		VBS Mortgage		TEB Life/FMFS		Parent Only			Eliminations			F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
Revenues:
Interest Income		$	31,949	$	55	$	152	$	-		$	(6	)	$	32,150
Service charges on deposits			1,174		-		-		-			-			1,174
Investment services and insurance income			1		-		470		-			(30	)		441
Mortgage banking income, net			-		2,565		-		-			-			2,565
Other operating income			2,353		-		-		-			(951	)		1,402
Total income			35,477		2,620		622		-			(987	)		37,732
Expenses:
Interest Expense			3,605		-		-		-			(6	)		3,599
Provision for loan losses			-		-		-		-			-			-
Salaries and benefits			11,123		1,387		290		-			-			12,800
Other operating expenses			8,139		586		66		1			(320	)		8,472
Total expense			22,867		1,973		356		1			(326	)		24,871
Income before income taxes			12,610		647		266		(1	)		(661	)		12,861
Income tax expense (benefit)			3,290		-		58		(249	)		-			3,099
Net income		$	9,320	$	647	$	208	$	248		$	(661	)	$	9,762
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest			-		194		-		-			-			194
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.		$	9,320	$	453	$	208	$	248		$	(661	)	$	9,568
Total Assets		$	748,273	$	7,487	$	6,476	$	87,449		$	(104,796	)	$	744,889
Goodwill		$	2,670	$	-	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	2,670

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23. PARENT CORPORATION ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tables) - Parent [Member]

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Balance Sheets

Balance Sheets

December 31, 2018 and 2017

	2018			2017
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	749		$	917
Investment in subsidiaries		89,418			88,967
Other investments		135			135
Income tax receivable (including due from subsidiary)		946			565
Goodwill and intangibles		327			380
Total Assets	$	91,575		$	90,964
Liabilities
Deferred income taxes		151			177
Accrued expenses		72			86
Total Liabilities	$	223		$	263
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock par value $25 per share, 400,000 shares authorized, 249,860 and 324,150 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.	$	5,672		$	7,529
Common stock par value $5 per share, 6,000,000 shares authorized, 3,213,132 and 3,255,036 shares issued and outstanding for 2018 and 2017, respectively		16,066			16,275
Additional paid in capital		7,987			10,225
Retained earnings		65,596			60,814
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(3,969	)		(4,142	)
Total Stockholders' Equity		91,352			90,701
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	91,575		$	90,964

Statements of Income

Statements of Income

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

	2018		2017			2016
Income
Dividends from affiliate	$	8,874	$	5,000		$	5,000
Net limited partnership income (loss)		-		162			-
Total Income		8,874		5,162			5,000
Expenses
Total Expenses		49		47			1
Net income before income tax expense (benefit)
and undistributed subsidiary net income		8,825		5,115			4,999
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)		32		(95	)		(249	)
Income before undistributed subsidiary net income		8,793		5,210			5,248
Undistributed subsidiary net income		292		3,800			4,320
Net Income F&M Bank Corp.	$	9,085	$	9,010		$	9,568

Statements of Cash Flows

Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

	2018			2017			2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	9,085		$	9,010		$	9,568
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
cash provided by operating activities:
Undistributed subsidiary income		(292	)		(3,800	)		(4,320	)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense		(3	)		(112	)		5
Increase in other assets		(328	)		(1,256	)		-
Decrease in other liabilities		(23	)		(77	)		(535	)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		8,439			3,765			4,718
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities		-			-			-
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Repurchase of preferred stock		(2,788	)		(101	)		(1,961	)
Repurchase of common stock		(1,782	)		(712	)		(577	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		266			197			183
Dividends paid in cash		(4,303	)		(3,387	)		(3,115	)
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities		(8,607	)		(4,003	)		(5,470	)
Net (decrease) increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents		(168	)		(238	)		(752	)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year		917			1,155			1,907
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year	$	749		$	917		$	1,155

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26. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure 24.Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Tables Abstract

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

dollars in thousands	Unrealized Securities Gains (Losses)			Adjustments Related to Pension Plan			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at December 31, 2015		4			(2,684	)		(2,680	)
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax		2			-			2
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax		-			(487	)		(487	)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	6		$	(3,171	)	$	(3,165	)
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax		(26	)		-			(26	)
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax		-			(951	)		(951	)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(20	)	$	(4,122	)	$	(4,142	)
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax		(74	)		-			(74	)
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax		-			247			247
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(94	)	$	(3,875	)	$	(3,969	)

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27. REVENUE RECOGNITION (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Revenue Recognition [Abstract]

Summary of noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Noninterest Income
In-scope of Topic 606:
Service Charges on Deposits	$	1,496	$	1,359	$	1,174
Investment Services and Insurance Income		901		755		441
Title Insurance Income		1,293		1,161		2,565
ATM and check card fees		1,537		1,387		-
Other		525		490		-
Noninterest Income (in-scope of Topic 606)		5,752		5,153		4,180
Noninterest Income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)		2,251		2,739		1,402
Total Noninterest Income	$	8,003	$	7,892	$	5,582

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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Premises and Improvements [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	10 years
Premises and Improvements [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	40 years
Furniture and Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	5 years
Furniture and Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Estimated Useful Lives	20 years

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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Available to Common Stockholders:
Net income	$ 9,095	$ 9,041	$ 9,762
Minority interest	(10)	31	194
Preferred stock dividends	413	415	487
Net income available to common stockolders	$ 8,672	$ 8,595	$ 9,081

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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details 2) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basic EPS, income	$ 8,672	$ 8,595	$ 9,081
Basic EPS, shares	3,238,177	3,269,713	3,282,335
Basic EPS, per share amounts	$ 2.68	$ 2.63	$ 2.77
Effect of dilutive securities convertible preferred stock, income	$ 413	$ 415	$ 487
Effect of dilutive securities convertible preferred stock, shares	357,841	362,271	434,256
Effect of dilutive securities convertible preferred stock, per share amounts	$ (.15)	$ (0.15)	$ (0.20)
Diluted EPS, net income	$ 9,085	$ 9,010	$ 9,568
Diluted EPS, shares	3,596,017	3,631,984	3,716,591
Diluted EPS, per share amounts	$ 2.53	$ 2.48	$ 2.57

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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Details Narrative
Loans held for sale	$ 55,910	$ 39,775
TDR loans	8,030	7,800
Advertising costs	$ 622	$ 509	$ 604

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4. SECURITIES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Available-for-Sale Securities
Amortized cost		$ 8,408	$ 28,640
Gross unrealized gains		0	9
Gross unrealized losses		119	25
Fair value		8,289	28,615
Mortgage Backed Obligations of Federal Agencies [Member]
Available-for-Sale Securities
Amortized cost		409	508
Gross unrealized gains		0	0
Gross unrealized losses		6	6
Fair value		403	502
U. S. Treasuries [Member]
Available-for-Sale Securities
Amortized cost			19,998
Gross unrealized gains			0
Gross unrealized losses			0
Fair value			19,998
Held-to-Maturity Securities
Amortized cost - held-to-maturity		123	125
Gross unrealized gains		0	0
Gross unrealized losses		0	0
Fair value - held-to-maturity		123	125
Government sponsored enterprises [Member]
Available-for-Sale Securities
Amortized cost		7,999	7,999
Gross unrealized gains		0	0
Gross unrealized losses		113	19
Fair value		$ 7,886	7,980
Equity securities [Member]
Available-for-Sale Securities
Amortized cost	[1]		135
Gross unrealized gains	[1]		0
Gross unrealized losses	[1]		0
Fair value	[1]		$ 135

[1] Transferred to other investments on January 1, 2018 upon adoption of ASU 2016-01.

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4. SECURITIES (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Total, amortized cost	$ 123	$ 125
Securities Held to Maturity [Member]
Due in one year or less, amortized cost	0
Due after one year through five years, amortized cost	123
Due after five years through ten years, amortized cost	0
Due after ten years, amortized cost	0
Total, amortized cost	123
Due in one year or less, fair value	0
Due after one year through five years, fair value	123
Due after five years through ten years, fair value	0
Due after ten years, fair value	0
Total, fair value	123
Securities Available for Sale [Member]
Due in one year or less, amortized cost	0
Due after one year through five years, amortized cost	7,999
Due after five years through ten years, amortized cost	409
Due after ten years, amortized cost	0
Total, amortized cost	8,408
Due in one year or less, fair value	0
Due after one year through five years, fair value	7,866
Due after five years through ten years, fair value	403
Due after ten years, fair value	0
Total, fair value	$ 8,289

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4. SECURITIES (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair value less than 12 months	$ 0	$ 4,483
Unrealized losses less than 12 months	0	(25)
Fair value more than 12 months	8,289	0
Unrealized losses more than 12 months	(119)	0
Fair value total	8,289	4,483
Unrealized losses total	(119)	(25)
Government sponsored enterprises [Member]
Fair value less than 12 months	0	3,981
Unrealized losses less than 12 months	0	(19)
Fair value more than 12 months	7,886	0
Unrealized losses more than 12 months	(113)	0
Fair value total	7,886	3,981
Unrealized losses total	(113)	(19)
Mortgage-back Securities [Member]
Fair value less than 12 months	0	502
Unrealized losses less than 12 months	0	(6)
Fair value more than 12 months	403	0
Unrealized losses more than 12 months	(6)	0
Fair value total	403	502
Unrealized losses total	$ (6)	$ (6)

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5. LOANS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Loans held for investment	$ 638,799	$ 616,974
Construction/Land Development [Member]
Loans held for investment	61,659	71,620
Farmland [Member]
Loans held for investment	17,030	13,606
Real Estate [Member]
Loans held for investment	192,278	184,546
Multi-Family [Member]
Loans held for investment	9,665	10,298
Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Loans held for investment	147,342	148,906
Home Equity - Closed End [Member]
Loans held for investment	11,039	11,606
Home Equity - Open End [Member]
Loans held for investment	53,197	54,739
Commercial and Industrial Non-Real Estate [Member]
Loans held for investment	36,021	36,912
Consumer [Member]
Loans held for investment	9,861	6,633
Dealer Finance [Member]
Loans held for investment	97,523	75,169
Credit Cards [Member]
Loans held for investment	$ 3,184	$ 2,939

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5. LOANS (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	$ 12,495	$ 13,877
Unpaid principal balance	12,495	15,141
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	9,423	9,955
Interest income recognized	558	548
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	4,935	6,233
Unpaid principal balance	6,995	6,233
Related allowance	1,646	1,882
Average recorded investment	11,289	7,161
Interest income recognized	129	310
Impaired loans valuation allowance
Recorded investment	17,430	20,110
Unpaid principal balance	19,490	21,374
Related allowance	1,646	1,882
Average recorded investment	20,712	17,116
Interest income recognized	687	858
Construction/Land Development [Member]
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	2,414	4,352
Unpaid principal balance	2,414	5,269
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	3,586	4,969
Interest income recognized	89	382
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	4,311	4,998
Unpaid principal balance	4,871	4,998
Related allowance	1,627	1,661
Average recorded investment	6,352	5,911
Interest income recognized	91	258
Farmland [Member]
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	1,941	1,984
Unpaid principal balance	1,941	1,984
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	1,963	1,921
Interest income recognized	80	62
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	0	0
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	0
Interest income recognized	0	0
Real Estate [Member]
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	1,932	1,273
Unpaid principal balance	1,932	1,273
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	1,542	878
Interest income recognized	98	57
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	422	1,188
Unpaid principal balance	422	1,188
Related allowance	7	209
Average recorded investment	554	1,194
Interest income recognized	23	49
Multi-Family [Member]
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	0	0
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	0
Interest income recognized	0	0
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	0	0
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	0
Interest income recognized	0	0
Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	6,176	6,229
Unpaid principal balance	6,176	6,229
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	2,304	1,682
Interest income recognized	286	44
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	1,500	0
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	4,167	0
Interest income recognized	0	0
Home Equity - Closed End [Member]
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	0	0
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	0
Interest income recognized	0	0
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	0	0
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	0
Interest income recognized	0	0
Home Equity - Open End [Member]
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	0	347
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	347
Interest income recognized	0	0
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	0	0
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	0
Interest income recognized	0	0
Commercial and Industrial Non-Real Estate [Member]
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	0	0
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	124
Interest income recognized	0	0
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	0	0
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	0
Interest income recognized	0	0
Consumer [Member]
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	8
Unpaid principal balance	0	8
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	10
Interest income recognized	0	0
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	8	0
Unpaid principal balance	8	0
Related allowance	2	0
Average recorded investment	10	0
Interest income recognized	1	0
Credit Cards [Member]
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	0	0
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	0
Interest income recognized	0	0
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	0	0
Unpaid principal balance	0	0
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	0	0
Interest income recognized	0	0
Dealer Finance [Member]
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	32	31
Unpaid principal balance	32	31
Related allowance	0	0
Average recorded investment	28	24
Interest income recognized	5	3
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
Recorded investment	194	47
Unpaid principal balance	194	47
Related allowance	10	12
Average recorded investment	206	56
Interest income recognized	$ 14	$ 3

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5. LOANS (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
30-59 days past due	$ 6,933	$ 5,683
60-89 days past due	1,433	7,904
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	9,089	5,521
Total past due	17,455	19,108
Current	621,344	597,866
Total loans receivable	638,799	616,974
Non-accrual loans	9,405	6,904
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	800	198
Construction/Land Development [Member]
30-59 days past due	290	167
60-89 days past due	0	5,459
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	1,767	3,908
Total past due	2,057	9,534
Current	59,602	62,086
Total loans receivable	61,659	71,620
Non-accrual loans	2,327	3,908
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	0	0
Farmland [Member]
30-59 days past due	0	0
60-89 days past due	0	0
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	0	0
Total past due	0	0
Current	17,030	13,606
Total loans receivable	17,030	13,606
Non-accrual loans	0	0
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	0	0
Real Estate [Member]
30-59 days past due	3,074	2,858
60-89 days past due	677	1,954
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	1,729	560
Total past due	5,480	5,372
Current	186,798	179,174
Total loans receivable	192,278	184,546
Non-accrual loans	1,477	1,720
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	726	143
Multi-Family [Member]
30-59 days past due	0	179
60-89 days past due	0	0
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	0	0
Total past due	0	179
Current	9,665	10,119
Total loans receivable	9,665	10,298
Non-accrual loans	0	0
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	0	0
Commercial Real Estate [Member]
30-59 days past due	479	544
60-89 days past due	189	0
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	5,073	0
Total past due	5,741	544
Current	141,601	148,362
Total loans receivable	147,342	148,906
Non-accrual loans	5,074	0
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	0	0
Home Equity - Closed End [Member]
30-59 days past due	0	0
60-89 days past due	0	25
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	12	0
Total past due	12	25
Current	11,027	11,581
Total loans receivable	11,039	11,606
Non-accrual loans	0	3
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	12	0
Home Equity - Open End [Member]
30-59 days past due	148	454
60-89 days past due	171	165
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	320	268
Total past due	639	887
Current	52,558	53,852
Total loans receivable	53,197	54,739
Non-accrual loans	269	448
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	51	0
Commercial and Industrial Non-Real Estate [Member]
30-59 days past due	40	108
60-89 days past due	22	36
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	80	595
Total past due	142	739
Current	35,879	36,173
Total loans receivable	36,021	36,912
Non-accrual loans	98	599
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	0	0
Consumer [Member]
30-59 days past due	89	43
60-89 days past due	26	5
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	3	0
Total past due	118	48
Current	9,743	6,585
Total loans receivable	9,861	6,633
Non-accrual loans	5	0
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	2	0
Dealer Finance [Member]
30-59 days past due	2,763	1,300
60-89 days past due	337	252
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	96	189
Total past due	3,196	1,741
Current	94,327	73,428
Total loans receivable	97,523	75,169
Non-accrual loans	155	226
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	9	54
Credit Cards [Member]
30-59 days past due	50	30
60-89 days past due	11	8
Greater than 90 days (excluding non-accrual)	9	1
Total past due	70	39
Current	3,114	2,900
Total loans receivable	3,184	2,939
Non-accrual loans	0	0
Recorded investment greater than 90 days and accruing	$ 0	$ 1

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5. LOANS (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Loans
Pledged loans	$ 186,673	$ 218,323
Loans held for sale	$ 55,910	$ 39,775

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6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Beginning balance	$ 6,044	$ 7,543
Charge-offs	4,920	2,872
Recoveries	1,186	1,373
Provision for loan losses	2,930	0
Ending balance	5,240	6,044
Individually evaluated for impairment	1,646	1,882
Collectively evaluated for impairment	3,594	4,162
Construction/Land Development [Member]
Beginning balance	2,547	3,381
Charge-offs	489	620
Recoveries	122	0
Provision for loan losses	(86)	(214)
Ending balance	2,094	2,547
Individually evaluated for impairment	1,627	1,661
Collectively evaluated for impairment	467	886
Farmland [Member]
Beginning balance	25	34
Charge-offs	0	0
Recoveries	0	0
Provision for loan losses	(10)	(9)
Ending balance	15	25
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	15	25
Real Estate [Member]
Beginning balance	719	843
Charge-offs	99	0
Recoveries	12	2
Provision for loan losses	(340)	(126)
Ending balance	292	719
Individually evaluated for impairment	7	209
Collectively evaluated for impairment	285	510
Multi-Family [Member]
Beginning balance	19	23
Charge-offs	0	0
Recoveries	0	0
Provision for loan losses	(9)	(6)
Ending balance	10	19
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	10	19
Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Beginning balance	482	705
Charge-offs	1,546	0
Recoveries	1	13
Provision for loan losses	1,479	(236)
Ending balance	416	482
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	416	482
Home Equity - Closed End [Member]
Beginning balance	66	75
Charge-offs	3	7
Recoveries	4	25
Provision for loan losses	(54)	(27)
Ending balance	13	66
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	13	66
Home Equity - Open End [Member]
Beginning balance	209	470
Charge-offs	0	26
Recoveries	8	53
Provision for loan losses	(91)	(288)
Ending balance	126	209
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	126	209
Commercial and Industrial Non-Real Estate [Member]
Beginning balance	337	586
Charge-offs	573	179
Recoveries	91	72
Provision for loan losses	337	(142)
Ending balance	192	337
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	192	337
Consumer [Member]
Beginning balance	148	78
Charge-offs	51	136
Recoveries	41	28
Provision for loan losses	(68)	178
Ending balance	70	148
Individually evaluated for impairment	2	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	68	148
Dealer Finance [Member]
Beginning balance	1,440	1,289
Charge-offs	2,083	1,806
Recoveries	861	1,143
Provision for loan losses	1,756	814
Ending balance	1,974	1,440
Individually evaluated for impairment	10	12
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,964	1,428
Credit Cards [Member]
Beginning balance	52	59
Charge-offs	76	98
Recoveries	46	37
Provision for loan losses	16	54
Ending balance	38	52
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$ 38	$ 52

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6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Loan receivable	$ 638,799	$ 616,974
Individually evaluated for impairment	17,430	20,110
Collectively evaluated for impairment	621,369	596,864
Construction/Land Development [Member]
Loan receivable	61,659	71,620
Individually evaluated for impairment	6,725	9,350
Collectively evaluated for impairment	54,934	62,270
Farmland [Member]
Loan receivable	17,030	13,606
Individually evaluated for impairment	1,941	1,984
Collectively evaluated for impairment	15,089	11,622
Real Estate [Member]
Loan receivable	192,278	184,546
Individually evaluated for impairment	2,354	2,461
Collectively evaluated for impairment	189,924	182,085
Multi-Family [Member]
Loan receivable	9,665	10,298
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	9,665	10,298
Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Loan receivable	147,342	148,906
Individually evaluated for impairment	6,176	6,229
Collectively evaluated for impairment	141,166	142,677
Home Equity - Closed End [Member]
Loan receivable	11,039	11,606
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	11,039	11,606
Home Equity - Open End [Member]
Loan receivable	53,197	54,739
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	53,197	54,739
Commercial and Industrial Non-Real Estate [Member]
Loan receivable	36,021	36,912
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	36,021	36,912
Consumer [Member]
Loan receivable	9,861	6,633
Individually evaluated for impairment	8	8
Collectively evaluated for impairment	9,853	6,625
Dealer Finance [Member]
Loan receivable	97,523	75,169
Individually evaluated for impairment	226	78
Collectively evaluated for impairment	97,297	75,091
Credit Cards [Member]
Loan receivable	3,184	2,939
Individually evaluated for impairment	0	0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$ 3,184	$ 2,939

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6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Construction/Land Development	$ 61,659	$ 71,620
Farmland	17,030	13,606
Real Estate	192,278	184,546
Multi-Family	9,665	10,298
Commercial Real Estate	147,342	148,906
Home Equity - closed end	11,039	11,606
Home Equity - open end	53,197	54,739
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)	36,021	36,912
Consumer (excluding dealer)	9,861	6,633
Total	538,092	538,866
Grade 1 Minimal Risk [Member]
Construction/Land Development	0	0
Farmland	62	63
Real Estate	0	0
Multi-Family	0	0
Commercial Real Estate	0	0
Home Equity - closed end	0	0
Home Equity - open end	60	235
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)	193	262
Consumer (excluding dealer)	27	34
Total	342	594
Grade 2 Modest Risk [Member]
Construction/Land Development	1,148	690
Farmland	0	0
Real Estate	1,644	1,512
Multi-Family		228
Commercial Real Estate	2,437	3,525
Home Equity - closed end	31	0
Home Equity - open end	1,554	1,598
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)	2,291	1,595
Consumer (excluding dealer)	190	490
Total	9,295	9,638
Grade 3 Average Risk [Member]
Construction/Land Development	15,857	12,974
Farmland	4,953	3,153
Real Estate	55,429	53,764
Multi-Family	2,895	4,780
Commercial Real Estate	44,065	45,384
Home Equity - closed end	3,245	3,535
Home Equity - open end	19,464	17,383
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)	17,144	13,297
Consumer (excluding dealer)	2,648	2,226
Total	165,700	156,496
Grade 4 Acceptable Risk [Member]
Construction/Land Development	29,301	30,197
Farmland	6,376	4,120
Real Estate	106,387	101,606
Multi-Family	6,604	5,111
Commercial Real Estate	81,916	89,195
Home Equity - closed end	5,842	5,410
Home Equity - open end	27,347	30,888
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)	13,254	19,442
Consumer (excluding dealer)	5,192	88
Total	282,219	286,057
Grade 5 Marginally Acceptable [Member]
Construction/Land Development	9,353	9,165
Farmland	3,205	3,793
Real Estate	22,679	19,734
Multi-Family	166	179
Commercial Real Estate	11,564	9,012
Home Equity - closed end	1,909	1,279
Home Equity - open end	4,157	3,945
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)	2,704	1,480
Consumer (excluding dealer)	1,800	1,065
Total	57,537	49,652
Grade 6 Watch [Member]
Construction/Land Development	0	3,520
Farmland	493	494
Real Estate	1,531	4,660
Multi-Family	0	0
Commercial Real Estate	2,286	634
Home Equity - closed end	0	1,379
Home Equity - open end	223	176
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)	337	207
Consumer (excluding dealer)	0	2,254
Total	4,870	13,324
Grade 7 Substandard [Member]
Construction/Land Development	6,000	15,074
Farmland	1,941	1,983
Real Estate	4,608	3,270
Multi-Family	0	0
Commercial Real Estate	5,074	1,156
Home Equity - closed end	12	3
Home Equity - open end	392	514
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)	98	629
Consumer (excluding dealer)	4	476
Total	18,129	23,105
Grade 8 Doubtful [Member]
Construction/Land Development	0	0
Farmland	0	0
Real Estate	0	0
Multi-Family	0	0
Commercial Real Estate	0	0
Home Equity - closed end	0	0
Home Equity - open end	0	0
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)	0	0
Consumer (excluding dealer)	0	0
Total	$ 0	$ 0

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6. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Credit cards	$ 3,184	$ 2,939
Consumer	97,523	75,169
Performing Financing Receivable [Member]
Credit cards	3,175	2,938
Consumer	97,368	75,116
Nonperforming Financing Receivable [Member]
Credit cards	9	1
Consumer	$ 155	$ 53

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7. TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURING (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) Integer	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) Integer
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Number of contracts | Integer	21	3
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 2,173	$ 32
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 2,173	$ 32
Past Due Troubled Debt Restructurings
Number of contracts | Integer	5	3
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 154	$ 1,569
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 154	$ 1,569
Real Estate [Member]
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Number of contracts | Integer	1
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 742
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 742
Past Due Troubled Debt Restructurings
Number of contracts | Integer	2	1
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 142	$ 67
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 142	$ 67
Construction/Land Development [Member]
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Number of contracts | Integer	2
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 1,248
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 1,248
Past Due Troubled Debt Restructurings
Number of contracts | Integer		2
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment		$ 1,502
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment		$ 1,502
Consumer [Member]
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Number of contracts | Integer	18	3
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 183	$ 32
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 183	$ 32
Past Due Troubled Debt Restructurings
Number of contracts | Integer	3
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 12
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment	$ 12

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8. BANK PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements
Land	$ 3,887	$ 3,883
Buildings and improvements	14,370	12,384
Furniture and equipment	10,438	9,454
Gross	28,695	25,721
Less - accumulated depreciation	(10,929)	(9,827)
Net	$ 17,766	$ 15,894

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8. BANK PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements
Provisions for depreciation	$ 1,137	$ 930	$ 827

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9. OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Other Real Estate Owned Details
Beginning balance	$ 1,984	$ 2,076
Loans transferred to OREO	600	231
Capital improvements	0	2
Sale of OREO	(132)	(281)
Write down of OREO or losses on sale	(9)	(44)
Ending balance	$ 2,443	$ 1,984

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9. OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Other Real Estate Owned
Beginning balance	$ 885	$ 885
Provision (recoveries) charged/(credited) to expense	(23)	0
Reductions from sales of real estate owned	(1)	0
Ending balance	$ 861	$ 885

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9. OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Other Real Estate Owned
Net loss (gain) on sales	$ 9	$ 44	$ 19
Gain on foreclosure	(94)	0	0
Provision/(recoveries) for unrealized losses	(10)	0	0
Operating expenses, net of rental income	64	32	67
(Income) expenses related to foreclosed assets	$ (31)	$ 76	$ 86

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9. OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED (Details Narrative) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Other Real Estate Owned Details Narrative Abstract
Foreclosed residential real estate properties	$ 375

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10. DEPOSITS (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Banking and Thrift [Abstract]
2019	$ 62,999
2020	50,775
2021	23,990
2022	7,174
2023 and after	10,928
Total	$ 155,866

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10. DEPOSITS (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Deposits
Insurance limit	$ 250	$ 250
Time deposits	$ 13,464	$ 13,637

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11. SHORT-TERM DEBT (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Outstanding at year end	$ 40,116	$ 25,296
Average balance outstanding	$ 24,336	$ 20,398
Year end interest rate	1.87%	0.31%
Federal funds purchased [Member]
Maximum outstanding at any month end	$ 11,906	$ 8,964
Outstanding at year end	10,116	5,296
Average balance outstanding	$ 1,399	$ 97
Year end interest rate	2.51%	0.17%
FHLB short term [Member]
Maximum outstanding at any month end	$ 46,000	$ 50,000
Outstanding at year end	30,000	20,000
Average balance outstanding	$ 22,937	$ 20,301
Year end interest rate	1.83%	0.30%

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12. LONG-TERM DEBT (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2019	$ 6,928
2020	14,429
2021	5,929
2022	2,714
2023	7,000
Thereafter	3,125
Total	$ 40,125

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12.LONG-TERM DEBT (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Weighted average interest	1.96%	1.86%
Balance of obligations	$ 40,125	$ 49,554
Minimum [Member]
Long-term debt interest rate	1.27%
Maximum [Member]
Long-term debt interest rate	2.56%

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13. INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Current expense	$ 1,155	$ 3,671	$ 3,046
Deferred expense (benefit)	(55)	(152)	53
Adjustments to deferred tax asset due to change in federal tax rate	0	811	0
Total deferred (benefit) expense	(55)	659	53
Total income tax expense	$ 1,110	$ 4,330	$ 3,099

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13. INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred Tax Assets:
Allowance for loan losses	$ 1,096	$ 1,265
Split dollar life insurance	3	3
Nonqualified deferred compensation	564	546
Low income housing partnerships losses	279	203
Core deposit amortization	13	108
Other real estate owned	173	173
Net unrealized loss on securities available for sale	25	5
Unfunded pension benefit obligation	1,030	1,096
Total Assets	3,183	3,399
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Unearned low income housing credits	158	180
Depreciation	403	340
Prepaid pension	849	1,010
Goodwill tax amortization	564	559
Total liabilities	1,974	2,089
Net deferred tax asset (included in other assets on Balance Sheet)	$ 1,209	$ 1,310

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13. INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Tax expense at federal statutory rates	$ 2,104	$ 4,511	$ 4,307
Increases (decreases) in taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	0	0	6
Partially tax-exempt income	(49)	(59)	(41)
Tax-exempt income	(146)	(212)	(217)
LIH and historic credits	(774)	(633)	(896)
Deferred tax asset rate change	0	811	0
Other	(25)	(88)	(60)
Total income tax expense	$ 1,110	$ 4,330	$ 3,099

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14. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation, beginning	$ 15,103	$ 12,475	$ 10,944
Service cost	768	696	632
Interest cost	496	487	453
Actuarial (gain) loss	(1,562)	1,620	872
Benefits paid	(587)	(175)	(426)
Benefit obligation, ending	14,219	15,103	12,475
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets, beginning	13,645	12,032	11,678
Actual return on plan assets	(613)	1,788	780
Employer contribution	0	0	0
Benefits paid	(587)	(175)	(426)
Fair value of plan assets, ending	12,445	13,645	12,032
Funded status at the end of the year	$ (1,774)	$ (1,458)	$ (443)

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14. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Amount recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Prepaid benefit cost	$ 3,131	$ 3,760	$ 4,361
Unfunded pension benefit obligation under ASC 325-960	(4,905)	(5,218)	(4,804)
Deferred taxes	1,030	1,096	1,633
Amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Net loss	(4,932)	(5,260)	(4,861)
Prior service cost	27	42	57
Amount recognized	(4,905)	(5,218)	(4,804)
Deferred taxes	1,030	1,096	1,633
Amount recognized in accumulated comprehensive income	(3,875)	(4,122)	(3,171)
Prepaid benefit detail
Benefit obligation	(14,219)	(15,103)	(12,475)
Fair value of assets	12,445	13,645	12,032
Unrecognized net actuarial loss	4,932	5,260	4,861
Unrecognized prior service cost	(27)	(42)	(57)
Prepaid (accrued) benefits	3,131	3,760	4,361
Components of net periodic benefit cost Comprehensive income (loss)
Service cost	768	696	632
Interest cost	496	487	453
Expected return on plan assets	(923)	(851)	(854)
Amortization of prior service cost	(15)	(15)	(15)
Recognized net actuarial loss	303	284	223
Net periodic benefit cost	629	601	438
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
Net loss	(328)	399	724
Amortization of prior service cost	15	15	15
Total recognized in other comprehensive income	(313)	414	739
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other	316	1,015	1,177
Additional disclosure information
Accumulated benefit obligation	10,992	10,760	8,789
Vested benefit obligation	$ 10,983	$ 10,750	$ 8,780
Discount rate used for net pension cost	3.50%	4.00%	4.25%
Discount rate used for disclosure	4.25%	3.50%	4.00%
Expected return on plan assets	7.25%	7.25%	7.50%
Rate of compensation increase	3.00%	3.00%	3.00%
Average remaining service (years)	12 years	12 years	13 years

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14. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (Details 2) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Notes to Financial Statements
2019	$ 2,685
2020	604
2021	394
2022	1,542
2023	894
2024-2028	7,483
Total	$ 13,602

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14. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Pension contributions	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Shares held by ESOP	203,147	194,018
Contributions under employee benefit plan - 401K Plan	$ 283	$ 263	242
ESOP contributions	443	430	407
Deferred Compensation Plan [Member]
Contributions to employee benefit plan - deferred compensation plan	$ 125	$ 125	$ 125

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15. CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Concentrations Of Credit Details Narrative
Cash deposits in other commercial banks	$ 2,195	$ 1,798

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16. COMMITMENTS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments Details
Commitments to extend credit	$ 169,863	$ 170,798
Standby letters of credit	$ 2,119	$ 1,533

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16. COMMITMENTS (Details 1) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Operating Leases
2019	$ 155
2020	128
2021	110
2022	105
2023	93
Thereafter	$ 114

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16. COMMITMENTS (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Commitments Details Narrative
Lease expense	$ 249	$ 355	$ 291

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17. ON BALANCE SHEET DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
On Balance Sheet Derivative Instruments And Hedging Activities Details
Notional amount	$ 184	$ 184
Fair market value of contracts	$ 44	$ 59

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18. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Transactions With Related Parties Details
Total loans, beginning of year	$ 20,377	$ 7,486
New loans	5,785	6,803
Relationship change	169	10,403
Repayments	(5,766)	(4,315)
Total loans, end of year	$ 20,565	$ 20,377

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18. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Transactions With Related Parties
Deposits of executive officers, directors and their affiliates	$ 4,110	$ 7,757

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19. DIVIDEND LIMITATIONS ON SUBSIDIARY BANK (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Dividend Limitations On Subsidiary Bank Details Narrative
Dividends paid	$ 8,874	$ 5,000	$ 5,000

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20. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
U. S. Treasuries			$ 19,998
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises		$ 7,886	7,980
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		403	502
Equity securities	[1]		135
Total securities available for sale		8,289	28,615
Derivatives		44	59
Fair Value Inputs Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
U. S. Treasuries			19,998
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises		0	0
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		0	0
Equity securities	[1]		0
Total securities available for sale		0	19,998
Derivatives		0	0
Fair Value Inputs Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
U. S. Treasuries			0
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises		7,886	7,980
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		403	502
Equity securities	[1]		135
Total securities available for sale		8,289	8,617
Derivatives		44	59
Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
U. S. Treasuries			0
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises		0	0
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies		0	0
Equity securities	[1]		0
Total securities available for sale		0	0
Derivatives		$ 0	$ 0

[1] Transferred to other investments on January 1, 2018 upon adoption of ASU 2016-01.

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20. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Impaired loans	$ 3,289	$ 4,351
Fair Value Inputs Level 1 [Member]
Impaired loans	0	0
Fair Value Inputs Level 2 [Member]
Impaired loans	0	0
Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member]
Impaired loans	3,289	4,351
Construction/Land Development [Member]
Impaired loans	2,684	3,337
Construction/Land Development [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 1 [Member]
Impaired loans	0	0
Construction/Land Development [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 2 [Member]
Impaired loans	0	0
Construction/Land Development [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member]
Impaired loans	2,684	3,337
Real Estate [Member]
Impaired loans	415	979
Real Estate [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 1 [Member]
Impaired loans	0	0
Real Estate [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 2 [Member]
Impaired loans	0	0
Real Estate [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member]
Impaired loans	415	979
Consumer [Member]
Impaired loans	6
Consumer [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 1 [Member]
Impaired loans	0
Consumer [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 2 [Member]
Impaired loans	0
Consumer [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member]
Impaired loans	6
Dealer Finance [Member]
Impaired loans	184	35
Dealer Finance [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 1 [Member]
Impaired loans	0	0
Dealer Finance [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 2 [Member]
Impaired loans	0	0
Dealer Finance [Member] | Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member]
Impaired loans	$ 184	$ 35

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20. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Impaired loans	$ 3,289	$ 4,351
Other real estate owned	2,443	1,984
Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member]
Impaired loans	3,289	4,351
Other real estate owned	$ 2,443	$ 1,984
Valuation technique impaired loans	Discounted appraised value	Discounted appraised value
Valuation technique other real estate owned	Discounted appraised value	Discounted appraised value
Significant unobservable inputs impaired loans	Discount for selling costs and marketability	Discount for selling costs and marketability
Significant unobservable inputs other real estate owned	Discount for selling costs	Discount for selling costs
Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Range impaired loans	2.00%	3.00%
Range other real estate owned	5.00%	5.00%
Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Range impaired loans	9.00%	19.00%
Range other real estate owned	15.00%	15.00%

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20. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Other real estate	$ 2,443	$ 1,984
Fair Value Inputs Level 1 [Member]
Other real estate	0	0
Fair Value Inputs Level 2 [Member]
Other real estate	0	0
Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member]
Other real estate	$ 2,443	$ 1,984

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20. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, carrying amount	$ 10,912	$ 11,907
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value	10,912	11,907
Securities, carrying amount	8,412	28,740
Securities, fair value	8,412	28,740
Loans held for sale, carrying amount	55,910	39,775
Loans held for sale, fair value	55,910	39,775
Loans held for investment, net, carrying amount	633,559	610,930
Loans held for investment, net, fair value	613,717	646,703
Interest receivable, carrying amount	2,078	2,007
Interest receivable, fair value	2,078	2,007
Bank owned life insurance, carrying amount	19,464	13,950
Bank owned life insurance, fair value	19,464	13,950
Total assets, carrying amount	730,335	707,309
Total assets, fair value	710,493	743,082
Liabilities
Deposits, carrying amount	591,325	569,177
Deposits, fair value	595,167	571,117
Short-term debt, carrying amount	40,116	25,296
Short-term debt, fair value	40,116	25,296
Long-term debt, carrying amount	40,218	49,733
Long-term debt, fair value	39,609	49,869
Interest payable, carrying amount	348	260
Interest payable, fair value	348	260
Total liabilities, carrying amount	672,007	644,466
Total liabilities, fair value	675,240	646,542
Fair Value Inputs Level 1 [Member]
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value	10,912	11,907
Securities, fair value	0	19,998
Loans held for sale, fair value	0	0
Loans held for investment, net, fair value	0	0
Interest receivable, fair value	0	0
Bank owned life insurance, fair value	0	0
Total assets, fair value	10,912	31,905
Liabilities
Deposits, fair value	0	0
Short-term debt, fair value	0	0
Long-term debt, fair value	0	0
Interest payable, fair value	0	0
Total liabilities, fair value	0	0
Fair Value Inputs Level 2 [Member]
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value	0	0
Securities, fair value	8,412	8,742
Loans held for sale, fair value	55,910	39,775
Loans held for investment, net, fair value	0	0
Interest receivable, fair value	2,078	2,007
Bank owned life insurance, fair value	19,464	13,950
Total assets, fair value	85,864	64,474
Liabilities
Deposits, fair value	441,319	403,907
Short-term debt, fair value	40,116	25,296
Long-term debt, fair value	0	0
Interest payable, fair value	348	260
Total liabilities, fair value	481,783	429,463
Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member]
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value	0	0
Securities, fair value	0	0
Loans held for sale, fair value	0	0
Loans held for investment, net, fair value	613,717	646,703
Interest receivable, fair value	0	0
Bank owned life insurance, fair value	0	0
Total assets, fair value	613,717	646,703
Liabilities
Deposits, fair value	153,848	167,210
Short-term debt, fair value	0	0
Long-term debt, fair value	39,609	49,869
Interest payable, fair value	0	0
Total liabilities, fair value	$ 193,457	$ 217,079

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21. REGULATORY MATTERS (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Total risk-based ratio [Member]
Bank actual capital amount	$ 95,597	$ 95,563
Bank actual capital ratio	.1444	0.1541
Minimum capital requirement amount	$ 52,955	$ 49,614
Minimum capital requirement ratio	.0800	.0800
Minimum to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions amount	$ 66,194	$ 62,018
Minimum to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions ratio	.1000	.1000
Tier 1 risk-based ratio [Member]
Bank actual capital amount	$ 90,357	$ 89,519
Bank actual capital ratio	.1365	0.1443
Minimum capital requirement amount	$ 39,717	$ 37,211
Minimum capital requirement ratio	.0600	.0600
Minimum to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions amount	$ 52,955	$ 49,614
Minimum to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions ratio	.0800	.0800
Common equity tier 1 [Member]
Bank actual capital amount	$ 90,357	$ 89,519
Bank actual capital ratio	.1365	0.1443
Minimum capital requirement amount	$ 29,787	$ 27,908
Minimum capital requirement ratio	.0450	.0450
Minimum to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions amount	$ 43,026	$ 40,312
Minimum to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions ratio	.0650	.0650
Total assets leverage ratio [Member]
Bank actual capital amount	$ 90,357	$ 89,519
Bank actual capital ratio	.1179	0.1207
Minimum capital requirement amount	$ 30,659	$ 29,656
Minimum capital requirement ratio	.0400	.0400
Minimum to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions amount	$ 38,324	$ 37,070
Minimum to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions ratio	.0500	.0500

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22. BUSINESS SEGMENTS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Interest income	$ 31,876	$ 30,198	$ 28,551
Service charges on deposits	1,496	1,360	1,174
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt	0	(504)	0
Income from bank owned life insurance	527	449	476
Loss on sale of investments	0	(42)	0
Other operating income	2,242	2,109	1,657
Expenses:
Interest expense	4,832	3,897	3,599
Provision for loan losses	2,930	0	0
Salaries and benefits	12,622	11,482	9,986
Employee benefit expense	3,714	3,372	2,814
Occupancy expense	1,116	1,035	868
Equipment expense	1,044	836	735
FDIC insurance assessment	294	190	388
Legal and professional fees	597	356	400
Directors fees	468	517	486
Income tax expense (benefit)	1,110	4,330	3,099
Net income	9,095	9,041	9,762
Total assets	780,253	753,270
Goodwill	2,884	2,881
F&M Bank
Interest income	36,550	33,904	31,949
Service charges on deposits	1,496	1,360	1,174
Investment services and insurance income	0	1	1
Mortgage banking income, net	0	0	0
Title insurance income	0	0	0
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt		504	0
Loss on sale of investments		0	0
Other operating income	2,002	2,128	2,353
Total income	40,048	37,897	35,477
Expenses:
Interest expense	4,839	3,904	3,605
Provision for loan losses	2,930	0	0
Salaries and benefits	13,153	12,092	11,123
Other operating expenses	9,448	8,942	8,139
Total expense	30,370	24,938	22,867
Income before income taxes	9,678	12,959	12,610
Income tax expense (benefit)	1,021	4,316	3,290
Net income	8,657	8,643	9,320
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	0	0	0
Net income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	8,657	8,643	9,320
Total assets	782,782	754,375	748,273
Goodwill	2,670	2,670	2,670
F&M Mortgage
Interest income	139	125
Service charges on deposits	0	0
Investment services and insurance income	0	0
Mortgage banking income, net	2,348	2,269
Title insurance income	0	0
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt		0
Loss on sale of investments		(40)
Other operating income	0	1
Total income	2,487	2,355
Expenses:
Interest expense	118	75
Provision for loan losses	0	0
Salaries and benefits	1,783	1,557
Other operating expenses	553	618
Total expense	2,454	2,250
Income before income taxes	33	105
Income tax expense (benefit)	0	0
Net income	33	105
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	10	31
Net income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	23	74
Total assets	7,449	7,018
Goodwill	48	47
TEB Life/FMFS
Interest income	144	148	152
Service charges on deposits	0	0	0
Investment services and insurance income	918	772	470
Mortgage banking income, net	0	0	0
Title insurance income	0	0	0
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt		0	0
Loss on sale of investments		(2)	0
Other operating income	0	0	0
Total income	1,062	918	622
Expenses:
Interest expense	0	0	0
Provision for loan losses	0	0	0
Salaries and benefits	578	474	290
Other operating expenses	57	51	66
Total expense	635	525	356
Income before income taxes	427	393	266
Income tax expense (benefit)	57	109	58
Net income	370	284	208
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	0	0	0
Net income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	370	284	208
Total assets	7,237	6,749	6,476
Goodwill	0	0	0
VS Title
Interest income	0	0	0
Service charges on deposits	0	0	0
Investment services and insurance income	0	0	0
Mortgage banking income, net	0	0	0
Title insurance income	1,294	1,162	0
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt		0	0
Loss on sale of investments		0	0
Other operating income	0	0	0
Total income	1,294	1,162	0
Expenses:
Interest expense	0	0	0
Provision for loan losses	0	0	0
Salaries and benefits	922	731	0
Other operating expenses	220	226	0
Total expense	1,142	957	0
Income before income taxes	152	205	0
Income tax expense (benefit)	0	0	0
Net income	152	205	0
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	36	49	0
Net income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	116	156	0
Total assets	458	1,067	0
Goodwill	2	0	0
Parent Only
Interest income	0	0	0
Service charges on deposits	0	0	0
Investment services and insurance income	0	0	0
Mortgage banking income, net	0	0	0
Title insurance income	0	0	0
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt		0	0
Loss on sale of investments		0	0
Other operating income	0	162	0
Total income	0	162	0
Expenses:
Interest expense	0	0	0
Provision for loan losses	0	0	0
Salaries and benefits	0	0	0
Other operating expenses	49	46	1
Total expense	49	46	1
Income before income taxes	(49)	116	(1)
Income tax expense (benefit)	32	(95)	(249)
Net income	(81)	211	248
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	0	0	0
Net income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	(81)	211	248
Total assets	91,582	90,964	87,449
Goodwill	164	164	0
Eliminations
Interest income	(125)	(82)	(6)
Service charges on deposits	0	0	0
Investment services and insurance income	(19)	(18)	(30)
Mortgage banking income, net	(36)	(49)	0
Title insurance income	0	0	0
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt		0	0
Loss on sale of investments		0	0
Other operating income	0	(358)	(951)
Total income	(180)	(507)	(987)
Expenses:
Interest expense	(125)	(82)	(6)
Provision for loan losses	0	0	0
Salaries and benefits	0	0	0
Other operating expenses	(19)	(18)	(320)
Total expense	(144)	(100)	(326)
Income before income taxes	(36)	(407)	(661)
Income tax expense (benefit)	0	0	0
Net income	(36)	(407)	(661)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(36)	(49)	0
Net income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	0	(358)	(661)
Total assets	(109,255)	(106,903)	(104,796)
Goodwill	0	0	0
F&M Bank Corp Consolidated
Interest income	36,708	34,095	32,150
Service charges on deposits	1,496	1,360	1,174
Investment services and insurance income	899	755	441
Mortgage banking income, net	2,312	2,220	2,565
Title insurance income	1,294	1,162	0
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt		504	0
Loss on sale of investments		(42)	0
Other operating income	2,002	1,933	1,402
Total income	44,711	41,987	37,732
Expenses:
Interest expense	4,832	3,897	3,599
Provision for loan losses	2,930	0	0
Salaries and benefits	16,436	14,854	12,800
Other operating expenses	10,308	9,865	8,472
Total expense	34,506	28,616	24,871
Income before income taxes	10,205	13,371	12,861
Income tax expense (benefit)	1,110	4,330	3,099
Net income	9,095	9,041	9,762
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	10	31	194
Net income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.	9,085	9,010	9,568
Total assets	780,253	753,270	744,889
Goodwill	$ 2,884	$ 2,881	2,670
VBS Mortgage
Interest income			55
Service charges on deposits			0
Investment services and insurance income			0
Mortgage banking income, net			2,565
Title insurance income			0
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt			0
Loss on sale of investments			0
Other operating income			0
Total income			2,620
Expenses:
Interest expense			0
Provision for loan losses			0
Salaries and benefits			1,387
Other operating expenses			586
Total expense			1,973
Income before income taxes			647
Income tax expense (benefit)			0
Net income			647
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest			194
Net income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.			453
Total assets			7,487
Goodwill			$ 0

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23. PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 10,912	$ 11,907
Total Assets	780,253	753,270
Liabilities
Total Liabilities	688,342	661,995
STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY:
Preferred stock par value $25 per share, 400,000 shares authorized, 249,860 and 324,150 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.	5,672	7,529
Common stock par value $5 per share, 6,000,000 shares authorized, 3,213,132 and 3,255,036 shares issued and outstanding for 2018 and 2017, respectively	16,066	16,275
Retained earnings	65,596	60,814
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,969)	(4,142)
Total Stockholders' Equity	91,911	91,275	$ 86,682	$ 82,950
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	780,253	753,270
Parent [Member]
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	749	917	$ 1,155	$ 1,907
Investment in subsidiaries	89,418	88,967
Securities available for sale	135	135
Income tax receivable (including due from subsidiary)	946	565
Goodwill and intangibles	327	380
Total Assets	91,575	90,964
Liabilities
Deferred income taxes	151	177
Accrued expenses	72	86
Total Liabilities	223	263
STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY:
Preferred stock par value $25 per share, 400,000 shares authorized, 249,860 and 324,150 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.	5,672	7,529
Common stock par value $5 per share, 6,000,000 shares authorized, 3,213,132 and 3,255,036 shares issued and outstanding for 2018 and 2017, respectively	16,066	16,275
Additional paid in capital	7,987	10,225
Retained earnings	65,596	60,814
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,969)	(4,142)
Total Stockholders' Equity	91,352	90,701
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$ 91,575	$ 90,964

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23. PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Expenses
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 1,110	$ 4,330	$ 3,099
Income before undistributed subsidiary Net income	9,095	9,041	9,762
Undistributed subsidiary net income	(10)	(31)	(194)
Net income	9,085	9,010	9,568
Parent [Member]
Income
Dividends from affiliate	8,874	5,000	5,000
Net limited partnership income (loss)	0	162	0
Total income	8,874	5,162	5,000
Expenses
Total expenses	49	47	1
Net income before income tax expense (benefit) and undistributed subsidiary net income	8,825	5,115	4,999
Income tax expense (benefit)	32	(95)	(249)
Income before undistributed subsidiary Net income	8,793	5,210	5,248
Undistributed subsidiary net income	292	3,800	4,320
Net income	$ 9,085	$ 9,010	$ 9,568

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23. PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$ 9,085	$ 9,010	$ 9,568
Deferred tax (benefit) expense	55	(222)	9
Net cash provided by operating activities	11,883	6,854	15,586
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities	(31,699)	(10,033)	(75,742)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	266	197	183
Net cash used in financing activities	18,821	(1,269)	67,992
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(995)	(4,448)	7,836
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	11,907
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	10,912	11,907
Parent [Member]
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	9,085	9,010	9,568
Undistributed subsidiary income	(292)	(3,800)	(4,320)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense	(3)	(112)	5
Increase in other assets	(328)	(1,256)	0
Decrease in other liabilities	(23)	(77)	(535)
Net cash provided by operating activities	8,439	3,765	4,718
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities	0	0	0
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Repurchase of preferred stock	(2,788)	(101)	(1,961)
Repurchase of common stock	(1,782)	(712)	(577)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	266	197	183
Dividends paid in cash	(4,303)	(3,387)	(3,115)
Net cash used in financing activities	(8,607)	(4,003)	(5,470)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(168)	(238)	(752)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	917	1,155	1,907
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	$ 749	$ 917	$ 1,155

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26. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Unrealized Securities Gains Losses [Member]
Beginning balance	$ (20)	$ 6	$ 4
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax	(74)	(26)	2
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax	0	0	0
Ending balance	(94)	(20)	6
Adjustments Related to Pension Plan
Beginning balance	(4,122)	(3,171)	(2,684)
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax	0	0	0
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax	247	(951)	(487)
Ending balance	(3,875)	(4,122)	(3,171)
Accumulated Other comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance	(4,142)	(3,165)	(2,680)
Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax	(74)	(26)	2
Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax	247	(951)	(487)
Ending balance	$ (3,969)	$ (4,142)	$ (3,165)

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27. REVENUE RECOGNITION (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Total noninterest income	$ 8,003	$ 7,892	$ 5,582
Service Charges on Deposits
Total noninterest income	1,496	1,359	1,174
Investment Services and Insurance Income
Total noninterest income	901	755	441
Title Insurance Income
Total noninterest income	1,293	1,161	2,565
ATM and check card fees
Total noninterest income	1,537	1,387	0
Other
Total noninterest income	525	490	0
Noninterest Income (in-scope of Topic 606)
Total noninterest income	5,752	5,153	4,180
Noninterest Income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)
Total noninterest income	$ 2,251	$ 2,739	$ 1,402