10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 000-13301

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	88-0168936
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
16868 Via Del Campo Court, Suite 200 San Diego, California	92127
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)
(858) 549-6340
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	RFIL	NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.) Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the issuer’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of September 14, 2023 was 10,289,891.

1

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1: Financial Statements

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	July 31,		October 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)		(Note 1)
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,063	$	4,532
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $224 and $126, respectively		9,293		14,812
Inventories		20,204		21,054
Other current assets		1,280		5,849
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS		34,840		46,247
Property and equipment:
Equipment and tooling		4,764		4,497
Furniture and office equipment		5,491		3,447
		10,255		7,944
Less accumulated depreciation		5,287		4,771
Total property and equipment, net		4,968		3,173
Operating lease right of use assets, net		11,961		13,480
Goodwill		8,085		8,085
Amortizable intangible assets, net		14,017		15,296
Non-amortizable intangible assets		1,174		1,174
Deferred tax assets		2,734		1,816
Other assets		277		295
TOTAL ASSETS	$	78,056	$	89,566

2

Item 1: Financial Statements (continued)

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	July 31,		October 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)		(Note 1)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	2,702	$	5,652
Accrued expenses		4,507		8,814
Revolving credit facility		1,000		-
Current portion of Term Loan		2,424		2,424
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		1,418		1,887
Income taxes payable		-		759
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES		12,051		19,536
Operating lease liabilities		14,276		15,025
Term Loan, net of current portion of debt issuance cost		11,325		13,136
TOTAL LIABILITIES		37,652		47,697
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock - authorized 20,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value; 10,289,891 and 10,193,287 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively		103		102
Additional paid-in capital		25,878		25,118
Retained earnings		14,423		16,649
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY		40,404		41,869
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	78,056	$	89,566

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

Item 1: Financial Statements (continued)

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended July 31,						Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net sales	$	15,652		$	23,842		$	56,294		$	62,265
Cost of sales		11,828			16,594			41,263			44,853
Gross profit		3,824			7,248			15,031			17,412
Operating expenses:
Engineering		690			791			2,535			2,101
Selling and general		5,144			5,369			15,186			13,838
Total operating expenses		5,834			6,160			17,721			15,939
Operating (loss) income		(2,010	)		1,088			(2,690	)		1,473
Other expense		(117	)		(177	)		(342	)		(280	)
(Loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes		(2,127	)		911			(3,032	)		1,193
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(482	)		140			(806	)		196
Consolidated net (loss) income	$	(1,645	)	$	771		$	(2,226	)	$	997
(Loss) earnings per share:
Basic	$	(0.16	)	$	0.08		$	(0.22	)	$	0.10
Diluted	$	(0.16	)	$	0.08		$	(0.22	)	$	0.10
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		10,290,265			10,127,244			10,267,652			10,100,767
Diluted		10,290,265			10,238,932			10,267,652			10,233,209

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

Item 1: Financial Statements (continued)

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

	For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2023
						Additional
	Common Stock					Paid-in			Retained
	Shares			Amount		Capital			Earnings			Total
Balance, May 1, 2023		10,290,377		$	103	$	25,634		$	16,068		$	41,805
Stock-based compensation expense		-			-		246			-			246
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(486	)		-		(2	)		-			(2	)
Consolidated net loss		-			-		-			(1,645	)		(1,645	)
Balance, July 31, 2023		10,289,891		$	103	$	25,878		$	14,423		$	40,404

	For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023
						Additional
	Common Stock					Paid-in			Retained
	Shares			Amount		Capital			Earnings			Total
Balance, November 1, 2022		10,193,287		$	102	$	25,118		$	16,649		$	41,869
Exercise of stock options		45,000			-		85			-			85
Stock-based compensation expense		-			-		687			-			687
Issuance of restricted stock		54,092			1		-			-			1
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(2,488	)		-		(12	)		-			(12	)
Consolidated net loss		-			-		-			(2,226	)		(2,226	)
Balance, July 31, 2023		10,289,891		$	103	$	25,878		$	14,423		$	40,404

5

Item 1: Financial Statements (continued)

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

	For the Three Months ended July 31, 2022
						Additional
	Common Stock					Paid-In			Retained
	Shares			Amount		Capital			Earnings		Total
Balance, May 1, 2022		10,118,685		$	102	$	24,648		$	15,427	$	40,177
Exercise of stock options		37,927			-		93			-		93
Stock-based compensation expense		-			-		191			-		191
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(421	)		-		(3	)		-		(3	)
Consolidated net income		-			-		-			771		771
Balance, July 31, 2022		10,156,191		$	102	$	24,929		$	16,198	$	41,229

	For the Nine Months ended July 31, 2022
						Additional
	Common Stock					Paid-In			Retained
	Shares			Amount		Capital			Earnings		Total
Balance, November 1, 2021		10,058,571		$	101	$	24,301		$	15,201	$	39,603
Exercise of stock options		60,854			1		149			-		150
Stock-based compensation expense		-			-		498			-		498
Issuance of restricted stock		39,666			-		-			-		-
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(2,900	)		-		(19	)		-		(19	)
Consolidated net income		-			-		-			997		997
Balance, July 31, 2022		10,156,191		$	102	$	24,929		$	16,198	$	41,229

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

Item 1: Financial Statements (continued)

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated net (loss) income	$	(2,226	)	$	997
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Bad debt expense		82			13
Depreciation and amortization		1,795			1,155
Stock-based compensation expense		687			498
Amortization of debt issuance cost		7			4
Tax payments related to shares cancelled for vested restricted stock awards		(12	)		(19	)
Deferred income taxes		(918	)		126
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		5,438			229
Inventories		850			(3,980	)
Other current assets		4,570			(1,006	)
Right of use assets		300			78
Other long-term assets		18			(224	)
Accounts payable		(2,950	)		1,464
Accrued expenses		(4,307	)		1,261
Income taxes payable		(760	)		-
Net cash provided by operating activities		2,574			596
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures		(2,311	)		(430	)
Purchase of Microlab, net of cash acquired ($33)		-			(24,442	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(2,311	)		(24,872	)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		86			149
Debt issuance cost		-			(32	)
Revolving credit facility		1,000			-
Term Loan payments		(1,818	)		(808	)
Term Loan		-			17,000
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(732	)		16,309
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(469	)		(7,967	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		4,532			13,053
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	4,063		$	5,086
Supplemental cash flow information – income taxes paid	$	19		$	223

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which are normal and recurring, have been included for a fair statement of the financial position. Information included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2022 has been derived from, and certain terms used herein are defined in, the audited consolidated financial statements of RF Industries, Ltd. as of October 31, 2022 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the year ended October 31, 2022 that was previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Operating results for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended October 31, 2023. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Form 10-K.

Our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets, and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The propriety of using the going-concern basis is dependent upon, among other things, the achievement of future profitable operations, the ability to generate sufficient cash from operations and potential other funding sources, in addition to cash on-hand along with the current Credit Facility (as defined below), to meet its obligations as they become due.

Although we have incurred operating losses during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, we have implemented certain cost-cutting measures to reduce our operating expenses and to help drive positive operating cash flow and increase liquidity. Our plan includes consolidating facilities and recognizing the related operating efficiencies and synergies in our production operations. The Company intends to continue to pursue additional continuous improvement and cost reduction measures, as well as organic growth in revenue and profitability.

Management believes that these actions will enable the Company to continue as a going concern through at least 12 months from the date these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are available to be issued.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods ended on or before January 31, 2022 include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd. and our four wholly-owned subsidiaries: Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), and Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (“Schrofftech”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd. and our five wholly-owned subsidiaries: Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (“Schrofftech”), and Microlab/FXR LLC (“Microlab”). Microlab is a wholly-owned subsidiary that RF Industries, Ltd. acquired on March 1, 2022. For periods on or before January 31, 2022, references herein to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” shall refer to RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech and for all periods after January 31, 2022, reference to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” shall refer to RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, Schrofftech and Microlab. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Fair value measurement

We measure at fair value certain financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:

Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

Level 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

8

As of July 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, the carrying amounts reflected in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their carrying value due to their short-term nature.

Recent accounting standards

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), which pushes back the effective date for public business entities that are smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 – Business acquisition

On March 1, 2022, the Company completed its purchase (the “Purchase Transaction”) of 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Microlab, a New Jersey limited liability company, from Wireless Telecom Group, Inc, a New Jersey corporation (the “Seller”) pursuant to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) dated December 16, 2021, with the Seller. The consideration for the Purchase Transaction was $24,250,000, subject to certain post-closing adjustments as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price was paid in cash at the closing. The Company funded $17 million of the cash purchase price from the funds obtained under the Term Loan (as defined in Note 13) and paid the remaining amount of the cash purchase price with cash on hand. During the three months ended July 31, 2022, we paid an additional $225,000 in purchase consideration as a result of certain post-closing adjustments relating to net working capital.

The acquisition was accounted for with the acquisition method of accounting. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities have been recorded at their estimated fair values. We determined the estimated fair values with the assistance of appraisals or valuations performed by an independent third-party specialist. Microlab designs and manufactures high-performance radio frequency and microwave products enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks. The Microlab acquisition further diversifies and strengthens the portfolio of products that we offer to the market and allows us to provide a more complete solution to our customers in key market segments. All manufacturing operations are performed at Microlab’s facilities in New Jersey.

The acquisition closed on March 1, 2022, accordingly, subsequent to March 1, 2022, Microlab’s financial results have been included in the results of the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment as well as in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company expects the goodwill recorded to be deductible for income tax purposes. Acquired amortizable intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from one to 15 years. Total costs, as of October 31, 2022, related to the acquisition of Microlab were approximately $1.3 million and have been expensed as incurred and categorized in selling and general expenses.

The following table summarizes the components of the purchase price at fair values at March 1, 2022:

Cash consideration paid at closing	$	24,250,000
Post-closing adjustment		225,000
Total consideration transferred	$	24,475,000

The following table summarizes the allocation of the preliminary purchase price at fair value at March 1, 2022:

Current assets	$	6,620,000
Property and equipment		198,000
Intangible assets		13,840,000
Goodwill		5,617,000
Noninterest-bearing liabilities		(1,800,000	)
Net assets acquired at fair value	$	24,475,000

9

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined operating results of the Company and Microlab as if the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented. Pro forma data is subject to various assumptions and estimates and is presented for informational purposes only. This pro forma data does not purport to represent or be indicative of the consolidated operating results that would have been reported had the transaction been completed as described herein, and the data should not be taken as indicative of future consolidated operating results.

Unaudited pro forma financial information assuming the acquisition of Microlab as of November 1, 2021 is presented in the following table:

	Three Months Ended July 31,					Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Revenue	$	15,652		$	23,842	$	56,294		$	68,369
Net (loss) income		(1,645	)		771		(2,226	)		1,510
(Loss) Earnings per share
Basic	$	(0.16	)	$	0.08	$	(0.22	)	$	0.15
Diluted	$	(0.16	)	$	0.08	$	(0.22	)	$	0.15
Basic		10,290,265			10,127,244		10,267,652			10,100,767
Diluted		10,290,265			10,238,932		10,267,652			10,233,209

Note 3 – Concentrations of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions. At July 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of approximately $2.9 million.

Sales from each customer that were 10% or greater of net sales were as follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,						Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Wireless provider		*			16	%		13	%		23	%
Distributor A		12	%		*			*			*

For the three months ended July 31, 2023, a distributor customer accounted for 12% of net sales and 12% of total net accounts receivable balance, and a wireless carrier customer accounted for less than 10% of net sales. For the nine months ended July 31, 2023, the same wireless carrier customer accounted for 13% of net sales and 4% of total net accounts receivable balance; for the three months ended July 31, 2022, it accounted for 16% of net sales and 19% of total net accounts receivable balance; for the nine months ended July 31, 2022, it accounted for 23% of net sales and 19% of total net accounts receivable balance. We also have another distributor customer whose sales were less than 10% of our net sales but for which we had an 11% of total net accounts receivable balance for both the three and nine months ended July 31,2023; for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2022, it accounted for 5% of total net account receivable balance. Although these customers have been significant customers of the Company, the written agreements with these customers do not have any minimum purchase obligations and these customers could stop buying our products at any time and for any reason. A reduction, delay or cancellation of orders from these customers or the loss of these customers could significantly reduce our future revenues and profits.

10

Note 4 – Inventories and major vendors

Inventories, consisting of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost has been determined using the weighted average cost method. Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2023		October 31, 2022
Raw materials and supplies	$	14,107	$	15,238
Work in process		510		439
Finished goods		5,587		5,377
Totals	$	20,204	$	21,054

For the three months ended July 31, 2023, a single vendor accounted for 10% of inventory purchases. For the three months ended July 31, 2022, the same vendor accounted for 17% of inventory purchases. For the nine months ended July 31, 2023, this vendor accounted for 17% of inventory purchases and it accounted for 28% of inventory purchases for the nine months ended July 31, 2022. We have arrangements with this vendor to purchase products based on purchase orders that we periodically issue.

Note 5 – Other current assets

Other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2023		October 31, 2022
Employee retention credit ("ERC")	$	176	$	1,636
Prepaid taxes		30		-
Prepaid expense		665		972
Reimbursement for tenant improvements		-		2,810
Other		409		431
Totals	$	1,280	$	5,849

Pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), eligible employers are able to claim an ERC, which is a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes. If the employer’s employment tax deposits are not sufficient to cover the credit, the employer may get an advance payment from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The period assessed for eligibility of the ERC is on a calendar year basis. As of July 31, 2023, the remaining portion of the ERC that we have not yet received is included as other receivables in other current assets.

Note 6 – Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2023		October 31, 2022
Wages payable	$	2,163	$	3,634
Accrued receipts		1,050		2,136
Other accrued expenses		1,294		1,847
Tenant improvements payable		-		1,197
Totals	$	4,507	$	8,814

Accrued receipts represent purchased inventory for which invoices have not been received.

Note 7 – Loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding increased by the effects of assuming that other potentially dilutive securities (such as stock options) outstanding during the period had been exercised and the treasury stock method had been applied. During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 we reported a net loss, and in periods with a net loss, the basic loss per share equals the diluted loss per share as all common stock equivalents are excluded from the per share calculation due to their anti-dilutive effect. Potentially issuable securities that are out-of-the-money totaled 814,154 and 471,464 shares for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 750,967 and 482,889 shares for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and were excluded from the calculation of diluted per share amounts because of their anti-dilutive effect.

11

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding:

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share		10,290,265		10,127,244		10,267,652		10,100,767
Add effects of potentially dilutive securities-assumed exercise of stock options		-		111,688		-		132,442
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share		10,290,265		10,238,932		10,267,652		10,233,209

Note 8 – Stock-based compensation and equity transactions

On January 10, 2022, we granted a total of 39,666 shares of restricted stock and 106,001 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options vested on January 10, 2023; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years. All incentive stock options expire 10 years from the date of grant.

On January 10, 2023, we granted a total of 54,092 shares of restricted stock and 108,181 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options shall vest on January 10, 2024; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years. Also on January 10, 2023, we granted another manager 50,000 incentive stock options. These options shall vest in five equal installments on each of the next five anniversaries of January 10, 2023, the grant date. All incentive stock options expire 10 years from the date of grant.

No other shares or options were granted to company employees during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022.

The weighted average fair value of employee stock options that were granted during the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 was estimated to be $3.21 and $3.77, respectively, per share, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

	Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022
Risk-free interest rate		3.76	%		1.47	%
Dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected life of the option (in years)		7.01			7.00
Volatility factor		54.30	%		53.36	%

Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our stock price and other factors. We used the historical method to calculate the expected life of the 2023 and 2022 option grants. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate with a maturity date corresponding to the options’ expected life. The dividend yield is based upon the historical dividend yield.

Company stock option plans

Descriptions of our stock option plans are included in Note 9 to our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2022. A summary of the status of the options granted under our stock option plans as of July 31, 2023 and the changes in options outstanding during the nine months then ended is presented in the table that follows:

				Weighted
				Average
	Shares			Exercise Price
Outstanding at November 1, 2022		691,005		$	5.87
Options granted		158,181		$	5.46
Options exercised		(45,000	)	$	1.90
Options cancelled		-		$	-
Options outstanding at July 31, 2023		804,186		$	6.01
Options exercisable at July 31, 2023		471,466		$	6.34
Options vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2023		798,697		$	6.02

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Weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding as of July 31, 2023: 6.68 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable as of July 31, 2023: 5.65 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options vested and expected to vest as of July 31, 2023: 6.69 years

Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at July 31, 2023: $124,280

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at July 31, 2023: $80,120

Aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2023: $122,285

As of July 31, 2023, $866,591 and $528,229 of expenses with respect to nonvested stock options and restricted shares, respectively, has yet to be recognized but is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.74 and 1.30 years, respectively.

Stock option expense

During the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation expense totaled $246,000 and $191,000, respectively, and was classified in selling and general expense. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation expense totaled $687,000 and $498,000, respectively, and was classified in selling and general expenses.

Note 9 – Segment information

We aggregate operating divisions into two reporting segments that have similar economic characteristics primarily in the following areas: (1) the nature of the product and services; (2) the nature of the production process; (3) the type or class of customer for their products and services; (4) the methods used to distribute their products or services; and (5) if applicable, the nature of the regulatory environment. Based upon this evaluation, as of July 31, 2023, we had two reportable segments – RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment and Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment.

The RF Connector segment consists of two divisions and the Custom Cabling segment consists of four divisions. The six divisions that met the quantitative thresholds for segment reporting are the RF Connector and Cable Assembly division (“RF Connector division”), Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, Schrofftech, and Microlab. While each segment has similar products and services, there was little overlapping of these services to their customer base. The biggest difference in segments is in the channels of sales: sales of product and services for the RF Connector segment were primarily through the distribution channel, while the Custom Cabling segment sales were through a combination of distribution and direct to the end user.

Management identifies segments based on strategic business units that are, in turn, based along market lines. These strategic business units offer products and services to different markets in accordance with their customer base and product usage. For segment reporting purposes, the RF Connector and Microlab divisions constitutes the RF Connector segment, and the Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech divisions constitute the Custom Cabling segment.

We evaluate the performance of each segment based on income or loss before income taxes. We charge depreciation and amortization directly to each division within the segment. Accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, right of use assets, goodwill and intangible assets are the only assets identified by segment. Except as discussed above, the accounting policies for segment reporting are the same for the Company as a whole.

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All of our operations are conducted in the United States; however, we derive a portion of our revenue from export sales. We attribute sales to geographic areas based on the location of the customers. The following table presents the sales by geographic area for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States	$	13,955	$	19,925	$	50,967	$	56,292
Foreign Countries:
Canada		703		2,218		1,875		3,179
Italy		300		1,214		1,692		1,387
Mexico		-		29		3		106
All Other		694		456		1,757		1,301
		1,697		3,917		5,327		5,973
Totals	$	15,652	$	23,842	$	56,294	$	62,265

Net sales, (loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes and other related segment information for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly			Corporate			Total
2023
Net sales	$	7,799		$	7,853		$	-		$	15,652
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		(1,103	)		(713	)		(311	)		(2,127	)
Depreciation and amortization		488			143			-			631
Total assets		49,175			20,528			8,353			78,056
2022
Net sales	$	10,495		$	13,347		$	-		$	23,842
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		988			600			(677	)		911
Depreciation and amortization		390			147			-			537
Total assets		48,351			26,553			12,291			87,195

Net sales, (loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes and other related segment information for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly			Corporate			Total
2023
Net sales	$	25,507		$	30,787		$	-		$	56,294
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes		(1,162	)		(823	)		(1,047	)		(3,032	)
Depreciation and amortization		1,359			436			-			1,795
Total assets		49,175			20,528			8,353			78,056
2022
Net sales	$	21,928		$	40,337		$	-		$	62,265
Income (loss) before benefit from income taxes		1,621			1,721			(2,149	)		1,193
Depreciation and amortization		720			435			-			1,155
Total assets		48,351			26,553			12,291			87,195

Note 10 – Income taxes

We use an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate, to determine its quarterly (benefit) provision for income taxes. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.

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We recorded income tax (benefits) provisions of ($482,000) and $140,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate was 22.7% for the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to 15.4% for the three months ended July 31, 2022. For the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded income tax (benefits) provisions of ($806,000) and $196,000, respectively. The effective tax rate was 26.6% for the nine months ended July 31, 2023, compared to 16.4% for the nine months ended July 31, 2022. The change in effective tax rate for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the nine months ended July 31, 2022 was primarily driven by stock-based compensation windfall/shortfalls and the Company's full year forecasted financial loss.

We had $168,000 and $121,000 of unrecognized tax benefits, as of July 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively. The unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would result in a net tax benefit of $164,000 as of July 31, 2023.

Note 11 – Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2023			October 31, 2022
Amortizable intangible assets:
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	$	423		$	423
Accumulated amortization		(367	)		(334	)
		56			89
Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years)		6,058			6,058
Accumulated amortization		(3,364	)		(3,074	)
		2,694			2,984
Backlog (estimated life 1 - 2 years)		327			327
Accumulated amortization		(327	)		(313	)
		-			14
Patents (estimated life 10 - 14 years)		368			368
Accumulated amortization		(167	)		(143	)
		201			225
Tradename (estimated life 15 years)		1,700			1,700
Accumulated amortization		(161	)		(76	)
		1,539			1,624
Proprietary Technology (estimated life 10 years)		11,100			11,100
Accumulated amortization		(1,573	)		(740	)
		9,527			10,360
Totals	$	14,017		$	15,296
Non-amortizable intangible assets:
Trademarks	$	1,174		$	1,174

Amortization expense for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and the year ended October 31, 2022 was $1,279,000 and $1,282,000, respectively. As of July 31, 2023, the weighted-average amortization period for the amortizable intangible assets is 8.78 years.

Note 12 – Commitments

We have operating leases for corporate offices, manufacturing facilities, and certain storage units. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to three years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to five years. A portion of our operating leases are leased from K&K Unlimited, a company controlled by Darren Clark, the former owner and current President of Cables Unlimited, to whom we make rent payments totaling $16,000 per month.

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We also have other operating leases for certain equipment. The components of our facilities and equipment operating lease expenses for the periods ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	663	$	477	$	2,129	$	1,048

Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	July 31, 2023			October 31, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	281		$	13,352
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in months)		110.12			113.72
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		3.77	%		3.75	%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of July 31, 2023 were as follows:

Year ending October 31,	Operating Leases
2023 (excluding nine months ended July 31, 2023)	$	551
2024		2,036
2025		1,796
2026		1,835
2027		1,874
Thereafter		10,619
Total future minimum lease payments		18,711
Less imputed interest		(3,017	)
Total	$	15,694

Reported as of July 31, 2023	Operating Leases
Other current liabilities	$	1,418
Operating lease liabilities		14,276
Total	$	15,694

As of July 31, 2023, operating lease ROU asset was $12.0 million and operating lease liability totaled $15.7 million, of which $1.4 million is classified as current. There were no finance leases as of July 31, 2023.

On July 11, 2023, we entered into a Third Amendment to Lease (the “Amendment”) with Sorrento West Properties (the “Lessor”), amending that certain AIRCRE Standard Industrial/Commercial Single-Tenant Lease - Net, dated as of December 28, 2021, between the Company and Lessor, under which we lease from Lessor industrial and commercial space located at 16868 Via Del Campo Court, San Diego, California (the “Premises”). The Amendment provides for an increase in tenant improvements by an additional $1,000,000 (the “Additional TIA”) and requires funding of the Additional TIA beginning October 1, 2023, provided certain conditions are met as further set forth in the Amendment. The primary purpose of the Additional TIA is to cover the costs and expenses for the construction, fit-out and furnishing of the adjacent vacant office spaces located at the Premises, which will be subject to the Managed Client Agreement with RGN-MCA San Diego II, LLC (the “Managed Client Agreement”) and managed services arrangement, as previously disclosed. In consideration for the Additional TIA, the Amendment provides for an increase in monthly base rent, effective commencing as of October 1, 2023. The conditions set forth in the Amendment include a finalized build-out budget. The budget for the construction, fit-out and furnishings of the vacant office for RGN-MCA San Diego II, LLC has not been finalized, and we have a right to terminate the Managed Client Agreement should the budget exceed an amount agreed upon. Therefore, we have not reflected this Amendment in our financials as of July 31, 2023, or included it in our disclosure tables.

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Note 13 – Term Loan and Line of credit

In February 2022, we entered into a loan agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) providing for a revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) in the amount of $3.0 million and a $17.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan”, and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Credit Facility”) with Bank of America, N.A. (the “Bank”). Amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility shall bear interest at a rate of 2.0% plus the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index Rate. The maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility is March 1, 2024. The Company drew down the entire amount of the Term Loan on March 1, 2022. The primary interest rate for Term Loan is 3.76% per annum. The maturity date of the Term Loan is March 1, 2027.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility are secured by a security interest in certain assets of the Company and are subject to certain loan covenants. The Credit Facility requires the maintenance of certain financial covenants, including: (i) consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio not to exceed 3.00 to 1.00; (ii) consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1.00; and (iii) consolidated minimum EBITDA of at least $600,000 for the discrete quarter ended January 31, 2022. In addition, the Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants.

As of July 31, 2023, we were not in compliance with the consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio nor were we in compliance with the consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio covenants (the “Defaults”). On September 12, 2023, we entered into Amendment No. 1 and Waiver to the Loan Agreement (the “Loan Amendment”) with the Bank, which, among other matters, provided for a temporary waiver of (i) the Defaults, and (ii) compliance with the consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio and the consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio minimum covenants for the quarterly periods ending October 31, 2023, January 31, 2024, April 30, 2024 and July 31, 2024. Further, pursuant to the Loan Amendment, we are required to maintain (i) (a) until September 21, 2023, minimum liquidity (week-end cash balance plus availability from the Revolving Credit Facility) of $4.0 million, and (b) from September 22, 2023 and thereafter, liquidity equal to the greater of (1) $4.0 million or (2) 80% of the liquidity that had been forecast for this date at the fourth week of the forecast; and (ii) minimum EBITDA of ($400,000), $500,000, $1.0 million, and $1.0 million for the quarters ending October 31, 2023, January 31, 2024, April 30, 2024, and July 31, 2024, respectively.

As of July 31, 2023, we have borrowed $13,768,000 under the Term Loan and $1.0 million from the Revolving Credit Facility.

The foregoing summary description of the Loan Amendment is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Loan Amendment, a copy of which is included as Exhibit 10.3 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Note 14 – Cash dividend and declared dividends

We did not pay any dividends during the three or nine months ended July 31, 2023, nor did we pay any dividends during the three or nine months ended July 31, 2022.

Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

This report contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “except,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue,” the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither the Company, nor any other person, assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We are under no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in its expectations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by the Company which attempt to advise interested parties of the factors which affect our business, including without limitation the disclosures made under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” under the caption “Risk Factors,” and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2022 and other reports and filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, including those related to bad debts, inventory reserves, earn-out liabilities, and contingencies on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be appropriate under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the weighted average cost method of accounting. Certain items in inventory may be considered obsolete or excess and, as such, we periodically review our inventories for excess and slow-moving items and make provisions as necessary to properly reflect inventory value. Because inventories have, during the past few years, represented up to one-fourth of our total assets, any reduction in the value of our inventories would require us to take write-offs that would affect our net worth and future earnings.

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Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We record an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon our assessment of various factors. We consider historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balance, credit quality of our customers, current economic conditions and other factors that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

Long-Lived Assets Including Goodwill

We assess property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are considered definite-lived assets, for impairment. Definite-lived assets are reviewed when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property and equipment and intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value.

We amortize our intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and review these assets for impairment.

We test our goodwill and trademarks and indefinite-lived assets for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate these assets may be impaired. These events or circumstances require significant judgment and could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition and sale or disposition of all or a portion of a division. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital.

As of July 31, 2023, we performed an impairment test analysis for Schrofftech. As noted above, we test our goodwill, trademarks, and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually, which we have traditionally done in the fourth quarter, or on an interim basis when events or changes in circumstances suggest these assets may be impaired. Impairment is measured as the excess of the carrying value of the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset over its fair value.

Impairment may result from a number of factors, including performance deterioration, negative cash flows from operations and/or changes in anticipated future cash flows, changes in business plans, adverse economic or market conditions, or other factors beyond our control. The amount of any impairment must be expensed as a charge to operations. Schrofftech’s three and nine-months results ended July 31, 2023 triggered an impairment analysis. Schrofftech was acquired on November 4, 2019 for a total purchase price of $5.3 million, consisting of cash consideration of $4.0 million and $1.3 million in earn-out, of which none was earned. As of July 31, 2023, Schrofftech has a carrying value of $3.2 million, of which includes $1.1 million in goodwill, $0.5 million in non-amortizable intangible assets and $1.6 million in net amortizable intangible assets. The analysis performed included a blend of the income approach (discounted cash flow method) and market approach (guideline public company method) to reach a fair value of equity in excess of the fair value to the carrying amount.

The analysis performed in blending the income approach and the market approach incorporates several significant judgments and assumptions about projected revenue growth, future operating margins and discount rates. There are inherent uncertainties related to these assumptions and our judgment in applying them to the impairment analysis. Changes in certain events or circumstances could result in changes to our estimated fair values, and may result in future write-downs to the carrying values of these assets. Impairment charges could adversely affect our financial results, financial ratios and could limit our ability to obtain financing in the future.

Income Taxes

We record a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates as of the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.

The calculation of the tax provision involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of GAAP and complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with management’s expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results. 

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Stock-based Compensation

We use the Black-Scholes model to value the stock option grants. This valuation is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of inputs which involve significant judgments and estimates. These inputs include the expected term of employee stock options, the expected volatility of the stock price, the risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

Overview

RF Industries, Ltd. (together with subsidiaries, the “Company,” “we”, “us”, or “our”) is a national manufacturer and marketer of interconnect products and systems, including high-performance components such as RF connectors and adapters, dividers, directional couplers and filters, coaxial cables, data cables, wire harnesses, fiber optic cables, custom cabling, energy-efficient cooling systems and integrated small cell enclosures. Through our manufacturing and production facilities, we provide a wide selection of interconnect products and solutions primarily to telecommunications carriers and equipment manufacturers, wireless and network infrastructure carriers and manufacturers and to various original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in several market segments. We also design, engineer, manufacture and sell energy-efficient cooling systems and integrated small cell solutions and related components.

We operate through two reporting segments: (i) the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment, and (ii) the Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment. The RF Connector segment primarily designs, manufactures, markets and distributes a broad range of RF connector, adapter, coupler, divider, and cable products, including coaxial passives and cable assemblies that are used in telecommunications and information technology, OEM markets and other end markets. The Custom Cabling segment designs, manufactures, markets and distributes custom copper and fiber cable assemblies, complex hybrid fiber optic and power solution cables, electromechanical wiring harnesses, wiring harnesses for a broad range of applications in a diverse set of end markets, energy-efficient cooling systems for wireless base stations and remote equipment shelters and custom designed, pole-ready 4G and 5G small cell integrated enclosures.

For the nine months ended July 31, 2023, revenues from the Custom Cabling segment were generated from the sale of fiber optics cable, copper cabling, custom patch cord assemblies, and wiring harnesses, which collectively accounted for 55% of the Company’s total sales. Revenues from the RF Connector segment were generated from the sales of RF connector products and cable assemblies and accounted for 45% of total sales for the nine months ended July 31, 2023. The RF Connector segment mostly sells standardized products regularly used by customers and, therefore, has a more stable revenue stream. On the other hand, the Custom Cabling segment mostly designs, manufactures, and sells customized cabling and wireless-related equipment under larger purchase orders. Accordingly, the Custom Cabling segment is more dependent upon larger orders and its revenues can therefore be more volatile than the revenues of the RF Connector segment.

Our corporate headquarters are located at 16868 Via Del Campo Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92127. Our phone number is (858) 549-6340.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, we have been able to fund our liquidity and other capital requirements from funds we generated from operations. However, we have incurred operating losses during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023. During the period, we have implemented certain cost-cutting measures to reduce our operating expenses and to help drive positive operating cash flow and increase liquidity. Our plan includes consolidating facilities and recognizing the related operating efficiencies and synergies in our production operations. We intend to continue to pursue additional continuous improvement and cost reduction measures, as well as organic growth in revenue and profitability.

As of July 31, 2023, we had a total of $4.1 million of cash and cash equivalents compared to a total of $4.5 million of cash and cash equivalents as of October 31, 2022. As of July 31, 2023, we had working capital of $22.8 million and a current ratio of approximately 2.9:1 with current assets of $34.8 million and current liabilities of $12.1 million. We believe that the amount of cash remaining, plus the amount available to us under the Revolving Credit Facility, will be sufficient to fund our anticipated liquidity needs.

As of July 31, 2023, we had $17.2 million of backlog, compared to $27.8 million as of October 31, 2022. The decrease in backlog relates primarily to shipments made against orders for our hybrid fiber cables. Since purchase orders are submitted from customers based on the timing of their requirements, our ability to predict orders in future periods or trends in future periods is limited. Furthermore, purchase orders may be subject to cancellation from customers, although we have not historically experienced material cancellations of purchase orders.

In the nine months ended July 31, 2023, we generated $2.6 million of cash in our operating activities. This net inflow of cash is primarily related to an increase in other current assets of $4.6 million, the collections of accounts receivable of $5.4 million, $1.8 million from depreciation and amortization, and $0.7 million from stock-based compensation expense. The cash usage was primarily due to accrued expenses of $4.3 million and our net loss of $2.2 million. The cash generated by other current assets represents $4.6 million, which primarily consists of $2.8 million of reimbursement for tenant improvements and $1.5 million received from ERC.

During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, we also spent $2.3 million on capital expenditures, and $1.8 million in Term Loan payments. The cash used in operating activities and the amounts spent on capital expenditures were partially offset by $0.1 million of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options. As noted above, we also drew $1.0 million from the Revolving Credit Facility as of July 31, 2023, primarily to fund leasehold improvements to the new corporate headquarters.

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Our goal to expand and grow our business both organically and through acquisitions may require material additional capital equipment. In the past, we have purchased all additional equipment, or financed some of our equipment and furnishings requirements through capital leases. At this time, we have not identified any additional capital equipment purchases that would require significant additional leasing or capital expenditures during the next 12 months. We also believe that based on our current financial condition, our current backlog of unfulfilled orders, and our anticipated future operations, we would be able to finance our expansion, if necessary.

From time to time, we may undertake acquisitions of other companies or product lines in order to diversify our product and solutions offerings and customer base. Conversely, we may undertake the disposition of a division or product line due to changes in our business strategy or market conditions. Acquisitions may require the outlay of cash, which may reduce our liquidity and capital resources while dispositions may increase our cash position, liquidity and capital resources. Since our goal is to continue to expand our operations and accelerate our growth through future acquisitions, we may use some of our current capital resources to fund acquisitions we may undertake in the future.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 vs. Three Months Ended July 31, 2022

Net sales for the three months ended July 31, 2023 (the “fiscal 2023 quarter”) decreased by 34%, or $8.1 million, to $15.7 million as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2022 (the “fiscal 2022 quarter”). Net sales for the fiscal 2023 quarter at the Custom Cabling segment decreased by $5.4 million, or 40.6%, to $7.9 million, compared to $13.3 million in the fiscal 2022 quarter. The decrease was primarily the result of a decrease in sales of hybrid fiber cables to wireless carrier customers and a decrease in sales of small cell products and systems to customers in the Tier-1 wireless ecosystem. Net sales for the fiscal 2023 quarter at the RF Connector segment decreased by $2.7 million, or 25.7%, to $7.8 million as compared to $10.5 million in the fiscal 2022 quarter, primarily due to a decrease in sales related to carrier projects involving approved RF components.

Gross profit for the fiscal 2023 quarter decreased by $3.4 million to $3.8 million, and gross margins decreased to 24.4% of sales compared to 30.4% of sales in the fiscal 2022 quarter. The decreases in gross profit and gross margins were primarily related to the overall decrease in sales.

Engineering expenses decreased by $0.1 million to $0.7 million in the fiscal 2023 quarter compared to $0.8 million in the fiscal 2022 quarter. Engineering expenses represent costs incurred relating to the ongoing research and development of current and new products.

Selling and general expenses decreased by $0.3 million to $5.1 million (32.9% of sales) compared to $5.4 million (22.5% of sales) in the third quarter last year primarily due to a decrease in variable compensation related to commissions and bonuses as a result of the lower sales. We also incurred a one-time charge of $194,000 (related to the move of our C Enterprises and Microlab divisions, and including system implementation charges and severance) compared to acquisition-related expenses and a one-time charge of $114,000 (including professional fees, system implementation charges and severance).

For the fiscal 2023 quarter, the Custom Cabling segment had pretax loss of $0.7 million and the RF Connector segment had a pretax loss of $1.1 million, as compared to $0.6 million income and $1 million income, respectively, for the comparable quarter last year. The pretax loss at the Custom Cabling segment was due to the decrease in sales of hybrid fiber cables to wireless carrier customers and a decrease in sales of small cell products and systems to customers in the Tier-1 wireless ecosystem. The decrease in the pretax net income at the RF Connector segment was primarily due to the decrease in Microlab sales related to carrier projects involving approved RF components.

For fiscal 2023 and 2022 quarters, we recorded income tax (benefit) provision of ($482,000) and $140,000, respectively. The effective tax rate was 22.7% for the fiscal 2023 quarter, compared to 15.4% for the fiscal 2022 quarter. The change in the effective tax rate from the fiscal 2022 quarter to fiscal 2023 quarter was primarily driven by the increased benefit from research and development credits and the Company's full year forecasted financial loss.

For the fiscal 2023 quarter, net loss was $1.6 million and fully diluted loss per share was $0.16, compared to a net income of $0.8 million and fully diluted earnings per share of $0.08 for the fiscal 2022 quarter. For the fiscal 2023 quarter, the diluted weighted average shares outstanding was 10,290,265 as compared to 10,238,932 for the fiscal 2022 quarter.

Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023 vs. Nine Months Ended July 31, 2022

Net sales for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 (the “fiscal 2023 nine-month period”) of $56.3 million decreased by 9.6%, or $6.0 million, compared to the nine months ended July 31, 2022 (the “fiscal 2022 nine-month period”). The decrease in net sales is attributable to the Custom Cabling segment, which decreased by $9.5 million, or 23.6%, to $30.8 million compared to $40.3 million in the fiscal 2022 nine-month period, primarily related to wireless carrier network deployment slowdowns across the industry in 2023 impacting both our hybrid fiber sales and our small cell and direct air cooling products. Net sales for the fiscal 2023 nine-month period at the RF Connector segment increased by $3.6 million, or 16.4%, to $25.5 million compared to $21.9 million in the fiscal 2022 nine-month period. The increase was primarily the result of the Microlab acquisition on March 1, 2022.

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Gross profit for the fiscal 2023 nine-month period decreased by $2.4 million to $15.0 million and gross margins decreased to 26.7% of sales from 28.0% of sales in the fiscal 2022 nine-month period. The decreases in gross profit and gross margins were primarily related to the overall decrease in sales.

Engineering expenses increased by $0.4 million to $2.5 million for the fiscal 2023 nine-month period compared to $2.1 million in the fiscal 2022 nine-month period. The increase was primarily due to additional engineering expenses during the fiscal 2023 nine-month period related to the engineering efforts associated with our integrated systems products and three full quarters of Microlab. Engineering expenses represent costs incurred relating to the ongoing research and development of new products.

Selling and general expenses increased by $1.4 million to $15.2 million (27.0% of sales) compared to $13.8 million (22.2% of sales) in the nine-month period last year. Microlab, which was acquired on March 1, 2022, accounted for $3.6 million of the selling and general expenses, as compared to $2.0 million for the same period last fiscal year. The increase at Microlab was offset by decreases in variable compensation related to commissions and bonus as a result of the lower sales overall. We also incurred one-time charges totaling $0.8 million related to an additional rent expense of $444,000 (of which $387,000 was non-cash) related to lease accounting, $213,000 in facility move expenses, severance of $75,000 and $45,000 in ERP system implementations in the fiscal 2023 nine-month period compared to acquisition related expenses and other one-time charges (including attorney fees, due diligence and broker fees) which accounted for $1.6 million for the fiscal 2022 nine-month period.

For the fiscal 2023 nine-month period, we recorded a pretax loss for the Custom Cabling segment of $0.8 million and a pretax loss for the RF Connector segment of $1.2 million, as compared to $1.7 million and $1.6 million of income, respectively, for the comparable nine-month period last year. The pretax loss at the Custom Cabling segment was primarily due to the decrease in sales of hybrid fiber cables to our wireless carrier customers and a decrease in sales of small cell products and systems to customers in the Tier-1 wireless ecosystem. The decrease in the pretax net income at the RF Connector segment was primarily due to the decrease in sales related to carrier projects involving approved RF components.

For the fiscal 2023 and 2022 nine-month periods, we recorded income tax (benefit) provision of ($806,000) and $196,000, respectively. The effective tax rate was 26.6% for the fiscal 2023 nine-month period, compared to 16.4% for the fiscal 2022 nine-month period. The change in effective tax rate for the fiscal 2023 and 2022 nine-month periods was primarily driven by stock-based compensation windfall/shortfalls and the Company’s full year forecasted financial loss.

For the fiscal 2023 nine-month period, net loss was $2.2 million and fully diluted loss per share was $0.22 as compared to a net income of $1.0 million and fully diluted earnings per share of $0.10 for the fiscal 2022 nine-month period. For the fiscal 2023 nine-month period, the diluted weighted average shares outstanding was 10,267,652 as compared to 10,223,209 for the fiscal 2022 nine-month period.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) that are designed to assure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide reasonable assurance only of achieving the desired control objectives, and we necessarily are required to apply our judgment in weighing the costs and benefits of possible new or different controls and procedures. Limitations are inherent in all control systems, so no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and any fraud have been detected. Because of the inherent limitations, we regularly review our system of internal control over financial reporting and make changes to our processes and systems to improve controls and increase efficiency, and to maintain an effective internal control environment. Changes may include such activities as implementing new, more efficient systems, consolidating activities, and migrating processes.

As required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), as of the end of the period covered by this report, we, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date.

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the third quarter of fiscal 2023, there were no changes in the internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. As of the date of this report, we are not subject to any proceeding that is not in the ordinary course of business or that is material to the financial condition of our business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition and operating results are affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including risks specific to us or our industry, as well as risks that affect businesses in general. In addition to the information and risk factors set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on January 24, 2023. The risks disclosed in such Annual Report and in this Quarterly Report could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations and thus our stock price. We believe there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in the Annual Report. However, additional risks and uncertainties not currently known or which we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

These risk factors may be important to understanding other statements in this Quarterly Report and should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements” and Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Because of such risk factors, as well as other factors affecting the Company’s financial condition and operating results, past financial performance should not be considered to be a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table sets forth information regarding the shares of common stock cancelled, and deemed to have been repurchased, during the three months ended July 31, 2023 in connection with employee tax withholding for shares of restricted stock that vested under our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan:

Period	Total number of shares purchased		Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs		Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
May 2023		-	$	-		-	$	-
June 2023		-	$	-		-	$	-
July 2023		486	$	4.07		-	$	-

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5. Other Information

Waiver and Amendment to Loan Agreement

On September 12, 2023, we entered into Amendment No. 1 and Waiver to the Loan Agreement, dated as of February 25, 2022, (the “Loan Amendment”) with Bank of America, N.A. (the “Bank”). The Loan Amendment, among other matters, provided for a one-time waiver of our failure to maintain (i) consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio not exceeding 3.00 to 1.00 (the “Debt Test”), measured as of the last day of each calendar quarter, for the period ended July 31, 2023; and (ii) consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1.00 (the “FCCR Test”), measured as of the last day of each calendar quarter, for the period ended July 31, 2023. The Loan Amendment also waives testing for compliance with the Debt Test and FCCR Test for the quarterly periods ending October 31, 2023, January 31, 2024, April 30, 2024, and July 31, 2024, with the Debt Test and FCCR Test resuming with the period ending October 31, 2024, and continuing thereafter on a trailing 12-month basis. Further, pursuant to the Loan Amendment, we are required to maintain (i) (a) until September 21, 2023, minimum liquidity (week-end cash balance plus availability from the revolving line of credit) of $4.0 million, and (b) from September 22, 2023 and thereafter, liquidity equal to the greater of (1) $4.0 million or (2) 80% of the liquidity that was forecast for this date at the fourth week of the forecast; and (ii) minimum EBITDA of ($400,000), $500,000, $1.0 million, and $1.0 million for the quarters ending October 31, 2023, January 31, 2024, April 30, 2024, and July 31, 2024, respectively. The effectiveness of the Loan Amendment is conditioned upon, among other things, our payment of a waiver fee of $50,000, and each guarantor’s execution of a consent to the Loan Amendment and reaffirmation of its obligations under its respective guaranty.

The foregoing summary description of the Loan Amendment is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Loan Amendment, a copy of which is included as Exhibit 10.3 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Insider Trading Arrangements

During the quarterly period ended July 31, 2023, no director or officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, and/or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined pursuant to Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).  

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit
Number
3.1	Amended and Restated Bylaws of RF Industries, Ltd (incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on June 14, 2023).
10.1	Third Amendment to Lease by and between Sorrento West Properties, Inc. and RF Industries, Ltd., dated July 11, 2023 (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 13, 2023).
10.2	Managed Client Agreement between RF Industries, Ltd. and RGN-MCA San Diego II, LLC, dated June 27, 2023 (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 13, 2023).
10.3	Amendment No. 1 and Waiver to Loan Agreement, between Bank of America, N.A. and RF Industries, Ltd., dated September 12, 2023.
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema.
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	RF INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Date: September 14, 2023	By:	/s/ Robert Dawson
		Robert Dawson President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: September 14, 2023	By:	/s/ Peter Yin
		Peter Yin Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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EX-10.3

Exhibit 10.3

AMENDMENT NO. 1 AND WAIVER TO LOAN AGREEMENT

This Amendment No. 1 and Waiver to Loan Agreement (the “Amendment”) dated as of September 12, 2023 and effective as of September 12, 2023 is between Bank of America, N.A. (the “Bank”) and RF Industries, Ltd., a Nevada corporation (the “Borrower”).

RECITALS

A. The Bank and the Borrower entered into a certain Loan Agreement dated as February 25, 2022 (together with any previous amendments, “Agreement”).

B. The Bank and the Borrower desire to amend the Agreement.

AGREEMENT

1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Amendment shall have the meaning given to them in the Agreement.

2. Amendments. The Agreement is hereby amended as follows:

2.1         Paragraph 2.4(b) is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

“(b)    The ‘BSBY Daily Floating Rate’ is a fluctuating rate of interest which can change on each banking day. The rate will be adjusted on each banking day to equal the BSBY Screen Rate for U.S. Dollar deposits two (2) U.S. Government Securities Business Days prior to the date of determination for a one month term beginning on that date; provided that if such rate is not published on such determination date then the rate will be the BSBY Screen Rate on the first U.S. Government Securities Business Days immediately prior thereto. ‘BSBY Screen Rate’ means the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index rate (‘BSBY’) administered by Bloomberg Index Services Limited and published on the applicable Bloomberg screen page (or such other commercially available source providing such quotations as may be designated by the Bank from time to time). ‘U.S. Government Securities Business Day’ means any banking day, except any banking day on which any of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, the New York Stock Exchange or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is not open for business because such day is a legal holiday under the federal laws of the United States or the laws of the State of New York, as applicable. If at any time the BSBY Daily Floating Rate is less than zero, such rate shall be deemed to be zero for the purposes of this Agreement.”

2.2         Paragraph 5.5 is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

“5.5         Banking Days.

Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, a banking day is a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks are authorized to close, or are in fact closed, in the state where the Bank’s lending office is located, and, if such day relates to amounts bearing interest at a Reference Rate, in New York City. All payments and disbursements which would be due or which are received on a day which is not a banking day will be due or applied, as applicable, on the next banking day.”

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2.3         Paragraph 5.8 is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

“5.8         Successor Rate.

If at any time an interest rate index provided for in this Agreement (a ‘Reference Rate’) is not available at such time for any reason or the Bank makes the determination to incorporate or adopt a new interest rate index to replace such Reference Rate in credit agreements, then the Bank may replace such Reference Rate with an alternate interest rate index and adjustment, if applicable, as reasonably selected by the Bank, giving due consideration to any evolving or then existing conventions for such interest rate index and adjustment (any such successor interest rate index, as adjusted, the ‘Successor Rate’). In connection with the implementation of any Successor Rate, the Bank will have the right, from time to time, in good faith to make any conforming, technical, administrative or operational changes to this Agreement as may be appropriate to reflect the adoption and administration thereof and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other loan document, any amendments to this Agreement implementing such conforming changes will become effective upon notice to the Borrower without any further action or consent of the other parties hereto. If at any time any Successor Rate is less than zero, such rate shall be deemed to be zero for the purposes of this Agreement.”

2.4         The following is hereby added to the Agreement as a new Paragraph 8.2(b):

“(b)         Within 45 days after month end, monthly and year-to-date financial statements for the Borrower. These financial statements may be Borrower-prepared.”

2.5         The following is hereby added to the Agreement as a new Paragraph 8.2(c):

“(c)         Within 5 days after each week end, a 4-week cash flow projection. This report may be Borrower prepared.”

2.6         Paragraph 8.5 is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

“8.5         Minimum EBITDA.

To maintain at least the amounts indicated for each period specified below:

Period	Amount
For the quarter ending October 31, 2023	($400,000.00)
For the quarter ending January 31, 2024	$500,000.00
For the quarter ending April 30, 2024	$1,000,000.00
For the quarter ending July 31, 2024	$1,000,000.00

‘EBITDA’ means net income, less income or plus loss from discontinued operations and unusual and infrequent items, including non-recurring expenses related to acquisition, (agreed to at the sole discretion of the Bank), plus non-cash stock compensation, plus income taxes, plus interest expense, plus depreciation, depletion, and amortization.”

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2.7         The following is hereby added to the Agreement as a new Paragraph 8.24:

“8.24         Minimum Liquidity.

(a)         Until September 21, 2023, to maintain Liquidity of at least $4,000,000.00.

(b)         From September 22, 2023 and thereafter, to maintain Liquidity equal to the greater of (i) $4,000,000.00 or (ii) 80% of the amount of Liquidity that had been forecast for this date when this was the fourth week of the forecast defined in 8.2 (c).

This covenant to be measured each week upon receipt of the 4-week cash flow projection, at which time the prior week-end Liquidity will be tested.

‘Liquidity’ for each week is defined as the Ending Cash Balance plus the amount of borrowing availability under Facility 1.

‘Ending Cash Balance’ is defined as week-end cash balance as shown on the Borrower’s 4-week cash forecast.”

3 Waiver of Specified Defaults. The Borrower is currently in default under the terms of the Agreement as a result of (i) failure of the Borrower to maintain on a consolidated basis a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of at least 1.25:1.0 (the “FCCR Test”), measured as of the last day of each calendar quarter, for the period ended July 31, 2023, and (ii) failure of the Borrower to maintain on a consolidated basis a ratio of Funded Debt to EBITDA not exceeding 3.00:1.0 (the “FD Test”), measured as of the last day of each calendar quarter, for the period ended July 31, 2023 (collectively, the “Specified Defaults”). The Bank hereby agrees (i) to waive the Specified Defaults and (ii) waive testing of the FCCR Test and the FD Test for the periods ending October 31, 2023, January 31, 2024, April 30, 2024 and July 31, 2024, with the FCCR Test and the FD Test resuming with the period ending October 31, 2024 and thereafter on a trailing 12-month basis. The waiver set forth above has been granted solely for the purposes described in this paragraph on a one-time basis. No other approval, consent, forbearance, waiver, modification or amendment to the Agreement is implied or granted.

4. Effectiveness of Waiver. This waiver applies only to the Specified Defaults and shall be effective only to the extent specifically set forth herein and shall not (a) be construed as a waiver of any breach, default or event of default other than the Specified Defaults, (b) be construed as a waiver of any covenant testing other than the FCCR Test and the FD Test for the periods set forth above, (c) affect the right of the Bank to demand compliance by the Borrower with all terms and conditions of the Agreement and all documents executed in connection therewith (collectively with the Agreement, the “Loan Documents”) except as specifically waived by this Amendment, (d) be deemed a waiver of any transaction or future action on the part of the Borrower requiring the Bank’s consent or approval under the Agreement or Loan Documents, or (e) except as waived hereby, be deemed or construed to be a waiver or release of, or a limitation upon, the Bank’s exercise of any rights or remedies under the Agreement or any other Loan Document, whether arising as a consequence of any default or event of default which may now exist or otherwise, all such rights and remedies hereby being expressly reserved. All terms and conditions of the Agreement and the other Loan Documents remain unchanged.

5. Representations and Warranties. When the Borrower signs this Amendment, the Borrower represents and warrants to the Bank that: (a) there is no event which is, or with notice or lapse of time or both would be, a default under the Agreement except those events, if any, that have been disclosed in writing to the Bank or waived in writing by the Bank; (b) the representations and warranties in the Agreement are true as of the date of this Amendment as if made on the date of this Amendment; (c) this Amendment does not conflict with any law, agreement, or obligation by which the Borrower is bound; (d) if the Borrower is a business entity or a trust, this Amendment is within the Borrower’s powers, has been duly authorized, and does not conflict with any of the Borrower’s organizational papers; (e) as of the date of this Amendment and throughout the term of the Agreement, no Borrower or guarantor, if any, is (1) an employee benefit plan subject to Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), (2) a plan or account subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”); (3) an entity deemed to hold “plan assets” of any such plans or accounts for purposes of ERISA or the Code; or (4) a “governmental plan” within the meaning of ERISA; and (f) as of the date of this Amendment, the information included in the Beneficial Ownership Certification, if applicable, is true and correct in all respects. “Beneficial Ownership Certification” means a certification regarding beneficial ownership required by the Beneficial Ownership Regulation.

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6. Conditions. This Amendment will be effective when the Bank receives the following items, in form and content acceptable to the Bank:

6.1 Borrower shall have executed and delivered to the Bank this Agreement, and each guarantor shall have executed and delivered to the Bank the Consent and Reaffirmation attached hereto.

6.2 If the Borrower or any guarantor is anything other than a natural person, evidence that the execution, delivery and performance by the Borrower and/or such guarantor of this Amendment and any instrument or agreement required under this Amendment have been duly authorized.

6.3 Payment by the Borrower of a waiver fee in the amount of $50,000.00.

6.4 Payment by the Borrower of all costs, expenses and attorneys’ fees (including allocated costs for in-house legal services) incurred by the Bank in connection with this Amendment.

6.7 Upon the request of the Bank, the Borrower shall have provided to the Bank, and the Bank shall be reasonably satisfied with, the documentation and other information so requested in connection with applicable “know your customer” and anti-money-laundering rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the Patriot Act.

6.6 If the Borrower that qualifies as a “legal entity customer” under the Beneficial Ownership Regulation, the Borrower shall have delivered, to the Bank, a Beneficial Ownership Certification in relation to the Borrower.

7. Effect of Amendment. Except as provided in this Amendment, all of the terms and conditions of the Agreement, including, but not limited to, the Dispute Resolution Provision, shall remain in full force and effect.

8. Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed an original, but all such counterparts together shall constitute but one and the same instrument.

9. General Release. In consideration of the Bank’s waiver, the Borrower hereby releases and forever discharges the Bank and the Bank’s, respective predecessors, successors, assigns, officers, managers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys, representatives, and affiliates (collectively referred to as the “Bank Group”), from any and all presently existing claims, demands, damages, liabilities, actions and causes of action of any nature whatsoever, including, without limitation, all claims, demands, and causes of action for contribution and indemnity, whether arising at law or in equity, whether known or unknown, whether liability be direct or indirect, liquidated or unliquidated, whether absolute or contingent, foreseen or unforeseen, and whether or not heretofore asserted, which the Borrower may have or claim to have against any of the Bank Group arising out of facts or events in any way related to the Agreement and all documents executed in connection therewith (collectively with the Agreement, the “Loan Documents”) and/or the loan transactions evidenced thereby and which have occurred on or on or prior to the date hereof.

- 4 -

A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS THAT THE CREDITOR OR RELEASING PARTY DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE AND THAT, IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER, WOULD HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR OR RELEASED PARTY.

10. Electronic Records and Signatures. This Amendment and any document, amendment, approval, consent, information, notice, certificate, request, statement, disclosure or authorization related to this Amendment (each a “Communication”), including Communications required to be in writing, may, if agreed by the Bank, be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures, including, without limitation, facsimile and/or .pdf. The Borrower agrees that any Electronic Signature (including, without limitation, facsimile or .pdf) on or associated with any Communication shall be valid and binding on the Borrower to the same extent as a manual, original signature, and that any Communication entered into by Electronic Signature, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Borrower enforceable against the Borrower in accordance with the terms thereof to the same extent as if a manually executed original signature was delivered to the Bank. Any Communication may be executed in as many counterparts as necessary or convenient, including both paper and electronic counterparts, but all such counterparts are one and the same Communication. For the avoidance of doubt, the authorization under this paragraph may include, without limitation, use or acceptance by the Bank of a manually signed paper Communication which has been converted into electronic form (such as scanned into PDF format), or an electronically signed Communication converted into another format, for transmission, delivery and/or retention. The Bank may, at its option, create one or more copies of any Communication in the form of an imaged Electronic Record (“Electronic Copy”), which shall be deemed created in the ordinary course of the Bank’s business, and destroy the original paper document. All Communications in the form of an Electronic Record, including an Electronic Copy, shall be considered an original for all purposes, and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Bank is under no obligation to accept an Electronic Signature in any form or in any format unless expressly agreed to by the Bank pursuant to procedures approved by it; provided, further, without limiting the foregoing, (a) to the extent the Bank has agreed to accept such Electronic Signature, the Bank shall be entitled to rely on any such Electronic Signature purportedly given by or on behalf of any Obligor without further verification and (b) upon the request of the Bank any Electronic Signature shall be promptly followed by a manually executed, original counterpart. For purposes hereof, “Electronic Record” and “Electronic Signature” shall have the meanings assigned to them, respectively, by 15 USC §7006, as it may be amended from time to time.

11. FINAL AGREEMENT. BY SIGNING THIS DOCUMENT EACH PARTY REPRESENTS AND AGREES THAT: (A) THIS DOCUMENT REPRESENTS THE FINAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE SUBJECT MATTER HEREOF; (B) THIS DOCUMENT SUPERSEDES ANY COMMITMENT LETTER, TERM SHEET OR OTHER WRITTEN OUTLINE OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS RELATING TO THE SUBJECT MATTER HEREOF, UNLESS SUCH COMMITMENT LETTER, TERM SHEET OR OTHER WRITTEN OUTLINE OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS EXPRESSLY PROVIDES TO THE CONTRARY; (C) THERE ARE NO UNWRITTEN ORAL AGREEMENTS BETWEEN THE PARTIES; AND (D) THIS DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE CONTRADICTED BY EVIDENCE OF ANY PRIOR, CONTEMPORANEOUS, OR SUBSEQUENT ORAL AGREEMENTS OR UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE PARTIES.

[Signatures on following page(s).]

- 5 -

This Amendment is executed as of the date stated at the beginning of this Amendment.

Bank of America, N.A.		RF Industries, Ltd., a Nevada corporation
By:	/s/ John W. Faassen	By:	/s/ Peter Yin
Name:	John W. Faassen	Name:	Peter Yin
Title:	Senior Vice President	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

S-1

CONSENT AND REAFFIRMATION OF GUARANTORS AND PLEDGORS

Each of the undersigned (collectively referred to as the “Credit Support Providers”) is a guarantor of, and/or is a pledgor of collateral for, the Borrower’s obligations to the Bank under the Agreement. Each Credit Support Provider hereby (i) acknowledges and consents to the foregoing Amendment, (ii) reaffirms its obligations under its respective guaranty in favor of the Bank and/or under any agreement under which it has granted to the Bank a lien or security interest in any of its real or personal property, and (iii) confirms that such guaranty and other agreements, including but not limited to the Dispute Resolution Provision, remain in full force and effect, without defense, offset, or counterclaim. (Capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings specified in the foregoing Amendment.)

Although each of the undersigned has been informed of the terms of the Amendment, each understands and agrees that the Bank has no duty to so notify it or any other guarantor/pledgor or to seek this or any future acknowledgment, consent or reaffirmation, and nothing contained herein shall create or imply any such duty as to any transactions, past or future.

In consideration of the Bank’s waiver in the foregoing amendment, each Credit Support Provider hereby releases and forever discharges the Bank and the Bank’s, respective predecessors, successors, assigns, officers, managers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys, representatives, and affiliates (collectively referred to as the “Bank Group”), from any and all presently existing claims, demands, damages, liabilities, actions and causes of action of any nature whatsoever, including, without limitation, all claims, demands, and causes of action for contribution and indemnity, whether arising at law or in equity, whether known or unknown, whether liability be direct or indirect, liquidated or unliquidated, whether absolute or contingent, foreseen or unforeseen, and whether or not heretofore asserted, which such Credit Support Provider may have or claim to have against any of the Bank Group arising out of facts or events in any way related to the Loan Documents and/or the loan transactions evidenced thereby and which have occurred on or on or prior to the date hereof. Each Credit Support Provider hereby specifically waives the benefit of California Civil Code Section 1542 which states:

A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS THAT THE CREDITOR OR RELEASING PARTY DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE AND THAT, IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER, WOULD HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR OR RELEASED PARTY.

G-1

Dated as of September 12, 2023. Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc., a Connecticut corporation     By: /s/ Peter Yin                            Name: Peter Yin Title: Chief Financial Officer     Cables Unlimited, Inc., a New York corporation     By: /s/ Peter Yin                            Name: Peter Yin Title: Chief Financial Officer     C Enterprises, Inc., a California corporation     By: /s/ Peter Yin                            Name: Peter Yin Title: Chief Financial Officer     Schroff Technologies International, Inc., a Rhode Island corporation     By: /s/ Peter Yin                            Name: Peter Yin Title: Chief Financial Officer     Microlab/FXR LLC, a New Jersey limited liability company   By:         RF Industries, Ltd., a Nevada corporation, its Sole Member     By: /s/ Peter Yin                            Name: Peter Yin Title: Chief Financial Officer

G-2

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Robert Dawson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of RF Industries, Ltd.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: September 14, 2023	/s/ Robert Dawson
	Robert Dawson
	President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Peter Yin, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of RF Industries, Ltd.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: September 14, 2023	/s/ Peter Yin
	Peter Yin
	Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. § 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of RF Industries, Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Robert Dawson, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: September 14, 2023	/s/ Robert Dawson
	Robert Dawson
	President and Chief Executive Officer

 The foregoing certifications are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of RF Industries, Ltd. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. § 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of RF Industries, Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Peter Yin, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: September 14, 2023	/s/ Peter Yin
	Peter Yin
	Chief Financial Officer

The foregoing certifications are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of RF Industries, Ltd. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Sep. 14, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jul. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-13301
Entity Registrant Name	R F INDUSTRIES LTD
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NV
Entity Tax Identification Number	88-0168936
Entity Address, Address Line One	16868 Via Del Campo Court, Suite 200
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92127
City Area Code	858
Local Phone Number	549-6340
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share
Trading Symbol	RFIL
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		10,289,891
Entity Central Index Key	0000740664
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--10-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,063	$ 4,532
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $271 and $126, respectively	9,293	14,812
Inventories	20,204	21,054
Other current assets	1,280	5,849
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS	34,840	46,247
Property and equipment:
Equipment and tooling	4,764	4,497
Furniture and office equipment	5,491	3,447
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	10,255	7,944
Less accumulated depreciation	5,287	4,771
Total property and equipment, net	4,968	3,173
Operating lease right of use assets, net	11,961	13,480
Goodwill	8,085	8,085
Amortizable intangible assets, net	14,017	15,296
Non-amortizable intangible assets	1,174	1,174
Deferred tax assets	2,734	1,816
Other assets	277	295
TOTAL ASSETS	$ 78,056	$ 89,566

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Current	$ 224	$ 126

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$ 2,702	$ 5,652
Accrued expenses	4,507	8,814
Revolving credit facility	1,000	0
Current portion of Term Loan	2,424	2,424
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,418	1,887
Income taxes payable	0	759
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES	12,051	19,536
Operating lease liabilities	14,276	15,025
Term Loan, net of debt issuance cost	11,325	13,136
TOTAL LIABILITIES	37,652	47,697
Commitments and Contingencies
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock - authorized 20,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value; 10,290,377 and 10,193,287 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively	103	102
Additional paid-in capital	25,878	25,118
Retained earnings	14,423	16,649
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	40,404	41,869
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 78,056	$ 89,566

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
Common Stock, Shares Authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Stock, Shares, Issued (in shares)	10,289,891	10,193,287
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding (in shares)	10,289,891	10,193,287

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022
Net sales	$ 15,652,000	$ 23,842,000	$ 56,294,000	$ 62,265,000
Cost of sales	11,828,000	16,594,000	41,263,000	44,853,000
Gross profit	3,824,000	7,248,000	15,031,000	17,412,000
Operating expenses:
Engineering	690,000	791,000	2,535,000	2,101,000
Selling and general	5,144,000	5,369,000	15,186,000	13,838,000
Total operating expenses	5,834,000	6,160,000	17,721,000	15,939,000
Operating loss	(2,010,000)	1,088,000	(2,690,000)	1,473,000
Other (expense) income	(117,000)	(177,000)	(342,000)	(280,000)
Loss before provision for income taxes	(2,127,000)	911,000	(3,032,000)	1,193,000
Benefit from income taxes	(482,000)	140,000	(806,000)	196,000
Consolidated net loss	$ (1,645,000)	$ 771,000	$ (2,226,000)	$ 997,000
(Loss) earnings per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.16)	$ 0.08	$ (0.22)	$ 0.10
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.16)	$ 0.08	$ (0.22)	$ 0.10
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	10,290,265	10,127,244	10,267,652	10,100,767
Diluted (in shares)	10,290,265	10,238,932	10,267,652	10,233,209

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2021	10,058,571
Balance at Oct. 31, 2021	$ 101	$ 24,301	$ 15,201	$ 39,603
Exercise of stock options	1	149	0	150
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 0	498	0	498
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	(2,900)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock	$ 0	(19)	0	(19)
Consolidated net loss	$ 0	0	997	997
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	60,854
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)	39,666
Issuance of restricted stock	$ 0	0	0	0
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	2,900
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock	$ 0	19	0	19
Balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2022	10,156,191
Balance at Jul. 31, 2022	$ 102	24,929	16,198	41,229
Balance (in shares) at Apr. 30, 2022	10,118,685
Balance at Apr. 30, 2022	$ 102	24,648	15,427	40,177
Exercise of stock options	$ 0	93		93
Stock-based compensation expense		191		191
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	(421)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(3)		(3)
Consolidated net loss			771	771
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	37,927
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	421
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		3		3
Balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2022	10,156,191
Balance at Jul. 31, 2022	$ 102	24,929	16,198	41,229
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2022	10,193,287
Balance at Oct. 31, 2022	$ 102	25,118	16,649	$ 41,869
Exercise of stock options (in shares)				45,000
Balance (in shares) at Apr. 30, 2023	10,290,377
Balance at Apr. 30, 2023	$ 103	25,634	16,068	$ 41,805
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2022	10,193,287
Balance at Oct. 31, 2022	$ 102	25,118	16,649	41,869
Exercise of stock options	$ 0	85		85
Stock-based compensation expense		687		687
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	(2,488)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(12)		(12)
Issuance of restricted stock		0
Consolidated net loss			(2,226)	(2,226)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	45,000
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)	54,092
Issuance of restricted stock	$ 1
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	2,488
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		12		12
Balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2023	10,289,891
Balance at Jul. 31, 2023	$ 103	25,878	14,423	40,404
Balance (in shares) at Apr. 30, 2023	10,290,377
Balance at Apr. 30, 2023	$ 103	25,634	16,068	41,805
Exercise of stock options	$ 0
Stock-based compensation expense		0
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	(486)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(2)		(2)
Issuance of restricted stock		0
Consolidated net loss			(1,645)	(1,645)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	486
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		2		2
Balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2023	10,289,891
Balance at Jul. 31, 2023	$ 103	$ 25,878	$ 14,423	$ 40,404

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated net loss	$ (2,226)	$ 997
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Bad debt expense	82	13
Depreciation and amortization	1,795	1,155
Stock-based compensation expense	687	498
Amortization of debt issuance cost	7	4
Tax payments related to shares cancelled for vested restricted stock awards	(12)	(19)
Deferred income taxes	(918)	126
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	5,438	229
Inventories	850	(3,980)
Other current assets	4,570	(1,006)
Right of use assets	300	78
Other long-term assets	(18)	224
Accounts payable	(2,950)	1,464
Accrued expenses	(4,307)	1,261
Income taxes payable	(760)	0
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,574	596
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures	(2,311)	(430)
Purchase of Microlab, net of cash acquired ($33)	0	(24,442)
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,311)	(24,872)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	86	149
Debt issuance cost	0	(32)
Revolving credit facility	1,000	(0)
Term Loan payments	(1,818)	(808)
Term Loan	0	17,000
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(732)	16,309
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(469)	(7,967)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	4,532	13,053
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	4,063	5,086
Supplemental cash flow information – income taxes paid	$ 19	$ 223

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Cash Acquired from Acquisition	$ 33

XML

Note 1 - Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

Note 1 – Unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which are normal and recurring, have been included for a fair statement of the financial position. Information included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2022 has been derived from, and certain terms used herein are defined in, the audited consolidated financial statements of RF Industries, Ltd. as of October 31, 2022 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the year ended October 31, 2022 that was previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Operating results for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended October 31, 2023. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Form 10-K.

Our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets, and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The propriety of using the going-concern basis is dependent upon, among other things, the achievement of future profitable operations, the ability to generate sufficient cash from operations and potential other funding sources, in addition to cash on-hand along with the current Credit Facility (as defined below), to meet its obligations as they become due.

Although we have incurred operating losses during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, we have implemented certain cost-cutting measures to reduce our operating expenses and to help drive positive operating cash flow and increase liquidity. Our plan includes consolidating facilities and recognizing the related operating efficiencies and synergies in our production operations. The Company intends to continue to pursue additional continuous improvement and cost reduction measures, as well as organic growth in revenue and profitability.

Management believes that these actions will enable the Company to continue as a going concern through at least 12 months from the date these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are available to be issued.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods ended on or before January 31, 2022 include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd. and our four wholly-owned subsidiaries: Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), and Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (“Schrofftech”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd. and our five wholly-owned subsidiaries: Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (“Schrofftech”), and Microlab/FXR LLC (“Microlab”). Microlab is a wholly-owned subsidiary that RF Industries, Ltd. acquired on March 1, 2022. For periods on or before January 31, 2022, references herein to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” shall refer to RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech and for all periods after January 31, 2022, reference to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” shall refer to RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, Schrofftech and Microlab. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Fair value measurement

We measure at fair value certain financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:

Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

Level 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

As of July 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, the carrying amounts reflected in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their carrying value due to their short-term nature.

Recent accounting standards

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), which pushes back the effective date for public business entities that are smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 2 – Business acquisition

On March 1, 2022, the Company completed its purchase (the “Purchase Transaction”) of 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Microlab, a New Jersey limited liability company, from Wireless Telecom Group, Inc, a New Jersey corporation (the “Seller”) pursuant to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) dated December 16, 2021, with the Seller. The consideration for the Purchase Transaction was $24,250,000, subject to certain post-closing adjustments as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price was paid in cash at the closing. The Company funded $17 million of the cash purchase price from the funds obtained under the Term Loan (as defined in Note 13) and paid the remaining amount of the cash purchase price with cash on hand. During the three months ended July 31, 2022, we paid an additional $225,000 in purchase consideration as a result of certain post-closing adjustments relating to net working capital.

The acquisition was accounted for with the acquisition method of accounting. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities have been recorded at their estimated fair values. We determined the estimated fair values with the assistance of appraisals or valuations performed by an independent third-party specialist. Microlab designs and manufactures high-performance radio frequency and microwave products enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks. The Microlab acquisition further diversifies and strengthens the portfolio of products that we offer to the market and allows us to provide a more complete solution to our customers in key market segments. All manufacturing operations are performed at Microlab’s facilities in New Jersey.

The acquisition closed on March 1, 2022, accordingly, subsequent to March 1, 2022, Microlab’s financial results have been included in the results of the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment as well as in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company expects the goodwill recorded to be deductible for income tax purposes. Acquired amortizable intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from one to 15 years. Total costs, as of October 31, 2022, related to the acquisition of Microlab were approximately $1.3 million and have been expensed as incurred and categorized in selling and general expenses.

The following table summarizes the components of the purchase price at fair values at March 1, 2022:

Cash consideration paid at closing	$	24,250,000
Post-closing adjustment		225,000
Total consideration transferred	$	24,475,000

The following table summarizes the allocation of the preliminary purchase price at fair value at March 1, 2022:

Current assets	$	6,620,000
Property and equipment		198,000
Intangible assets		13,840,000
Goodwill		5,617,000
Noninterest-bearing liabilities		(1,800,000	)
Net assets acquired at fair value	$	24,475,000

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined operating results of the Company and Microlab as if the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented. Pro forma data is subject to various assumptions and estimates and is presented for informational purposes only. This pro forma data does not purport to represent or be indicative of the consolidated operating results that would have been reported had the transaction been completed as described herein, and the data should not be taken as indicative of future consolidated operating results.

Unaudited pro forma financial information assuming the acquisition of Microlab as of November 1, 2021 is presented in the following table:

	Three Months Ended July 31,					Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Revenue	$	15,652		$	23,842	$	56,294		$	68,369
Net (loss) income		(1,645	)		771		(2,226	)		1,510
(Loss) Earnings per share
Basic	$	(0.16	)	$	0.08	$	(0.22	)	$	0.15
Diluted	$	(0.16	)	$	0.08	$	(0.22	)	$	0.15
Basic		10,290,265			10,127,244		10,267,652			10,100,767
Diluted		10,290,265			10,238,932		10,267,652			10,233,209

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Note 3 - Concentrations of Credit Risk

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Concentration Risk Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 3 – Concentrations of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions. At July 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of approximately $2.9 million.

Sales from each customer that were 10% or greater of net sales were as follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,						Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Wireless provider		*			16	%		13	%		23	%
Distributor A		12	%		*			*			*

For the three months ended July 31, 2023, a distributor customer accounted for 12% of net sales and 12% of total net accounts receivable balance, and a wireless carrier customer accounted for less than 10% of net sales. For the nine months ended July 31, 2023, the same wireless carrier customer accounted for 13% of net sales and 4% of total net accounts receivable balance; for the three months ended July 31, 2022, it accounted for 16% of net sales and 19% of total net accounts receivable balance; for the nine months ended July 31, 2022, it accounted for 23% of net sales and 19% of total net accounts receivable balance. We also have another distributor customer whose sales were less than 10% of our net sales but for which we had an 11% of total net accounts receivable balance for both the three and nine months ended July 31,2023; for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2022, it accounted for 5% of total net account receivable balance. Although these customers have been significant customers of the Company, the written agreements with these customers do not have any minimum purchase obligations and these customers could stop buying our products at any time and for any reason. A reduction, delay or cancellation of orders from these customers or the loss of these customers could significantly reduce our future revenues and profits.

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Note 4 - Inventories and Major Vendors

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 4 – Inventories and major vendors

Inventories, consisting of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost has been determined using the weighted average cost method. Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2023		October 31, 2022
Raw materials and supplies	$	14,107	$	15,238
Work in process		510		439
Finished goods		5,587		5,377
Totals	$	20,204	$	21,054

For the three months ended July 31, 2023, a single vendor accounted for 10% of inventory purchases. For the three months ended July 31, 2022, the same vendor accounted for 17% of inventory purchases. For the nine months ended July 31, 2023, this vendor accounted for 17% of inventory purchases and it accounted for 28% of inventory purchases for the nine months ended July 31, 2022. We have arrangements with this vendor to purchase products based on purchase orders that we periodically issue.

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Note 5 - Other Current Assets

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Other Current Assets [Text Block]

Note 5 – Other current assets

Other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2023		October 31, 2022
Employee retention credit ("ERC")	$	176	$	1,636
Prepaid taxes		30		-
Prepaid expense		665		972
Reimbursement for tenant improvements		-		2,810
Other		409		431
Totals	$	1,280	$	5,849

Pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), eligible employers are able to claim an ERC, which is a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes. If the employer’s employment tax deposits are not sufficient to cover the credit, the employer may get an advance payment from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The period assessed for eligibility of the ERC is on a calendar year basis. As of July 31, 2023, the remaining portion of the ERC that we have not yet received is included as other receivables in other current assets.

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Note 6 - Accrued Expenses and Other Long-term Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Accounts Payable, Accrued Liabilities, and Other Liabilities Disclosure, Noncurrent [Text Block]

Note 6 – Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2023		October 31, 2022
Wages payable	$	2,163	$	3,634
Accrued receipts		1,050		2,136
Other accrued expenses		1,294		1,847
Tenant improvements payable		-		1,197
Totals	$	4,507	$	8,814

Accrued receipts represent purchased inventory for which invoices have not been received.

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Note 7 - Loss Per Share

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

Note 7 – Loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding increased by the effects of assuming that other potentially dilutive securities (such as stock options) outstanding during the period had been exercised and the treasury stock method had been applied. During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 we reported a net loss, and in periods with a net loss, the basic loss per share equals the diluted loss per share as all common stock equivalents are excluded from the per share calculation due to their anti-dilutive effect. Potentially issuable securities that are out-of-the-money totaled 814,154 and 471,464 shares for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 750,967 and 482,889 shares for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and were excluded from the calculation of diluted per share amounts because of their anti-dilutive effect.

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding:

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share		10,290,265		10,127,244		10,267,652		10,100,767
Add effects of potentially dilutive securities-assumed exercise of stock options		-		111,688		-		132,442
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share		10,290,265		10,238,932		10,267,652		10,233,209

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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation and Equity Transactions

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

Note 8 – Stock-based compensation and equity transactions

On January 10, 2022, we granted a total of 39,666 shares of restricted stock and 106,001 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options vested on January 10, 2023; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years. All incentive stock options expire 10 years from the date of grant.

On January 10, 2023, we granted a total of 54,092 shares of restricted stock and 108,181 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options shall vest on January 10, 2024; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years. Also on January 10, 2023, we granted another manager 50,000 incentive stock options. These options shall vest in five equal installments on each of the next five anniversaries of January 10, 2023, the grant date. All incentive stock options expire 10 years from the date of grant.

No other shares or options were granted to company employees during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022.

The weighted average fair value of employee stock options that were granted during the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 was estimated to be $3.21 and $3.77, respectively, per share, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

	Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022
Risk-free interest rate		3.76	%		1.47	%
Dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected life of the option (in years)		7.01			7.00
Volatility factor		54.30	%		53.36	%

Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our stock price and other factors. We used the historical method to calculate the expected life of the 2023 and 2022 option grants. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate with a maturity date corresponding to the options’ expected life. The dividend yield is based upon the historical dividend yield.

Company stock option plans

Descriptions of our stock option plans are included in Note 9 to our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2022. A summary of the status of the options granted under our stock option plans as of July 31, 2023 and the changes in options outstanding during the nine months then ended is presented in the table that follows:

				Weighted
				Average
	Shares			Exercise Price
Outstanding at November 1, 2022		691,005		$	5.87
Options granted		158,181		$	5.46
Options exercised		(45,000	)	$	1.90
Options cancelled		-		$	-
Options outstanding at July 31, 2023		804,186		$	6.01
Options exercisable at July 31, 2023		471,466		$	6.34
Options vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2023		798,697		$	6.02

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding as of July 31, 2023: 6.68 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable as of July 31, 2023: 5.65 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options vested and expected to vest as of July 31, 2023: 6.69 years

Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at July 31, 2023: $124,280

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at July 31, 2023: $80,120

Aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2023: $122,285

As of July 31, 2023, $866,591 and $528,229 of expenses with respect to nonvested stock options and restricted shares, respectively, has yet to be recognized but is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.74 and 1.30 years, respectively.

Stock option expense

During the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation expense totaled $246,000 and $191,000, respectively, and was classified in selling and general expense. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation expense totaled $687,000 and $498,000, respectively, and was classified in selling and general expenses.

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Note 9 - Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 9 – Segment information

We aggregate operating divisions into two reporting segments that have similar economic characteristics primarily in the following areas: (1) the nature of the product and services; (2) the nature of the production process; (3) the type or class of customer for their products and services; (4) the methods used to distribute their products or services; and (5) if applicable, the nature of the regulatory environment. Based upon this evaluation, as of July 31, 2023, we had two reportable segments – RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment and Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment.

The RF Connector segment consists of two divisions and the Custom Cabling segment consists of four divisions. The six divisions that met the quantitative thresholds for segment reporting are the RF Connector and Cable Assembly division (“RF Connector division”), Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, Schrofftech, and Microlab. While each segment has similar products and services, there was little overlapping of these services to their customer base. The biggest difference in segments is in the channels of sales: sales of product and services for the RF Connector segment were primarily through the distribution channel, while the Custom Cabling segment sales were through a combination of distribution and direct to the end user.

Management identifies segments based on strategic business units that are, in turn, based along market lines. These strategic business units offer products and services to different markets in accordance with their customer base and product usage. For segment reporting purposes, the RF Connector and Microlab divisions constitutes the RF Connector segment, and the Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech divisions constitute the Custom Cabling segment.

We evaluate the performance of each segment based on income or loss before income taxes. We charge depreciation and amortization directly to each division within the segment. Accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, right of use assets, goodwill and intangible assets are the only assets identified by segment. Except as discussed above, the accounting policies for segment reporting are the same for the Company as a whole.

All of our operations are conducted in the United States; however, we derive a portion of our revenue from export sales. We attribute sales to geographic areas based on the location of the customers. The following table presents the sales by geographic area for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States	$	13,955	$	19,925	$	50,967	$	56,292
Foreign Countries:
Canada		703		2,218		1,875		3,179
Italy		300		1,214		1,692		1,387
Mexico		-		29		3		106
All Other		694		456		1,757		1,301
		1,697		3,917		5,327		5,973
Totals	$	15,652	$	23,842	$	56,294	$	62,265

Net sales, (loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes and other related segment information for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly			Corporate			Total
2023
Net sales	$	7,799		$	7,853		$	-		$	15,652
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		(1,103	)		(713	)		(311	)		(2,127	)
Depreciation and amortization		488			143			-			631
Total assets		49,175			20,528			8,353			78,056
2022
Net sales	$	10,495		$	13,347		$	-		$	23,842
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		988			600			(677	)		911
Depreciation and amortization		390			147			-			537
Total assets		48,351			26,553			12,291			87,195

Net sales, (loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes and other related segment information for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly			Corporate			Total
2023
Net sales	$	25,507		$	30,787		$	-		$	56,294
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes		(1,162	)		(823	)		(1,047	)		(3,032	)
Depreciation and amortization		1,359			436			-			1,795
Total assets		49,175			20,528			8,353			78,056
2022
Net sales	$	21,928		$	40,337		$	-		$	62,265
Income (loss) before benefit from income taxes		1,621			1,721			(2,149	)		1,193
Depreciation and amortization		720			435			-			1,155
Total assets		48,351			26,553			12,291			87,195

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Note 10 - Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 10 – Income taxes

We use an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate, to determine its quarterly (benefit) provision for income taxes. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.

We recorded income tax (benefits) provisions of ($482,000) and $140,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate was 22.7% for the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to 15.4% for the three months ended July 31, 2022. For the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded income tax (benefits) provisions of ($806,000) and $196,000, respectively. The effective tax rate was 26.6% for the nine months ended July 31, 2023, compared to 16.4% for the nine months ended July 31, 2022. The change in effective tax rate for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the nine months ended July 31, 2022 was primarily driven by stock-based compensation windfall/shortfalls and the Company's full year forecasted financial loss.

We had $168,000 and $121,000 of unrecognized tax benefits, as of July 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively. The unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would result in a net tax benefit of $164,000 as of July 31, 2023.

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Note 11 - Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 11 – Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2023			October 31, 2022
Amortizable intangible assets:
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	$	423		$	423
Accumulated amortization		(367	)		(334	)
		56			89
Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years)		6,058			6,058
Accumulated amortization		(3,364	)		(3,074	)
		2,694			2,984
Backlog (estimated life 1 - 2 years)		327			327
Accumulated amortization		(327	)		(313	)
		-			14
Patents (estimated life 10 - 14 years)		368			368
Accumulated amortization		(167	)		(143	)
		201			225
Tradename (estimated life 15 years)		1,700			1,700
Accumulated amortization		(161	)		(76	)
		1,539			1,624
Proprietary Technology (estimated life 10 years)		11,100			11,100
Accumulated amortization		(1,573	)		(740	)
		9,527			10,360
Totals	$	14,017		$	15,296
Non-amortizable intangible assets:
Trademarks	$	1,174		$	1,174

Amortization expense for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and the year ended October 31, 2022 was $1,279,000 and $1,282,000, respectively. As of July 31, 2023, the weighted-average amortization period for the amortizable intangible assets is 8.78 years.

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Note 12 - Commitments

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 12 – Commitments

We have operating leases for corporate offices, manufacturing facilities, and certain storage units. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to three years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to five years. A portion of our operating leases are leased from K&K Unlimited, a company controlled by Darren Clark, the former owner and current President of Cables Unlimited, to whom we make rent payments totaling $16,000 per month.

We also have other operating leases for certain equipment. The components of our facilities and equipment operating lease expenses for the periods ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	663	$	477	$	2,129	$	1,048

Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	July 31, 2023			October 31, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	281		$	13,352
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in months)		110.12			113.72
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		3.77	%		3.75	%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of July 31, 2023 were as follows:

Year ending October 31,	Operating Leases
2023 (excluding nine months ended July 31, 2023)	$	551
2024		2,036
2025		1,796
2026		1,835
2027		1,874
Thereafter		10,619
Total future minimum lease payments		18,711
Less imputed interest		(3,017	)
Total	$	15,694

Reported as of July 31, 2023	Operating Leases
Other current liabilities	$	1,418
Operating lease liabilities		14,276
Total	$	15,694

As of July 31, 2023, operating lease ROU asset was $12.0 million and operating lease liability totaled $15.7 million, of which $1.4 million is classified as current. There were no finance leases as of July 31, 2023.

On July 11, 2023, we entered into a Third Amendment to Lease (the “Amendment”) with Sorrento West Properties (the “Lessor”), amending that certain AIRCRE Standard Industrial/Commercial Single-Tenant Lease - Net, dated as of December 28, 2021, between the Company and Lessor, under which we lease from Lessor industrial and commercial space located at 16868 Via Del Campo Court, San Diego, California (the “Premises”). The Amendment provides for an increase in tenant improvements by an additional $1,000,000 (the “Additional TIA”) and requires funding of the Additional TIA beginning October 1, 2023, provided certain conditions are met as further set forth in the Amendment. The primary purpose of the Additional TIA is to cover the costs and expenses for the construction, fit-out and furnishing of the adjacent vacant office spaces located at the Premises, which will be subject to the Managed Client Agreement with RGN-MCA San Diego II, LLC (the “Managed Client Agreement”) and managed services arrangement, as previously disclosed. In consideration for the Additional TIA, the Amendment provides for an increase in monthly base rent, effective commencing as of October 1, 2023. The conditions set forth in the Amendment include a finalized build-out budget. The budget for the construction, fit-out and furnishings of the vacant office for RGN-MCA San Diego II, LLC has not been finalized, and we have a right to terminate the Managed Client Agreement should the budget exceed an amount agreed upon. Therefore, we have not reflected this Amendment in our financials as of July 31, 2023, or included it in our disclosure tables.

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Note 13 - Term Loan and Line of Credit

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 13 – Term Loan and Line of credit

In February 2022, we entered into a loan agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) providing for a revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) in the amount of $3.0 million and a $17.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan”, and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Credit Facility”) with Bank of America, N.A. (the “Bank”). Amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility shall bear interest at a rate of 2.0% plus the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index Rate. The maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility is March 1, 2024. The Company drew down the entire amount of the Term Loan on March 1, 2022. The primary interest rate for Term Loan is 3.76% per annum. The maturity date of the Term Loan is March 1, 2027.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility are secured by a security interest in certain assets of the Company and are subject to certain loan covenants. The Credit Facility requires the maintenance of certain financial covenants, including: (i) consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio not to exceed 3.00 to 1.00; (ii) consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1.00; and (iii) consolidated minimum EBITDA of at least $600,000 for the discrete quarter ended January 31, 2022. In addition, the Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants.

As of July 31, 2023, we were not in compliance with the consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio nor were we in compliance with the consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio covenants (the “Defaults”). On September 12, 2023, we entered into Amendment No. 1 and Waiver to the Loan Agreement (the “Loan Amendment”) with the Bank, which, among other matters, provided for a temporary waiver of (i) the Defaults, and (ii) compliance with the consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio and the consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio minimum covenants for the quarterly periods ending October 31, 2023, January 31, 2024, April 30, 2024 and July 31, 2024. Further, pursuant to the Loan Amendment, we are required to maintain (i) (a) until September 21, 2023, minimum liquidity (week-end cash balance plus availability from the Revolving Credit Facility) of $4.0 million, and (b) from September 22, 2023 and thereafter, liquidity equal to the greater of (1) $4.0 million or (2) 80% of the liquidity that had been forecast for this date at the fourth week of the forecast; and (ii) minimum EBITDA of ($400,000), $500,000, $1.0 million, and $1.0 million for the quarters ending October 31, 2023, January 31, 2024, April 30, 2024, and July 31, 2024, respectively.

As of July 31, 2023, we have borrowed $13,768,000 under the Term Loan and $1.0 million from the Revolving Credit Facility.

The foregoing summary description of the Loan Amendment is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Loan Amendment, a copy of which is included as Exhibit 10.3 and is incorporated herein by reference.

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Note 14 - Cash Dividend and Declared Dividends

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Cash Dividend and Declared Dividends [Text Block]

Note 14 – Cash dividend and declared dividends

We did not pay any dividends during the three or nine months ended July 31, 2023, nor did we pay any dividends during the three or nine months ended July 31, 2022.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods ended on or before January 31, 2022 include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd. and our four wholly-owned subsidiaries: Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), and Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (“Schrofftech”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd. and our five wholly-owned subsidiaries: Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (“Schrofftech”), and Microlab/FXR LLC (“Microlab”). Microlab is a wholly-owned subsidiary that RF Industries, Ltd. acquired on March 1, 2022. For periods on or before January 31, 2022, references herein to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” shall refer to RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech and for all periods after January 31, 2022, reference to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” shall refer to RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, Schrofftech and Microlab. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Fair value measurement

We measure at fair value certain financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:

Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

Level 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

As of July 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, the carrying amounts reflected in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their carrying value due to their short-term nature.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent accounting standards

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), which pushes back the effective date for public business entities that are smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Business Acquisitions, by Acquisition [Table Text Block]

Cash consideration paid at closing	$	24,250,000
Post-closing adjustment		225,000
Total consideration transferred	$	24,475,000

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed [Table Text Block]

Current assets	$	6,620,000
Property and equipment		198,000
Intangible assets		13,840,000
Goodwill		5,617,000
Noninterest-bearing liabilities		(1,800,000	)
Net assets acquired at fair value	$	24,475,000

Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,					Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Revenue	$	15,652		$	23,842	$	56,294		$	68,369
Net (loss) income		(1,645	)		771		(2,226	)		1,510
(Loss) Earnings per share
Basic	$	(0.16	)	$	0.08	$	(0.22	)	$	0.15
Diluted	$	(0.16	)	$	0.08	$	(0.22	)	$	0.15
Basic		10,290,265			10,127,244		10,267,652			10,100,767
Diluted		10,290,265			10,238,932		10,267,652			10,233,209

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Note 3 - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,						Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Wireless provider		*			16	%		13	%		23	%
Distributor A		12	%		*			*			*

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Note 4 - Inventories and Major Vendors (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]

	July 31, 2023		October 31, 2022
Raw materials and supplies	$	14,107	$	15,238
Work in process		510		439
Finished goods		5,587		5,377
Totals	$	20,204	$	21,054

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Note 5 - Other Current Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Other Current Assets [Table Text Block]

	July 31, 2023		October 31, 2022
Employee retention credit ("ERC")	$	176	$	1,636
Prepaid taxes		30		-
Prepaid expense		665		972
Reimbursement for tenant improvements		-		2,810
Other		409		431
Totals	$	1,280	$	5,849

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Note 6 - Accrued Expenses and Other Long-term Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]

	July 31, 2023		October 31, 2022
Wages payable	$	2,163	$	3,634
Accrued receipts		1,050		2,136
Other accrued expenses		1,294		1,847
Tenant improvements payable		-		1,197
Totals	$	4,507	$	8,814

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Note 7 - Loss Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share		10,290,265		10,127,244		10,267,652		10,100,767
Add effects of potentially dilutive securities-assumed exercise of stock options		-		111,688		-		132,442
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share		10,290,265		10,238,932		10,267,652		10,233,209

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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation and Equity Transactions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Share-Based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

	Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022
Risk-free interest rate		3.76	%		1.47	%
Dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected life of the option (in years)		7.01			7.00
Volatility factor		54.30	%		53.36	%

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]

				Weighted
				Average
	Shares			Exercise Price
Outstanding at November 1, 2022		691,005		$	5.87
Options granted		158,181		$	5.46
Options exercised		(45,000	)	$	1.90
Options cancelled		-		$	-
Options outstanding at July 31, 2023		804,186		$	6.01
Options exercisable at July 31, 2023		471,466		$	6.34
Options vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2023		798,697		$	6.02

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Note 9 - Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Revenue by Major Customers by Reporting Segments [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States	$	13,955	$	19,925	$	50,967	$	56,292
Foreign Countries:
Canada		703		2,218		1,875		3,179
Italy		300		1,214		1,692		1,387
Mexico		-		29		3		106
All Other		694		456		1,757		1,301
		1,697		3,917		5,327		5,973
Totals	$	15,652	$	23,842	$	56,294	$	62,265

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly			Corporate			Total
2023
Net sales	$	7,799		$	7,853		$	-		$	15,652
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		(1,103	)		(713	)		(311	)		(2,127	)
Depreciation and amortization		488			143			-			631
Total assets		49,175			20,528			8,353			78,056
2022
Net sales	$	10,495		$	13,347		$	-		$	23,842
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		988			600			(677	)		911
Depreciation and amortization		390			147			-			537
Total assets		48,351			26,553			12,291			87,195

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly			Corporate			Total
2023
Net sales	$	25,507		$	30,787		$	-		$	56,294
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes		(1,162	)		(823	)		(1,047	)		(3,032	)
Depreciation and amortization		1,359			436			-			1,795
Total assets		49,175			20,528			8,353			78,056
2022
Net sales	$	21,928		$	40,337		$	-		$	62,265
Income (loss) before benefit from income taxes		1,621			1,721			(2,149	)		1,193
Depreciation and amortization		720			435			-			1,155
Total assets		48,351			26,553			12,291			87,195

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Note 11 - Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Finite-lived and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]

	July 31, 2023			October 31, 2022
Amortizable intangible assets:
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	$	423		$	423
Accumulated amortization		(367	)		(334	)
		56			89
Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years)		6,058			6,058
Accumulated amortization		(3,364	)		(3,074	)
		2,694			2,984
Backlog (estimated life 1 - 2 years)		327			327
Accumulated amortization		(327	)		(313	)
		-			14
Patents (estimated life 10 - 14 years)		368			368
Accumulated amortization		(167	)		(143	)
		201			225
Tradename (estimated life 15 years)		1,700			1,700
Accumulated amortization		(161	)		(76	)
		1,539			1,624
Proprietary Technology (estimated life 10 years)		11,100			11,100
Accumulated amortization		(1,573	)		(740	)
		9,527			10,360
Totals	$	14,017		$	15,296
Non-amortizable intangible assets:
Trademarks	$	1,174		$	1,174

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Note 12 - Commitments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2023

Notes Tables

Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	663	$	477	$	2,129	$	1,048

Lessee, Leases, Other Information [Table Text Block]

	July 31, 2023			October 31, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	281		$	13,352
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in months)		110.12			113.72
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		3.77	%		3.75	%

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity [Table Text Block]

Year ending October 31,	Operating Leases
2023 (excluding nine months ended July 31, 2023)	$	551
2024		2,036
2025		1,796
2026		1,835
2027		1,874
Thereafter		10,619
Total future minimum lease payments		18,711
Less imputed interest		(3,017	)
Total	$	15,694

Reported as of July 31, 2023	Operating Leases
Other current liabilities	$	1,418
Operating lease liabilities		14,276
Total	$	15,694

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition (Details Textual) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended	11 Months Ended
	Mar. 01, 2022	Jul. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2023	Feb. 28, 2022
Bank of America, N.A. [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount				$ 17,000,000
Microlab/FXR LLC [Member]
Business Acquisition, Percentage of Voting Interests Acquired	100.00%
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred	$ 24,250,000
Business Combination, Provisional Information, Initial Accounting Incomplete, Adjustment, Consideration Transferred		$ 225,000
Microlab/FXR LLC [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs			$ 1,300,000
Microlab/FXR LLC [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life			1 year
Microlab/FXR LLC [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life			15 years

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition - Components of the Purchase Price of Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (Details) - Schrofftech [Member]	Mar. 01, 2022 USD ($)
Cash consideration paid at closing	$ 24,250,000
Post-closing adjustment	225,000
Total consideration transferred	$ 24,475,000

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition - Allocation of Estimated Purchase Price of Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (Details) - USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022	Mar. 01, 2022
Goodwill	$ 8,085,000	$ 8,085,000
Schrofftech [Member]
Current assets			$ 6,620,000
Property and equipment			198,000
Intangible assets			13,840,000
Goodwill			5,617,000
Non-interest bearing liabilities			(1,800,000)
Net assets acquired at fair value			$ 24,475,000

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition - Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022
Revenue			$ 56,294	$ 68,369
Net (loss) income			$ (2,226)	$ 1,510
Basic (in dollars per share)			$ (0.22)	$ 0.15
Diluted (in dollars per share)			$ (0.22)	$ 0.15
Basic (in shares)			10,267,652	10,100,767
Diluted (in shares)			10,267,652	10,233,209
Microlab/FXR LLC [Member]
Revenue	$ 15,652	$ 23,842
Net (loss) income	$ (1,645)	$ 771
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.16)	$ 0.08
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.16)	$ 0.08
Basic (in shares)	10,290,265	10,127,244
Diluted (in shares)	10,290,265	10,238,932

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Note 3 - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended		10 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2022	Jan. 31, 2022	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023
Cash, Uninsured Amount	$ 2.9					$ 2.9
Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Wireless Carrier [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	12.00%
Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | One Distributor [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		16.00%		23.00%		13.00%
Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Wireless Carrier [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	12.00%	19.00%			19.00%
Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Distributor One [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage			4.00%

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Note 3 - Concentrations of Credit Risk - Sales (Details) - Revenue Benchmark [Member] - Customer Concentration Risk [Member]	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022
Wireless Provider [Member]
Wireless provider		16.00%	13.00%	23.00%
Distributor A [Member]
Wireless provider	12.00%

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Note 4 - Inventories and Major Vendors (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2023
Supplier Concentration Risk [Member] | Inventory Purchases [Member] | One Vendor [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	10.00%

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Note 4 - Inventories and Major Vendors - Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
Raw materials and supplies	$ 14,107	$ 15,238
Work in process	510	439
Finished goods	5,587	5,377
Totals	$ 20,204	$ 21,054

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Note 5 - Other Current Assets - Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
Employee retention credit ("ERC")	$ 176	$ 1,636
Prepaid taxes	30	0
Prepaid expense	665	972
Reimbursement for tenant improvements	0	2,810
Other	409	431
Totals	$ 1,280	$ 5,849

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Note 6 - Accrued Expenses and Other Long-term Liabilities - Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
Wages payable	$ 2,163	$ 3,634
Accrued receipts	1,050	2,136
Other accrued expenses	1,294	1,847
Tenant improvements payable	0	1,197
Totals	$ 4,507	$ 8,814

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Note 7 - Loss Per Share (Details Textual) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares)	814,154	471,464	750,967	482,889

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Note 7 - Loss Per Share - Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022
Basic (in shares)	10,290,265	10,127,244	10,267,652	10,100,767
Add effects of potentially dilutive securities-assumed exercise of stock options (in shares)	0	111,688	0	132,442
Diluted (in shares)	10,290,265	10,238,932	10,267,652	10,233,209

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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation and Equity Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($)					3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 10, 2023	May 02, 2022	Jan. 10, 2022	Jan. 12, 2021	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2022	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term							6 years 8 months 4 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term							5 years 7 months 24 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term							6 years 8 months 8 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Intrinsic Value					$ 124,280		$ 124,280
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Intrinsic Value					80,120		80,120
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value					122,285		122,285
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expense							687,000	$ 498,000
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expense					246,000	$ 191,000
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount					528,229		$ 528,229
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition							1 year 3 months 18 days
Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)		0
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value							$ 3.21	$ 3.77
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount					$ 866,591		$ 866,591
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition							2 years 8 months 26 days
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period (in shares)	54,092		39,666
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] | Restricted Stock and Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)	4 years		4 years
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] | Restricted Stock and Incentive Stock Options [Member] | Vesting on January 10, 2023 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage			1.00%
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] | Restricted Stock and Incentive Stock Options [Member] | Vesting on January 10, 2024 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	1.00%
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] | Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)	108,181
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)			10 years
Incentive Stock Options [Member] | One Manager and Three Officers [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)			106,001
Another Manager [Member] | Restricted Stock and Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)				10 years
Another Manager [Member] | Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)	50,000

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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation and Equity Transactions - Assumptions (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022
Risk-free interest rate	3.76%	1.47%
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Expected life of the option (years) (Year)	7 years 3 days	7 years
Volatility factor	54.30%	53.36%

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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation and Equity Transactions - Options Outstanding (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Outstanding (in shares)	691,005
Outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.87
Options granted (in shares)	158,181
Options granted, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.46
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	45,000
Options exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.90
Options cancelled (in shares)	0
Options outstanding (in shares)	804,186
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.01
Options exercisable at April 30, 2023 (in shares)	471,466
Options exercisable at April 30, 2023 (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.34
Options vested and expected to vest (in shares)	798,697
Options vested and expected to vest, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.02

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Note 9 - Segment Information (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
Number of Reportable Segments	2	2

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Note 9 - Segment Information - Sales by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022
Net sales	$ 15,652	$ 23,842	$ 56,294	$ 62,265
UNITED STATES
Net sales	13,955	19,925	50,967	56,292
CANADA
Net sales	703	2,218	1,875	3,179
ITALY
Net sales	300	1,214	1,692	1,387
MEXICO
Net sales	0	29	3	106
All Other Foreign Countries [Member]
Net sales	694	456	1,757	1,301
Non-US [Member]
Net sales	$ 1,697	$ 3,917	$ 5,327	$ 5,973

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Note 9 - Segment Information - Net Sales, Income Before Provision for Income Taxes and Other Related Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2022
Net sales	$ 15,652	$ 23,842	$ 56,294	$ 62,265
Income (loss) before benefit for income taxes	(2,127)	911	(3,032)	1,193
Depreciation and amortization	631	537	1,795	1,155
Total assets	78,056	87,195	78,056	87,195	$ 89,566
Operating Segments [Member] | RF Connector and Cable Assembly [Member]
Net sales	7,799	10,495	25,507	21,928
Income (loss) before benefit for income taxes	(1,103)	988	(1,162)	1,621
Depreciation and amortization	488	390	1,359	720
Total assets	49,175	48,351	49,175	48,351
Operating Segments [Member] | Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly [Member]
Net sales	7,853	13,347	30,787	40,337
Income (loss) before benefit for income taxes	(713)	600	(823)	1,721
Depreciation and amortization	143	147	436	435
Total assets	20,528	26,553	20,528	26,553
Corporate, Non-Segment [Member]
Net sales	0	0	0	0
Income (loss) before benefit for income taxes	(311)	(677)	(1,047)	(2,149)
Depreciation and amortization	0	0	0	0
Total assets	$ 8,353	$ 12,291	$ 8,353	$ 12,291

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Note 10 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2022
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ 482,000	$ (140,000)	$ 806,000	$ (196,000)
Benefit from income taxes	$ (482,000)	$ 140,000	$ (806,000)	$ 196,000
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent, Total	22.70%	15.40%	26.60%	16.40%
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	$ (482,000)	$ 140,000	$ (806,000)	$ 196,000
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Income Tax Penalties and Interest Accrued, Total	168,000		168,000		$ 121,000
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Ending Balance	$ 164,000		$ 164,000

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Note 11 - Intangible Assets (Details Textual) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
Amortization of Intangible Assets	$ 1,279,000	$ 1,282,000
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life (Year)	8 years 9 months 10 days

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Note 11 - Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 14,017	$ 15,296
Trademarks	1,174	1,174
Trademarks [Member]
Trademarks	1,174	1,174
Noncompete Agreements [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	423	423
Accumulated amortization	(367)	(334)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	56	89
Customer Relationships [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	6,058	6,058
Accumulated amortization	(3,364)	(3,074)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	2,694	2,984
Order or Production Backlog [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	327	327
Accumulated amortization	(327)	(313)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	0	14
Patents [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	368	368
Accumulated amortization	(167)	(143)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	201	225
Trade Names [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	1,700	1,700
Accumulated amortization	(161)	(76)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	1,539	1,624
Technology-Based Intangible Assets [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	11,100	11,100
Accumulated amortization	(1,573)	(740)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 9,527	$ 10,360

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Note 11 - Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) (Parentheticals)	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
Noncompete Agreements [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	5 years	5 years
Customer Relationships [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	7 years	7 years
Customer Relationships [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	15 years	15 years
Order or Production Backlog [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	1 year	1 year
Order or Production Backlog [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	2 years	2 years
Patents [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	10 years	10 years
Patents [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	14 years	14 years
Trade Names [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	15 years	15 years
Technology-Based Intangible Assets [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	10 years	10 years

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Note 12 - Commitments (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Jul. 11, 2023	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
Lessor, Operating Lease, Renewal Term		5 years
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset		$ 11,961,000	$ 13,480,000
Operating Lease, Liability		15,694,000	15,694,000
Operating Lease, Liability, Current		1,418,000	$ 1,887,000
Finance Lease, Liability, Total		0
Lease With Sorento West Properties [Member]
Increase in Tenant Improvements	$ 1,000,000
Other Current Liabilities [Member]
Operating Lease, Liability, Current		1,418,000
K and K Unlimited [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Monthly Rent		$ 16,000
Minimum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Remaining Lease Term (Year)		1 year
Maximum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Remaining Lease Term (Year)		3 years

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Note 12 - Commitments - Operating Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022
Operating lease cost	$ 663	$ 477	$ 2,129	$ 1,048

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Note 12 - Commitments - Other Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
ROU Assets Obtained in Exchange For Lease Obligations, Operating Leases	$ 281	$ 13,352
Operating leases (in months) (Month)	110 months 3 days	113 months 21 days
Weighted Average Discount Rate, Operating leases	3.77%	3.75%

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Note 12 - Commitments - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
2023 (excluding nine months ended July 31, 2023)		$ 551
Other current liabilities	$ 1,418	1,887
2024		2,036
Operating lease liabilities	14,276	15,025
2025		1,796
Total	15,694	15,694
2026		1,835
2027		1,874
Thereafter		10,619
Total future minimum lease payments		18,711
Less imputed interest		(3,017)
Total	15,694	$ 15,694
Other Current Liabilities [Member]
Other current liabilities	$ 1,418

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Note 13 - Term Loan and Line of Credit (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2022	Jul. 31, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Oct. 01, 2023	Sep. 22, 2023	Sep. 21, 2023	Jul. 31, 2023
Term Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	3.76%
Long-Term Debt, Gross								$ 13,768,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2.00%
Long-Term Line of Credit								$ 1,000,000.0
Bank of America, N.A. [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 3,000,000.0
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 17,000,000
Debt Instrument, Covenant, Maximum EBITDA Ratio	3.00
Debt Instrument, Covenant, Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio	1.25
Debt Instrument, Covenant Required Ebitda	$ 600,000
Bank of America, N.A. [Member] | Forecast [Member]
Debt Instrument, Covenant Required Ebitda		$ 1,000,000.0	$ 1,000,000.0	$ 500,000	$ (400,000)
Debt Instrument, Covenant, Minimum Liquidity						$ 4,000,000.0	$ 4,000,000.0
Debt Instrument, Covenant, Minimum Liquidity, Percentage Forecasted						80.00%

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Note 14 - Cash Dividend and Declared Dividends (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022
Payments of Ordinary Dividends, Common Stock	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0