Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation Plans

We currently have: five plans under which outstanding options to purchase common stock, shares of restricted stock or restricted stock units have been, or may in the future be, granted to our officers, employees and non-employee directors (the 2000 Incentive Compensation Plan (Employee Plan), the 2004 Stock Plan for Directors, the 2006 Incentive Plan, the 2006 Stock Plan for Directors, and the 2012 Incentive Plan); one plan under which executive officers may receive common stock in lieu of compensation (the Executive Deferred Stock Compensation Plan); and one plan under which certain non-employee directors have received or may receive common stock in lieu of director fees (the Nonemployee Directors’ Deferred Stock Compensation Plan). These plans are referred to collectively as the “Plans.”

During the year ended December 31, 2013, we were permitted to issue shares and grant options, restricted stock and restricted stock units only under the Executive Deferred Stock Compensation Plan, the Nonemployee Directors’ Deferred Stock Compensation Plan and the 2012 Incentive Plan. The 2006 Incentive Plan and the 2006 Stock Plan for Directors (collectively, the “2006 Plans”) expired on December 31, 2012, and no additional grants were permitted under those Plans after that date.

The number of shares initially reserved for issuance and the number of shares available for future grants or issuance under these Plans as of December 31, 2013 were as follows:


•	Executive Deferred Stock Compensation Plan—500,000 shares were reserved initially for issuance to our executive officers in lieu of the payment of all or a portion of their salary, at their option, and 500,000 shares were available for future issuance as of December 31, 2013.


•	Nonemployee Directors’ Deferred Stock Compensation Plan—500,000 shares were reserved initially for issuance to nonemployee directors in lieu of the payment of all or a portion of their retainer and meeting fees, at their option, and 424,704 shares were available for future issuance as of December 31, 2013.

•

2012 Incentive Plan—8,836,614 shares (plus the number of shares or options outstanding under the 2006 Plans as of December 31, 2012 that are subsequently forfeited or expire unexercised) were reserved initially for grants or issuance to employees and non-employee directors, and 8,169,232 shares (plus the number of shares or options outstanding under the 2006 Plans as of December 31, 2013 that are subsequently forfeited or expire unexercised) were available for future issuance as of December 31, 2013.

Under the Plans that provide for the issuance of stock options, outstanding options are exercisable at the market price on the date of grant, expire ten years from the date of grant, and vest over periods of two or three years. If provided in the applicable Plan or award agreement, the vesting of stock options may accelerate upon a change of control (as defined in the applicable Plan) of Ventas and other specified events.

In connection with the NHP acquisition, we assumed certain outstanding options, shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units previously issued to NHP employees pursuant to the Nationwide Health Properties, Inc. 2005 Performance Incentive Plan, as amended (the “NHP Plan”). The outstanding awards continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of the NHP Plan and the applicable award agreements.

Stock Options

In determining the estimated fair value of our stock options as of the date of grant, we used the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:



	2013		2012		2011
Risk-free interest rate	0.59 - 0.63%		0.68 - 1.39%		1.22 - 2.78%
Dividend yield	5.00	%	6.75	%	6.75	%
Volatility factors of the expected market price for our common stock	24.2 - 31.7%		35.9 - 42.9%		35.7 - 44.3%
Weighted average expected life of options	4.17 years		4.25 - 7.0 years		4.25 - 7.0 years

The following is a summary of stock option activity in 2013:



	Shares		Range of Exercise Prices	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Intrinsic Value ($000’s)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2012	1,909,999		$21.57 - $57.19	$	47.20
Options granted	512,706		65.93 - 73.20	67.36
Options exercised	(149,340	)	22.15 - 57.19	48.01
Options forfeited	(14,602	)	55.39 - 70.34	67.98
Outstanding as of December 31, 2013	2,258,763		21.57 - 73.20	51.59		6.6	$	17,870
Exercisable as of December 31, 2013	1,724,083		$21.57 - $65.93	$	47.65	5.9	$	17,613

Compensation costs for all share-based awards are based on the grant date fair value and are recognized on a straight-line basis during the requisite service periods. Compensation costs related to stock options for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were $4.5 million, $4.4 million and $4.2 million, respectively.

A summary of the status of our nonvested stock options as of December 31, 2013 and changes during the year then ended follows:



	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at beginning of year	421,426		$	10.86
Granted	512,706		9.25
Vested	(384,844	)	10.66
Forfeited	(14,602	)	7.88
Nonvested at end of year	534,686		$	9.54

As of December 31, 2013, we had $1.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options granted under the Plans. We expect to recognize that cost over a weighted average period of 1.3 years. Aggregate proceeds received from options exercised under the Plans or the NHP Plan for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were $7.2 million, $21.5 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

We recognize the fair value of shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units on the grant date of the award as stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period, with charges to general and administrative expenses of approximately $16.1 million in 2013, $16.4 million in 2012 and $15.1 million in 2011. Restricted stock and restricted stock units generally vest over periods ranging from two to five years. If provided in the applicable Plan or award agreement, the vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units may accelerate upon a change of control (as defined in the applicable Plan) of Ventas and other specified events.

A summary of the status of our nonvested restricted stock and restricted stock units as of December 31, 2013, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2013 follows:



	Restricted Stock		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2012	591,884		$	52.66	6,825		$	50.34
Granted	189,659		67.05		4,635		64.72
Vested	(247,411	)	55.09		(3,592	)	46.68
Forfeited	(25,016	)	56.31		(352	)	53.74
Nonvested at December 31, 2013	509,116		$	56.66	7,516		$	60.80

As of December 31, 2013, we had $14.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock and restricted stock units under the Plans. We expect to recognize that cost over a weighted average period of 2.0 years.

Employee and Director Stock Purchase Plan

We have in effect an Employee and Director Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) under which our employees and directors may purchase shares of our common stock at a discount. Pursuant to the terms of the ESPP, on each purchase date, participants may purchase shares of common stock at a price not less than 90% of the market price on that date (with respect to the employee tax-favored portion of the plan) and not less than 95% of the market price on that date (with respect to the additional employee and director portion of the plan). We initially reserved 2,500,000 shares for issuance under the ESPP. As of December 31, 2013, 63,267 shares had been purchased under the ESPP and 2,436,733 shares were available for future issuance.

Employee Benefit Plan

We maintain a 401(k) plan that allows eligible employees to defer compensation subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code. In 2013, we made contributions for each qualifying employee of up to 3.5% of his or her salary, subject to certain limitations. During 2013, 2012 and 2011, our aggregate contributions were approximately $1,036,000, $768,000 and $267,000, respectively.