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Derivatives and Hedging
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Derivatives and Hedging [Abstract]  
Derivatives and Hedging

9. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

We are exposed to certain market risks as a major power producer and marketer of wholesale electricity, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact us due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. We manage these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Trading Strategies

 

Our strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes focuses on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which we transact.

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

Our strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments focuses on managing our risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. To accomplish our objectives, we primarily employ risk management contracts including physical forward purchase and sale contracts, financial forward purchase and sale contracts and financial swap instruments. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

We enter into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser degree, heating oil and gasoline, emission allowance and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with our energy business. We enter into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with our commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as they are related to energy risk management activities. We also engage in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with our established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of our Board of Directors.

 

The following table represents the gross notional volume of our outstanding derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
           
    Volume  
     December 31, Unit of
 Primary Risk Exposure  2011  2010 Measure
    (in millions) 
 Commodity:        
  Power   609   652 MWHs
  Coal   21   63 Tons
  Natural Gas   100   94 MMBtus
  Heating Oil and Gasoline   6   6 Gallons
  Interest Rate $ 226 $ 171 USD
           
 Interest Rate and Foreign Currency $ 907 $ 907 USD

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

We enter into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify our exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of our fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

We enter into and designate as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas and heating oil and gasoline (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. We monitor the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enter into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. We do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

Our vehicle fleet and barge operations are exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. We enter into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of our future fuel purchases. For disclosure purposes, these contracts are included with other hedging activities as “Commodity.” We do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

We enter into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify our exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of our floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. We also enter into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. Our forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. We do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when we purchase certain fixed assets from foreign suppliers. In accordance with our risk management policy, we may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. We do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON OUR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheets at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of our derivative instruments, we also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with our estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of our risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” we reflect the fair values of our derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, we are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the December 31, 2011 and 2010 balance sheets, we netted $26 million and $8 million, respectively, of cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and $133 million and $109 million, respectively, of cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities.

 

The following tables represent the gross fair value impact of our derivative activity on our balance sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2011
   
    Risk Management        
    Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
        and Foreign    
 Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
    (in millions)
 Current Risk Management Assets $ 852 $ 24 $ - $ (683) $ 193
 Long-term Risk Management Assets   641   15   -   (253)   403
 Total Assets   1,493   39   -   (936)   596
                  
 Current Risk Management Liabilities   847   29   20   (746)   150
 Long-term Risk Management Liabilities    483   15   22   (325)   195
 Total Liabilities   1,330   44   42   (1,071)   345
                  
 Total MTM Derivative Contract Net Assets               
  (Liabilities) $ 163 $ (5) $ (42) $ 135 $ 251
                  
 Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2010
   
    Risk Management        
    Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
        and Foreign    
 Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
    (in millions)
 Current Risk Management Assets $ 1,023 $ 18 $ 30 $ (839) $ 232
 Long-term Risk Management Assets   546   12   2   (150)   410
 Total Assets   1,569   30   32   (989)   642
                  
 Current Risk Management Liabilities   995   13   2   (881)   129
 Long-term Risk Management Liabilities    387   6   3   (255)   141
 Total Liabilities   1,382   19   5   (1,136)   270
                  
 Total MTM Derivative Contract Net Assets               
  (Liabilities) $ 187 $ 11 $ 27 $ 147 $ 372

(a)       Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b)       Amounts include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging." Amounts also include de-designated risk management contracts.

The table below presents our activity of derivative risk management contracts for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
           
   Years Ended December 31,
 Location of Gain (Loss) 2011 2010 2009
   (in millions)
 Utility Operations Revenues $ 46 $ 85 $ 144
 Other Revenues   20   9   19
 Regulatory Assets (a)   (22)   (9)   (28)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (3)   38   (7)
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management Contracts $ 41 $ 123 $ 128

(a) Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

Our accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, we designate a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in Revenues on a net basis on the statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in Revenues or Expenses on the statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.”

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

We record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on our statements of income. During 2011 and 2010, we recognized gains of $3 million and $6 million, respectively, on our hedging instruments and offsetting losses of $6 million and $6 million, respectively, on our long-term debt. For 2011 and 2010, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial. During 2009, we did not employ any fair value hedging strategies.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows attributable to a particular risk), we initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. We recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas, and heating oil and gasoline designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on our statements of income or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on our balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, we designated commodity derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

We reclassify gains and losses on financial fuel derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on our statements of income. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, we designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

We reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to our debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Interest Expense in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, we designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to our foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on our statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, we designated foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During 2009, we recognized a $6 million gain in Interest Expense related to hedge ineffectiveness on interest rate derivatives designated in cash flow hedge strategies. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all of the other cash flow hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

The following tables provide details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. All amounts in the following tables are presented net of related income taxes.

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
 Year Ended December 31, 2011
             
        Interest Rate   
        and Foreign    
     Commodity Currency Total
     (in millions)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 7 $ 4 $ 11
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (5)   (28)   (33)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified from AOCI         
  to Statement of Income/within Balance Sheet:         
   Utility Operations Revenues   3   -   3
   Other Revenues   (5)   -   (5)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   (2)   -   (2)
   Other Operation Expense   (1)   -   (1)
   Maintenance Expense   (1)   -   (1)
   Interest Expense   -   4   4
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (1)   -   (1)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   2   -   2
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ (3) $ (20) $ (23)
             
 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
 Year Ended December 31, 2010
             
        Interest Rate   
        and Foreign    
     Commodity Currency Total
             
     (in millions)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (2) $ (13) $ (15)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   9   13   22
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified from AOCI         
  to Statement of Income/within Balance Sheet:         
   Utility Operations Revenues   -   -   -
   Other Revenues   (7)   -   (7)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   4   -   4
   Interest Expense   -   4   4
   Regulatory Assets (a)   3   -   3
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 7 $ 4 $ 11
             
 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
 Year Ended December 31, 2009
             
        Interest Rate   
        and Foreign    
     Commodity Currency Total
     (in millions)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ 7 $ (29) $ (22)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (6)   11   5
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified from AOCI         
  to Statement of Income/within Balance Sheet:         
   Utility Operations Revenues   (15)   -   (15)
   Other Revenues   (15)   -   (15)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   29   -   29
   Interest Expense   -   5   5
   Regulatory Assets (a)   5   -   5
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (7)   -   (7)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (2) $ (13) $ (15)

(a) Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our balance sheets at December 31, 2011 and 2010 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Balance Sheet
 December 31, 2011
             
        Interest Rate   
        and Foreign    
     Commodity Currency Total
     (in millions)
 Hedging Assets (a) $ 20 $ - $ 20
 Hedging Liabilities (a)   25   42   67
 AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax   (3)   (20)   (23)
 Portion Expected to be Reclassified to Net         
  Income During the Next Twelve Months   (3)   (2)   (5)
             
 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Balance Sheet
 December 31, 2010
             
        Interest Rate   
        and Foreign    
     Commodity Currency Total
     (in millions)
 Hedging Assets (a) $ 13 $ 25 $ 38
 Hedging Liabilities (a)   2   4   6
 AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax   7   4   11
 Portion Expected to be Reclassified to Net         
  Income During the Next Twelve Months   3   (2)   1

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on our balance sheets.

The actual amounts that we reclassify from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes. As of December 31, 2011, the maximum length of time that we are hedging (with contracts subject to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging”) our exposure to variability in future cash flows related to forecasted transactions is 30 months.

Credit Risk

 

We limit credit risk in our wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. We use Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

We use standardized master agreements which may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds our established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with our credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs) and a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to our competitive retail auction loads, we are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if our credit ratings decline below investment grade. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and our total exposure. On an ongoing basis, our risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. AEP and its subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below investment grade. The following table represents: (a) our aggregate fair value of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral we would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts if our credit ratings had declined below investment grade and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

    December 31,
    2011 2010
    (in millions)
 Liabilities for Derivative Contracts with Credit Downgrade Triggers $ 32 $ 20
 Amount of Collateral AEP Subsidiaries Would Have Been      
  Required to Post   39   45
 Amount Attributable to RTO and ISO Activities   38   44

In addition, a majority of our non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, our risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in our contracts. We do not anticipate a non-performance event under these provisions. The following table represents: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral we have posted and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering our contractual netting arrangements as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

   December 31,
   2011 2010
   (in millions)
 Liabilities for Contracts with Cross Default Provisions Prior to Contractual      
  Netting Arrangements $ 515 $ 401
 Amount of Cash Collateral Posted   56   81
 Additional Settlement Liability if Cross Default Provision is Triggered   291   213
Appalachian Power Co [Member]
 
Derivatives and Hedging [Abstract]  
Derivatives and Hedging

9. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to certain market risks as major power producers and marketers of wholesale electricity, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact the Registrant Subsidiaries due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, manages these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Trading Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes focuses on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which AEPSC transacts on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries.

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments focuses on managing risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. To accomplish these objectives, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, primarily employs risk management contracts including physical forward purchase and sale contracts, financial forward purchase and sale contracts and financial swap instruments. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser degree, heating oil and gasoline, emission allowance and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with the energy business. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with the Registrant Subsidiaries' commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as these risks are related to energy risk management activities. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also engages in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of AEP's Board of Directors.

 

The following tables represent the gross notional volume of the Registrant Subsidiaries' outstanding derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2011
                    
 Primary Risk Unit of               
 Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
                    
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWHs   169,459   109,326   229,468   39   49
 Coal Tons   3,714   1,920   8,337   3,574   2,974
 Natural Gas MMBtus   7,923   5,081   10,728   115   145
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,057   525   1,254   618   569
 Interest Rate USD $ 31,029 $ 19,890 $ 42,093 $ 175 $ 203
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,069
                    
 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2010
                    
 Primary Risk Unit of               
 Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
                    
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWHs   194,217   117,862   248,616   21   34
 Coal Tons   11,195   6,571   28,583   4,936   8,777
 Natural Gas MMBtus   2,166   1,302   2,772   15   19
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,054   521   1,243   616   564
 Interest Rate USD $ 9,541 $ 5,732 $ 12,656 $ 609 $ 793
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,000 $ 189

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify an exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into and designates as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas and heating oil and gasoline (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. Management monitors the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enters into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries' vehicle fleet is exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of future fuel purchases. For disclosure purposes, these contracts are included with other hedging activities as “Commodity.” The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also enters into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. The forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, the Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when some fixed assets are purchased from foreign suppliers. In accordance with AEP's risk management policy, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of the derivative instruments, the Registrant Subsidiaries also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with management's estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” the Registrant Subsidiaries reflect the fair values of derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, the Registrant Subsidiaries are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the December 31, 2011 and 2010 balance sheets, the Registrant Subsidiaries netted cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities as follows:

    December 31,
    2011 2010
    Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral
    Received Paid Received Paid
    Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against
    Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management
 Company Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 4,291 $ 28,964 $ 1,809 $ 16,229
 I&M   2,752   18,547   1,087   9,757
 OPCo   5,810   39,183   2,314   20,908
 PSO   53   130   -   44
 SWEPCo   66   124   -   72

The following tables represent the gross fair value of the Registrant Subsidiaries' derivative activity on the balance sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2011
                 
APCo               
   Risk        
   Management        
   Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
       and Foreign    
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $232,784 $1,040 $- $(194,179) $39,645
Long-term Risk Management Assets  99,751  90  -  (60,615)  39,226
Total Assets  332,535  1,130  -  (254,794)  78,871
                 
Current Risk Management Liabilities  235,354  2,767  -  (211,515)  26,606
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   82,058  350  -  (69,485)  12,923
Total Liabilities  317,412  3,117  -  (281,000)  39,529
                 
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net               
 Assets (Liabilities) $15,123 $(1,987) $- $26,206 $39,342
                 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2010
                 
APCo               
   Risk        
   Management        
   Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
       and Foreign    
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $267,702 $1,956 $11,888 $(228,304) $53,242
Long-term Risk Management Assets  79,560  714  -  (41,854)  38,420
Total Assets  347,262  2,670  11,888  (270,158)  91,662
                 
Current Risk Management Liabilities  262,027  2,363  -  (236,397)  27,993
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   61,724  701  -  (51,552)  10,873
Total Liabilities  323,751  3,064  -  (287,949)  38,866
                 
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net               
 Assets (Liabilities) $23,511 $(394) $11,888 $17,791 $52,796

(a) Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b) Amounts include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging." Amounts also include de-designated risk management contracts.

The tables below present the Registrant Subsidiaries' activity of derivative risk management contracts for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2011
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 2,843 $ 12,786 $ 27,292 $ 297 $ 547
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   154   92   196   3   4
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   (2)   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   373   (1,470)   (17,928)   (1,421)   (1,709)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   2,552   (5,178)   (105)   708   (118)
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 5,922 $ 6,230 $ 9,453 $ (413) $ (1,276)
                  
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2010
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 5,057 $ 21,834 $ 40,893 $ 3,156 $ 3,880
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   (2,379)   (2,471)   5,043   (794)   (1,523)
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   (372)   (186)   (5,788)   46   (2,902)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   27,790   8,217   3,451   878   351
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 30,096 $ 27,394 $ 43,599 $ 3,286 $ (194)
                  
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2009
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 16,213 $ 39,188 $ 59,313 $ (94) $ 44
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   (8,978)   (5,450)   (6,770)   912   750
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   -   (5,837)   (22,065)   (331)   (73)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   6,908   (2,394)   (7,805)   (1,280)   190
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 14,143 $ 25,507 $ 22,673 $ (793) $ 911

(a)       Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

The accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, management designates a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in revenues on a net basis on the statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in revenues or expenses on the statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions (APCo, I&M, PSO, the non-Texas portion of SWEPCo generation and, beginning in the second quarter of 2009, the Texas portion of SWEPCo generation) for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.” SWEPCo re-applied the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations” for the generation portion of SWEPCo's Texas retail jurisdiction effective the second quarter of 2009.

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on the statements of income. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not employ any fair value hedging strategies.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the Registrant Subsidiaries initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. The Registrant Subsidiaries recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas and heating oil and gasoline designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on the statements of income or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on the balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, APCo, I&M and OPCo designated commodity derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on financial fuel derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on the statements of income. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Interest Expense in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During 2011, APCo, I&M and SWEPCo designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges. During 2010, APCo and PSO designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges. During 2009, OPCo designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on the statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets that were designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, SWEPCo designated foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During 2009, OPCo recognized a $6 million gain in Interest Expense related to hedge ineffectiveness on interest rate derivatives designated in cash flow hedge strategies. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all of the other cash flow hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

The following tables provide details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. All amounts in the following tables are presented net of related income taxes.

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2011
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (273) $ (178) $ (364) $ 88 $ 82
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (2,077)   (1,294)   (2,748)   108   102
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   249   544   1,457   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   62   79   425   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (95)   (71)   (160)   (93)   (93)
   Maintenance Expense   (169)   (64)   (141)   (62)   (65)
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (175)   (90)   (217)   (110)   (88)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,169   255   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ (1,309) $ (819) $ (1,748) $ (69) $ (62)
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 217 $ (8,507) $ 10,813 $ 8,406 $ (4,272)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (373)   (6,913)   -   (475)   (12,438)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,180   955   (1,363)   (713)   1,248
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ 1,024 $ (14,465) $ 9,454 $ 7,218 $ (15,462)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (56) $ (8,685) $ 10,449 $ 8,494 $ (4,190)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (2,450)   (8,207)   (2,748)   (367)   (12,336)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   249   544   1,457   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   62   79   425   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (95)   (71)   (160)   (93)   (93)
   Maintenance Expense   (169)   (64)   (141)   (62)   (65)
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,180   955   (1,363)   (713)   1,248
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (175)   (90)   (217)   (110)   (88)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,169   255   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ (285) $ (15,284) $ 7,706 $ 7,149 $ (15,524)

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2010
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (743) $ (382) $ (742) $ (78) $ 112
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (1,450)   (901)   (1,958)   77   69
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   51   87   229   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   (13)   197   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   393   895   2,338   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (43)   (31)   (72)   (39)   (44)
   Maintenance Expense   (70)   (28)   (54)   (24)   (23)
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (71)   (36)   (87)   (45)   (32)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,660   218   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   (5)   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (273) $ (178) $ (364) $ 88 $ 82
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (6,450) $ (9,514) $ 12,172 $ (521) $ (5,047)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   5,042   -   -   8,813   (74)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   21
   Interest Expense   1,625   1,007   (1,363)   114   828
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 217 $ (8,507) $ 10,813 $ 8,406 $ (4,272)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (7,193) $ (9,896) $ 11,430 $ (599) $ (4,935)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   3,592   (901)   (1,958)   8,890   (5)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   51   87   229   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   (13)   197   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   393   895   2,338   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (43)   (31)   (72)   (39)   (23)
   Maintenance Expense   (70)   (28)   (54)   (24)   (23)
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,625   1,007   (1,363)   114   828
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (71)   (36)   (87)   (45)   (32)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,660   218   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   (5)   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (56) $ (8,685) $ 10,449 $ 8,494 $ (4,190)

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2009
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ 2,726 $ 1,482 $ 3,429 $ - $ -
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (669)   (435)   (984)   5   190
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   (1,646)   (3,189)   (8,991)   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   (95)   (50)   (108)   (49)   (54)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   1,093   2,142   5,982   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Maintenance Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (58)   (29)   (70)   (34)   (24)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   4,003   481   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (6,097)   (784)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (743) $ (382) $ (742) $ (78) $ 112
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ (8,118) $ (10,521) $ 1,752 $ (704) $ (5,924)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (1)   -   10,915   -   49
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   (4)   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,669   1,011   (499)   183   828
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (6,450) $ (9,514) $ 12,172 $ (521) $ (5,047)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ (5,392) $ (9,039) $ 5,181 $ (704) $ (5,924)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (670)   (435)   9,931   5   239
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   (1,646)   (3,189)   (8,991)   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   (95)   (50)   (108)   (49)   (54)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   1,093   2,142   5,982   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Maintenance Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   (4)   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,669   1,011   (499)   183   828
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (58)   (29)   (70)   (34)   (24)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   4,003   481   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (6,097)   (784)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (7,193) $ (9,896) $ 11,430 $ (599) $ (4,935)

(a)       Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets at December 31, 2011 and 2010 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2011
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 431 $ - $ 2,418 $ - $ (1,309) $ 1,024
 I&M   277   -   1,523   10,637   (819)   (14,465)
 OPCo   584   -   3,239   -   (1,748)   9,454
 PSO   -   -   107   -   (69)   7,218
 SWEPCo   -   3   97   19,143   (62)   (15,462)

    Expected to be Reclassified to   
    Net Income During the Next   
    Twelve Months   
        Maximum Term for
      Interest Rate Exposure to
      and Foreign  Variability of Future
 Company Commodity Currency Cash Flows
    (in thousands) (in months)
 APCo $ (1,140) $ (1,052)   29
 I&M   (712)   (595)   29
 OPCo   (1,518)   1,359   29
 PSO   (70)   759   12
 SWEPCo   (63)   (1,864)   12

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2010
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 333 $ 11,888 $ 727 $ - $ (273) $ 217
 I&M   175   -   437   -   (178)   (8,507)
 OPCo   403   -   930   -   (364)   10,813
 PSO   134   13,558   -   -   88   8,406
 SWEPCo   123   5   -   -   82   (4,272)

    Expected to be Reclassified to 
    Net Income During the Next 
    Twelve Months 
      Interest Rate 
      and Foreign  
 Company Commodity Currency 
    (in thousands) 
 APCo $ (280) $ (1,173) 
 I&M   (184)   (955) 
 OPCo   (373)   1,359 
 PSO   88   735 
 SWEPCo   82   (829) 

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on the balance sheets.

 

The actual amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes.

Credit Risk

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, limits credit risk in their wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses standardized master agreements which may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds the established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with AEP's credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs) and a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to competitive retail auction loads, the Registrant Subsidiaries are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if certain credit ratings decline below investment grade. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and total exposure. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. The Registrant Subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below investment grade. The following tables represent: (a) the Registrant Subsidiaries' aggregate fair values of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral the Registrant Subsidiaries would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts if credit ratings of the Registrant Subsidiaries had declined below investment grade and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

    December 31, 2011
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 10,007 $ 6,211 $ 6,211
 I&M   6,418   3,983   3,983
 OPCo   13,550   8,410   8,410
 PSO   -   856   414
 SWEPCo   -   1,128   522

    December 31, 2010
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit  Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 6,594 $ 12,607 $ 12,574
 I&M   3,965   7,581   7,561
 OPCo   8,441   16,138   16,095
 PSO   16   1,785   1,385
 SWEPCo   19   2,139   1,659

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Registrant Subsidiaries were not required to post any collateral.

 

In addition, a majority of the Registrant Subsidiaries' non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in the contracts. Management does not anticipate a non-performance event under these provisions. The following tables represent: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral posted by the Registrant Subsidiaries and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering the Registrant Subsidiaries' contractual netting arrangements as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

    December 31, 2011
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 76,868 $ 8,107 $ 27,603
 I&M   59,936   5,200   28,339
 OPCo   104,091   10,978   37,380
 PSO   142   -   61
 SWEPCo   19,322   -   19,220
            
    December 31, 2010
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 76,810 $ 6,637 $ 23,748
 I&M   46,188   3,991   14,280
 OPCo   98,343   8,496   30,420
 PSO   60   -   28
 SWEPCo   75   -   37
Indiana Michigan Power Co [Member]
 
Derivatives and Hedging [Abstract]  
Derivatives and Hedging

9. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to certain market risks as major power producers and marketers of wholesale electricity, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact the Registrant Subsidiaries due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, manages these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Trading Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes focuses on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which AEPSC transacts on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries.

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments focuses on managing risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. To accomplish these objectives, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, primarily employs risk management contracts including physical forward purchase and sale contracts, financial forward purchase and sale contracts and financial swap instruments. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser degree, heating oil and gasoline, emission allowance and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with the energy business. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with the Registrant Subsidiaries' commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as these risks are related to energy risk management activities. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also engages in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of AEP's Board of Directors.

 

The following tables represent the gross notional volume of the Registrant Subsidiaries' outstanding derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2011
                    
 Primary Risk Unit of               
 Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
                    
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWHs   169,459   109,326   229,468   39   49
 Coal Tons   3,714   1,920   8,337   3,574   2,974
 Natural Gas MMBtus   7,923   5,081   10,728   115   145
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,057   525   1,254   618   569
 Interest Rate USD $ 31,029 $ 19,890 $ 42,093 $ 175 $ 203
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,069
                    
 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2010
                    
 Primary Risk Unit of               
 Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
                    
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWHs   194,217   117,862   248,616   21   34
 Coal Tons   11,195   6,571   28,583   4,936   8,777
 Natural Gas MMBtus   2,166   1,302   2,772   15   19
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,054   521   1,243   616   564
 Interest Rate USD $ 9,541 $ 5,732 $ 12,656 $ 609 $ 793
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,000 $ 189

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify an exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into and designates as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas and heating oil and gasoline (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. Management monitors the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enters into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries' vehicle fleet is exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of future fuel purchases. For disclosure purposes, these contracts are included with other hedging activities as “Commodity.” The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also enters into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. The forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, the Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when some fixed assets are purchased from foreign suppliers. In accordance with AEP's risk management policy, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of the derivative instruments, the Registrant Subsidiaries also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with management's estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” the Registrant Subsidiaries reflect the fair values of derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, the Registrant Subsidiaries are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the December 31, 2011 and 2010 balance sheets, the Registrant Subsidiaries netted cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities as follows:

    December 31,
    2011 2010
    Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral
    Received Paid Received Paid
    Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against
    Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management
 Company Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 4,291 $ 28,964 $ 1,809 $ 16,229
 I&M   2,752   18,547   1,087   9,757
 OPCo   5,810   39,183   2,314   20,908
 PSO   53   130   -   44
 SWEPCo   66   124   -   72

The following tables represent the gross fair value of the Registrant Subsidiaries' derivative activity on the balance sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2011
                 
I&M               
   Risk        
   Management        
   Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
       and Foreign    
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $154,628 $667 $- $(123,143) $32,152
Long-term Risk Management Assets  68,047  58  -  (38,743)  29,362
Total Assets  222,675  725  -  (161,886)  61,514
                 
Current Risk Management Liabilities  149,466  1,747  -  (134,233)  16,980
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   52,441  224  10,637  (44,431)  18,871
Total Liabilities  201,907  1,971  10,637  (178,664)  35,851
                 
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net               
 Assets (Liabilities) $20,768 $(1,246) $(10,637) $16,778 $25,663
                 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2010
                 
I&M               
   Risk        
   Management        
   Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
       and Foreign    
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $162,896 $1,151 $- $(136,521) $27,526
Long-term Risk Management Assets  56,154  429  -  (25,098)  31,485
Total Assets  219,050  1,580  -  (161,619)  59,011
                 
Current Risk Management Liabilities  156,750  1,421  -  (141,386)  16,785
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   37,039  421  -  (30,930)  6,530
Total Liabilities  193,789  1,842  -  (172,316)  23,315
                 
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net               
 Assets (Liabilities) $25,261 $(262) $- $10,697 $35,696

(a) Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b) Amounts include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging." Amounts also include de-designated risk management contracts.

The tables below present the Registrant Subsidiaries' activity of derivative risk management contracts for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2011
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 2,843 $ 12,786 $ 27,292 $ 297 $ 547
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   154   92   196   3   4
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   (2)   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   373   (1,470)   (17,928)   (1,421)   (1,709)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   2,552   (5,178)   (105)   708   (118)
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 5,922 $ 6,230 $ 9,453 $ (413) $ (1,276)
                  
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2010
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 5,057 $ 21,834 $ 40,893 $ 3,156 $ 3,880
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   (2,379)   (2,471)   5,043   (794)   (1,523)
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   (372)   (186)   (5,788)   46   (2,902)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   27,790   8,217   3,451   878   351
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 30,096 $ 27,394 $ 43,599 $ 3,286 $ (194)
                  
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2009
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 16,213 $ 39,188 $ 59,313 $ (94) $ 44
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   (8,978)   (5,450)   (6,770)   912   750
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   -   (5,837)   (22,065)   (331)   (73)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   6,908   (2,394)   (7,805)   (1,280)   190
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 14,143 $ 25,507 $ 22,673 $ (793) $ 911

(a)       Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

The accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, management designates a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in revenues on a net basis on the statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in revenues or expenses on the statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions (APCo, I&M, PSO, the non-Texas portion of SWEPCo generation and, beginning in the second quarter of 2009, the Texas portion of SWEPCo generation) for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.” SWEPCo re-applied the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations” for the generation portion of SWEPCo's Texas retail jurisdiction effective the second quarter of 2009.

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on the statements of income. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not employ any fair value hedging strategies.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the Registrant Subsidiaries initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. The Registrant Subsidiaries recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas and heating oil and gasoline designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on the statements of income or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on the balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, APCo, I&M and OPCo designated commodity derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on financial fuel derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on the statements of income. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Interest Expense in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During 2011, APCo, I&M and SWEPCo designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges. During 2010, APCo and PSO designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges. During 2009, OPCo designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on the statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets that were designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, SWEPCo designated foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During 2009, OPCo recognized a $6 million gain in Interest Expense related to hedge ineffectiveness on interest rate derivatives designated in cash flow hedge strategies. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all of the other cash flow hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

The following tables provide details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. All amounts in the following tables are presented net of related income taxes.

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2011
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (273) $ (178) $ (364) $ 88 $ 82
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (2,077)   (1,294)   (2,748)   108   102
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   249   544   1,457   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   62   79   425   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (95)   (71)   (160)   (93)   (93)
   Maintenance Expense   (169)   (64)   (141)   (62)   (65)
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (175)   (90)   (217)   (110)   (88)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,169   255   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ (1,309) $ (819) $ (1,748) $ (69) $ (62)
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 217 $ (8,507) $ 10,813 $ 8,406 $ (4,272)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (373)   (6,913)   -   (475)   (12,438)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,180   955   (1,363)   (713)   1,248
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ 1,024 $ (14,465) $ 9,454 $ 7,218 $ (15,462)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (56) $ (8,685) $ 10,449 $ 8,494 $ (4,190)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (2,450)   (8,207)   (2,748)   (367)   (12,336)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   249   544   1,457   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   62   79   425   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (95)   (71)   (160)   (93)   (93)
   Maintenance Expense   (169)   (64)   (141)   (62)   (65)
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,180   955   (1,363)   (713)   1,248
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (175)   (90)   (217)   (110)   (88)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,169   255   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ (285) $ (15,284) $ 7,706 $ 7,149 $ (15,524)

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2010
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (743) $ (382) $ (742) $ (78) $ 112
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (1,450)   (901)   (1,958)   77   69
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   51   87   229   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   (13)   197   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   393   895   2,338   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (43)   (31)   (72)   (39)   (44)
   Maintenance Expense   (70)   (28)   (54)   (24)   (23)
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (71)   (36)   (87)   (45)   (32)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,660   218   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   (5)   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (273) $ (178) $ (364) $ 88 $ 82
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (6,450) $ (9,514) $ 12,172 $ (521) $ (5,047)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   5,042   -   -   8,813   (74)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   21
   Interest Expense   1,625   1,007   (1,363)   114   828
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 217 $ (8,507) $ 10,813 $ 8,406 $ (4,272)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (7,193) $ (9,896) $ 11,430 $ (599) $ (4,935)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   3,592   (901)   (1,958)   8,890   (5)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   51   87   229   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   (13)   197   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   393   895   2,338   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (43)   (31)   (72)   (39)   (23)
   Maintenance Expense   (70)   (28)   (54)   (24)   (23)
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,625   1,007   (1,363)   114   828
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (71)   (36)   (87)   (45)   (32)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,660   218   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   (5)   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (56) $ (8,685) $ 10,449 $ 8,494 $ (4,190)

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2009
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ 2,726 $ 1,482 $ 3,429 $ - $ -
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (669)   (435)   (984)   5   190
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   (1,646)   (3,189)   (8,991)   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   (95)   (50)   (108)   (49)   (54)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   1,093   2,142   5,982   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Maintenance Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (58)   (29)   (70)   (34)   (24)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   4,003   481   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (6,097)   (784)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (743) $ (382) $ (742) $ (78) $ 112
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ (8,118) $ (10,521) $ 1,752 $ (704) $ (5,924)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (1)   -   10,915   -   49
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   (4)   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,669   1,011   (499)   183   828
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (6,450) $ (9,514) $ 12,172 $ (521) $ (5,047)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ (5,392) $ (9,039) $ 5,181 $ (704) $ (5,924)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (670)   (435)   9,931   5   239
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   (1,646)   (3,189)   (8,991)   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   (95)   (50)   (108)   (49)   (54)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   1,093   2,142   5,982   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Maintenance Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   (4)   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,669   1,011   (499)   183   828
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (58)   (29)   (70)   (34)   (24)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   4,003   481   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (6,097)   (784)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (7,193) $ (9,896) $ 11,430 $ (599) $ (4,935)

(a)       Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets at December 31, 2011 and 2010 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2011
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 431 $ - $ 2,418 $ - $ (1,309) $ 1,024
 I&M   277   -   1,523   10,637   (819)   (14,465)
 OPCo   584   -   3,239   -   (1,748)   9,454
 PSO   -   -   107   -   (69)   7,218
 SWEPCo   -   3   97   19,143   (62)   (15,462)

    Expected to be Reclassified to   
    Net Income During the Next   
    Twelve Months   
        Maximum Term for
      Interest Rate Exposure to
      and Foreign  Variability of Future
 Company Commodity Currency Cash Flows
    (in thousands) (in months)
 APCo $ (1,140) $ (1,052)   29
 I&M   (712)   (595)   29
 OPCo   (1,518)   1,359   29
 PSO   (70)   759   12
 SWEPCo   (63)   (1,864)   12

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2010
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 333 $ 11,888 $ 727 $ - $ (273) $ 217
 I&M   175   -   437   -   (178)   (8,507)
 OPCo   403   -   930   -   (364)   10,813
 PSO   134   13,558   -   -   88   8,406
 SWEPCo   123   5   -   -   82   (4,272)

    Expected to be Reclassified to 
    Net Income During the Next 
    Twelve Months 
      Interest Rate 
      and Foreign  
 Company Commodity Currency 
    (in thousands) 
 APCo $ (280) $ (1,173) 
 I&M   (184)   (955) 
 OPCo   (373)   1,359 
 PSO   88   735 
 SWEPCo   82   (829) 

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on the balance sheets.

 

The actual amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes.

Credit Risk

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, limits credit risk in their wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses standardized master agreements which may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds the established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with AEP's credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs) and a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to competitive retail auction loads, the Registrant Subsidiaries are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if certain credit ratings decline below investment grade. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and total exposure. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. The Registrant Subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below investment grade. The following tables represent: (a) the Registrant Subsidiaries' aggregate fair values of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral the Registrant Subsidiaries would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts if credit ratings of the Registrant Subsidiaries had declined below investment grade and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

    December 31, 2011
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 10,007 $ 6,211 $ 6,211
 I&M   6,418   3,983   3,983
 OPCo   13,550   8,410   8,410
 PSO   -   856   414
 SWEPCo   -   1,128   522

    December 31, 2010
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit  Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 6,594 $ 12,607 $ 12,574
 I&M   3,965   7,581   7,561
 OPCo   8,441   16,138   16,095
 PSO   16   1,785   1,385
 SWEPCo   19   2,139   1,659

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Registrant Subsidiaries were not required to post any collateral.

 

In addition, a majority of the Registrant Subsidiaries' non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in the contracts. Management does not anticipate a non-performance event under these provisions. The following tables represent: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral posted by the Registrant Subsidiaries and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering the Registrant Subsidiaries' contractual netting arrangements as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

    December 31, 2011
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 76,868 $ 8,107 $ 27,603
 I&M   59,936   5,200   28,339
 OPCo   104,091   10,978   37,380
 PSO   142   -   61
 SWEPCo   19,322   -   19,220
            
    December 31, 2010
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 76,810 $ 6,637 $ 23,748
 I&M   46,188   3,991   14,280
 OPCo   98,343   8,496   30,420
 PSO   60   -   28
 SWEPCo   75   -   37
Ohio Power Co [Member]
 
Derivatives and Hedging [Abstract]  
Derivatives and Hedging

9. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to certain market risks as major power producers and marketers of wholesale electricity, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact the Registrant Subsidiaries due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, manages these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Trading Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes focuses on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which AEPSC transacts on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries.

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments focuses on managing risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. To accomplish these objectives, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, primarily employs risk management contracts including physical forward purchase and sale contracts, financial forward purchase and sale contracts and financial swap instruments. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser degree, heating oil and gasoline, emission allowance and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with the energy business. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with the Registrant Subsidiaries' commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as these risks are related to energy risk management activities. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also engages in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of AEP's Board of Directors.

 

The following tables represent the gross notional volume of the Registrant Subsidiaries' outstanding derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2011
                    
 Primary Risk Unit of               
 Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
                    
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWHs   169,459   109,326   229,468   39   49
 Coal Tons   3,714   1,920   8,337   3,574   2,974
 Natural Gas MMBtus   7,923   5,081   10,728   115   145
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,057   525   1,254   618   569
 Interest Rate USD $ 31,029 $ 19,890 $ 42,093 $ 175 $ 203
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,069
                    
 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2010
                    
 Primary Risk Unit of               
 Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
                    
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWHs   194,217   117,862   248,616   21   34
 Coal Tons   11,195   6,571   28,583   4,936   8,777
 Natural Gas MMBtus   2,166   1,302   2,772   15   19
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,054   521   1,243   616   564
 Interest Rate USD $ 9,541 $ 5,732 $ 12,656 $ 609 $ 793
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,000 $ 189

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify an exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into and designates as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas and heating oil and gasoline (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. Management monitors the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enters into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries' vehicle fleet is exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of future fuel purchases. For disclosure purposes, these contracts are included with other hedging activities as “Commodity.” The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also enters into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. The forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, the Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when some fixed assets are purchased from foreign suppliers. In accordance with AEP's risk management policy, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of the derivative instruments, the Registrant Subsidiaries also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with management's estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” the Registrant Subsidiaries reflect the fair values of derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, the Registrant Subsidiaries are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the December 31, 2011 and 2010 balance sheets, the Registrant Subsidiaries netted cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities as follows:

    December 31,
    2011 2010
    Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral
    Received Paid Received Paid
    Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against
    Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management
 Company Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 4,291 $ 28,964 $ 1,809 $ 16,229
 I&M   2,752   18,547   1,087   9,757
 OPCo   5,810   39,183   2,314   20,908
 PSO   53   130   -   44
 SWEPCo   66   124   -   72

The following tables represent the gross fair value of the Registrant Subsidiaries' derivative activity on the balance sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2011
                 
OPCo               
   Risk        
   Management        
   Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
       and Foreign    
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $325,904 $1,409 $- $(273,020) $54,293
Long-term Risk Management Assets  136,519  122  -  (83,027)  53,614
Total Assets  462,423  1,531  -  (356,047)  107,907
                 
Current Risk Management Liabilities  329,307  3,712  -  (296,458)  36,561
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   112,454  474  -  (95,038)  17,890
Total Liabilities  441,761  4,186  -  (391,496)  54,451
                 
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net               
 Assets (Liabilities) $20,662 $(2,655) $- $35,449 $53,456
                 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2010
                 
OPCo               
   Risk        
   Management        
   Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
       and Foreign    
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $412,637 $2,480 $- $(360,570) $54,547
Long-term Risk Management Assets  108,946  915  -  (59,760)  50,101
Total Assets  521,583  3,395  -  (420,330)  104,648
                 
Current Risk Management Liabilities  406,175  3,025  -  (371,067)  38,133
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   85,901  897  -  (72,172)  14,626
Total Liabilities  492,076  3,922  -  (443,239)  52,759
                 
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net               
 Assets (Liabilities) $29,507 $(527) $- $22,909 $51,889

(a) Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b) Amounts include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging." Amounts also include de-designated risk management contracts.

The tables below present the Registrant Subsidiaries' activity of derivative risk management contracts for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2011
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 2,843 $ 12,786 $ 27,292 $ 297 $ 547
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   154   92   196   3   4
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   (2)   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   373   (1,470)   (17,928)   (1,421)   (1,709)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   2,552   (5,178)   (105)   708   (118)
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 5,922 $ 6,230 $ 9,453 $ (413) $ (1,276)
                  
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2010
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 5,057 $ 21,834 $ 40,893 $ 3,156 $ 3,880
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   (2,379)   (2,471)   5,043   (794)   (1,523)
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   (372)   (186)   (5,788)   46   (2,902)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   27,790   8,217   3,451   878   351
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 30,096 $ 27,394 $ 43,599 $ 3,286 $ (194)
                  
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2009
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 16,213 $ 39,188 $ 59,313 $ (94) $ 44
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   (8,978)   (5,450)   (6,770)   912   750
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   -   (5,837)   (22,065)   (331)   (73)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   6,908   (2,394)   (7,805)   (1,280)   190
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 14,143 $ 25,507 $ 22,673 $ (793) $ 911

(a)       Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

The accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, management designates a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in revenues on a net basis on the statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in revenues or expenses on the statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions (APCo, I&M, PSO, the non-Texas portion of SWEPCo generation and, beginning in the second quarter of 2009, the Texas portion of SWEPCo generation) for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.” SWEPCo re-applied the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations” for the generation portion of SWEPCo's Texas retail jurisdiction effective the second quarter of 2009.

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on the statements of income. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not employ any fair value hedging strategies.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the Registrant Subsidiaries initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. The Registrant Subsidiaries recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas and heating oil and gasoline designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on the statements of income or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on the balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, APCo, I&M and OPCo designated commodity derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on financial fuel derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on the statements of income. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Interest Expense in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During 2011, APCo, I&M and SWEPCo designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges. During 2010, APCo and PSO designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges. During 2009, OPCo designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on the statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets that were designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, SWEPCo designated foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During 2009, OPCo recognized a $6 million gain in Interest Expense related to hedge ineffectiveness on interest rate derivatives designated in cash flow hedge strategies. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all of the other cash flow hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

The following tables provide details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. All amounts in the following tables are presented net of related income taxes.

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2011
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (273) $ (178) $ (364) $ 88 $ 82
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (2,077)   (1,294)   (2,748)   108   102
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   249   544   1,457   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   62   79   425   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (95)   (71)   (160)   (93)   (93)
   Maintenance Expense   (169)   (64)   (141)   (62)   (65)
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (175)   (90)   (217)   (110)   (88)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,169   255   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ (1,309) $ (819) $ (1,748) $ (69) $ (62)
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 217 $ (8,507) $ 10,813 $ 8,406 $ (4,272)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (373)   (6,913)   -   (475)   (12,438)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,180   955   (1,363)   (713)   1,248
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ 1,024 $ (14,465) $ 9,454 $ 7,218 $ (15,462)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (56) $ (8,685) $ 10,449 $ 8,494 $ (4,190)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (2,450)   (8,207)   (2,748)   (367)   (12,336)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   249   544   1,457   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   62   79   425   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (95)   (71)   (160)   (93)   (93)
   Maintenance Expense   (169)   (64)   (141)   (62)   (65)
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,180   955   (1,363)   (713)   1,248
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (175)   (90)   (217)   (110)   (88)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,169   255   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ (285) $ (15,284) $ 7,706 $ 7,149 $ (15,524)

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2010
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (743) $ (382) $ (742) $ (78) $ 112
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (1,450)   (901)   (1,958)   77   69
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   51   87   229   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   (13)   197   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   393   895   2,338   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (43)   (31)   (72)   (39)   (44)
   Maintenance Expense   (70)   (28)   (54)   (24)   (23)
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (71)   (36)   (87)   (45)   (32)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,660   218   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   (5)   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (273) $ (178) $ (364) $ 88 $ 82
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (6,450) $ (9,514) $ 12,172 $ (521) $ (5,047)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   5,042   -   -   8,813   (74)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   21
   Interest Expense   1,625   1,007   (1,363)   114   828
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 217 $ (8,507) $ 10,813 $ 8,406 $ (4,272)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (7,193) $ (9,896) $ 11,430 $ (599) $ (4,935)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   3,592   (901)   (1,958)   8,890   (5)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   51   87   229   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   (13)   197   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   393   895   2,338   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (43)   (31)   (72)   (39)   (23)
   Maintenance Expense   (70)   (28)   (54)   (24)   (23)
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,625   1,007   (1,363)   114   828
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (71)   (36)   (87)   (45)   (32)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,660   218   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   (5)   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (56) $ (8,685) $ 10,449 $ 8,494 $ (4,190)

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2009
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ 2,726 $ 1,482 $ 3,429 $ - $ -
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (669)   (435)   (984)   5   190
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   (1,646)   (3,189)   (8,991)   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   (95)   (50)   (108)   (49)   (54)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   1,093   2,142   5,982   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Maintenance Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (58)   (29)   (70)   (34)   (24)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   4,003   481   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (6,097)   (784)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (743) $ (382) $ (742) $ (78) $ 112
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ (8,118) $ (10,521) $ 1,752 $ (704) $ (5,924)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (1)   -   10,915   -   49
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   (4)   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,669   1,011   (499)   183   828
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (6,450) $ (9,514) $ 12,172 $ (521) $ (5,047)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ (5,392) $ (9,039) $ 5,181 $ (704) $ (5,924)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (670)   (435)   9,931   5   239
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   (1,646)   (3,189)   (8,991)   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   (95)   (50)   (108)   (49)   (54)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   1,093   2,142   5,982   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Maintenance Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   (4)   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,669   1,011   (499)   183   828
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (58)   (29)   (70)   (34)   (24)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   4,003   481   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (6,097)   (784)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (7,193) $ (9,896) $ 11,430 $ (599) $ (4,935)

(a)       Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets at December 31, 2011 and 2010 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2011
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 431 $ - $ 2,418 $ - $ (1,309) $ 1,024
 I&M   277   -   1,523   10,637   (819)   (14,465)
 OPCo   584   -   3,239   -   (1,748)   9,454
 PSO   -   -   107   -   (69)   7,218
 SWEPCo   -   3   97   19,143   (62)   (15,462)

    Expected to be Reclassified to   
    Net Income During the Next   
    Twelve Months   
        Maximum Term for
      Interest Rate Exposure to
      and Foreign  Variability of Future
 Company Commodity Currency Cash Flows
    (in thousands) (in months)
 APCo $ (1,140) $ (1,052)   29
 I&M   (712)   (595)   29
 OPCo   (1,518)   1,359   29
 PSO   (70)   759   12
 SWEPCo   (63)   (1,864)   12

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2010
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 333 $ 11,888 $ 727 $ - $ (273) $ 217
 I&M   175   -   437   -   (178)   (8,507)
 OPCo   403   -   930   -   (364)   10,813
 PSO   134   13,558   -   -   88   8,406
 SWEPCo   123   5   -   -   82   (4,272)

    Expected to be Reclassified to 
    Net Income During the Next 
    Twelve Months 
      Interest Rate 
      and Foreign  
 Company Commodity Currency 
    (in thousands) 
 APCo $ (280) $ (1,173) 
 I&M   (184)   (955) 
 OPCo   (373)   1,359 
 PSO   88   735 
 SWEPCo   82   (829) 

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on the balance sheets.

 

The actual amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes.

Credit Risk

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, limits credit risk in their wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses standardized master agreements which may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds the established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with AEP's credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs) and a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to competitive retail auction loads, the Registrant Subsidiaries are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if certain credit ratings decline below investment grade. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and total exposure. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. The Registrant Subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below investment grade. The following tables represent: (a) the Registrant Subsidiaries' aggregate fair values of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral the Registrant Subsidiaries would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts if credit ratings of the Registrant Subsidiaries had declined below investment grade and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

    December 31, 2011
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 10,007 $ 6,211 $ 6,211
 I&M   6,418   3,983   3,983
 OPCo   13,550   8,410   8,410
 PSO   -   856   414
 SWEPCo   -   1,128   522

    December 31, 2010
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit  Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 6,594 $ 12,607 $ 12,574
 I&M   3,965   7,581   7,561
 OPCo   8,441   16,138   16,095
 PSO   16   1,785   1,385
 SWEPCo   19   2,139   1,659

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Registrant Subsidiaries were not required to post any collateral.

 

In addition, a majority of the Registrant Subsidiaries' non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in the contracts. Management does not anticipate a non-performance event under these provisions. The following tables represent: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral posted by the Registrant Subsidiaries and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering the Registrant Subsidiaries' contractual netting arrangements as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

    December 31, 2011
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 76,868 $ 8,107 $ 27,603
 I&M   59,936   5,200   28,339
 OPCo   104,091   10,978   37,380
 PSO   142   -   61
 SWEPCo   19,322   -   19,220
            
    December 31, 2010
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 76,810 $ 6,637 $ 23,748
 I&M   46,188   3,991   14,280
 OPCo   98,343   8,496   30,420
 PSO   60   -   28
 SWEPCo   75   -   37
Public Service Co Of Oklahoma [Member]
 
Derivatives and Hedging [Abstract]  
Derivatives and Hedging

9. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to certain market risks as major power producers and marketers of wholesale electricity, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact the Registrant Subsidiaries due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, manages these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Trading Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes focuses on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which AEPSC transacts on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries.

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments focuses on managing risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. To accomplish these objectives, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, primarily employs risk management contracts including physical forward purchase and sale contracts, financial forward purchase and sale contracts and financial swap instruments. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser degree, heating oil and gasoline, emission allowance and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with the energy business. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with the Registrant Subsidiaries' commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as these risks are related to energy risk management activities. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also engages in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of AEP's Board of Directors.

 

The following tables represent the gross notional volume of the Registrant Subsidiaries' outstanding derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2011
                    
 Primary Risk Unit of               
 Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
                    
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWHs   169,459   109,326   229,468   39   49
 Coal Tons   3,714   1,920   8,337   3,574   2,974
 Natural Gas MMBtus   7,923   5,081   10,728   115   145
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,057   525   1,254   618   569
 Interest Rate USD $ 31,029 $ 19,890 $ 42,093 $ 175 $ 203
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,069
                    
 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2010
                    
 Primary Risk Unit of               
 Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
                    
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWHs   194,217   117,862   248,616   21   34
 Coal Tons   11,195   6,571   28,583   4,936   8,777
 Natural Gas MMBtus   2,166   1,302   2,772   15   19
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,054   521   1,243   616   564
 Interest Rate USD $ 9,541 $ 5,732 $ 12,656 $ 609 $ 793
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,000 $ 189

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify an exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into and designates as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas and heating oil and gasoline (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. Management monitors the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enters into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries' vehicle fleet is exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of future fuel purchases. For disclosure purposes, these contracts are included with other hedging activities as “Commodity.” The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also enters into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. The forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, the Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when some fixed assets are purchased from foreign suppliers. In accordance with AEP's risk management policy, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of the derivative instruments, the Registrant Subsidiaries also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with management's estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” the Registrant Subsidiaries reflect the fair values of derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, the Registrant Subsidiaries are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the December 31, 2011 and 2010 balance sheets, the Registrant Subsidiaries netted cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities as follows:

    December 31,
    2011 2010
    Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral
    Received Paid Received Paid
    Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against
    Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management
 Company Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 4,291 $ 28,964 $ 1,809 $ 16,229
 I&M   2,752   18,547   1,087   9,757
 OPCo   5,810   39,183   2,314   20,908
 PSO   53   130   -   44
 SWEPCo   66   124   -   72

The following tables represent the gross fair value of the Registrant Subsidiaries' derivative activity on the balance sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2011
                 
PSO               
   Risk        
   Management        
   Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
       and Foreign    
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $6,980 $- $- $(6,415) $565
Long-term Risk Management Assets  914  -  -  (600)  314
Total Assets  7,894  -  -  (7,015)  879
                 
Current Risk Management Liabilities  7,665  107  -  (6,492)  1,280
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   1,930  -  -  (600)  1,330
Total Liabilities  9,595  107  -  (7,092)  2,610
                 
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net               
 Assets (Liabilities) $(1,701) $(107) $- $77 $(1,731)
                 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2010
                 
PSO               
   Risk        
   Management        
   Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
       and Foreign    
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $19,174 $134 $13,558 $(18,641) $14,225
Long-term Risk Management Assets  1,944  -  -  (1,692)  252
Total Assets  21,118  134  13,558  (20,333)  14,477
                 
Current Risk Management Liabilities  19,607  -  -  (18,685)  922
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   1,889  -  -  (1,692)  197
Total Liabilities  21,496  -  -  (20,377)  1,119
                 
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net               
 Assets (Liabilities) $(378) $134 $13,558 $44 $13,358

(a) Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b) Amounts include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging." Amounts also include de-designated risk management contracts.

The tables below present the Registrant Subsidiaries' activity of derivative risk management contracts for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2011
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 2,843 $ 12,786 $ 27,292 $ 297 $ 547
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   154   92   196   3   4
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   (2)   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   373   (1,470)   (17,928)   (1,421)   (1,709)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   2,552   (5,178)   (105)   708   (118)
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 5,922 $ 6,230 $ 9,453 $ (413) $ (1,276)
                  
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2010
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 5,057 $ 21,834 $ 40,893 $ 3,156 $ 3,880
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   (2,379)   (2,471)   5,043   (794)   (1,523)
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   (372)   (186)   (5,788)   46   (2,902)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   27,790   8,217   3,451   878   351
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 30,096 $ 27,394 $ 43,599 $ 3,286 $ (194)
                  
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2009
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 16,213 $ 39,188 $ 59,313 $ (94) $ 44
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   (8,978)   (5,450)   (6,770)   912   750
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   -   (5,837)   (22,065)   (331)   (73)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   6,908   (2,394)   (7,805)   (1,280)   190
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 14,143 $ 25,507 $ 22,673 $ (793) $ 911

(a)       Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

The accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, management designates a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in revenues on a net basis on the statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in revenues or expenses on the statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions (APCo, I&M, PSO, the non-Texas portion of SWEPCo generation and, beginning in the second quarter of 2009, the Texas portion of SWEPCo generation) for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.” SWEPCo re-applied the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations” for the generation portion of SWEPCo's Texas retail jurisdiction effective the second quarter of 2009.

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on the statements of income. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not employ any fair value hedging strategies.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the Registrant Subsidiaries initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. The Registrant Subsidiaries recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas and heating oil and gasoline designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on the statements of income or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on the balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, APCo, I&M and OPCo designated commodity derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on financial fuel derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on the statements of income. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Interest Expense in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During 2011, APCo, I&M and SWEPCo designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges. During 2010, APCo and PSO designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges. During 2009, OPCo designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on the statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets that were designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, SWEPCo designated foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During 2009, OPCo recognized a $6 million gain in Interest Expense related to hedge ineffectiveness on interest rate derivatives designated in cash flow hedge strategies. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all of the other cash flow hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

The following tables provide details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. All amounts in the following tables are presented net of related income taxes.

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2011
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (273) $ (178) $ (364) $ 88 $ 82
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (2,077)   (1,294)   (2,748)   108   102
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   249   544   1,457   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   62   79   425   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (95)   (71)   (160)   (93)   (93)
   Maintenance Expense   (169)   (64)   (141)   (62)   (65)
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (175)   (90)   (217)   (110)   (88)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,169   255   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ (1,309) $ (819) $ (1,748) $ (69) $ (62)
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 217 $ (8,507) $ 10,813 $ 8,406 $ (4,272)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (373)   (6,913)   -   (475)   (12,438)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,180   955   (1,363)   (713)   1,248
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ 1,024 $ (14,465) $ 9,454 $ 7,218 $ (15,462)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (56) $ (8,685) $ 10,449 $ 8,494 $ (4,190)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (2,450)   (8,207)   (2,748)   (367)   (12,336)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   249   544   1,457   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   62   79   425   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (95)   (71)   (160)   (93)   (93)
   Maintenance Expense   (169)   (64)   (141)   (62)   (65)
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,180   955   (1,363)   (713)   1,248
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (175)   (90)   (217)   (110)   (88)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,169   255   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ (285) $ (15,284) $ 7,706 $ 7,149 $ (15,524)

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2010
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (743) $ (382) $ (742) $ (78) $ 112
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (1,450)   (901)   (1,958)   77   69
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   51   87   229   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   (13)   197   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   393   895   2,338   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (43)   (31)   (72)   (39)   (44)
   Maintenance Expense   (70)   (28)   (54)   (24)   (23)
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (71)   (36)   (87)   (45)   (32)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,660   218   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   (5)   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (273) $ (178) $ (364) $ 88 $ 82
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (6,450) $ (9,514) $ 12,172 $ (521) $ (5,047)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   5,042   -   -   8,813   (74)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   21
   Interest Expense   1,625   1,007   (1,363)   114   828
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 217 $ (8,507) $ 10,813 $ 8,406 $ (4,272)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (7,193) $ (9,896) $ 11,430 $ (599) $ (4,935)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   3,592   (901)   (1,958)   8,890   (5)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   51   87   229   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   (13)   197   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   393   895   2,338   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (43)   (31)   (72)   (39)   (23)
   Maintenance Expense   (70)   (28)   (54)   (24)   (23)
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,625   1,007   (1,363)   114   828
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (71)   (36)   (87)   (45)   (32)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,660   218   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   (5)   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (56) $ (8,685) $ 10,449 $ 8,494 $ (4,190)

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2009
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ 2,726 $ 1,482 $ 3,429 $ - $ -
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (669)   (435)   (984)   5   190
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   (1,646)   (3,189)   (8,991)   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   (95)   (50)   (108)   (49)   (54)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   1,093   2,142   5,982   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Maintenance Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (58)   (29)   (70)   (34)   (24)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   4,003   481   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (6,097)   (784)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (743) $ (382) $ (742) $ (78) $ 112
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ (8,118) $ (10,521) $ 1,752 $ (704) $ (5,924)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (1)   -   10,915   -   49
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   (4)   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,669   1,011   (499)   183   828
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (6,450) $ (9,514) $ 12,172 $ (521) $ (5,047)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ (5,392) $ (9,039) $ 5,181 $ (704) $ (5,924)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (670)   (435)   9,931   5   239
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   (1,646)   (3,189)   (8,991)   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   (95)   (50)   (108)   (49)   (54)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   1,093   2,142   5,982   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Maintenance Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   (4)   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,669   1,011   (499)   183   828
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (58)   (29)   (70)   (34)   (24)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   4,003   481   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (6,097)   (784)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (7,193) $ (9,896) $ 11,430 $ (599) $ (4,935)

(a)       Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets at December 31, 2011 and 2010 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2011
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 431 $ - $ 2,418 $ - $ (1,309) $ 1,024
 I&M   277   -   1,523   10,637   (819)   (14,465)
 OPCo   584   -   3,239   -   (1,748)   9,454
 PSO   -   -   107   -   (69)   7,218
 SWEPCo   -   3   97   19,143   (62)   (15,462)

    Expected to be Reclassified to   
    Net Income During the Next   
    Twelve Months   
        Maximum Term for
      Interest Rate Exposure to
      and Foreign  Variability of Future
 Company Commodity Currency Cash Flows
    (in thousands) (in months)
 APCo $ (1,140) $ (1,052)   29
 I&M   (712)   (595)   29
 OPCo   (1,518)   1,359   29
 PSO   (70)   759   12
 SWEPCo   (63)   (1,864)   12

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2010
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 333 $ 11,888 $ 727 $ - $ (273) $ 217
 I&M   175   -   437   -   (178)   (8,507)
 OPCo   403   -   930   -   (364)   10,813
 PSO   134   13,558   -   -   88   8,406
 SWEPCo   123   5   -   -   82   (4,272)

    Expected to be Reclassified to 
    Net Income During the Next 
    Twelve Months 
      Interest Rate 
      and Foreign  
 Company Commodity Currency 
    (in thousands) 
 APCo $ (280) $ (1,173) 
 I&M   (184)   (955) 
 OPCo   (373)   1,359 
 PSO   88   735 
 SWEPCo   82   (829) 

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on the balance sheets.

 

The actual amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes.

Credit Risk

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, limits credit risk in their wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses standardized master agreements which may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds the established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with AEP's credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs) and a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to competitive retail auction loads, the Registrant Subsidiaries are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if certain credit ratings decline below investment grade. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and total exposure. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. The Registrant Subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below investment grade. The following tables represent: (a) the Registrant Subsidiaries' aggregate fair values of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral the Registrant Subsidiaries would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts if credit ratings of the Registrant Subsidiaries had declined below investment grade and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

    December 31, 2011
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 10,007 $ 6,211 $ 6,211
 I&M   6,418   3,983   3,983
 OPCo   13,550   8,410   8,410
 PSO   -   856   414
 SWEPCo   -   1,128   522

    December 31, 2010
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit  Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 6,594 $ 12,607 $ 12,574
 I&M   3,965   7,581   7,561
 OPCo   8,441   16,138   16,095
 PSO   16   1,785   1,385
 SWEPCo   19   2,139   1,659

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Registrant Subsidiaries were not required to post any collateral.

 

In addition, a majority of the Registrant Subsidiaries' non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in the contracts. Management does not anticipate a non-performance event under these provisions. The following tables represent: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral posted by the Registrant Subsidiaries and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering the Registrant Subsidiaries' contractual netting arrangements as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

    December 31, 2011
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 76,868 $ 8,107 $ 27,603
 I&M   59,936   5,200   28,339
 OPCo   104,091   10,978   37,380
 PSO   142   -   61
 SWEPCo   19,322   -   19,220
            
    December 31, 2010
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 76,810 $ 6,637 $ 23,748
 I&M   46,188   3,991   14,280
 OPCo   98,343   8,496   30,420
 PSO   60   -   28
 SWEPCo   75   -   37
Southwestern Electric Power Co [Member]
 
Derivatives and Hedging [Abstract]  
Derivatives and Hedging

9. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to certain market risks as major power producers and marketers of wholesale electricity, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact the Registrant Subsidiaries due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, manages these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Trading Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes focuses on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which AEPSC transacts on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries.

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments focuses on managing risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. To accomplish these objectives, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, primarily employs risk management contracts including physical forward purchase and sale contracts, financial forward purchase and sale contracts and financial swap instruments. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser degree, heating oil and gasoline, emission allowance and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with the energy business. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with the Registrant Subsidiaries' commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as these risks are related to energy risk management activities. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also engages in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of AEP's Board of Directors.

 

The following tables represent the gross notional volume of the Registrant Subsidiaries' outstanding derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2011
                    
 Primary Risk Unit of               
 Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
                    
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWHs   169,459   109,326   229,468   39   49
 Coal Tons   3,714   1,920   8,337   3,574   2,974
 Natural Gas MMBtus   7,923   5,081   10,728   115   145
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,057   525   1,254   618   569
 Interest Rate USD $ 31,029 $ 19,890 $ 42,093 $ 175 $ 203
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,069
                    
 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
 December 31, 2010
                    
 Primary Risk Unit of               
 Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
                    
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWHs   194,217   117,862   248,616   21   34
 Coal Tons   11,195   6,571   28,583   4,936   8,777
 Natural Gas MMBtus   2,166   1,302   2,772   15   19
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,054   521   1,243   616   564
 Interest Rate USD $ 9,541 $ 5,732 $ 12,656 $ 609 $ 793
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ 200,000 $ - $ - $ 200,000 $ 189

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify an exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into and designates as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas and heating oil and gasoline (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. Management monitors the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enters into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries' vehicle fleet is exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of future fuel purchases. For disclosure purposes, these contracts are included with other hedging activities as “Commodity.” The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also enters into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. The forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, the Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when some fixed assets are purchased from foreign suppliers. In accordance with AEP's risk management policy, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of the derivative instruments, the Registrant Subsidiaries also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with management's estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” the Registrant Subsidiaries reflect the fair values of derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, the Registrant Subsidiaries are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the December 31, 2011 and 2010 balance sheets, the Registrant Subsidiaries netted cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities as follows:

    December 31,
    2011 2010
    Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral
    Received Paid Received Paid
    Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against
    Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management
 Company Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 4,291 $ 28,964 $ 1,809 $ 16,229
 I&M   2,752   18,547   1,087   9,757
 OPCo   5,810   39,183   2,314   20,908
 PSO   53   130   -   44
 SWEPCo   66   124   -   72

The following tables represent the gross fair value of the Registrant Subsidiaries' derivative activity on the balance sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2011
                 
SWEPCo               
   Risk        
   Management        
   Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
       and Foreign    
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $6,327 $- $3 $(5,885) $445
Long-term Risk Management Assets  818  -  -  (536)  282
Total Assets  7,145  -  3  (6,421)  727
                 
Current Risk Management Liabilities  11,062  97  19,143  (5,943)  24,359
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   757  -  -  (536)  221
Total Liabilities  11,819  97  19,143  (6,479)  24,580
                 
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net               
 Assets (Liabilities) $(4,674) $(97) $(19,140) $58 $(23,853)
                 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2010
                 
SWEPCo               
   Risk        
   Management        
   Contracts Hedging Contracts    
        Interest Rate    
       and Foreign    
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Other (b) Total
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $33,284 $123 $- $(32,198) $1,209
Long-term Risk Management Assets  3,346  -  5  (2,913)  438
Total Assets  36,630  123  5  (35,111)  1,647
                 
Current Risk Management Liabilities  36,338  -  -  (32,271)  4,067
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   3,250  -  -  (2,912)  338
Total Liabilities  39,588  -  -  (35,183)  4,405
                 
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net               
 Assets (Liabilities) $(2,958) $123 $5 $72 $(2,758)

(a) Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b) Amounts include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging." Amounts also include de-designated risk management contracts.

The tables below present the Registrant Subsidiaries' activity of derivative risk management contracts for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2011
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 2,843 $ 12,786 $ 27,292 $ 297 $ 547
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   154   92   196   3   4
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   (2)   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   373   (1,470)   (17,928)   (1,421)   (1,709)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   2,552   (5,178)   (105)   708   (118)
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 5,922 $ 6,230 $ 9,453 $ (413) $ (1,276)
                  
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2010
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 5,057 $ 21,834 $ 40,893 $ 3,156 $ 3,880
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   (2,379)   (2,471)   5,043   (794)   (1,523)
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   (372)   (186)   (5,788)   46   (2,902)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   27,790   8,217   3,451   878   351
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 30,096 $ 27,394 $ 43,599 $ 3,286 $ (194)
                  
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
  Year Ended December 31, 2009
                  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
    (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 16,213 $ 39,188 $ 59,313 $ (94) $ 44
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   (8,978)   (5,450)   (6,770)   912   750
 Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
  Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   -   (5,837)   (22,065)   (331)   (73)
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   6,908   (2,394)   (7,805)   (1,280)   190
 Total Gain (Loss) on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 14,143 $ 25,507 $ 22,673 $ (793) $ 911

(a)       Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

The accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, management designates a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in revenues on a net basis on the statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in revenues or expenses on the statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions (APCo, I&M, PSO, the non-Texas portion of SWEPCo generation and, beginning in the second quarter of 2009, the Texas portion of SWEPCo generation) for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.” SWEPCo re-applied the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations” for the generation portion of SWEPCo's Texas retail jurisdiction effective the second quarter of 2009.

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on the statements of income. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not employ any fair value hedging strategies.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the Registrant Subsidiaries initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. The Registrant Subsidiaries recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal, natural gas and heating oil and gasoline designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on the statements of income or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on the balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, APCo, I&M and OPCo designated commodity derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on financial fuel derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on the statements of income. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Interest Expense in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During 2011, APCo, I&M and SWEPCo designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges. During 2010, APCo and PSO designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges. During 2009, OPCo designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on the statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets that were designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, SWEPCo designated foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During 2009, OPCo recognized a $6 million gain in Interest Expense related to hedge ineffectiveness on interest rate derivatives designated in cash flow hedge strategies. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all of the other cash flow hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

The following tables provide details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. All amounts in the following tables are presented net of related income taxes.

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2011
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (273) $ (178) $ (364) $ 88 $ 82
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (2,077)   (1,294)   (2,748)   108   102
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   249   544   1,457   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   62   79   425   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (95)   (71)   (160)   (93)   (93)
   Maintenance Expense   (169)   (64)   (141)   (62)   (65)
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (175)   (90)   (217)   (110)   (88)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,169   255   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ (1,309) $ (819) $ (1,748) $ (69) $ (62)
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 217 $ (8,507) $ 10,813 $ 8,406 $ (4,272)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (373)   (6,913)   -   (475)   (12,438)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,180   955   (1,363)   (713)   1,248
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ 1,024 $ (14,465) $ 9,454 $ 7,218 $ (15,462)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (56) $ (8,685) $ 10,449 $ 8,494 $ (4,190)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (2,450)   (8,207)   (2,748)   (367)   (12,336)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   249   544   1,457   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   -   -   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   62   79   425   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (95)   (71)   (160)   (93)   (93)
   Maintenance Expense   (169)   (64)   (141)   (62)   (65)
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,180   955   (1,363)   (713)   1,248
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (175)   (90)   (217)   (110)   (88)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,169   255   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2011 $ (285) $ (15,284) $ 7,706 $ 7,149 $ (15,524)

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2010
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (743) $ (382) $ (742) $ (78) $ 112
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (1,450)   (901)   (1,958)   77   69
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   51   87   229   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   (13)   197   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   393   895   2,338   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (43)   (31)   (72)   (39)   (44)
   Maintenance Expense   (70)   (28)   (54)   (24)   (23)
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (71)   (36)   (87)   (45)   (32)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,660   218   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   (5)   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (273) $ (178) $ (364) $ 88 $ 82
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (6,450) $ (9,514) $ 12,172 $ (521) $ (5,047)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   5,042   -   -   8,813   (74)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   21
   Interest Expense   1,625   1,007   (1,363)   114   828
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ 217 $ (8,507) $ 10,813 $ 8,406 $ (4,272)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (7,193) $ (9,896) $ 11,430 $ (599) $ (4,935)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   3,592   (901)   (1,958)   8,890   (5)
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   51   87   229   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   -   -   (13)   197   -
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   393   895   2,338   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   (43)   (31)   (72)   (39)   (23)
   Maintenance Expense   (70)   (28)   (54)   (24)   (23)
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   -   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,625   1,007   (1,363)   114   828
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (71)   (36)   (87)   (45)   (32)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   1,660   218   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   -   -   (5)   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2010 $ (56) $ (8,685) $ 10,449 $ 8,494 $ (4,190)

 Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Activity for Cash Flow Hedges
  Year Ended December 31, 2009
  
 Commodity Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
   (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ 2,726 $ 1,482 $ 3,429 $ - $ -
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (669)   (435)   (984)   5   190
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   (1,646)   (3,189)   (8,991)   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   (95)   (50)   (108)   (49)   (54)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   1,093   2,142   5,982   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Maintenance Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (58)   (29)   (70)   (34)   (24)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   4,003   481   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (6,097)   (784)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (743) $ (382) $ (742) $ (78) $ 112
                    
 Interest Rate and               
 Foreign Currency Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ (8,118) $ (10,521) $ 1,752 $ (704) $ (5,924)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (1)   -   10,915   -   49
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   (4)   4   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,669   1,011   (499)   183   828
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (6,450) $ (9,514) $ 12,172 $ (521) $ (5,047)
                    
 Total Contracts APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2008 $ (5,392) $ (9,039) $ 5,181 $ (704) $ (5,924)
 Changes in Fair Value Recognized in AOCI   (670)   (435)   9,931   5   239
 Amount of (Gain) or Loss Reclassified               
  from AOCI to Statement of Income/within               
  Balance Sheet:               
   Electric Generation, Transmission and               
    Distribution Revenues   (1,646)   (3,189)   (8,991)   -   -
   Fuel and Other Consumables Used for               
    Electric Generation   (95)   (50)   (108)   (49)   (54)
   Purchased Electricity for Resale   1,093   2,142   5,982   -   -
   Other Operation Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Maintenance Expense   -   -   -   -   -
   Depreciation and Amortization               
    Expense   -   (4)   4   -   -
   Interest Expense   1,669   1,011   (499)   183   828
   Property, Plant and Equipment   (58)   (29)   (70)   (34)   (24)
   Regulatory Assets (a)   4,003   481   -   -   -
   Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (6,097)   (784)   -   -   -
 Balance in AOCI as of December 31, 2009 $ (7,193) $ (9,896) $ 11,430 $ (599) $ (4,935)

(a)       Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the balance sheets.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheets at December 31, 2011 and 2010 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2011
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 431 $ - $ 2,418 $ - $ (1,309) $ 1,024
 I&M   277   -   1,523   10,637   (819)   (14,465)
 OPCo   584   -   3,239   -   (1,748)   9,454
 PSO   -   -   107   -   (69)   7,218
 SWEPCo   -   3   97   19,143   (62)   (15,462)

    Expected to be Reclassified to   
    Net Income During the Next   
    Twelve Months   
        Maximum Term for
      Interest Rate Exposure to
      and Foreign  Variability of Future
 Company Commodity Currency Cash Flows
    (in thousands) (in months)
 APCo $ (1,140) $ (1,052)   29
 I&M   (712)   (595)   29
 OPCo   (1,518)   1,359   29
 PSO   (70)   759   12
 SWEPCo   (63)   (1,864)   12

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2010
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 333 $ 11,888 $ 727 $ - $ (273) $ 217
 I&M   175   -   437   -   (178)   (8,507)
 OPCo   403   -   930   -   (364)   10,813
 PSO   134   13,558   -   -   88   8,406
 SWEPCo   123   5   -   -   82   (4,272)

    Expected to be Reclassified to 
    Net Income During the Next 
    Twelve Months 
      Interest Rate 
      and Foreign  
 Company Commodity Currency 
    (in thousands) 
 APCo $ (280) $ (1,173) 
 I&M   (184)   (955) 
 OPCo   (373)   1,359 
 PSO   88   735 
 SWEPCo   82   (829) 

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on the balance sheets.

 

The actual amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes.

Credit Risk

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, limits credit risk in their wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses standardized master agreements which may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds the established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with AEP's credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs) and a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to competitive retail auction loads, the Registrant Subsidiaries are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if certain credit ratings decline below investment grade. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and total exposure. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. The Registrant Subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below investment grade. The following tables represent: (a) the Registrant Subsidiaries' aggregate fair values of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral the Registrant Subsidiaries would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts if credit ratings of the Registrant Subsidiaries had declined below investment grade and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

    December 31, 2011
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 10,007 $ 6,211 $ 6,211
 I&M   6,418   3,983   3,983
 OPCo   13,550   8,410   8,410
 PSO   -   856   414
 SWEPCo   -   1,128   522

    December 31, 2010
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit  Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 6,594 $ 12,607 $ 12,574
 I&M   3,965   7,581   7,561
 OPCo   8,441   16,138   16,095
 PSO   16   1,785   1,385
 SWEPCo   19   2,139   1,659

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Registrant Subsidiaries were not required to post any collateral.

 

In addition, a majority of the Registrant Subsidiaries' non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in the contracts. Management does not anticipate a non-performance event under these provisions. The following tables represent: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral posted by the Registrant Subsidiaries and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering the Registrant Subsidiaries' contractual netting arrangements as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

    December 31, 2011
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 76,868 $ 8,107 $ 27,603
 I&M   59,936   5,200   28,339
 OPCo   104,091   10,978   37,380
 PSO   142   -   61
 SWEPCo   19,322   -   19,220
            
    December 31, 2010
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 76,810 $ 6,637 $ 23,748
 I&M   46,188   3,991   14,280
 OPCo   98,343   8,496   30,420
 PSO   60   -   28
 SWEPCo   75   -   37