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TAXES
9 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
TAXES
TAXES
We estimate the full-year effective tax rate from continuing operations and apply this rate to our year-to-date income from continuing operations. In addition, we separately calculate the tax impact of unusual or infrequent items, if any. The tax impacts of such unusual or infrequent items are treated discretely in the quarter in which they occur. During the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, our effective tax rate was (38.4)% and 57.5%, respectively, and during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, our effective tax rate was (2.1)% and (2.7)%, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were impacted by net operating losses in certain foreign jurisdictions and valuation allowances against future realization of foreign tax credits.
The relationship between our provision for or benefit from income taxes and our pre-tax book income can vary significantly from period to period considering, among other factors, (a) the overall level of pre-tax book income, (b) changes in the blend of income that is taxed based on gross revenues or at high effective tax rates versus pre-tax book income or at low effective tax rates and (c) our geographical blend of pre-tax book income. Consequently, our income tax expense or benefit does not change proportionally with our pre-tax book income or loss. Significant decreases in our pre-tax book income typically result in higher effective tax rates, while significant increases in pre-tax book income can lead to lower effective tax rates, subject to the other factors impacting income tax expense noted above. The change in our effective tax rate excluding discrete items for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 primarily related to changes in the blend of earnings taxed in relatively high taxed jurisdictions versus low taxed jurisdictions. Additionally, we increased our valuation allowance by $33.5 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $43.8 million and $13.4 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which also impacted our effective tax rate.
As of December 31, 2018, there were $4.3 million of unrecognized tax benefits, all of which would have an impact on our effective tax rate if recognized.
On December 22, 2017, the president of the United States signed into law tax legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). The Act includes numerous changes in existing U.S. tax law, including a permanent reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. The rate reduction took effect on January 1, 2018. Further, the Act provides for a one-time “deemed repatriation” of accumulated foreign earnings of certain foreign corporations. Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, our net deferred tax liabilities are required to be revalued during the period in which the new tax legislation is enacted. We have completed our analysis of the income tax implications of the Act during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and recorded adjustments accordingly to previously reported provisional amounts.
Certain provisions under the Act became applicable to us on April 1, 2018 and our income tax provision for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 includes the tax implications of these provisions. These provisions include Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”), Base Erosion and Anti-Avoidance Tax (“BEAT”), Foreign Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”), and certain limitations on the deduction of interest expense and utilization of net operating losses.