The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments, principally to manage the Corporation’s interest rate risk. Additionally, the Corporation enters into interest rate derivatives to accommodate the business requirements of its customers. All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and are measured at fair value. Derivative assets are included in other assets and derivative liabilities are included in other liabilities in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative and resulting designation.

Interest rate risk management agreements, such as caps, swaps and floors, are used from time to time as part of the Corporation’s interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps are agreements in which the Corporation and another party agree to exchange interest payments (e.g., fixed-rate for variable-rate payments) computed on a notional principal amount. Interest rate caps and floors represent options purchased by the Corporation to manage the interest rate paid throughout the term of the option contract. The credit risk associated with these transactions is the risk of default by the counterparty. To minimize this risk, the Corporation enters into interest rate agreements only with highly rated counterparties that management believes to be creditworthy. The notional amounts of these agreements do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, thus, are not a measure of the potential loss exposure.

Additionally, the Corporation had an interest rate swap contract that was designated as a cash flow hedge to hedge the interest rate risk associated with a pool of variable rate commercial loans. On March 31, 2023, the Corporation terminated this interest rate swap contract and the derivative liability was derecognized. The loss on this interest rate swap included in the AOCL component of shareholders’ equity was updated to its termination date fair value of $26.5 million, or $20.1 million after tax. This loss is being amortized into earnings as a reduction of interest income on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the original interest rate swap term, or through May 1, 2026. At September 30, 2023, the remaining unamortized balance of the loss included in the AOCL component of shareholders’ equity was $22.2 million, or $16.9 million after tax.

The Corporation enters into interest rate swap and interest rate cap contracts to help commercial loan borrowers manage their interest rate risk. These interest rate swap contracts allow borrowers to convert variable-rate loan payments to fixed-rate loan payments, while interest rate cap contracts allow borrowers to limit their interest rate exposure in a rising rate environment. When the Corporation enters into an interest rate derivative contract with a commercial loan borrower, it simultaneously enters into a “mirror” interest rate contract with a third party. For interest rate swaps, the third party exchanges the client’s fixed-rate loan payments for variable-rate loan payments. The Corporation retains the risk that is associated with the potential failure of counterparties and the risk inherent in originating loans. These derivatives are not designated as hedges and therefore, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

The Corporation has entered into risk participation agreements with other banks in commercial loan arrangements. Participating banks guarantee the performance on borrower-related interest rate swap contracts. These derivatives are not designated as hedges and therefore, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

Under a risk participation-out agreement, a derivative asset, the Corporation participates out a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position executed with the commercial borrower for a fee paid to the participating bank. Under a risk participation-in agreement, a derivative liability, the Corporation assumes, or participates in, a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position with the commercial borrower for a fee received from the other bank.

Interest rate lock commitments are extended to borrowers and relate to the origination of mortgage loans held for sale. To mitigate the interest rate risk and pricing risk associated with rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale, the Corporation enters into forward sale commitments. Forward sale commitments are contracts for delayed delivery or net settlement of the underlying instrument, such as a residential real estate mortgage loan, where the seller agrees to deliver on a specified future date, either a specified instrument at a specified price or yield or the net cash equivalent of an underlying instrument. Both interest rate lock commitments and forward sale commitments are derivative financial instruments, but do not meet criteria for hedge accounting and therefore, the changes in fair value of these commitments are recognized in earnings.


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
		Fair Value			Fair Value
	Notional Amounts	Derivative Assets	Derivative Liabilities	Notional Amounts	Derivative Assets	Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate risk management contracts:

Interest rate swaps (1)	$140,000	$3,639	$—	$320,000	$548	$31,178

Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Loan related derivative contracts:
Interest rate contracts with customers	962,174	1,839	80,658	935,099	32	68,137
Mirror contracts with counterparties	962,174	80,277	1,841	935,099	67,797	61
Risk participation agreements	319,002	1	—	282,191	—	2

Mortgage loan commitments:
Interest rate lock commitments	30,722	334	20	12,201	144	4
Forward sale commitments	45,433	192	139	23,150	58	150
Gross amounts		86,282	82,658		68,579	99,532
Less: amounts offset (2)		1,841	1,841		23,524	23,524
Derivative balances, net of offset		84,441	80,817		45,055	76,008
Less: collateral pledged (3)		—	—		—	7,716
Net amounts		$84,441	$80,817		$45,055	$68,292

(1)The fair value of derivative assets includes accrued interest receivable of $262 thousand and $24 thousand, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The fair value of derivative liabilities includes accrued interest payable of $856 thousand at December 31, 2022.

(3)Collateral pledged to derivative counterparties is in the form of cash. Washington Trust may need to post additional collateral in the future in proportion to potential increases in unrealized loss positions.


(Dollars in thousands)	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
	Three Months		Nine Months
Periods ended September 30,	2023	2022	2023	2022
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate risk management contracts:
Interest rate swaps	$2,833	($6,973)	$8,345	($20,281)


Total	$2,833	($6,973)	$8,345	($20,281)


(Dollars in thousands)		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Noninterest Income
		Three Months		Nine Months
Periods ended September 30,	Statement of Income Location	2023	2022	2023	2022
Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Loan related derivative contracts:
Interest rate contracts with customers	Loan related derivative income	($18,684)	($33,605)	($28,044)	($93,227)
Mirror interest rate contracts with counterparties	Loan related derivative income	20,291	34,646	29,815	95,189
Risk participation agreements	Loan related derivative income	(525)	—	(493)	49

Mortgage loan commitments:
Interest rate lock commitments	Mortgage banking revenues	(17)	(516)	174	(1,238)
Forward sale commitments	Mortgage banking revenues	456	998	814	4,729
Total		$1,521	$1,523	$2,266	$5,502