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Fair Value Measurements
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
The Corporation uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments on certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures.  Items recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include securities available for sale, mortgage loans held for sale and derivatives.  Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as collateral dependent individually analyzed loans, property acquired through foreclosure or repossession and mortgage servicing rights.  These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve the application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement.  Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.  In addition, GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the types of valuation information (“inputs”) are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Corporation’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.
Level 3 – Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable in the markets and which reflect the Corporation’s market assumptions.

Fair Value Option Election
GAAP allows for the irrevocable option to elect fair value accounting for the initial and subsequent measurement for certain financial assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. The Corporation has elected the fair value option for mortgage loans held for sale to better match changes in fair value of the loans with changes in the fair value of the forward sale commitment contracts used to economically hedge them.

The following table presents a summary of mortgage loans held for sale accounted for under the fair value option:
(Dollars in thousands)June 30,
2021
December 31,
2020
Aggregate fair value$31,492 $61,614 
Aggregate principal balance
30,623 59,313 
Difference between fair value and principal balance$869 $2,301 

Changes in fair value of mortgage loans held for sale accounted for under the fair value option election (“fair value option adjustments”) are included in mortgage banking revenues in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income. Fair value option adjustments amounted to an increase of $38 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and a decrease of $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to increases of $149 thousand and $1.0 million, respectively, in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.

There were no mortgage loans held for sale 90 days or more past due as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Valuation Techniques
Debt Securities
Available for sale debt securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.  When available, the Corporation uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of debt securities; such items are classified as Level 1. There were no Level 1 debt securities held at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Level 2 debt securities are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments. The fair value of these securities is determined using matrix pricing with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.  This category includes obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, including mortgage-backed securities, individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities and corporate bonds.
Debt securities not actively traded whose fair value is determined through the use of cash flows utilizing inputs that are unobservable are classified as Level 3. There were no Level 3 debt securities held at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is estimated based on current market prices for similar loans in the secondary market and therefore are classified as Level 2 assets.

Collateral Dependent Individually Analyzed Loans
The fair value of collateral dependent individually analyzed loans is determined based upon the appraised fair value of the underlying collateral. Such collateral primarily consists of real estate and, to a lesser extent, other business assets. For collateral dependent loans that are expected to be repaid substantially through the sale of the collateral, management adjusts the fair value for estimated costs to sell. Management may also adjust appraised values to reflect estimated market value declines or apply other discounts to appraised values resulting from its knowledge of the collateral. Internal valuations may be utilized to determine the fair value of other business assets. Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans are categorized as Level 3.

Loan Servicing Rights
Loans sold with the retention of servicing result in the recognition of loan servicing rights. Loan servicing rights are included in other assets in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized as an offset to mortgage banking revenues over the estimated period of servicing. Loan servicing rights are evaluated quarterly for impairment based on their fair value. Impairment exists if the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Impairment is measured on an aggregated basis by stratifying the loan servicing rights based on homogeneous characteristics such as note rate and loan type. The fair value is estimated using an independent valuation model that estimates the present value of expected cash flows, incorporating assumptions for discount rates and prepayment rates. Any impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance and as a reduction to mortgage banking revenues. Loan servicing rights are categorized as Level 3.

Derivatives
Interest rate swaps, caps and floors are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available.  Fair value measurements are determined using independent valuation software, which considers the present value of future cash flows discounted using market observable inputs such as forward rate assumptions. The Corporation evaluates the credit risk of its counterparties, as well as that of the Corporation.  Accordingly, factors such as the likelihood of default by the Corporation and its counterparties, its net exposures and remaining contractual life are considered in determining if any fair value adjustments related to credit risk are required.  Counterparty exposure is evaluated by netting positions that are subject to master netting agreements, as well as considering the amount of collateral securing the position, if any. The Corporation has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivative positions fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, the credit valuation adjustments utilize Level 3 inputs. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Corporation has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Corporation has classified its derivative valuations in their entirety as Level 2.

Fair value measurements of forward loan commitments (interest rate lock commitments and forward sale commitments) are primarily based on current market prices for similar assets in the secondary market for mortgage loans and therefore are classified as Level 2 assets. The fair value of interest rate lock commitments is also dependent on the ultimate closing of the loans. Pull-through rates are based on the Corporation’s historical data and reflect the Corporation’s best estimate of the likelihood that a commitment will result in a closed loan. Although the pull-through rates are Level 3 inputs, the Corporation has assessed the significance of the impact of pull-through rates on the overall valuation of its interest rate lock commitments and has determined that they are not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, the Corporation has classified its interest rate lock commitments as Level 2.
Items Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis:
(Dollars in thousands)TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
June 30, 2021
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
$184,255 $— $184,255 $— 
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
845,036 — 845,036 — 
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities
11,066 — 11,066 — 
Corporate bonds
12,220 — 12,220 — 
Mortgage loans held for sale31,492 — 31,492 — 
Derivative assets52,122 — 52,122 — 
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis$1,136,191 $— $1,136,191 $— 
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities$51,871 $— $51,871 $— 
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis$51,871 $— $51,871 $— 

(Dollars in thousands)TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
December 31, 2020
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
$131,669 $— $131,669 $— 
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
740,305 — 740,305 — 
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities
12,669 — 12,669 — 
Corporate bonds
9,928 — 9,928 — 
Mortgage loans held for sale61,614 — 61,614 — 
Derivative assets83,028 — 83,028 — 
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis$1,039,213 $— $1,039,213 $— 
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities$81,123 $— $81,123 $— 
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis$81,123 $— $81,123 $— 
Items Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The following table presents the carrying value of assets held at June 30, 2021, which were written down to fair value during the six months ended June 30, 2021:
(Dollars in thousands)TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans$887 $— $— $887 
Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis$887 $— $— $887 
The following table presents the carrying value of assets held at December 31, 2020, which were written down to fair value during the year ended December 31, 2020:
(Dollars in thousands)TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans$1,720 $— $— $1,720 
Loan servicing rights7,434 — — 7,434 
Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis$9,154 $— $— $9,154 

The following tables present valuation techniques and unobservable inputs for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for which the Corporation has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:
(Dollars in thousands)Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputRange of Inputs Utilized
(Weighted Average)
June 30, 2021
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans$887 Appraisals of collateralDiscount for costs to sell
10%
Appraisal adjustments
0%

(Dollars in thousands)Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputRange of Inputs Utilized
(Weighted Average)
December 31, 2020
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans$1,720 Appraisals of collateralDiscount for costs to sell
0% - 25% (11%)
Appraisal adjustments
0% - 100% (15%)
Loan servicing rights
7,434 Discounted cash flowDiscount rates
10% - 14% (10%)
Prepayment rates
18% - 42% (21%)

Valuation of Financial Instruments
The estimated fair values and related carrying amounts for financial instruments for which fair value is only disclosed are presented below as of the periods indicated. The tables exclude financial instruments for which the carrying value approximates fair value such as cash and cash equivalents, FHLB stock, accrued interest receivable, bank-owned life insurance, non-maturity deposits and accrued interest payable.
(Dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2021Carrying AmountTotal
Fair Value
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial Assets:
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses on loans$4,257,921 $4,208,113 $— $— $4,208,113 
Financial Liabilities:
Time deposits$1,409,334 $1,413,017 $— $1,413,017 $— 
FHLB advances408,592 411,303 — 411,303 — 
Junior subordinated debentures22,681 20,116 — 20,116 — 
(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020Carrying AmountTotal
Fair Value
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial Assets:
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses on loans$4,151,884 $4,114,628 $— $— $4,114,628 
Financial Liabilities:
Time deposits$1,296,396 $1,302,128 $— $1,302,128 $— 
FHLB advances593,859 602,000 — 602,000 — 
Junior subordinated debentures22,681 19,422 — 19,422 —