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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

The Corporation uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments on certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Items recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include securities available for sale, mortgage loans held for sale and derivatives. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as collateral dependent individually analyzed / impaired loans, property acquired through foreclosure or repossession and mortgage servicing rights. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve the application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. In addition, GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the types of valuation information (“inputs”) are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Corporation’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:


•	Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.


•	Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.


•	Level 3 – Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable in the markets and which reflect the Corporation’s market assumptions.

Fair Value Option Election

GAAP allows for the irrevocable option to elect fair value accounting for the initial and subsequent measurement for certain financial assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. The Corporation has elected the fair value option for mortgage loans held for sale to better match changes in fair value of the loans with changes in the fair value of the forward sale commitment contracts used to economically hedge them.

The following table presents a summary of mortgage loans held for sale accounted for under the fair value option:

Changes in fair value of mortgage loans held for sale accounted for under the fair value option election amounted to an increase of $887 thousand in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to a decrease of $135 thousand in the three months ended March 31, 2019. These amounts were partially offset in earnings by the changes in fair value of forward sale commitments

used to economically hedge them. The changes in fair value are reported as a component of mortgage banking revenues in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.

There were no mortgage loans held for sale 90 days or more past due as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Valuation Techniques

Debt Securities

Available for sale debt securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. When available, the Corporation uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of debt securities; such items are classified as Level 1. There were no Level 1 debt securities held at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Level 2 debt securities are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments. The fair value of these securities is determined using matrix pricing with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category includes obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, including mortgage-backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities and corporate bonds.

Debt securities not actively traded whose fair value is determined through the use of cash flows utilizing inputs that are unobservable are classified as Level 3. There were no Level 3 debt securities held at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is estimated based on current market prices for similar loans in the secondary market and therefore are classified as Level 2 assets.

Collateral Dependent Individually Analyzed / Impaired Loans

The fair value of collateral dependent loans that are individually analyzed or were previously deemed impaired is determined based upon the appraised fair value of the underlying collateral. Such collateral primarily consists of real estate and, to a lesser extent, other business assets. For collateral dependent loans for which repayment is to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral, management adjusts the fair value for estimated costs to sell. For collateral dependent loans for which repayment is to be provided substantially through the operation of the collateral, such as accruing troubled debt restructured loans, estimated costs to sell are not incorporated into the measurement. Management may also adjust appraised values to reflect estimated market value declines or apply other discounts to appraised values resulting from its knowledge of the collateral. Internal valuations may be utilized to determine the fair value of other business assets. Collateral dependent individually analyzed / impaired loans are categorized as Level 3.

Property Acquired Through Foreclosure or Repossession

Property acquired through foreclosure or repossession included in other assets in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets is adjusted to fair value less costs to sell upon transfer out of loans through a charge to allowance for credit losses on loans. Subsequently, it is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Such subsequent valuation charges are charged through earnings. Fair value is generally based upon appraised values of the collateral. Management may adjust appraised values to reflect estimated market value declines or apply other discounts to appraised values for unobservable factors resulting from its knowledge of the property, and such property is categorized as Level 3.

Derivatives

Interest rate cap, swap and floor contracts are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available. Fair value measurements are determined using independent pricing models that utilize primarily market observable inputs, such as swap rates of different maturities and LIBOR rates. The Corporation also evaluates the credit risk of its counterparties, as well as that of the Corporation. Accordingly, factors such as the likelihood of default by the Corporation and its counterparties, its net exposures and remaining contractual life are considered in determining if any fair value adjustments related to credit risk are required. Counterparty exposure is evaluated by netting positions that are subject to master netting agreements, as well as considering the amount of collateral securing the position, if any. Although the Corporation has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its interest rate swap, cap and floor contracts fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with interest rate contracts and risk participation agreements utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Corporation and its counterparties. However, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Corporation has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments

are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Corporation has classified its derivative valuations in their entirety as Level 2.

Fair value measurements of forward loan commitments (interest rate lock commitments and forward sale commitments) are primarily based on current market prices for similar assets in the secondary market for mortgage loans and therefore are classified as Level 2 assets. The fair value of interest rate lock commitments is also dependent on the ultimate closing of the loans. Pull-through rates are based on the Corporation’s historical data and reflect the Corporation’s best estimate of the likelihood that a commitment will result in a closed loan. Although the pull-through rates are Level 3 inputs, the Corporation has assessed the significance of the impact of pull-through rates on the overall valuation of its interest rate lock commitments and has determined that they are not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, the Corporation has classified its interest rate lock commitments as Level 2.

Items Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis:



(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
March 31, 2020	Total				Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises		$133,501		$—		$133,501		$—
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	764,344		—		764,344		—
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities	11,096		—		11,096		—
Corporate bonds	8,451		—		8,451		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	49,751		—		49,751		—
Derivative assets	89,909		—		89,909		—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis		$1,057,052		$—		$1,057,052		$—
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities		$91,146		$—		$91,146		$—
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis		$91,146		$—		$91,146		$—



(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2019	Total				Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises		$157,648		$—		$157,648		$—
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	719,080		—		719,080		—
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities	12,579		—		12,579		—
Corporate bonds	10,183		—		10,183		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	27,833		—		27,833		—
Derivative assets	28,864		—		28,864		—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis		$956,187		$—		$956,187		$—
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities		$29,381		$—		$29,381		$—
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis		$29,381		$—		$29,381		$—

Items Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The following table presents the carrying value of assets held at March 31, 2020, which were written down to fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2020:



(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(Dollars in thousands)	Total				Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Collateral dependent individually analyzed CRE loan		$444		$—		$—		$444
Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis		$444		$—		$—		$444

The ACL on all collateral dependent individually analyzed loans amounted to $529 thousand at March 31, 2020.

The following table presents the carrying value of assets held at December 31, 2019, which were written down to fair value during the year ended December 31, 2019:



(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(Dollars in thousands)	Total				Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Collateral dependent impaired loans		$1,448		$—		$—		$1,448
Property acquired through foreclosure or repossession	1,109		—		—		1,109
Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis		$2,557		$—		$—		$2,557

The allowance for loan losses on all collateral dependent impaired loans amounted to $871 thousand at December 31, 2019.

The following tables present valuation techniques and unobservable inputs for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for which the Corporation has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:



(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs Utilized (Weighted Average)
March 31, 2020	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs Utilized (Weighted Average)
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans		$444	Appraisals of collateral	Discount for costs to sell	10% - 100% (42%)
				Appraisal adjustments (1)	0% - 23% (15%)


(1)	Management may adjust appraisal values to reflect market value declines or other discounts resulting from its knowledge of the property.



(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs Utilized (Weighted Average)
December 31, 2019	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs Utilized (Weighted Average)
Collateral dependent impaired loans		$1,448	Appraisals of collateral	Discount for costs to sell	0% - 20% (5%)
				Appraisal adjustments (1)	0% - 100% (67%)
Property acquired through foreclosure or repossession		$1,109	Appraisals of collateral	Discount for costs to sell	12%
				Appraisal adjustments (1)	22%


(1)	Management may adjust appraisal values to reflect market value declines or other discounts resulting from its knowledge of the property.

Valuation of Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values and related carrying amounts for financial instruments for which fair value is only disclosed are presented below as of the periods indicated. The tables exclude financial instruments for which the carrying value approximates fair value such as cash and cash equivalents, FHLB stock, accrued interest receivable, bank-owned life insurance, non-maturity deposits and accrued interest payable.



(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2020	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets:
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses on loans		$4,050,731		$4,013,945		$—		$—		$4,013,945

Financial Liabilities:
Time deposits		$1,208,978		$1,220,528		$—		$1,220,528		$—
FHLB advances	1,198,534		1,211,630		—		1,211,630		—
Junior subordinated debentures	22,681		17,714		—		17,714		—



(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2019	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets:
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses		$3,865,985		$3,869,192		$—		$—		$3,869,192

Financial Liabilities:
Time deposits		$1,069,323		$1,082,830		$—		$1,082,830		$—
FHLB advances	1,141,464		1,145,242		—		1,145,242		—
Junior subordinated debentures	22,681		19,628		—		19,628		—

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

(Dollars in thousands)

March 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

Aggregate fair value

Aggregate principal balance

Difference between fair value and principal balance