Derivative Financial Instruments (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2012

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives Policy

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally to manage the Corporation’s interest rate risk. Additionally, the Corporation enters into interest rate derivatives to accommodate the business requirements of its customers. All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and are measured at fair value.  The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative and resulting designation.

Forward Loan Commitments

Interest rate lock commitments are extended to borrowers that relate to the origination of readily marketable mortgage loans held for sale.  To mitigate the interest rate risk inherent in these rate locks, as well as closed mortgage loans held for sale, best efforts forward commitments are established to sell individual mortgage loans.  Both interest rate lock commitments and commitments to sell fixed-rate residential mortgage loans are derivative financial instruments. Effective July 1, 2011, Washington Trust elected to carry newly originated closed loans held for sale at fair value pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 825, "Financial Instruments" ("ASC 825"). Changes in fair value of the interest rate lock commitments, commitments to sell fixed-rate mortgage loans and loans held for sale are recognized in earnings.

Interest Rate Risk Management Agreements

Interest rate swaps are used from time to time as part of the Corporation’s interest rate risk management strategy.  Swaps are agreements in which the Corporation and another party agree to exchange interest payments (e.g., fixed-rate for variable-rate payments) computed on a notional principal amount.  The credit risk associated with swap transactions is the risk of default by the counterparty.  To minimize this risk, the Corporation enters into interest rate agreements only with highly rated counterparties that management believes to be creditworthy.  The notional amounts of these agreements do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, thus, are not a measure of the potential loss exposure.

As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Bancorp had three interest rate swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges to hedge the interest rate associated with $33 million of variable rate junior subordinated debentures.  The effective portion of the changes in fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges is recorded in other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified to earnings when gains or losses are realized.  The ineffective portion of changes in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings as interest expense.  The Bancorp has pledged collateral to derivative counterparties in the form of cash totaling $1.8 million and $1.9 million, respectively, at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.  The Bancorp may need to post additional collateral in the future in proportion to potential increases in unrealized loss positions.

The Bank has entered into interest rate swap contracts to help commercial loan borrowers manage their interest rate risk.  The interest rate swap contracts with commercial loan borrowers allow them to convert floating rate loan payments to fixed-rate loan payments.  When we enter into an interest rate swap contract with a commercial loan borrower, we simultaneously enter into a “mirror” swap contract with a third party.  The third party exchanges the client’s fixed-rate loan payments for floating rate loan payments.  We retain the risk that is associated with the potential failure of counterparties and inherent in making loans.  As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, Washington Trust had interest rate swap contracts with commercial loan borrowers with notional amounts of $61.0 million and $61.6 million, respectively, and equal amounts of “mirror” swap contracts with third-party financial institutions.  These derivatives are not designated as hedges and therefore, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.