2. Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries, and are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of less than three months are considered to be cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $16,204,000 of uninsured cash balances in excess of Federal Depository Insurance Company limits.

Risk Concentration

Risk Concentration

Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, are primarily cash and cash equivalents, investments and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalent deposits are at risk to the extent that they exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured amounts. To minimize risk, we place our investments in U.S. government obligations, corporate securities and money market funds. Substantially all of our cash, cash equivalents and investments are maintained with two major U.S. financial institutions. We do not believe that we are subject to any unusual financial risk with our banking arrangements. We have not experienced any significant losses on our cash and cash equivalents.

We sell our products to customers primarily in the United States. In the future, we may sale our products internationally. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates and adverse economic developments in foreign countries could adversely affect the Company’s operating results. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and generally require no collateral. We maintain reserves for potential credit losses, and such losses, in the aggregate, have historically been minimal.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount we expect to collect. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Management considers the following factors when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, adversely affecting their ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required. Based on management’s assessment, we provide for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and an increase to a valuation allowance. Balances that remain outstanding after we have used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance. There was no allowance at December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Equipment and furniture and fixtures are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Such lives vary from 1 to 5 years. Leasehold improvements are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining terms of the leases. Such lives vary from 2 to 5 years. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization expense totaled approximately $231,000 and $184,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Advertising Expenses

Advertising Expenses

The cost of advertising is expensed as incurred or deferred until first use of advertising and expensed ratably over the applicable periods. Advertising expense was $1.3 million and $10,000 for 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in 2020 was primarily due to the Company’s establishing a Marketing department and allocating a dedicated budget for marketing, advertising, promotion, and public relations.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the asset. If the carrying value exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows, the assets are written down to fair value. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, there was no impairment of long-lived assets.

Foreign Currency

Foreign Currency

All assets and liabilities in the balance sheets of foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar are translated at year-end exchange rates. All revenues and expenses in the statement of operations of these foreign subsidiaries are translated at average exchange rates for the year. Translation gains and losses are not included in determining net income but are shown in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the stockholders’ deficit section of the consolidated balance sheet. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in determining net loss and were not significant.

Accounting for Stock Options

Accounting for Stock Options

We account for stock options using the guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) Topic 718. FASB ASC Topic 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the financial statements based on their fair values.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statements of operations for the years ended 2020 and 2019 is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, reduced by estimated forfeitures. FASB ASC Topic 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Valuation Assumptions

Valuation Assumptions

The fair values of option awards were estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions for fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively:

	2020		2019
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	3.50	$	3.69
Weighted average assumptions used:
Expected dividend yield		0.00%		0.00%
Risk-free interest rate		0.41%		2.00%
Expected volatility		75.70%		124.58%
Expected life (in years)		5.93		5.00

Expected volatility is based on historical volatility and in part on implied volatility. The expected term considers the contractual term of the option as well as historical exercise and forfeiture behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rates in effect on the grant date for U.S. Treasury instruments with maturities matching the relevant expected term of the award.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

We report two separate net income (loss) per share numbers, basic and diluted. Basic net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders for the year by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. Diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders for the year by the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the year. Our common stock equivalents include all common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible preferred stock and the exercise of outstanding options. Common stock equivalents are included in the diluted income (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 except in cases where the issuance would be anti-dilutive. The aggregate number of common stock equivalents excluded from the diluted income (loss) per share calculation for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 totaled 976,284 and 30,630 respectively.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

We generally recognize product revenue upon shipment or after meeting certain performance obligations. These products can include hardware, perpetual software licenses and data sets. Data set updates are the majority of our sales. We do not currently offer software on a subscription basis. Warranty costs and sales returns have not been material.

We recognize sales of our data sets in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 606 whereby revenue from contracts with customers is not recognized until all five of the following have been met:

i) identify the contract with a customer;

ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract;

iii) determine the transaction price;

iv) allocate the transaction price to the separate performance obligations; and

v) recognize revenue upon satisfaction of a performance obligation.

Data updates are typically done monthly and revenue will be matched accordingly. Product sales may include maintenance and customer support allocated revenue in an arrangement using estimated selling prices of the delivered goods and services based on a selling price hierarchy using the relative selling price method. All of our product offering and service offering market values are readily determined based on current and prior stand-alone sales. We may defer and recognize maintenance, updates and support revenue over the term of the contract period, which is generally one year.

Service revenue, primarily including maintenance, training and installation are recognized upon delivery of the service and typically are unrelated to product sales. To date, training and installation revenue has not been material. These revenues are included in net customer support and maintenance revenues in the statement of operations.

Our normal payment terms offered to customers, distributors and resellers are net 30 days domestically and net 45 days internationally. We do not offer payment terms that extend beyond one year and rarely do we extend payment terms beyond our normal terms. If certain customers do not meet our credit standards, we do require payment in advance to limit our credit exposure.

Shipping and handling costs are billed to the customer and included in product revenue. Shipping and handling expenses are included in cost of product revenue. We have elected to account for shipping and handling costs as fulfillment costs after the customer obtains control of the goods.

Research and Development Costs

Research and Development Costs

We incur research and development costs that relate primarily to the development of new security software, appliances and integrated solutions, and major enhancements to existing services and products. Research and development costs are comprised primarily of salaries and related benefits expenses, contract labor and prototype and other related expenses.

Software development costs are included in research and development and are expensed as incurred. FASB ASC Topic 985 Software requires that software development costs incurred subsequent to reaching technological feasibility be capitalized, if material. If the process of developing a new product or major enhancement does not include a detailed program design, technological feasibility is determined only after completion of a working model. To date, the period between achieving technological feasibility and the general availability of such software has been short, and the software development costs qualifying for capitalization have been insignificant.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for doubtful accounts, sales discounts, sales returns, revenue recognition, warranty costs, inventory obsolescence, depreciation, income taxes and stock based compensation. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We calculate the fair value of our assets and liabilities which qualify as financial instruments and include additional information in the notes to consolidated financial statements when the fair value is different than the carrying value of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and dividends payable approximate their carrying amounts due to the relatively short maturity of these instruments. Financing leases and PPP loan approximate fair value as they bear market rates of interest. None of these instruments are held for trading purposes.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are determined using the liability method in accordance with FASB ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In addition, a valuation allowance is established to reduce any deferred tax asset for which it is determined that it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

FASB ASC 740 creates a single model to address accounting for uncertainty in tax positions by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. FASB ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. There are no unrecognized tax benefits to disclose in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

We file income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction. At December 31, 2020, tax returns related to fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2019 remain open to possible examination by the tax authorities. No tax returns are currently under examination by any tax authorities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On January 1, 2019 we adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (topic 842). At the date of adoption there was no impact on the statement of operations, while the balance sheet reflects recording both assets and liabilities applicable to the operating right-of-use asset lease identified. ASU No. 2016-02 did not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019.