10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One) 

☒  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024

 OR 

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from ----- to -----

Commission file number 001-38669

LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		83-1269307 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
225 Bush Street, Seventeenth Floor San Francisco, CA (Address of Principal Executive Offices)		94104 (Zip Code)
(888) 987-6764 (Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.10 Par Value	RAMP	New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
	Yes [X]	No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
	Yes [ ]	No [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
	Yes [X]	No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
	Yes [X]	No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer [X]	Accelerated filer   [ ]
Non-accelerated filer [ ]	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. [☒]
If securities are registered pursuant Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
	Yes  ☐	No  [☒]

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.10 par value per share, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter as reported on the New York Stock Exchange was approximately $1,293,050,600. (For purposes of determination of the above stated amount only, all directors, executive officers and 10% or more shareholders of the registrant are presumed to be affiliates.) 

The number of shares of common stock, $0.10 par value per share, outstanding as of May 17, 2024 was 66,153,860.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (“2024 Proxy Statement”) of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (“LiveRamp,” the “Company,” “we”, “us”, or “our”) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page No.
Documents Incorporated by Reference		2
Part I
Availability of SEC Filings and Corporate Governance Information; Cautionary Statements		4
Item 1.	Business	7
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	20
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	32
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity	32
Item 2.	Properties	33
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	34
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	34
Part II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	35
Item 6.	[Reserved]	37
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	37
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	38
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	38
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	38
Item 9B.	Other Information	39
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	39
	Part III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	40
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	40
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	41
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	42
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	42
	Part IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	46
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	43
	Signatures	44
	Index to Financial Supplement to Annual Report	F-1

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PART I

AVAILABILITY OF SEC FILINGS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE INFORMATION

Our website address is www.liveramp.com, where copies of documents that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) may be obtained free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after being filed electronically. Included among those documents are our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). Copies may also be obtained through the SEC’s EDGAR site at the website address http://www.sec.gov, or by sending a written request for copies to LiveRamp Investor Relations, 225 Bush Street, Seventeenth Floor, San Francisco, California 94104. Copies of all our SEC filings were available on our website during the past fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, at the “Corporate Governance” section included in the investor relations section of our website, we have posted copies of our Corporate Governance Principles, the charters for the Audit/Finance, Talent and Compensation, Executive, and Governance/Nominating Committees of the Board of Directors, the codes of ethics applicable to directors, financial personnel and all employees, and other information relating to the governance of the Company. Although referenced herein, information contained on or connected to our corporate website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered part of this report or any other filing we make with the SEC.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS RELEVANT TO FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including, without limitation, the items set forth beginning on page F-2 in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains and may incorporate by reference certain statements that may be deemed to be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended (the “PSLRA”), and that are intended to enjoy the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the PSLRA. These statements, which are not statements of historical fact, may contain estimates, assumptions, projections and/or expectations regarding the Company’s financial position, results of operations, market position, product development, growth opportunities, economic conditions, and other similar forecasts and statements of expectation. Forward-looking statements are often identified by words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “foresee,” or the negative of these terms or other similar variations thereof. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties that could cause the Company’s actual results and experiences to differ materially from the anticipated results and expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements may include but are not limited to the following:

•management’s expectations about the macro economy and trends within the consumer or business information industries, including the use of data and consumer expectations related thereto;

•statements regarding our competitive position within our industry and our differentiation strategies;

•our expectations regarding laws, regulations and industry practices governing the collection and use of personal data;

•our expectations regarding the potential impact of public health crises, similar to the COVID-19 pandemic, on our business, operations, and the markets in which we and our partners and customers operate;

•our expectations regarding the impact of tax-related legislation on our tax position;

•our estimates, assumptions, projections and/or expectations regarding the Company's annualized future cost savings and expenses associated with our global workforce strategy and real estate footprint reduction;

•statements regarding our liquidity needs or containing a projection of revenues, operating income (loss), income (loss), earnings (loss) per share, capital expenditures, research and development spending, dividends, capital structure, or other financial items;

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•statements of the plans and objectives of management for future operations, including, but not limited to, those statements contained under the heading “Growth Strategy” in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K;

•statements of future performance, including, but not limited to, those statements contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K;

•statements regarding future stock-based compensation expense;

•statements regarding the integration and expected benefits from the acquisition of Habu, Inc. ("Habu");

•statements containing any assumptions underlying or relating to any of the above statements; and

•statements containing a projection or estimate.

Among the factors that may cause actual results and expectations to differ from anticipated results and expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements are the following:

•the risk factors described in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the SEC;

•the possibility that, in the event a change of control of the Company is sought, certain customers may attempt to invoke provisions in their contracts allowing for termination upon a change in control, which may result in a decline in revenue and profit;

•the possibility that we will fail to fully realize the potential benefits of acquired businesses (including Habu) or the integration of such acquired businesses may not be as successful as planned;

•the possibility that the fair value of certain of our assets may not be equal to the carrying value of those assets now or in future time periods;

•the possibility that sales cycles may lengthen;

•the possibility that we will not be able to properly motivate our sales force or other employees;

•the possibility that we may not be able to attract and retain qualified technical and leadership employees, or that we may lose key employees to other organizations;

•the possibility that our global workforce strategy could encounter difficulty and not be as beneficial as planned;

•the possibility that we may not be able to sublease our exited office spaces on favorable terms and rates;

•the possibility that competent, competitive products, technologies or services will be introduced into the marketplace by other companies;

•the possibility that we will fail to keep up with rapidly changing technology practices in our products and services or that expected benefits from utilization of technological innovations may not be realized as soon as expected or at all;

•the possibility that there will be changes in consumer or business information industries and markets that negatively impact the Company;

•the possibility that we will not be able to protect proprietary information and technology or to obtain necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms;

•the possibility that there will be continued changes in the judicial, legislative, regulatory, accounting, cultural and consumer environments affecting our business, including but not limited to litigation, investigations, legislation, regulations and customs at the state, federal and international levels impairing our and our customers' ability to collect, process, manage, aggregate, store and/or use data of the type necessary for our business;

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•the possibility that data suppliers might withdraw data from us, leading to our inability to provide certain products and services, in particular that there might be restrictive legislation in the U.S. and other countries that restrict the availability of data;

•the possibility that data purchasers will reduce their reliance on us by developing and using their own, or alternative, sources of data generally or with respect to certain data elements or categories;

•the possibility that we may enter into short-term contracts that would affect the predictability of our revenues;

•the possibility that the amount of volume-based and other transactional-based work will not be as expected;

•the possibility that we may experience a loss of data center capacity or capability or interruption of telecommunication links or power sources;

•the possibility that we may experience failures or breaches of our network and data security systems, leading to potential adverse publicity, negative customer reaction, or liability to third parties;

•the possibility that our customers may cancel or modify their agreements with us, or may not make timely or complete payments;

•the possibility that we will not successfully meet customer contract requirements or the service levels specified in the contracts, which may result in contract penalties or lost revenue;

•the possibility that we experience processing errors that result in credits to customers, re-performance of services or payment of damages to customers;

•the possibility that our performance may decline and we lose advertisers and revenue as the use of "third-party cookies" or other tracking technology continues to be pressured by Internet users, restricted or otherwise subject to unfavorable regulation, blocked or limited by technical changes on end users' devices, or our customers' ability to use data on our platform is otherwise restricted;

•general and global negative conditions, risk of recession, high interest rates, the military conflicts in Europe and the Middle East, capital markets volatility, bank failures, government shutdowns, cost increases and general inflationary pressure and other related causes; and

•our tax rate and other effects of the changes to U.S. federal tax law.

With respect to the provision of products or services outside our primary base of operations in the United States, all of the above factors apply, along with the difficulty of doing business in numerous sovereign jurisdictions due to differences in scale, competition, culture, laws and regulations.

Other factors are detailed from time to time in periodic reports and registration statements filed with the SEC. The Company believes that it has the product and technology offerings, facilities, employees and competitive and financial resources for continued business success, but future revenues, costs, margins and profits are all influenced by a number of factors, including those discussed above, all of which are inherently difficult to forecast.

In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the Company cautions readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements and such risks, uncertainties and assumptions speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the Company expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto, or any other change based on the occurrence of future events, the receipt of new information or otherwise, except to the extent otherwise required by law.

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Item 1.  Business

LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. ("LiveRamp", "we", "us", or the "Company") is a global technology company that helps companies build enduring brand and business value by collaborating responsibly with data. A groundbreaking leader in consumer privacy, data ethics and foundational identity, LiveRamp offers a connected customer view with clarity and context while protecting brand and consumer trust. Our best-in-class enterprise platform enables data collaboration, where companies can share first-party consumer data with trusted business partners securely and in a privacy conscious manner. We offer flexibility to collaborate wherever data lives to support a wide range of data collaboration use cases—within organizations, between brands, and across our global network of premier partners. Global innovators, from iconic consumer brands and tech platforms to retailers, financial services, and healthcare leaders, turn to LiveRamp to deepen customer engagement and loyalty, activate new partnerships, and maximize the value of their first-party data while staying on the forefront of rapidly evolving compliance and privacy requirements.

LiveRamp is a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “RAMP.” We serve a global customer base from locations in the United States, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) region. Our direct customer list includes many of the world’s best-known and most innovative brands across most major industry verticals, including but not limited to financial, insurance and investment services, retail, automotive, telecommunications, high tech, consumer packaged goods, healthcare, travel, entertainment and non-profit. Through our expansive partner ecosystem we serve thousands of additional companies, unlocking access to unique customer moments and creating powerful network effects.

Industry

We are experiencing a convergence of several key industry trends that are shaping the future of how data is used to power the customer experience economy. Some of these key industry trends include:

Marketing and Customer Experience in the Data-Driven Era

As the world becomes more multichannel, consumer behavior is rapidly shifting, and organizations are increasingly realizing that true competitive advantage lies in providing meaningful customer experiences – experiences that are personalized, relevant and cohesive across all channels and interactions. Experience is the key to brand differentiation and customer retention. Companies that fail to prioritize customer experience as a strategic growth initiative will simply get left behind. Companies are also increasingly realizing that best-in-class customer experiences require enhanced insights that can only be achieved through a structured data collaboration effort that combines first- and second-party data.

At the same time, consumer expectations are also at an all-time high. Consumers are demanding personalization from brands and, in this new area, every consumer interaction has the potential to be individually relevant, addressable, and measurable.

Data is at the center of exceptional customer experiences but is still vastly underutilized. Organizations must capture, analyze, understand – and, most importantly use – customer data to power the customer experience. By understanding which devices, email addresses, and postal addresses relate to the same individual, enterprise marketers can leverage that insight to deliver seamless experiences as consumers engage with a company across all touchpoints. At the same time, by reaching consumers at the individual level, organizations can reduce marketing waste and more easily attribute their marketing spend to actual results. Enterprise marketers recognize the huge opportunity big data brings, yet many admit they are not using their data effectively to drive their customer experience.

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Growing Data Usage

Advances in software, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, and the consumer's growing use of Internet connected devices and applications have made it possible to collect and rapidly process massive amounts of customer data. Data vendors and direct-to-consumer platforms are able to collect user information across a wide range of offline and online properties and connected devices, and to aggregate and combine it with other data sources. With proper permissions, this data can be integrated with a company's own proprietary data and can be made non-identifiable if the use case requires it. Through the use of data, marketers and publishers can more effectively acquire customers, elevate their lifetime value, and enhance the customer experience.

Growing Data Collaboration to Enable Commerce Media

The advertising market is being transformed by commerce media, a new form of advertising that closes the loop between media impressions and sales transactions. Commerce media provides brand advertisers with enhanced audience insights that drive more effective and efficient advertising and provides consumers with a more relevant experience. The foundation for commerce media is data collaboration where companies share first-party consumer data with trusted business partners in a manner that is safe, secure and adheres to privacy regulations. Retail media was the first to scale, spurred by e-commerce, but other sectors are embracing the commerce media opportunity, including travel & hospitality, telecommunications, finance, automotive and healthcare. Other examples of data collaboration use cases include enterprise companies connecting consumer data across functional groups or properties, cross-screen media measurement and analysis, and closed loop attribution from connecting marketing exposures to actual sales.

Growing Complexity of the Customer Journey

The customer experience economy has evolved significantly in recent years, driven by rapid innovation and an explosion of data, marketing channels, devices, and applications. Historically, brands interacted with consumers through a limited number of marketing channels, with limited visibility into the activities taking place. Today, companies interact with consumers across a growing number of touchpoints, including online, social, mobile and point-of-sale. The billions of interactions that take place each day between brands and consumers create a trove of valuable data that can be harnessed to power better customer interactions and experiences. However, most enterprise marketers remain unable to navigate through the complexity to effectively leverage this data.

Additionally, innovation has fueled the growth of a highly-fragmented technology landscape, forcing companies to contend with thousands of marketing technologies and data silos. To make every customer experience relevant across channels and devices, organizations need a trusted platform that can break down those silos, make data portable, and accurately recognize individuals throughout the customer journey. Marketing is becoming more audience-centric, automated, and optimized. However, several important factors still prevent data from being used effectively to optimize the customer experience:

•Identity. For organizations to target audiences at the individual level, they must be able to recognize consumers across all channels and devices, and link multiple identifiers and data elements to create a single view of the customer. The evolving regulations around consumer data privacy highlight the importance of authenticated, first-party identity.

•Scaled Data Assets. Quality, depth, and recency of data matter when deriving linkages between identifiers. Organizations must have access to an extensive set of data and be able to match that data with a high degree of accuracy to perform true cross-device audience addressability and measurement.

•Connectivity. The fragmented marketing landscape creates a need for a common network of integrations that make it easy and safe to connect and activate data anywhere in the ecosystem.

•Data Control. Organizations are increasingly looking to collaborate with their most important partners but do not want to give up control of their data or, in certain cases, do not want their data to leave their environment.

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•Walled Gardens. Walled gardens, or marketing platforms that strictly control the use of data outside of their walls, are becoming more pervasive and can result in diminished control and transparency for brand advertisers. For customers, it can result in a disjointed user experience. Organizations need a solution that enables an open ecosystem and ensures complete control over customer data, along with the flexibility to choose a diversified approach to meeting marketing goals.

•Data Governance. Preserving brand integrity while delivering positive customer experiences is a top priority for every company. Organizations must be able to manage large sets of complex data ethically, securely, within legal boundaries, and in a way that protects consumers from harm. Importantly, they must also honor consumer preferences and put procedures in place that enable individuals to control how, when and for what reasons companies collect and use information about them.

Increasing Fragmentation of Consumer Identity

Today, customer journeys span multiple channels and devices over time, resulting in data silos and fragmented identities. As consumers engage with brands across various touchpoints – over the web, mobile devices and applications, by email and television, and in physical stores – they may not be represented as single unique individuals with complex behaviors, appearing instead as disparate data points with dozens of different identifiers. Becky Smith who lives at 123 Main Street may appear as beckys@acme.com when she uses Facebook, becky@yahoo.com when she signs into Yahoo Finance, becky.smith@gmail.com when she conducts a Google search, cookie ABC when she browses cnn.com, device ID 234 on Hulu and so on. As a result, enterprise marketers struggle to understand the cross-channel, cross-device habits of consumers and the different steps they take on their path to conversion. More specifically, data silos and fragmented identities prevent companies from being able to resolve all relevant data to a specific individual; this poses a challenge to the formation of accurate, actionable insights about a brand’s consumers or campaigns.

Marketing Waste from Inaccurate Consumer Identification

Every day, brands spend billions of dollars on advertising and marketing, yet many of the messages they deliver are irrelevant, repetitive, mistimed, or simply reach the wrong audience. In addition, as the marketing landscape continues to grow and splinter across a growing array of online and offline channels, it is increasingly difficult to attribute marketing spend to a measurable outcome, such as an in-store visit or sale. Wasted marketing spend is largely driven by the fragmented ecosystem of brands, data providers, marketing applications, media providers, and agencies that are involved in the marketing process, but operate without cohesion. Without a common understanding of consumer identity to unify otherwise siloed data, brands are unable to define accurate audience segments and derive insights that would enable better decision making.

Heightened Privacy and Security Concerns

In the era of regulations such as the European General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") and the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"), diligence in the areas of consumer privacy and security is and will continue to be paramount. Every year there are new consumer data privacy regulations being introduced. For example, new comprehensive privacy legislation, similar to the CCPA, has taken, or will take, effect in at least sixteen states on or by January 1, 2026. Additional new category-specific legislation, such as the My Health, My Data Act passed in Washington State in April 2023, will also take effect in the next year or two. Consumers' understanding of the benefits of marketing technology often lags the pace of innovation, giving rise to new demands from government agencies and consumer advocacy groups across the world. These factors challenge the liability every company faces when managing and activating consumer data.

Our Approach

Leveraging our groundbreaking leadership in consumer privacy, data ethics, foundational identity and connectivity, we help our customers build enduring brand and business value by unlocking siloed and fragmented consumer data and enabling responsible data collaboration.

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We are middleware for the customer experience economy. LiveRamp provides the trusted platform that sits in between customer data and the thousands of applications powered by data. We make data consistent, consumable and portable. We ensure the seamless connection of data to and from the customer experience applications our customers use and the partners with which they collaborate. We empower businesses to make data more accessible and create richer, more meaningful experiences for their customers.

/LiveRamp Data Collaboration Platform

As depicted in the graphic below, we power the industry’s leading enterprise platform for data collaboration. We enable organizations to access and leverage data more effectively across the applications they use to interact with their customers. At the core of our platform is an omnichannel, deterministic identity resolution technology that offers unparalleled accuracy, breadth, and depth. Leveraging deep expertise in data collaboration, the /LiveRamp Data Collaboration Platform enables an organization to unify customer and prospect data (first-, second-, or third-party) to build a single view of the customer in a way that protects consumer privacy. First-party data is data collected firsthand through a company's controlled channels. Second-party data is data that a company shares directly with a trusted business partner. Third-party data is data collected and sold by a company through an online data marketplace to companies with which it does not have a direct relationship. This single customer view can then be connected across any of the 500 partners in our ecosystem in order to support a variety of people-based marketing solutions.

The /LiveRamp Data Collaboration Platform provides customers with four core capabilities:

•Live/Identity. We provide enterprise identity infrastructure that resolves disparate consumer identities across different internal and external systems to create an accurate, connected view of the customer. Our approach to identity is built from two complementary graphs, combining offline data and online data and providing accuracy with a focus on privacy. LiveRamp technology for directly identifiable information (or "DII") gives brands and platforms the ability to connect and update what they know about consumers, resolving DII across enterprise databases and systems to deliver better customer experiences. Our digital identity graph, powered by our Authenticated Traffic Solution (or "ATS"), associates pseudonymous device IDs, TV IDs and other online customer IDs from premium publishers, platforms or data providers, around a RampIDTM, a durable and privacy-centric connector to the digital ecosystem. This provides marketers with a consistent view of the consumer that is necessary for personalized segmentation, targeting, and measurement. There are currently more than 165 supply-side platforms and demand-side platforms live or committed to bid on RampID and ATS. In addition, to date more than 21,000 publisher domains and 75% of the comScore 100 publishers have integrated ATS worldwide.

•Live/Access. Our Data Marketplace provides customers with simplified access to industry-leading third-party data providers globally. The /LiveRamp Data Collaboration Platform allows for the search, discovery and distribution of data provided by third-party data providers to improve targeting, measurement, and customer intelligence. Data accessed through the LiveRamp Data Marketplace is connected via RampID and is utilized to enrich our customers’ first-party data and can be leveraged across technology and media platforms, agencies, analytics environments, and TV partners. Our platform also provides tools for data providers to manage the organization, distribution, and operation of their data and services across our network of customers and partners. Today we work with more than 200 data providers across all verticals and data types (see below for discussion on Marketplace and Other).

•Live/Connectivity. We enable organizations to leverage their customer and prospect data in the digital and TV ecosystems and across the customer experience applications they use through a safe and secure data matching process called data onboarding. Our technology ingests a customer’s first-party data, removes all DII, and replaces it with a pseudonymized RampID. RampID can then be distributed through direct integrations to the top platforms our customers work with, including leading marketing cloud providers, publishers and social networks, personalization tools, and connected TV services. We connect data across an ecosystem of more than 500 partners, representing one of the largest networks of connections in the digital marketplace.

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•Live/Insights. Data Collaboration enables advanced measurement and analytics that helps produce insight-driven innovation. We enable trusted data collaboration between organizations and their trusted partners in a neutral, manageable environment. Our platform provides customers with collaborative opportunities to safely and securely build a more accurate, dynamic view of their customers by leveraging partner data. We power more accurate, more complete measurement with the measurement vendors and partners our customers use. Our platform allows customers to combine disparate data files, typically advertising exposure and customer sales transactions, replacing customer identifiers with RampID. Customers then can use that aggregated view of each customer to measure reach and frequency, sales lift, closed loop offline-to-online conversion and cross-channel attribution.

Subscription

We primarily charge for our platform services on an annual basis. Our subscription pricing is based primarily on data volume, which is a function of data input records and connection points.

Our solutions are sold to enterprise marketers and the companies they partner with to execute their marketing, including agencies, marketing technology providers, publishers and data providers. Today, we work with 900 direct customers world-wide, including approximately 25% of the Fortune 500, and serve thousands of additional customers indirectly through our reseller partnership arrangements.

•Brands and Agencies. We work with over 500 of the largest brands and agencies in the world, helping them execute people-based marketing by creating an omni-channel understanding of the consumer and activating that understanding across their choice of best-of-breed digital marketing platforms.

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•Marketing Technology Providers. We provide marketing technology providers with the identity foundation required to offer people-based targeting, measurement and personalization within their platforms. This adds value for brands by increasing reach, as well as the speed at which they can activate their marketing data.

•Publishers. We enable publishers of any size to offer people-based marketing on their properties. This adds value for brands by providing direct access to their customers and prospects in the publisher's premium inventory.

•Data Sellers. Leveraging our vast network of integrations, we enable data sellers to easily connect to the digital ecosystem and monetize their own data. Data can be distributed to customers or made available through the Data Marketplace. This adds value for brands as it allows them to augment their understanding of consumers and increase both their reach against and understanding of customers and prospects.

Marketplace and Other

As we have scaled the LiveRamp network and technology, we have found additional ways to leverage our platform, deliver more value to customers and create incremental revenue streams. Leveraging our common identity system and broad integration network, the Data Marketplace seamlessly connects data sellers’ audience data across the marketing ecosystem. The Data Marketplace enables data sellers to easily monetize their data across hundreds of marketing platforms and publishers. At the same time, it provides a single platform where data buyers, including platforms and publishers, in addition to brands and their agencies, access third-party data from more than 200 data providers, supporting all industries and encompassing all types of data. Data providers include sources and brands exclusive to LiveRamp, emerging platforms with access to previously unavailable deterministic data, and data partnerships enabled by our platform.

We generate revenue from the Data Marketplace primarily through revenue-sharing arrangements with data sellers that are monetizing their data assets via our marketplace platform service. We also generate Marketplace and Other revenue through transactional usage-based arrangements with certain publishers and addressable TV providers. Data Marketplace revenue is recognized net of the share of revenue earned by the data seller.

To complement our product offering, we provide professional services and enhanced support entitlements to help customers leverage our platform and drive business outcomes. Our services offering includes product implementation, data science analytics, audience measurement and general advisory. We generate revenue from services primarily from project fees paid by subscribers to our software platform. Service projects are sold on an ad hoc basis as well as bundled with platform subscriptions. Professional services revenue is approximately 3% of total Company revenue.

Competitive Strengths

Our competitive strengths can be mapped back to our core capabilities around data access, identity, connectivity and data stewardship – which together create strong network effects that form a larger strategic moat around the entire business.

•Premier Global Ecosystem. We offer an expansive, data-rich network of top-quality partners for incomparable scale and reach. We activate data across an ecosystem of more than 500 partners, representing one of the largest networks of connections in the digital marketing space. We use 100% deterministic matching, resulting in a strong combination of reach and accuracy. Additionally, through our Data Marketplace, we provide simplified access to more than 700,000 consumer data segments from the world's top data providers.

•Most Advanced Consumer-Level Recognition. Our proprietary, patented recognition technology draws upon an extensive historical reference base to identify and link together multiple consumer records and identifiers. We use the pioneering algorithms of AbiliTec® and deterministic digital matching to link individuals and households to the right digital identifiers including cookies, mobile device IDs, Advanced TV IDs, and user accounts at social networks. As a result, we are able to match online and offline data with a high degree of speed and accuracy.

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•Groundbreaking Leadership in Privacy and Security. LiveRamp is a standard bearer in consumer privacy and data stewardship. We have been a strong and vocal proponent of providing consumers with more visibility and control over their data. A few examples of our commitment in this area:

◦In all of our major geographies we have privacy teams focused on the protection and responsible use of consumer data;

◦We provide a privacy-enabled environment that allows marketers and partners to connect different types of data while protecting and governing its use; and

◦We have industry-leading expertise in connecting data across the online and offline worlds.

•Scale Leader in Data Connectivity. We are a category creator and one of the largest providers of data connectivity at scale. We match records with a high level of accuracy and offer the flexibility for activating data through our extensive set of integrations. Our platform processes more than 4 trillion data records daily.

•Flexible Collaboration. We have flexibility to collaborate wherever data lives, enabling the widest possible range of data collaboration use cases. We bring our technology to the customer’s data environment and can collaborate with cloud providers or across clouds. We offer broad configurability, controls and permissioning to meet varying customer requirements. Our platform is extensible and scalable to meet growing collaboration usage.

•Uniquely Neutral in the Marketing Ecosystem. We are one of the only open and neutral data connectivity platforms operating at large scale. We provide the data connectivity required to build best-of-breed integrated marketing stacks, allowing our customers to innovate through their preferred choice of data, technology, and services providers. We strive to make every customer experience application more valuable. We enable the open marketing stack and power the open ecosystem.

•Strong Customer Relationships. We work with 900 direct customers world-wide and serve thousands of additional customers indirectly through our partner and reseller network. We have deep relationships with companies and marketing leaders in key industries, including financial services, retail, telecommunications, media, insurance, health care, automotive, technology, and travel and entertainment. Our customers are loyal and typically grow their use of the platform over time, as evidenced by our growth in the number of customers whose subscription contracts exceed $1 million in annual revenue.

Growth Strategy

LiveRamp is a category creator, thought leader and innovator in how data is used to power the customer experience. Key elements of our growth strategy include:

•Grow our Customer Base. We have strong relationships with many of the world’s largest brands, agencies, marketing technology providers, publishers and data providers. Today, we work with 900 direct customers globally; however, we believe our target market includes the world’s top 2,000 marketers, signaling there is still significant opportunity to add new customers to our roster. We expect to continue making investments in growing our sales and customer success team to support this strategy.

•Expand Existing Customer Relationships. A key growth lever for our business is the ability to land and expand – or grow existing customer relationships. Our subscription pricing is based on data volume, so over time, as customers expand their usage and leverage their data across more use cases, we are able to grow our relationships. As of March 31, 2024, we worked with 115 customers whose subscription contracts exceed $1 million in annual revenue, and as we continue to expand our coverage beyond programmatic, we expect to see this number grow.

•Expand Sales Channel Partnerships. A growth opportunity for our business is forging sales partnerships and product integrations with adjacent technology platforms and service providers. We are actively expanding our channel sales efforts with customer data platforms, public cloud providers, cloud data warehouses, marketing clouds, and global systems integrators.

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•Continue to Innovate and Extend Leadership Position in Identity. We intend to establish LiveRamp as the standard for consumer-level recognition across the marketing ecosystem, providing a single source of user identity for audience measurement and personalization.

•Establish LiveRamp as the Trusted, Best and Essential Industry Standard for Data Collaboration. We intend to continue to make substantial investments in our platform and solutions and extend our market leadership through innovation. Our investments will focus on automation, speed, higher match rates, expanded partner integrations and use cases, and new product development.

•Expand Global Footprint. Many of our customers and partners serve their customers on a global basis, and we intend to expand our presence outside of the United States to serve the needs of our customers in additional geographies. As we expand relationships with our existing customers, we are investing in select regions in Europe and APAC.

•Expand Addressable Market. Historically, our focus has been to enable data-driven advertising for paid media. As customers look to deploy data across additional use cases, we intend to power all customer experience use cases and expand our role inside the enterprise. Call centers, email and messaging campaigns, and supply chain management are examples of this strategy. In addition, over time, we intend to pursue adjacent markets beyond marketing, like risk and fraud, healthcare and government, where similar identity and data connectivity challenges exist.

•Build an Exceptional Business. We do not aspire to be mediocre, good, or even great – we intend to be the absolute best in everything we do. We attract and employ exceptional people, challenge them to accomplish exceptional things, and achieve exceptional results for our customers and shareholders. We do this through six guiding principles: 1) Above all, we do what is right; 2) We love our customers; 3) We say what we mean and do what we say; 4) We empower people; 5) We respect people and time; and 6) We get stuff done.

Privacy Considerations

The growing online advertising and e-commerce industries are converging, with consumers expecting a seamless experience across all channels, in real time. This challenges marketing organizations to balance the deluge of data and demands of the consumer with responsible methods of managing data internally and with advertising technology intermediaries. 

We have policies and operational practices governing our use of data that are designed to actively promote a set of meaningful privacy guidelines for digital advertising and direct marketing via all channels of addressable media, e-commerce, risk management and information industries as a whole. Since the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union ("EU") in July 2020, as part of our effort to ensure our continued ability to process information across borders we continue to adhere to the principles of the EU-U.S. and Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield networks, although we do not rely on those frameworks as a legal basis for transfers of personal data. We have dedicated teams in place to oversee our compliance with the data protection regulations that govern our business activities in the various countries in which we operate. 

The U.S. Congress and state legislatures, along with federal regulatory authorities, have recently increased their attention on matters concerning the collection and use of consumer data. Data privacy legislation has been introduced in the U.S. Congress, and at least sixteen states now have passed comprehensive privacy legislation. Additional state legislatures have proposed, and in certain cases enacted, a variety of types of data privacy legislation. In all of the non-U.S. locations in which we do business, laws and regulations governing the collection and use of personal data either exist or are being developed.

We expect the trend of enacting and revising data protection laws to continue and that new and expanded data privacy legislation in various forms will be implemented in the U.S. and in other countries around the globe. We are supportive of legislation that codifies current industry guidelines of accountability-based data governance that includes meaningful transparency for the individual, appropriate controls over personal information and choice of whether that information is shared with independent third parties for marketing purposes. We also support legislation requiring all custodians of sensitive information to deploy reasonable information security safeguards to protect that information.

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Changes in laws and regulations and violations of laws or regulations by us could have a significant direct or indirect effect on our operations and financial condition, as detailed below and set forth under "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Government Regulation and Taxation."

Customers

Our customer base consists primarily of Fortune 1000 companies and organizations in the financial services, insurance, information services, direct marketing, retail, consumer packaged goods, technology, automotive, healthcare, travel and communications industries as well as in non-profit sectors. Given the strong network effects associated with our platform, we work with both enterprise marketers and the companies they partner with to execute their marketing, including agencies, marketing technology providers, publishers and data providers. We had 900 direct subscription customers at the end of fiscal year 2024.

We seek to maintain long-term relationships with our customers. Our customers are loyal and typically grow their use of the platform over time, as evidenced by our growing number of customers whose subscription contracts exceed $1 million in annual revenue, which totaled 115 at the end of fiscal year 2024.

Our ten largest customers represented approximately 27% of our revenues in fiscal year 2024. There were no customers that individually exceeded 10% of the Company's revenue in fiscal year 2024.

Sales and Marketing

Our sales teams focus on new business development across all markets – sales to new customers and sales of new lines of business to existing customers, as well as revenue growth within existing accounts. We organize our customer relationships around customer type and industry vertical, as we believe that understanding and speaking to the nuances of each industry is the most effective way to positively impact our customers’ businesses.

Our partner organization focuses on enabling key media partners, agencies and software providers who can help drive value for our customers. We are actively expanding our channel sales efforts with customer data platforms, public cloud providers, cloud data warehouses, marketing clouds, and global systems integrators.

Our marketing efforts are focused on increasing awareness for our brand, executing thought leadership initiatives, supporting our sales team and generating new leads. We seek to accomplish these objectives by hosting and presenting at industry conferences, hosting customer advisory boards, publishing white papers and research, public relations activities, social media presence and advertising campaigns.

Research and Development

We continue to invest in our global data connectivity platform to enable effective use of data. Our research and development teams are focused on the full cycle of product development from customer discovery through development, testing and release. Research and development expense was $151.2 million in fiscal 2024, compared to $189.2 million in fiscal 2023, and $157.9 million in fiscal 2022. Management expects to maintain research and development spending, as a percentage of revenue, at relatively similar levels to fiscal 2024 in fiscal 2025.

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Seasonality

While the majority of our business is not subject to seasonal fluctuations, our Data Marketplace and usage-based subscription revenue experience modest seasonality, as the revenue generated from these areas of the business are more transactional in nature and tied to overall advertising spend by our customers. For example, many advertisers allocate the largest portion of their budgets to the fourth quarter of the calendar year in order to coincide with increased holiday purchasing. We expect our Data Marketplace and usage-based subscription revenue to continue to fluctuate based on seasonal factors that affect the advertising industry as a whole. Usage-based subscription revenue equaled 15% of total subscription revenue in fiscal 2024, 14% in fiscal 2023 and 15% in fiscal 2022.

Competition

We operate in a complex and competitive environment. Competitors of LiveRamp are typically also members of our partner and reseller ecosystem, creating a paradigm where competition is the norm. Our primary competitors are companies that sell data onboarding as part of a suite of marketing applications or services. Walled gardens that offer a direct interface for matching customer relationship management (CRM) data compete for a portion of our services, particularly amongst marketers that have not yet adopted in-house platforms for programmatic marketing or attribution. Some providers of tag management, data management, and cross-device marketing solutions have adopted positioning similar to our business and compete for mindshare. In markets outside the United States, we primarily face small, local market players.

We continue to focus on levers to increase our competitiveness and believe that investing in the product and technology platform of our business is a key to our continued success. Further, we believe that enabling a broad partner ecosystem will help us to continue to provide competitive differentiation.

Pricing

Approximately 78% of our revenue is derived from subscription-based arrangements sold on an annual or multi-year basis. Our subscription pricing is based on data volume supported by our platform. We also generate revenue from data providers, digital publishers and advanced TV platforms in the form of revenue-sharing agreements in our Data Marketplace.

Our Human Capital

LiveRamp's most valuable resource is our people. Our board of directors considers LiveRamp's talent strategy and Diversity, Inclusion and Belonging commitment and programs to be a critical component of our Company strategy and a competitive advantage. We believe each hire is an opportunity to diversify our workforce and add new skills and capabilities that will foster greater innovation.

LiveRamp employs approximately 1,400 employees ("LiveRampers") worldwide. No U.S. LiveRampers are represented by a labor union or subject to a collective bargaining agreement. To the best of management’s knowledge, no LiveRamper is an elected member of works councils and trade unions representing LiveRamp employees in the European Union. LiveRamp has never experienced a work stoppage. We promote high employee engagement, open communication and a culture of equality to foster positive employee relations.

Attracting and Retaining Talent

We attract and retain employees with market-competitive, internally equitable compensation and benefit programs, learning and development opportunities that support career growth and advancement opportunities, and employee engagement initiatives that foster a strong, inclusive company culture.

Through our dedicated organizational development program, we regularly assess our human capital opportunities and needs and focus on building the individual capabilities of our employees to facilitate achieving the overall goals of our organization. We aggregate and analyze critical human capital metrics, including employee retention and engagement, to monitor the success of our strategy and make adjustments accordingly. Our employee engagement score is above industry benchmark.

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Since 2016, LiveRamp has either qualified for or been certified as a Best Place to Work. Additionally, LiveRamp has been listed among the 100 Best Companies to Work by Fortune every year since 2018. Recently, LiveRamp was recognized as a Great Place to Work and a Company that Cares by People Magazine in 2022. We strive to not just earn these accolades, but also to push the boundaries of what we know we are capable of as guardians of diversity, inclusion, and belonging.

Diversity, Inclusion and Belonging

Diversity, inclusion, and belonging (“DIB”) efforts are a cornerstone of LiveRamp’s innovative culture. In 2020, we hired our first-ever Head of Diversity Strategy and published LiveRamp’s Diversity, Inclusion & Belonging Charter, which set our commitment to and the core pillars of DIB for LiveRamp, explained our current programs and practices as well as showed the breadth of leaders making DIB part of their focus. Our CEO also joined 1,000 CEOs of the world’s leading companies and organizations to sign the CEO Action for Diversity & Inclusion™ pledge, the largest CEO-driven business commitment to advance diversity and inclusion in the workplace.

We believe there are three core pillars of DIB: Workforce, Product & Customers, and Community. These pillars reflect the intricate relationship of diversity, inclusion and belonging—both internally and externally. To be effective, we believe all three must work together harmoniously for an environment that is equal parts diverse, encouraging, and accepting. Creating a welcoming and inclusive workplace where colleagues feel a sense of belonging creates more innovation and produces better outcomes for our employees, our business and our communities. We work to foster a sense of belonging where everyone can bring their full selves to work.

Investing in our people is foundational to building an exceptional culture where everyone can thrive. We seek out brilliant people from all backgrounds. One way we further this is that we provide candidates with a significant amount of information about who we are and how our products work to help level the knowledge base among referrals and direct applicants. Additionally, candidates have the opportunity to speak directly with members of our business employee resource groups (“BERGs”) to get a first-hand perspective of what it is like to work here.

Forming teams with diverse backgrounds enables us to achieve our goal of building products that can be used by customers with varying capabilities, which reduces inequities and serves a wider variety of business needs. Our BERGs exist to support the growth and development of our employees, communities and business to increase diversity, inclusion and belonging. Currently, we have six BERGs: EQUAL@LiveRamp, Women@LiveRamp, Badge@LiveRamp, SOMOS@LiveRamp, SAUCE@LiveRamp, and MOSAIC@LiveRamp.

Diversity, inclusion and belonging also lives outside of our office walls. We have invested in LiveRamp.org, which includes opportunities for volunteerism, philanthropic initiatives, employee donation matching and our Data for Good initiative, which enables organizations to use data to solve some of society’s biggest challenges.

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Information about our Executive Officers

LiveRamp’s executive officers, their current positions, ages and business experience are listed below. They are elected by the board of directors annually or as necessary to fill vacancies or to fill new positions. There are no family relationships among any of the officers or directors of the Company.

Scott E. Howe, age 56, is the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Prior to joining the Company in 2011, he served as corporate vice president of Microsoft Advertising Business Group from 2007–2010. In this role, he managed a multi-billion-dollar business encompassing all emerging businesses related to online advertising, including search, display, ad networks, in-game, mobile, digital cable and a variety of enterprise software applications. Mr. Howe was employed from 1999–2007 as an executive and later as a corporate officer at aQuantive, Inc. where he managed three lines of business, including Avenue A | Razorfish (a leading Seattle-based global consultancy in digital marketing and technology), DRIVE Performance Media (now Microsoft Media Network), and Atlas International (an adserving technology now owned by Facebook). Earlier in his career, he was with The Boston Consulting Group and Kidder, Peabody & Company, Inc. He is a member of the board of directors of the Internet Advertising Bureau (IAB) and previously served on the board of Blue Nile, Inc., a leading online retailer of diamonds and fine jewelry. Mr. Howe is a magna cum laude graduate of Princeton University, where he earned a degree in economics, and he holds an MBA from Harvard University.

Lauren R. Dillard, age 38, is the Company’s Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, a position she has held since April 2023. She previously served as the Company’s SVP of Finance and Investor Relations, overseeing all aspects of the Company’s finance and investor relations functions since assuming the role in August 2021. Prior to her current positions, she served as the Company’s Chief Communications Officer & Head of Investor Relations from 2018 to 2021. Prior to joining the Company, she worked in corporate finance and investor relations for a number of San Francisco Bay Area technology companies and started her career at Ernst & Young. She is an active community leader and has served on and chaired several Bay Area nonprofit boards, including the Bay Area Discovery Museum and Multiplying Good. Ms. Dillard is a certified public accountant (inactive) and holds a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting from Santa Clara University.

Jerry C. Jones, age 68, is the Company’s Executive Vice President, Chief Ethics and Legal Officer, and Secretary. He joined the Company in 1999 and currently oversees the Company’s legal, data ethics and government relations matters. He also assists in the strategy and execution of mergers and alliances and the Company’s strategic initiatives. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Jones was employed for 19 years as an attorney with the Rose Law Firm in Little Rock, Arkansas, representing a broad range of business interests. Mr. Jones is a member of the board of directors of Agilysys, Inc. (NASDAQ: AGYS), a leading developer and marketer of proprietary enterprise software, services and solutions to the hospitality and retail industries, where he serves on the Compensation Committee and the Nominating & Governance Committee. He is a member of the U.S. Chaber of Commerce Board of Directors. He is a Special Advisor to the Club de Madrid, an organization composed of over 100 former Presidents and Prime Ministers from more than 70 democratic countries. Previously, he served as the Chair of FASTER Arkansas, the board of directors of ForwARd Arkansas, the board of directors of the CDIA and was a co-founder of uhireUS. Mr. Jones was also previously a member of the board of directors of Heifer International and Entrust, Inc. until it was purchased by private investors in 2009. He is the former chairman of the board of the Arkansas Virtual Academy, a statewide virtual public school, and is a former member of the UA Little Rock Board of Visitors. Mr. Jones holds a bachelor’s degree in public administration and a juris doctorate degree, both from the University of Arkansas.

Mohsin Hussain, age 51, has served as the Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President of Engineering of the Company since 2021. During the year prior to assuming this position, he was the Company’s Chief Technology Officer and Senior Vice President of Engineering. Mr. Hussain has more than 25 years’ experience in engineering leadership and product innovation in the areas of software-as-a-service, data science, machine learning, analytics, and the cloud. Before joining LiveRamp, Mr. Hussain was employed for two years as Senior Vice President of Engineering at Criteo (NYSE: CRTO) where he led a large-scale buildout of the U.S. engineering team, new product launches, and the R&D integration of several acquisitions, including Criteo's largest, Hooklogic (integrated and rebranded as Criteo's Retail Media Platform). Prior to that, he was Vice President of Engineering at Criteo for over two years. Earlier in

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his career Mr. Hussain held leadership roles in several high-growth start-ups and public companies, including AOL/Netscape (now Yahoo), Siebel Systems (now Oracle), and SunPower. He has been a member of the Google Cloud CIO/CTO Customer Advisory Board since 2021. Mr. Hussain is named as an inventor on 18 issued patents and holds a bachelor’s degree in computer science from University of California at Berkeley.

Vihan Sharma, age 45, has served as the Chief Revenue Officer of the Company since December 2023 where he is in charge of overseeing global sales, customer operations and partnership teams. He joined the Company in 2009 and currently oversees all global commercial functions and is responsible for LiveRamp's growth and operations in Europe. Prior to his current position, Mr. Sharma served as the Company’s Executive Vice President of Global Sales and was Managing Director Europe from 2019 to 2023. Mr. Sharma has extensive experience in global data and product strategy and has also served as Vice President of Safe Haven and Managing Director France, a leadership position he held for almost six years. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Sharma held several strategic leadership positions across a number of startups in Europe. Mr. Sharma holds a master's degree in business administration from the ESCP Business School.

Kimberly Bloomston, age 41, has served as the Chief Product Officer of the Company since December 2023. For almost two years prior to assuming her current position, Ms. Bloomston served as the Company’s Senior Vice President of Product and prior to that served in the role of Vice President of Product, Core Platform & Data Marketplace. Ms. Bloomston has over 15 years of experience leading product management and business operations and has served in executive leadership roles overseeing product, design and operations teams across a variety of software companies and industries. Prior to joining the Company, in 2020, she served as the Vice President of Product Management at Ellucian, a cloud and SaaS solutions provider in the higher education space, for over three years. Ms. Bloomston has also led sales and partner programs, including experience leading strategic initiatives that focus on maturing and expanding solutions in the midst of market and company transformation. Ms. Bloomston holds a bachelor’s degree in philosophy from Baruch College.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below and the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other public filings before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition, or operating results could be harmed by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. If any of such risks and uncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results could differ materially from the plans, projections and other forward-looking statements included in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this report and in our other public filings. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and, as a result, you may lose all or part of your investment.  

Risks Related to Our Business and Strategy

We are dependent upon customer renewals, the addition of new customers and increased revenue from existing customers for our subscription revenue through our LiveRamp platform and our Marketplace and Other business.

To sustain or increase our revenue, we must regularly add new customers and encourage existing customers to maintain or increase their business with us. As the market matures and regulation increases, and as existing and new market participants produce new and different approaches to enable businesses to address their respective needs that compete with our offerings, we may be forced to reduce the prices we charge, may be unable to renew existing customer agreements, or enter into new customer agreements at the same prices and upon the same terms that we have historically obtained. If our new business and cross-selling efforts are unsuccessful or if our customers do not expand their use of our platform or adopt additional offerings and features, our operating results may suffer.

Our existing customers have no obligation to renew their contracts upon expiration of their contractual subscription period and may not choose to renew their contracts for a variety of reasons. In the normal course of business, some customers have elected not to renew, and it is difficult to predict attrition rates. Our renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including customer satisfaction, pricing changes, the prices of services offered by our competitors, mergers and acquisitions affecting our customer base, regulatory changes such as in privacy, antitrust, or international relations, and reductions in our customers’ spending levels or other declines in customer activity. If our customers do not renew their contracts or decrease the amount they spend with us, our revenue would decline and our business would suffer.

A decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any period may not be immediately reflected in our reported financial results for that period but may result in a decline in our revenue in future periods. If we were to experience significant downturns in subscription sales and renewal rates, our reported financial results might not reflect such downturns until future periods. Moreover, the conditions caused by other factors outside our control, such as macroeconomic growth and increasing global geopolitical tensions, have affected, and may affect, directly or indirectly, the rate of spending on advertising products and have and could continue to adversely affect our customers’ ability or willingness to purchase our offerings, delay prospective customers’ purchasing decisions, increase pressure for pricing discounts, lengthen payment terms, reduce the value or duration of their subscription contracts, or increase customer attrition rates, all of which could adversely affect our future sales, operating results and overall financial performance.

The loss of a contract upon which we rely for a significant portion of our revenues could adversely affect our operating results. 

Our ten largest customers represented approximately 27% of our revenues in fiscal year 2024. The loss of, or decrease in revenue from, any of our significant customers for any reason could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and operating results, which could be exacerbated by customer consolidation, changes in technologies or solutions used by our customers, changes in demand for our platform, legal or regulatory changes, market optics, customer bankruptcies or departures from their respective industries, pricing or product competition, or deviation from marketing and sales methods, any one of which may result in even fewer contractual relationships accounting for a high percentage of our revenue and reduced demand from any single significant customer.

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In addition, some of our customers have used, and may in the future use, the size and relative importance of their purchases to our business to require that we enter into agreements with more favorable terms than we would otherwise agree to, to obtain price concessions, or to otherwise restrict our business.

Data suppliers may withdraw data that we have previously collected or withhold data from us in the future, leading to our inability to provide products and services to our customers, which could lead to a decrease in revenue and loss of customer confidence.

Much of the data that we use is either purchased or licensed from third-party data suppliers, and we are dependent upon our ability to obtain necessary data licenses on commercially reasonable terms. We could suffer material adverse consequences if our data suppliers were to withhold their data from us or materially limit our use of their data, which could occur for a variety of reasons, including because we fail to maintain sufficient relationships with the suppliers or because they decline to provide, or are prohibited from providing, such data to us due to legal, regulatory, contractual, privacy, competitive or other economic concerns. For example, data suppliers could withhold their data from us if there is a competitive reason to do so, if we breach our contract with a supplier, if we breach their expectations of our use of their data, if they are acquired by one of our competitors, if legislation is passed or regulations are adopted restricting or making too difficult the collection, use or dissemination of the data they provide, if market optics become negative regarding the sharing of their data with third parties or allowing the setting of cookies from their sites, if publishers change their privacy policies or user settings, including as a result of legal or regulatory actions, in a material manner that turns off or diminishes the volume of data we receive, or if judicial interpretations are issued restricting use of such data, or for other reasons. Further, definitions in enacted or proposed state-level data broker legislation apply to LiveRamp, potentially exposing the Company to negative perceptions and diminishing data available to it. Additionally, we could terminate relationships with our data suppliers if they fail to adhere to our data quality standards or their legal and/or other contractual commitments. If a substantial number of data suppliers were to withdraw or withhold their data from us or substantially limit our use of their data, or if we were to sever ties with our data suppliers based on their inability to meet appropriate data standards, our ability to provide products and services to our customers could be materially adversely impacted, which could result in decreased revenues and operating results.

Our business is subject to substantial competition from a diverse group of competitors. New products and pricing strategies introduced by these competitors could decrease our market share or cause us to lower our prices in a manner that reduces our revenues and operating margin.

We operate in a highly competitive and rapidly changing industry. With the introduction of new technologies and the influx of new entrants to the market, we expect competition to persist and intensify in the future, which could harm our ability to increase revenue and operating results. In addition to existing competitors and intermediaries, we may also face competition from new companies entering the market, which may include large established companies, all of which currently offer, or may in the future offer, products and services that result in additional competition. These competitors may be in a better position to develop new products and pricing strategies that more quickly and effectively respond to changes in customer requirements in these markets. These competitors and new products and technologies may be disruptive to our existing platform offerings, resulting in operating inefficiencies and increased competitive pressure. Some of our competitors may choose to sell products or services competitive to ours at lower prices by accepting lower margins and profitability, or may be able to sell products or services competitive to ours at lower prices given proprietary ownership of data, technical superiority or economies of scale. Such introduction of competent, competitive products, pricing strategies or other technologies by our competitors that are superior to or that achieve greater market acceptance than our products and services could adversely affect our business. In such event, we could experience a decline in market share and revenues and be forced to reduce our prices, resulting in lower profit margins for the Company.

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The failure to attract, recruit, onboard and retain qualified personnel could hinder our ability to successfully execute our business strategy, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and operating results. 

Our growth strategy and future success depends in large part on our ability to attract, recruit, onboard, motivate and retain technical, customer services, sales, consulting, research and development, marketing, administrative and management personnel. The complexity of our products, processing functionality, software systems and services requires highly trained professionals. While we presently have a sophisticated, dedicated and experienced team of executives and employees who have a deep understanding of our business, the labor market for these individuals has historically been very competitive due to the limited number of people available with the necessary technical skills and understanding. As our industry continues to become more technologically advanced, we anticipate increased competition for qualified personnel. In addition, many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel may be able to offer greater compensation and benefits packages and/or more flexible work alternatives. We may incur significant costs to attract and retain highly trained personnel and we may lose new employees to our competitors or other technology companies before we realize the benefit of our investment in recruiting and training them, and our succession plans may be insufficient to ensure business continuity if we are unable to retain key personnel. Further, volatility or lack of appreciation in our stock price may also affect our ability to attract and retain our key employees. The loss or prolonged absence of the services of highly trained personnel like our current team of executives and employees, or the inability to recruit, attract, onboard and retain additional, qualified employees, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or operating results. 

In addition, effective succession planning is important to our long-term success. If we do not develop effective succession planning, the loss of one or more of our key executive or employees or groups of executives or employees could seriously harm our business.

If we cannot maintain our culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, teamwork, passion and focus on execution that we believe contribute to our success, and our business may be harmed.

We believe that a critical component to our success has been our company culture, which is based on transparency and personal autonomy. We have invested substantial time and resources in building our team within this company culture. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our ability to retain and recruit personnel and to proactively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives. The majority of our employees continue to work remotely. We have offered most of our employees the flexibility to determine the amount of time they work in the office, which may present operational challenges and risks, including negative employee morale and productivity, low employee retention, and increased compliance and tax obligations in a number of jurisdictions. If we fail to maintain our company culture, our business may be adversely impacted.

Failure to keep up with rapidly changing technologies and marketing practices could cause our products and services to become less competitive or obsolete, which could result in loss of market share and decreased revenues, thereby impacting our results of operations.

Advances in information technology are changing the way our customers use and purchase information products and services and may be disruptive to our existing platform offerings. Maintaining the technological competitiveness of our products, processing functionality, software systems and services is key to our continued success.  However, the complexity and uncertainty regarding the development of new technologies and the extent and timing of market acceptance of innovative products and services create difficulties in maintaining this competitiveness.  Without the timely introduction of new products, services and enhancements that comply with changing laws and standards, including through the use of new and emerging technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence and machine learning), we could be at a competitive disadvantage and our offerings will become technologically or commercially obsolete over time, in which case our revenue and operating results would suffer.

Consumer needs and expectations and the business information industry as a whole are in a constant state of change.  Our ability to continually improve our current processes and products in response to changes in technology and to develop new products and services are essential in maintaining our competitive position, preserving our market share and meeting the increasingly sophisticated requirements of our customers.  If we fail to enhance our current products and services or fail to develop new products in light of emerging technologies, industry standards, and regulations, we could lose customers to current or future competitors, which could result in impairment of our growth prospects, loss of market share and decreased revenues.

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Acquisition and divestiture activities may disrupt our ongoing business and may involve increased expenses, and we may not realize the financial and strategic goals contemplated at the time of a transaction, all of which could adversely affect our business and growth prospects.

Historically, we have engaged in acquisitions to grow our business, such as the acquisition of Habu in January 2024. To the extent we find suitable and attractive acquisition candidates and business opportunities in the future, we may continue to acquire other complementary businesses, products and technologies and enter into joint ventures or similar strategic relationships. The pursuit of acquisitions may divert the attention of management, disrupt ongoing business, and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating, and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. While we believe we will be able to successfully integrate newly acquired businesses (such as Habu) into our existing operations, there is no certainty that future acquisitions or alliances will be consummated on acceptable terms or that we will be able to successfully integrate the services, content, products and personnel of any such transaction into our operations.  In addition, the pursuit of any future acquisitions, joint ventures or similar relationships may cause a disruption in our ongoing business and distract our management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating, and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. An acquisition may later be found to have a material legal or ethical issue that was not disclosed or discovered prior to acquisition. Further, we may be unable to realize the revenue improvements, cost savings and other intended benefits of any such transaction. The occurrence of any of these events could result in decreased revenues, net income and earnings per share.

We have also divested assets in the past and may do so again in the future. As with acquisitions, divestitures involve significant risks and uncertainties, such as disruption of our ongoing business, reductions of our revenues or earnings per share, unanticipated liabilities, legal risks and costs, the potential loss of key personnel, distraction of management from our ongoing business, and impairment of relationships with employees and customers because of migrating a business to new owners.

Because acquisitions and divestitures are inherently risky, transactions we undertake may not be successful and may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Our operations outside the United States are subject to risks that may harm the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations. 

During the last fiscal year, we received approximately 6% of our revenues from business outside the United States. In those non-U.S. locations where legislation restricting the collection and use of personal data currently exists, less data is available and at a much higher cost. In some foreign markets, the types of products and services we offer have not been generally available and thus are not fully understood by prospective customers. Upon entering these markets, we must educate and condition the markets, increasing the cost and difficulty of successfully executing our business plan in these markets. Additionally, each of our foreign locations is generally expected to fund its own operations and cash flows, although periodically funds may be loaned or invested from the United States to the foreign subsidiaries. Because of such loans or investments, exchange rate movements of foreign currencies may have an impact on our future costs of, or future cash flows from, foreign investments. We have not entered into any foreign currency forward exchange contracts or other derivative instruments to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Additional risks inherent in our non-U.S. business activities generally include, among others, the costs and difficulties of managing international operations, potentially adverse tax consequences, and greater difficulty enforcing intellectual property rights. The various risks that are inherent in doing business in the United States are also generally applicable to doing business outside of the United States, but such risks may be exaggerated by factors normally associated with international operations, such as differences in culture, laws and regulations, especially restrictions on collection, management, aggregation, localizations, and use of information. Failure to effectively manage the risks facing our non-U.S. business activities could materially adversely affect our operating results. Also, our business is subject to weak international economic conditions, geopolitical developments, such as existing and potential trade wars, and other events outside of our control that could result in a reduced volume of business by our customers and prospective customers, and the demand for, and use of, our products and services may decline. For example, the military conflicts in Europe and the Middle East could result in regional instability and adversely impact financial markets as well as economic conditions.

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In addition, when operating in foreign jurisdictions, we must comply with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and other local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to government officials, as well as anti-competition regulations and data protection laws and regulations. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, criminal sanctions, and restrictions on our business conduct and on our ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries. Such violations could also adversely affect our reputation with existing and prospective customers, which could negatively impact our operating results and growth prospects.

Public health emergencies may result in global, national and/or regional economic uncertainty, and measures taken in response to such emergencies could impact our business and future results of operations and financial condition.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the flow of the economy and put unprecedented strains on governments, health care systems, educational institutions, businesses and individuals around the world, and future public health emergencies could result in the same. Similar to the COVID-19 pandemic, future public health emergencies could result in significant disruptions to the global financial markets and economic uncertainty, as well as regional quarantines, labor shortages or stoppages, changes in consumer purchasing patterns, disruptions to service providers to deliver data on a timely basis, or at all, and overall economic instability. Any future public health emergencies could materially and adversely affect our business, our operating results, financial condition and prospects, and the value of our common stock.

A significant breach of the confidentiality of the information we hold or of the security of our or our customers’, suppliers’, or other partners’ computer systems could be detrimental to our business, reputation and results of operations.

Our business requires the storage, transmission and utilization of data, including personally identifiable information, much of which must be maintained on a confidential basis. These activities may make us a target of cyberattacks from malicious third parties seeking unauthorized access to the data we maintain, including our data and customer data, or to disrupt our ability to provide service. Any failure to prevent or mitigate security breaches and improper access to or disclosure of the data we maintain, including personal information, could result in the loss or misuse of such data, which could harm our business and reputation and diminish our competitive position. Our customers and suppliers are increasingly imposing more rigorous contractual obligations on us relating to data security protections. If we are unable to maintain protections and processes at a level equal to that required by our customers and suppliers, it could negatively affect our relationships with those customers and suppliers or increase our operating costs. In addition, computer malware, viruses, social engineering, ransomware, phishing and general hacking have become more prevalent, and events outside of our control, such as the military conflicts in Europe and the Middle East, could result in a further increase in such activities. As a result of the types and volume of personal data on our systems, we believe that we are a particularly attractive target for such breaches and attacks.

In recent years, the frequency, severity and sophistication of cyberattacks, computer malware, viruses, social engineering, ransomware, phishing and other intentional misconduct by computer hackers have significantly increased, including the ability to evade detection or obscure their activities, and government agencies and security experts have warned about the growing risks of hackers, cyber criminals and other potential attackers targeting information technology systems. Such third parties could attempt to gain entry to our systems for the purpose of stealing data or disrupting the systems. In addition, our security measures may also be breached due to employee error, malfeasance, system errors or vulnerabilities, including vulnerabilities of our vendors, suppliers, their products, or otherwise. Third parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as usernames, passwords or other information to gain access to our customers’ data or our data, including intellectual property and other confidential business information. The COVID-19 pandemic generally increased opportunities available to hackers and cyber criminals as more companies and individuals work online from remote locations. We believe we have taken appropriate measures to protect our systems from intrusion, but we cannot be certain that advances in criminal capabilities, discovery of new or existing vulnerabilities in our systems and attempts to exploit those vulnerabilities, physical system or facility break-ins and data thefts or other developments will not compromise or breach the technology protecting our systems and the information we possess.

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Although we have developed systems and processes that are designed to protect our data, our customer data, and data transmissions to prevent data loss, and to prevent or detect security breaches, our databases may be subject to unauthorized access by third parties, and we may incur significant costs in protecting against or remediating cyberattacks. Any security breach could result in operational disruptions that impair our ability to meet our customers’ requirements, which could result in decreased revenues. Also, whether there is an actual or a perceived breach of our security, our reputation could suffer significant harm, causing our current and prospective customers to reject our products and services in the future and deterring data suppliers from supplying us data. Further, we could be forced to expend significant resources in response to a security breach, including those expended in repairing system damage, increasing cybersecurity protection costs by deploying additional personnel and protection technologies, and litigating and resolving legal claims or governmental inquiries and investigations, all of which could divert the attention of our management and key personnel away from our business operations. In any event, a significant security breach could materially harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our customers, suppliers and other partners are primarily responsible for the security of their information technology environments, and we rely heavily on them and other third parties to supply clean data content and/or to utilize our products and services in a secure manner. Each of these third parties may face risks relating to cybersecurity, which could disrupt their businesses and therefore materially impact ours. While we provide guidance and specific requirements in some cases, we do not directly control any of such parties’ cybersecurity operations, or the amount of investment they place in guarding against cybersecurity threats. Accordingly, we are subject to any flaw in or breaches of their systems, which could materially impact our business, operations and financial results.

Finally, while we maintain cyber liability insurance coverage that may cover certain liabilities in connection with a cybersecurity incident, we cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred, that insurance will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, financial results and reputation.

Unfavorable publicity and negative public perception about our industry could adversely affect our business and operating results.

With the growth of online advertising and e-commerce, there is increasing awareness and concern among the general public, privacy advocates, mainstream media, governmental bodies and others regarding marketing, advertising, and data privacy matters, particularly as they relate to individual privacy interests and the global reach of the online marketplace. Any unfavorable publicity or negative public perception about us, our industry, including our competitors, or even other data-focused industries can affect our business and results of operations, and may lead to digital publishers changing their business practices or additional regulatory scrutiny or lawmaking that affects us or our industry. For example, in recent years, consumer advocates, mainstream media, elected officials and government officials have increasingly and publicly criticized the data and marketing industry for its collection, storage and use of personal data. Additional public scrutiny may lead to general distrust of our industry, consumer reluctance to share and permit use of personal data and increased consumer opt-out rates, any of which could negatively influence, change or reduce our current and prospective customers’ demand for our products and services and adversely affect our business and operating results. 

Interruptions or delays in service from our third-party data center providers could impair our ability to deliver our products and services to our customers, resulting in customer dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation, loss of customers, limited growth and reduction in revenue.

We currently serve the majority of our platform functions from third-party data center hosting facilities operated by Google Cloud Platform and Amazon Web Services. Our operations depend, in part, on our third-party facility providers’ abilities to protect these facilities against any damage or interruption from natural disasters, such as earthquakes and hurricanes, power or telecommunication failures, criminal acts and similar events. In the event that any of our third-party facilities arrangements are terminated, or if there is a lapse of service or damage to a facility, we could experience interruptions in our platform as well as delays and additional expenses in arranging new facilities and services.

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Any damage to, or failure of, the systems of our third-party providers could result in interruptions to our platform. Despite precautions taken at our data centers, the occurrence of spikes in usage volume, a natural disaster, such as earthquakes or hurricanes, an act of terrorism, destruction, vandalism or sabotage, a decision to close a facility without adequate notice, or other unanticipated problems at a facility could result in lengthy interruptions in the availability of our platform. Even with current and planned disaster recovery arrangements, our business could be harmed, and no assurance can be provided that any interruptions would be remediated without significant cost or in a timely manner or at all. Also, in the event of damage or interruption, our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur. These factors in turn could further reduce our revenue, subject us to liability and cause us to issue credits or cause customers to fail to renew their subscriptions, any of which could materially adversely affect our business.

We are dependent on the continued availability of third-party data hosting and transmission services.

We incur significant costs with our third-party data hosting services. If the costs for such services increase due to vendor consolidation, regulation, contract renegotiation, or otherwise, we may not be able to increase the fees for our products and services to cover the changes. As a result, our operating results may be significantly worse than forecasted.

As the use of “third-party cookies” or other tracking technology continues to be pressured by Internet users, restricted or otherwise subject to unfavorable regulation, blocked or limited by technical changes on end users’ devices, or our and our customers’ ability to use data on our platform is otherwise restricted, our business could be materially impacted.

Digital advertising mostly relies on the use of cookies, pixels and other similar technology, including mobile device identifiers that are provided by mobile operating systems for advertising purposes, which we refer to collectively as cookies, to collect data about interactions with users and devices. We utilize third-party cookies, which are cookies owned and used by parties other than the owners of the website visited by the Internet user. Our cookies are used to record information tied to a random unique identifier, including such information as when an Internet user views an ad, clicks on an ad or visits one of our advertiser’s websites through a browser while the cookie is active. We use cookies to help us achieve our advertisers’ campaign goals on the web, to limit the instances that an Internet user sees the same advertisement, to report information to our advertisers regarding the performance of their advertising campaigns and to detect and prevent malicious behavior and invalid traffic throughout our network of inventory. Additionally, our customers use cookies and other technologies to add information they have collected or acquired about users into our platform. Without such data, our customers may not have sufficient insight into an Internet user’s activity, which may compromise their ability to determine which inventory to purchase for a specific campaign and undermine the effectiveness of our platform.

Cookies may be deleted or blocked by Internet users who do not want information to be collected about them. The most commonly used Internet browsers—Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer and Safari—allow Internet users to modify their browser settings to prevent cookies from being accepted by their browsers. In May 2023, Google announced it will continue with its previously announced timeline to end Chrome's support for third-party cookies in the second half of 2024 and in January 2024 started deprecating third-party cookies for 1% of its users globally. In April 2024, Google announced a delay to the end of Chrome's support for third-party cookies, noting it now expects deprecation to be completed in early 2025. Mobile devices allow users to opt out of the use of mobile device IDs for targeted advertising. Additionally, the Safari browser currently blocks some third-party cookies by default and has recently added controls that algorithmically block or limit some cookies. Other browsers have added similar controls. In addition, Internet users can delete cookies from their computers at any time. Some Internet users also download free or paid ad blocking software that not only prevents third-party cookies from being stored on a user’s computer, but also blocks all interaction with a third-party ad server. Google has introduced ad blocking software in its Chrome web browser that will block certain ads based on quality standards established under a multi-stakeholder coalition. Additionally, the DAA, NAI, their international counterparts, and our company have certain opt-out mechanisms for users to opt out of the collection of their information via cookies. If more Internet users adopt these settings or delete their cookies more frequently than they currently do, or restrictions are imposed by advertisers and publishers, there are changes in technology or new developments in laws, regulations or industry standards around cookies, our business could be harmed.

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For in-app advertising, data regarding interactions between users and devices are tracked mostly through stable, pseudonymous mobile device identifiers that are built into the device operating system with privacy controls that allow users to express a preference with respect to data collection for advertising, including to disable the identifier. These identifiers and privacy controls are defined by the developers of the mobile platforms and could be changed by the mobile platforms in a way that may negatively impact our business. Privacy aspects of other channels for programmatic advertising, such as CTVs or over-the-top video, are still developing. Technical or policy changes, including regulation or industry self-regulation, could harm our growth in those channels.

As the collection and use of data for digital advertising has received ongoing media attention over the past several years, some government regulators, such as the FTC, and privacy advocates have raised significant concerns around observed data. There has been an array of 'do-not-track' efforts, suggestions and technologies introduced to address these concerns, and state statutes are beginning to incorporate the obligation to honor them. However, the potential regulatory and self-regulatory landscape is inherently uncertain, and there is not yet a consensus definition of tracking, nor agreement on what would be covered by 'do-not-track' functionality. There is activity by the major Internet browsers to default set on 'do-not-track' functionality, including by Safari and Firefox. It is not clear how many other Internet browsers will follow. Substantial increases in the rate and number of people opting out of various data collection processes could have a negative impact on our business and the ecosystems in which we operate.

In addition, in the EU, Directive 2002/58/EC (as amended by Directive 2009/136/EC), commonly referred to as the ePrivacy or Cookie Directive, directs EU member states to ensure that accessing information on an Internet user’s computer, such as through a cookie and other similar technologies, is allowed only if the Internet user has been informed about such access and given his or her consent. A replacement for the Cookie Directive to complement and bring electronic communication services in line with the GDPR and force a harmonized approach across EU member states is currently with the EU Council for a trilogue to decide its final effective date. Like the GDPR, the proposed ePrivacy Regulation has extra-territorial application as it applies to businesses established outside the EU who provide publicly available electronic communications services to, or gather data from the devices of, users in the EU. Though still subject to debate, the proposed ePrivacy Regulation may limit the lawful bases available to process digital data collected through cookies and require "opt-in" consent. The fines and penalties for breach of the proposed ePrivacy Regulation may be significant. Limitations on the use or effectiveness of cookies, or other limitations on our, or our customers’, ability to collect and use data for advertising, whether imposed by EU member state implementations of the Cookie Directive, by the new ePrivacy Regulation, or otherwise, may impact the performance of our platform. We may be required to, or otherwise may determine that it is advisable to, make significant changes in our business operations and product and services to obtain user opt-in for cookies and use of cookie data, or develop or obtain additional tools and technologies to compensate for a lack of cookie data. We may not be able to make the necessary changes in our business operations and products and services to obtain user opt-in for cookies and use of cookie data, or develop, implement or acquire additional tools that compensate for a lack of cookie data. Moreover, even if we are able to do so, such additional products and tools may be subject to further regulation, time consuming to develop or costly to obtain, and less effective than our current use of cookies.

Climate change may have an impact on our business

Any of our primary locations may be vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. For example, our offices and facilities in California have experienced, and are projected to continue to experience, climate-related events at an increasing frequency, including drought, water scarcity, heat waves, wildfires and resultant air quality impacts and power shutoffs associated with wildfire prevention. Furthermore, it may be more difficult to mitigate the impact of these events on our remote employees working from home. Changing market dynamics, global policy developments and the increasing frequency and impact of extreme weather events on critical infrastructure in the U.S. and elsewhere have the potential to disrupt our business, the business of our third-party suppliers and the business of our customers, and may cause us to experience higher churn, losses and additional costs to maintain or resume operations.

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Risks Related to Government Regulation and Taxation

Changes in legislative, judicial, regulatory, or cultural environments relating to information collection and use may limit our ability to collect and use data. Such developments could cause revenues to decline, increase the cost and availability of data and adversely affect the demand for our products and services.

We receive, store and process personal information and other data from and about consumers in addition to our customers, employees, and services providers. Our handling of this data is subject to a variety of federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations and is subject to regulation by various government authorities. Our data handling also is subject to contractual obligations and may be deemed to be subject to industry standards.

The U.S. federal and various state and foreign governments have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, use and storage of data relating to individuals, including the use of contact information and other data for marketing, advertising and other communications with individuals and businesses. In the U.S., various laws and regulations apply to the collection, processing, disclosure, and security of certain types of data. Additionally, the FTC and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws as imposing standards for the online collection, use, dissemination and security of data. In addition, the European Union has been developing new requirements related to the use of data, including in the Digital Services Act, that may impose additional rules and restrictions on the use of the data.

The regulatory framework for data privacy issues worldwide is currently evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. For example, in the U.S., in August 2022 the FTC released an advance notice of proposed rulemaking concerning commercial surveillance and data security and sought comment on whether it should implement new trade regulation rules or other regulatory alternatives concerning the ways in which companies (1) collect, aggregate, protect, use, analyze, and retain consumer data, as well as (2) transfer, share, sell, or otherwise monetize that data in ways that are unfair or deceptive. In addition, a potential federal data privacy law remains the subject of active discussion, and, in April 2024, a bipartisan pair of lawmakers unveiled a draft bill that would substantially impact the online advertising ecosystem if passed. The occurrence of unanticipated events often rapidly drives the adoption of legislation or regulation affecting the use, collection or other processing of data and manners in which we conduct our business. Restrictions could be placed upon the collection, management, aggregation and use of information, which could result in a material increase in the cost of collecting or otherwise obtaining certain kinds of data and could limit the ways in which we may use or disclose information.

In particular, interest-based advertising, or the use of data to draw inferences about a user’s interests and deliver relevant advertising to that user, and similar or related practices, such as cross-device data collection and aggregation, steps taken to de-identify or pseudonymize personal data and to use and distribute the resulting data, including for purposes of personalization and the targeting of advertisements, have come under increasing scrutiny by legislative, regulatory, and self-regulatory bodies in the U.S. and abroad that focus on consumer protection or data privacy. Much of this scrutiny has focused on the use of cookies and other technology to collect information about Internet users’ online browsing activity on web browsers, mobile devices, and other devices, to associate such data with user or device identifiers or pseudonymous identifiers across devices and channels. In addition, providers of Internet browsers have engaged in, or announced plans to continue or expand, efforts to provide increased visibility into, and certain controls over, cookies and similar technologies and the data collected using such technologies. For example, in January 2020 Google announced that at some point in the following 24 months the Chrome browser would block third-party cookies. In April 2021, Google began releasing software updates to its Chrome browser with features intended to phase out third-party cookies. In May 2023, Google stated that it would deprecate third-party cookies by mid-2024 and in January 2024 started by deprecating third-party cookies for 1% of users globally. In April 2024, Google announced that the deprecation of third-party cookies will not be completed in 2024. Because we, and our customers, rely upon data, including that collected through cookies and similar technologies, it is possible that Google's efforts may have a substantial impact on the ability to collect and use data from Internet users, and it is essential that we monitor developments in this area domestically and globally, and engage in responsible privacy practices, including providing consumers with notice of the types of data we collect and how we use that data to provide our services.

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In the U.S., the U.S. Congress and state legislatures, along with federal regulatory authorities have recently increased their attention on matters concerning the collection and use of consumer data. In the U.S., non-sensitive consumer data generally may be used under current rules and regulations, subject to certain restrictions, so long as the person does not affirmatively “opt-out” of the collection or use of such data. If an “opt-in” model were to be adopted in the U.S., less data would be available, and the cost of data would be higher. For example, California enacted legislation, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), that became operative on January 1, 2020 and came under California Attorney General ("AG") enforcement on July 1, 2020. The CCPA requires covered companies to, among other things, provide new disclosures to California consumers and afford such consumers new abilities to opt-out of certain sales of personal information, a concept that is defined broadly. The CCPA is the subject of regulations issued by the California AG. In November 2020 California voters also approved the ballot initiative known as the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (“CPRA”). Pursuant to the CPRA, effective January 1, 2023, the CCPA was amended by creating additional privacy rights for California consumers and additional obligations on businesses, which could subject us to additional compliance costs as well as possible fines, individual claims and commercial liabilities for certain compliance failures. Since the CCPA, sixteen other state legislatures so far have passed comprehensive privacy legislation, including Virginia, Colorado, Connecticut, Utah, Indiana, Iowa, Tennessee, Montana, Florida, Oregon, Texas, Delaware, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey and Kentucky and other states have passed sector or data-specific legislation, such as Illinois, Washington, Nevada and Maryland. Together with the CCPA and CPRA, these are referred to throughout as "State Consumer Privacy Acts." Each of these State Consumer Privacy Acts have gone, or will go, into effect on or before January 1, 2026. Many other states currently have comprehensive and/or sector or data-specific bills winding their way through their legislatures.

We cannot yet predict the full impact of the State Consumer Privacy Acts on our business or operations, but they may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. The State Consumer Privacy Acts have prompted a number of proposals for federal and other state privacy legislation that, if enacted, could increase our exposure to potential liability, add additional complexity to compliance in the U.S. market and increase our compliance costs. For example, other states have enacted or are considering legislation similar to that of the State Consumer Privacy Act statutory frameworks, including legislation that would require individuals to “opt-in” to the collection of certain consumer data. Decreased availability and increased costs of information could adversely affect our ability to meet our customers’ requirements and could result in decreased revenues.

In addition, the FTC Chair has called for a new approach to consumer data protection, such as the notice and consent framework in which consumers are asked to agree to privacy policies. The FTC has also articulated and demonstrated its intention to use its authority under Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act to focus on data privacy through investigations and enforcement actions (for unfair and deceptive actions), particularly in the areas of sensitive data, such as health, location, and children’s data, and has begun to demonstrate that with significant consent decrees. Further modifications and regulations under the State Consumer Privacy Acts, enforcement actions and guidance, or new rules promulgated by the FTC, could create additional liability and require costly expenditures to ensure continued compliance. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has announced that it will issue proposed rules under the Fair Credit Reporting Act to address business practices used by companies that assemble and monetize data. These rule changes may create additional liability, expenses, and risk to revenue.

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In Europe, the European General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") took effect on May 25, 2018 and applies to products and services that we provide in Europe, as well as the processing of personal data of EU citizens, wherever that processing occurs. The GDPR includes operational requirements for companies that receive or process personal data of residents of the European Union. For example, the GDPR requires offering a variety of controls to individuals in Europe before processing data for certain aspects of our service. In addition, the GDPR includes significant penalties for non-compliance of up to the greater of €20 million or 4% of an enterprise’s global annual revenue. Further, the European Union is expected to replace the EU Cookie Directive governing the use of technologies to collect consumer information with the ePrivacy Regulation. The replacement ePrivacy Regulation may impose burdensome requirements around obtaining consent and impose fines for violations that are materially higher than those imposed under the European Union’s current ePrivacy Directive and related EU member state legislation. In addition, some countries are considering or have passed legislation or interpretations implementing data protection requirements or requiring local storage and processing of data or similar requirements that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services. Any failure to achieve required data protection standards may result in lawsuits, regulatory fines, or other actions or liability, all of which may harm our operating results.

We are also subject to laws, regulations and other restrictions that dictate whether, how, and under what circumstances we can transfer, process and/or receive certain data that is critical to our operations, including data shared between countries or regions in which we operate, and data shared among our products and services. For example, in 2016, the European Union and the U.S. agreed to an alternative transfer framework for data transferred from the European Union to the U.S., called the Privacy Shield. On July 16, 2020, however, the European Court of Justice invalidated the Privacy Shield and companies may no longer rely on it as a valid mechanism to comply with European Union data protection requirements. In July 2023, the EU adopted an adequacy decision for the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework ("DPF"), allowing the DPF to facilitate the transfer of data from Europe to the U.S., and with the U.K. Extension, also from the U.K. to the U.S. In addition, the other bases upon which we rely to legitimize the transfer of such data, such as Standard Contractual Clauses, have been subjected to regulatory and judicial scrutiny. If any of the legal bases upon which we currently rely for transferring data from Europe to the U.S. are invalidated, if we are unable to transfer data between and among countries and regions in which we operate, or if we are prohibited from sharing data among our products and services, it could affect the manner in which we provide our services or adversely affect our financial results.

In addition to government regulation, privacy advocacy and industry groups may propose new and different self-regulatory standards that either legally or contractually apply to us or our customers. We are members of self-regulatory bodies that impose additional requirements related to the collection, use, and disclosure of consumer data. Under the requirements of these self-regulatory bodies, in addition to other compliance obligations, we are obligated to provide consumers with notice about our use of cookies and other technologies to collect consumer data and of our collection and use of consumer data for certain purposes, and to provide consumers with certain choices relating to the use of consumer data. Some of these self-regulatory bodies have the ability to discipline members or participants, which could result in fines, penalties, and/or public censure (which could in turn cause reputational harm). Additionally, some of these self-regulatory bodies might refer violations of their requirements to the Federal Trade Commission or other regulatory bodies.

Because the interpretation and application of privacy and data protection laws, regulations and standards are uncertain, it is possible that these laws, regulations and standards may be interpreted and applied in manners that are, or are asserted to be, inconsistent with our data management practices or the technological features of our solutions. If so, in addition to the possibility of fines, investigations, lawsuits and other claims and proceedings, it may be necessary or desirable for us to fundamentally change our business activities and practices or modify our products and services, which could have an adverse effect on our business. We may be unable to make such changes or modifications in a commercially reasonable manner or at all. Any inability to adequately address privacy concerns, even if unfounded, or any actual or perceived failure to comply with applicable privacy or data protection laws, regulations, standards or policies, could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, decrease the availability of and increase costs for information, inhibit sales and harm our business. Furthermore, the costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, the laws, regulations, standards and policies that are applicable to the businesses of our customers may limit the use and adoption of, and reduce the overall demand for, our platform. Privacy concerns, whether valid or not valid, may inhibit market adoption of our platform particularly in certain industries and foreign countries.

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Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us or our customers may have a material

adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition or results of operations.

New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted at any time, which could affect the tax treatment of our domestic and foreign earnings and materially affect our financial position and results of operations. For example, in 2022 the United States passed the Inflation Reduction Act, which provides for a minimum tax equal to 15% of the adjusted financial statement income of certain large corporations, as well as a 1% excise tax on share repurchases, and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development issued proposals including the implementation of the global minimum tax under the Pillar Two model rule. Our existing corporate structure and intercompany arrangements have been implemented in a manner we believe is in compliance with current prevailing tax laws. However, due to economic and political conditions, tax rates and tax regimes in various jurisdictions may be subject to significant changes, and the tax benefits that we intend to eventually derive could be impacted by changing tax laws. Any new taxes could adversely affect our domestic and international business operations, and our business and financial performance. Further, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition or results of operations.

Governments are increasingly focused on ways to increase tax revenue, which has contributed to an increase in audit activity, more aggressive positions taken by tax authorities and an increase in tax legislation. Any such additional taxes or other assessments may be in excess of our current tax provisions or may require us to modify our business practices in order to reduce our exposure to additional taxes going forward, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

Third parties may claim that we are infringing their intellectual property and we could suffer significant litigation or licensing expenses or be prevented from developing or selling products or services. Additionally, third parties may infringe our intellectual property and we may suffer competitive injury or expend significant resources enforcing our rights.

As our business is focused on data-driven results and analytics, we rely heavily on proprietary information technology, processes and other protectable intellectual property rights. From time to time, third parties may claim that one or more of our products or services infringe their intellectual property rights. We analyze and take action in response to such claims on a case-by-case basis. Any dispute or litigation regarding patents or other intellectual property, whether they are with or without merit, could be costly and time-consuming due to the complexity of our technology and the uncertainty of intellectual property litigation, which could divert the attention of our management and key personnel away from our business operations, even if ultimately determined in our favor. A claim of intellectual property infringement could force us to enter into a costly or restrictive license or royalty agreement, which might not be available under acceptable terms or at all, could require us to pay significant damages (including attorneys’ fees), could subject us to an injunction against development and sale of certain of our products or services, could require us to expend additional development resources to redesign our technology and could require us to indemnify our partners and other third parties.

Our proprietary portfolio consists of various intellectual property rights, including patents, copyrights, database rights, source code, trademarks, trade secrets, know-how, confidentiality provisions and licensing arrangements. The extent to which such rights can be protected varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. If we do not enforce our intellectual property rights vigorously and successfully, our competitive position may suffer, which could harm our operating results. 

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Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Our customers’ and partners’ trust is crucial to our business; as such, a cybersecurity incident impacting the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of LiveRamp’s systems or the data we process may have a significant impact on our strategy, operations, and financials. Direct impacts may include fees, penalties, or loss of customer revenue. Furthermore, a material cybersecurity incident could harm our business and reputation and diminish our competitive position.

In order to mitigate cybersecurity risk, LiveRamp maintains a security program based on widely known and accepted industry standards, including NIST CSF, ISO 27001, and SOC 2. Aligning to these standards allows our program to adjust to changing conditions such as new technology, industry best practices, or organizational risk tolerance.

Security Governance

Oversight of our security program starts at the Board level. On an annual basis, the enterprise risk team reports to the full Board regarding the top ten enterprise risks, including cybersecurity. Additionally, on a quarterly basis, the Audit Committee receives presentations by LiveRamp security, highlighting any risks, initiatives, and/or relevant industry trends.

LiveRamp maintains a Security Charter which establishes the overall security program, appoints responsibility and authority to the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), and establishes a Security Action Committee (SAC) to provide leadership and oversight. LiveRamp’s CISO has over 20 years of experience as the Company’s security leader, and maintains several industry standard security certifications. The members of the security leadership team, who report directly to the CISO, each have at least a decade of experience relevant to their area of responsibility.

The SAC includes leadership across our security, enterprise risk management, internal audit, engineering, product, data ethics, legal, and commercial teams. The SAC is responsible for reviewing and approving major updates to LiveRamp’s security policies and standards, reviewing and recommending actions related to exceptions to the security program, ensuring that the security program is in alignment with business objectives, ensuring that the organization has appropriate training and awareness related to security, and providing leadership and support for the security program.

Cyber security is also a responsibility of all LiveRamp employees. All employees must undergo annual security awareness training, which covers topics including, but not limited to, phishing, incident reporting, insider threat, and LiveRamp's Security and Acceptable Use policies.

Security Risk Management

LiveRamp also maintains a security risk management program overseen by our CISO and aligned with the Company’s overall Enterprise Risk Management strategy. The security risk management program includes processes for consistently identifying, classifying, analyzing, and documenting risk. Throughout the year, LiveRamp’s security team conducts risk assessments focused on a particular product or compliance scope. Risks are documented and communicated to relevant stakeholders.

In addition to internal teams and resources, LiveRamp leverages a variety of third parties in support of our security risk management efforts. Third-party managed services are used to support functions including our Security Operations Center, forensic incident response, and incident response tabletop exercises. Third-party providers are also utilized for penetration testing and for a bug bounty program. Third-party tooling is utilized in support of functions including threat intelligence, security logging, security information and event management (SIEM), vulnerability scanning, email protection, security awareness training, secure development training, cloud posture management, secret management, identity and access management, and anti-malware. Furthermore, following the

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shared responsibility model with our cloud service providers, we rely on their implementation of certain security controls, such as physical security.

External auditors regularly review LiveRamp’s security posture. We engage with auditors directly on an annual basis to assess controls specific to a particular scope and compliance standard (e.g. SOC 2 or ISO 27001). External auditors also perform assessments on behalf of our customers to validate our compliance with specific customer requirements. Furthermore, on a periodic basis, an external audit is sponsored by the Board of Directors to perform an independent review of the capability maturity of LiveRamp’s security program.

In order to mitigate risk associated with the use of third parties, LiveRamp maintains a third-party risk management program, incorporating the review of third parties by data ethics and security teams. A third party’s inherent security risk is determined by identifying their level of access to our systems and data. Third parties with a high inherent risk or with access to sensitive data types undergo a review of their security controls, wherein LiveRamp reviews the third party’s responses to a security due diligence questionnaire, external audit reports, penetration test reports, and/or security policies. A residual score is then determined based on the third party’s controls and/or operational impact to LiveRamp. LiveRamp does not approve the use of any third parties with an inadequate security posture. For third parties handling personal information, LiveRamp also conducts legal and privacy due diligence to assess legal and privacy risks and apply mitigations where appropriate. LiveRamp security also conducts ongoing monitoring of existing third parties. On a cadence determined by the third party’s residual risk level, controls are re-evaluated to ensure that the security controls of the third party have not been diminished.

Item 2.  Properties

LiveRamp is headquartered in San Francisco, California with additional locations in the United States.  We also have a physical presence in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. As we have only one business segment, all of the properties listed below are used exclusively by it. In general, our facilities are in good condition, and we believe that they are adequate to meet our current needs. The table below sets forth the location, form of ownership and general use of our principal properties currently being used.

Location	Held	Use
United States:
San Francisco, California	Lease	Office space
New York, New York	Lease	Office space
Little Rock, Arkansas	Lease	Office space
Seattle, Washington	Lease	Office space
Europe:
London, England	Lease	Office space
Paris, France	Lease	Office space
Asia-Pacific:
Shanghai, China	Lease	Office space
Nantong, China	Lease	Office space
Singapore, Singapore	Lease	Office space
Tokyo, Japan	Lease	Office space
Sydney, Australia	Lease	Office space

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Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

The information required by this item is set forth under Note 13, "Commitments and Contingencies" to our Consolidated Financial Statements, which appears in the Financial Supplement at page F-46, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 

Market Information

The outstanding shares of LiveRamp's common stock are listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "RAMP".

Stockholders

As of May 17, 2024, the approximate number of record holders of the Company’s common stock was 945.

Dividends

The Company has not paid dividends on its common stock in the past two fiscal years. The board of directors may consider paying dividends in the future but has no plans to pay dividends in the short term. 

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Performance Graph

The graph below compares LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s cumulative 5-year total shareholder return on common stock with the cumulative total returns of the Russell 2000 index and S&P 400 IT Consulting and Other Services index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from March 31, 2019 to March 31, 2024.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*

Among LiveRamp Holdings, Inc., the Russell 2000 Index

and the S&P 400 IT Consulting & Other Services

*$100 invested on 3/31/19 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending March 31.

	March 2019	March 2020	March 2021	March 2022	March 2023	March 2024
LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.	100.00	60.33	95.07	68.52	40.19	63.22
Russell 2000	100.00	76.01	148.10	139.53	123.34	147.65
S&P 400 IT Consulting and Other Services	100.00	100.76	123.98	80.64	77.89	114.83

The performance graph and the related chart and text, are being furnished solely to accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K, and are not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of ours, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing. The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

Copyright© 2024 Standard and Poor's, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved. Copyright© 2024 Russell Investment Group. All rights reserved.

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Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The table below provides information regarding purchases by LiveRamp of its common stock during the periods indicated.

Period	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased	(b) Average Price Paid Per Share	(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1, 2024 - January 31, 2024	—	—	—	$	172,502,429
February 1, 2024 - February 29, 2024	405,000	37.48	405,000	$	157,324,984
March 1, 2024 - March 31, 2024	—	—	—	$	157,324,984
Total	405,000	37.48	405,000	N/A

On August 29, 2011, the board of directors adopted a common stock repurchase program. That program was subsequently modified and expanded, most recently on December 20, 2022.  Under the modified common stock repurchase program, the Company may purchase up to $1.1 billion of its common stock through the period ending December 31, 2024. Through March 31, 2024, the Company had repurchased 37.7 million shares of its common stock for $942.7 million, leaving remaining capacity of $157.3 million under the stock repurchase program.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The information required by this item appears in the Financial Supplement beginning at page F-2, which is attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our primary market risks are foreign currency exchange rate risk and inflation.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk. LiveRamp has a presence in the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, Brazil, India, Australia, China, Singapore and Japan. Most of the Company's exposure to exchange rate fluctuation is due to translation gains and losses. In general, each of the foreign locations is expected to fund its own operations and cash flows, although funds may be loaned or invested from the U.S. to the foreign subsidiaries. These advances are considered long-term investments, and any gain or loss resulting from exchange rates as well as gains or losses resulting from translating the foreign financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Therefore, exchange rate movements of foreign currencies may have an impact on the Company’s future costs or on future cash flows from foreign investments. The Company has not entered into any foreign currency forward exchange contracts or other derivative instruments to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Inflation. We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business. However, if our costs, in particular sales and marketing and hosting costs, were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

There have been no changes since the end of the last fiscal year in our primary market risk exposures or the management of those exposures, and we do not expect any changes going forward.

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Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The financial statements required by this item appear in the Financial Supplement beginning at page F-20, which is attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2024.  Based on their evaluation as of March 31, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) were effective at the reasonable assurance level to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the Annual Report on Form 10-K was (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and regulations and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud.  A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.  Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs.  Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, with LiveRamp have been detected.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended).

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies and procedures that:

•Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

•Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

•Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluations of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

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The Company’s management, with participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024.  In making this assessment, the Company’s management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013).

Based on management’s assessment and those criteria, the Company’s management determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2024.

The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report, which is included under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.  Other Information

a.On May 21, 2024, the Board approved an amendment and restatement of the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (as amended, the “Bylaws”) to address Rule 14a-19 promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act regarding the use of universal proxy cards. The Bylaws, which became effective immediately upon adoption, revised the advance notice provisions in Article II (Sections 15 and 16) of the Bylaws to, among other things: (i) require that a stockholder delivering a notice for the nomination of individuals for election to the Board must comply with Rule 14a-19; (ii) require stockholders to provide evidence and certification of compliance with Rule 14a-19; (iii) provide that the Company will disregard a stockholder nomination if the nominating stockholder fails to comply with the Bylaws or Rule 14a-19 or the nominating stockholder (or its qualified representative) fails to appear and present a nomination at the applicable stockholder meeting; (iv) provide the procedures for a stockholder to authorize a qualified representative to act on a stockholder’s behalf to present a nomination or proposal at a meeting of stockholders; (v) limit the number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election to the number of directors to be elected at such meeting; and (vi) specify that any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white.

The complete text of the Bylaws, as amended and restated, is attached hereto as Exhibit 3.2 and is incorporated herein by reference. The foregoing description of the Bylaws does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by Exhibit 3.2.

b. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, none of the Company's directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

Item 9C.  Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

39

Part III

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information concerning our executive officers is contained in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Information about our Executive Officers,” which is included there pursuant to Instruction to Item 401 of the SEC’s Regulation S-K.

The LiveRamp board of directors has adopted codes of ethics applicable to our principal executive, financial and accounting officers and all other persons performing similar functions.  Copies of these codes of ethics are posted on LiveRamp’s website at www.liveramp.com under the “Corporate Governance” section of the site.  Except as set forth above, the information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after March 31, 2024, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders. 

Item 11.  Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after March 31, 2024, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.

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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table contains information about our common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans as of March 31, 2024: 

Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights		Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights 2		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
	(a)		(b)		(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders	5,452,655	1	$	18.65	6,784,814	3
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders	—		—		41,983	4
Total	5,452,655		$	18.65	6,826,797

_____________________________________________

1.This amount does not include the number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights under equity compensation plans LiveRamp assumed in acquisitions (710,171 shares at a weighted-average exercise price of $8.57).

2.The weighted-average exercise price set forth in this column is calculated excluding outstanding restricted stock unit awards, since recipients are not required to pay an exercise price to receive the shares subject to these awards.

3.This amount represents shares of Common Stock available for future issuance under the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp, Inc. (5,875,734) (the "2005 Plan") and the LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. 2005 Stock Purchase Plan (909,080, including 104,942 shares subject to purchase during the current purchase period), which is an employee stock purchase plan covered by Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. The 2005 Plan is an equity compensation plan that permits awards of a variety of equity-based incentives, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards and other stock unit awards.

4.This amount represents shares available for issuance pursuant to the Company’s 2011 Non-qualified Equity Compensation Plan described below, which did not require shareholder approval under the exception provided for in applicable listing standards.

Equity Compensation Plan Not Approved by Security Holders 

The Company adopted the 2011 Non-qualified Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (the “2011 Plan”) for the purpose of making equity grants to induce new key executives to join the Company. The awards that may be made under the 2011 Plan include stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, RSU awards, performance awards, or other stock unit awards. To receive such an award, a person must be newly employed with the Company with the award being provided as an inducement material to their employment, provided the award is first properly approved by the board of directors or an independent committee of the board. The board of directors and its talent and compensation committee are the administrators of the 2011 Plan, and as such, determine all matters relating to awards granted under the 2011 Plan, including the eligible recipients, whether and to what extent awards are to be granted, the number of shares to be covered by each grant and the terms and conditions of the awards. The 2011 Plan has not been approved by the Company’s shareholders.

The remaining information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after March 31, 2024, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.

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Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after March 31, 2024, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.

Item 14.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after March 31, 2024, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.

42

Part IV

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC.
Date:  May 22, 2024	By:	/s/ Lauren Dillard
		Lauren Dillard
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(principal financial and accounting officer)

44

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature
/s/ John L. Battelle*	Director	May 22, 2024
John L. Battelle
/s/ Timothy R. Cadogan*	Director	May 22, 2024
Timothy R. Cadogan
/s/ Vivian Chow*	Director	May 22, 2024
Vivian Chow
/s/ Scott E. Howe*	Director and Chief Executive Officer	May 22, 2024
Scott E. Howe	(principal executive officer)
/s/ Clark M. Kokich*	Director (Non-Executive Chairman of the Board)	May 22, 2024
Clark M. Kokich
/s/ Brian O'Kelley*	Director	May 22, 2024
Brian O'Kelley
/s/ Omar Tawakol*	Director	May 22, 2024
Omar Tawakol
/s/ Debora B. Tomlin*	Director	May 22, 2024
Debora B. Tomlin
/s/ Lauren Dillard	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	May 22, 2024
Lauren Dillard	(principal financial and accounting officer)

*By:	/s/ Jerry C. Jones
	Jerry C. Jones
	Attorney-in-Fact

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Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this report:

1.  Financial Statements.

The following consolidated financial statements of the registrant and its subsidiaries included in the Financial Supplement and the Independent Auditors' Reports thereof are attached hereto.  Page references are to page numbers in the Financial Supplement.

	F-Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 185)	F-18
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and 2023	F-20
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022	F-21
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022	F-22
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022	F-23
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022	F-25
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-27

2.  Financial Statement Schedules.

All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or not required or because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

3.  Exhibits.

The following exhibits are filed with this report or are incorporated by reference to previously filed material.

 

Exhibit No.
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (previously filed on October 1, 2018 as Exhibit 3.1 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K, Commission File No. 001-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
3.2	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws
4.1	Description of Share Capital (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Commission File No. 001-38869, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.1+	LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (previously filed on August 11, 2022 as Exhibit 10.2 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K, Commission File No. 001-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)

46

Exhibit No.
10.2+	Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (previously filed on August 18, 2023 as Exhibit 10.1 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K, Commission file No. 001-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.3+	Amended and Restated LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Non-Qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan effective August 9, 2022 (previously filed on May 24, 2023 as Exhibit 10.3 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, Commission File No. 000-13163, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.4+	Amendment to the LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Non-Qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan effective January 1, 2023 (previously filed on May 24, 2023 as Exhibit 10.4 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, Commission File No. 000-13163, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.5+	LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan effective October 1, 2018 (previously filed on May 27, 2021 as Exhibit 10.15 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2021, Commission File No. 000-13163, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.6+	Amended and Restated 2010 Executive Cash Incentive Plan of Acxiom Corporation (previously filed on May 27, 2015 as Exhibit 10.6 to Acxiom Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, Commission File No. 000-13163, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.7+	Amended and Restated 2010 Executive Officer Severance Policy effective November 14, 2023 (previously filed on February 8, 2024 as Exhibit 10.1 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023, Commission File No. 001-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.8+	Amended and Restated 2011 Nonqualified Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (previously filed on October 2, 2018, as Exhibit 99.8 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8, Registration No. 333-214927, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.9+	Habu, Inc. 2018 Stock Plan (previously filed on March 1, 2024, as Exhibit 4.3 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, Registration No. 333-277604, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.10+	Form of Stock Option Grant Agreement under the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan of Acxiom Corporation (previously filed on May 26, 2017 as Exhibit 10.16 to Acxiom Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Commission File No. 000-13163, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.11+	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (previously filed on May 26, 2020 as Exhibit 10.18 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Commission File No. 001-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.12+	Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement under the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (previously filed on May 26, 2020 as Exhibit 10.19 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Commission File No. 001-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.13+	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2011 Nonqualified Equity Compensation Plan of Acxiom Corporation (previously filed on May 26, 2017 as Exhibit 10.18 to Acxiom Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Commission File No. 000-13163, and incorporated herein by reference)

47

Exhibit No.
10.14+	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (CA) (previously filed on May 24, 2022 as Exhibit 10.31 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, Commission File No. 000-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.15+	Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement under the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (CA) (previously filed on May 24, 2022 as Exhibit 10.32 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, Commission File No. 000-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.16+	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (previously filed on May 24, 2022 as Exhibit 10.33 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, Commission File No. 000-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.17+	Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement under the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (previously filed on May 24, 2022 as Exhibit 10.34 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, Commission File No. 000-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.18+	Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement under the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (CA) (previously filed on May 24, 2023 as Exhibit 10.22 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, Commission file No. 000-13163, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.19+	Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement under the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (previously filed on May 24, 2023 as Exhibit 10.23 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, Commission file No. 000-13163, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.20+	Employment Agreement by and between Acxiom Corporation and Scott E. Howe dated as of February 14, 2018 (previously filed on May 25, 2018 as Exhibit 10.22 to Acxiom Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Commission File No. 000-13163, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.21+	Form of Director Indemnity Agreement (previously filed on May 25, 2018 as Exhibit 10.26 to Acxiom Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Commission File No. 000-13163, and incorporated by reference)
10.22+	Form of Officer and Key Employee Indemnity Agreement (previously filed on May 29, 2019 as Exhibit 10.25 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Commission File No. 001-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.23+	Separation Agreement and General Release between the Company and Warren C. Jenson dated as of February 20, 2023 (previously filed on February 21, 2023 as Exhibit 10.1 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K, Commission file No. 001-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.24+	Consulting Agreement between the Company and Warren C. Jenson dated as of February 20, 2023 (previously filed on February 21, 2023 as Exhibit 10.2 to LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K, Commission file No. 001-38669, and incorporated herein by reference)
19	LiveRamp Insider Stock Trading Policy
21	Subsidiaries of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.
23	Consent of KPMG LLP

48

Exhibit No.
24	Powers of Attorney
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer) pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer) pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
97	LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Clawback Policy
101	The following financial information from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, formatted in inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and 2023; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022; (v)  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022; and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged in detail.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

+ Constitutes a management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.

49

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL SUPPLEMENT

TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2024

 

	F-Page
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	F-2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 185)	F-18
Annual Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and 2023	F-20
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022	F-21
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022	F-22
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022	F-23
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022	F-25
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-27

F-1

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included in Item 8 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, beliefs, and expectations, and involve risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in the section titled "Item 1A. Risk Factors."

We begin Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations with an introduction and overview, including our operating segment, sources of revenue, summary results and notable events. This overview is followed by a summary of our critical accounting policies and estimates that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results. We then provide a more detailed analysis of our results of operations and financial condition.

Introduction and Overview

LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. ("LiveRamp", "we", "us", or the "Company") is a global technology company that helps companies build enduring brand and business value by collaborating responsibly with data. A groundbreaking leader in consumer privacy, data ethics and foundational identity, LiveRamp offers a connected customer view with clarity and context while protecting brand and consumer trust. Our best-in-class enterprise platform enables data collaboration, where companies can share first-party consumer data with trusted business partners securely and in a privacy conscious manner. We offer flexibility to collaborate wherever data lives to support a wide range of data collaboration use cases—within organizations, between brands, and across our global network of premier partners. Global innovators, from iconic consumer brands and tech platforms to retailers, financial services, and healthcare leaders, turn to LiveRamp to deepen customer engagement and loyalty, activate new partnerships, and maximize the value of their first-party data while staying on the forefront of rapidly evolving compliance and privacy requirements.

LiveRamp is a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “RAMP.” We serve a global customer base from locations in the United States, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) region. Our direct customer list includes many of the world’s best-known and most innovative brands across most major industry verticals, including but not limited to financial, insurance and investment services, retail, automotive, telecommunications, high tech, consumer packaged goods, healthcare, travel, entertainment and non-profit. Through our expansive partner ecosystem we serve thousands of additional companies, unlocking access to unique customer moments and creating powerful network effects.

Operating Segment

The Company operates as one operating segment. An operating segment is defined as a component of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker. Our chief operating decision maker evaluates our financial information and resources and assesses the performance of these resources on a consolidated basis. Since we operate as one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in the consolidated financial statements.

Sources of Revenues

LiveRamp recognizes revenue from the following sources: (i) Subscription revenue, which consists primarily of subscription fees from customers accessing our platform; and (ii) Marketplace and Other revenue, which primarily consists of revenue-sharing fees generated from data transactions through our LiveRamp Data Marketplace, transactional usage-based revenue from arrangements with certain publishers and addressable TV providers, and professional services fees.

F-2

/LiveRamp Data Collaboration Platform

As depicted in the graphic below, we power the industry’s leading enterprise platform for data collaboration. We enable organizations to access and leverage data more effectively across the applications they use to interact with their customers. At the core of our platform is an omnichannel, deterministic identity resolution technology that offers unparalleled accuracy, breadth, and depth. Leveraging deep expertise in data collaboration, the /LiveRamp Data Collaboration Platform enables an organization to unify customer and prospect data (first-, second-, or third-party) to build a single view of the customer in a way that protects consumer privacy. First-party data is data collected firsthand through a company's controlled channels. Second-party data is data that a company shares directly with a trusted business partner. Third-party data is data collected and sold by a company through an online data marketplace to companies with which it does not have a direct relationship. This single customer view can then be connected across any of the 500 partners in our ecosystem in order to support a variety of people-based marketing solutions.

The /LiveRamp Data Collaboration Platform provides customers with four core capabilities:

•Live/Identity. We provide enterprise identity infrastructure that resolves disparate consumer identities across different internal and external systems to create an accurate, connected view of the customer. Our approach to identity is built from two complementary graphs, combining offline data and online data and providing accuracy with a focus on privacy. LiveRamp technology for directly identifiable information (or "DII") gives brands and platforms the ability to connect and update what they know about consumers, resolving DII across enterprise databases and systems to deliver better customer experiences. Our digital identity graph, powered by our Authenticated Traffic Solution (or "ATS"), associates pseudonymous device IDs, TV IDs and other online customer IDs from premium publishers, platforms or data providers, around a RampIDTM, a durable and privacy-centric connector to the digital ecosystem. This provides marketers with a consistent view of the consumer that is necessary for personalized segmentation, targeting, and measurement. There are currently more than 165 supply-side platforms and demand-side platforms live or committed to bid on RampID and ATS. In addition, to date more than 21,000 publisher domains and 75% of the comScore 100 publishers have integrated ATS worldwide.

•Live/Access. Our Data Marketplace provides customers with simplified access to industry-leading third-party data providers globally. The /LiveRamp Data Collaboration Platform allows for the search, discovery and distribution of data provided by third-party data providers to improve targeting, measurement, and customer intelligence. Data accessed through the LiveRamp Data Marketplace is connected via RampID and is utilized to enrich our customers’ first-party data and can be leveraged across technology and media platforms, agencies, analytics environments, and TV partners. Our platform also provides tools for data providers to manage the organization, distribution, and operation of their data and services across our network of customers and partners. Today we work with more than 200 data providers across all verticals and data types (see below for discussion on Marketplace and Other).

•Live/Connectivity. We enable organizations to leverage their customer and prospect data in the digital and TV ecosystems and across the customer experience applications they use through a safe and secure data matching process called data onboarding. Our technology ingests a customer’s first-party data, removes all DII, and replaces it with a pseudonymized RampID. RampID can then be distributed through direct integrations to the top platforms our customers work with, including leading marketing cloud providers, publishers and social networks, personalization tools, and connected TV services. We connect data across an ecosystem of more than 500 partners, representing one of the largest networks of connections in the digital marketplace.

F-3

•Live/Insights. Data Collaboration enables advanced measurement and analytics that helps produce insight-driven innovation. We enable trusted data collaboration between organizations and their trusted partners in a neutral, manageable environment. Our platform provides customers with collaborative opportunities to safely and securely build a more accurate, dynamic view of their customers by leveraging partner data. We power more accurate, more complete measurement with the measurement vendors and partners our customers use. Our platform allows customers to combine disparate data files, typically advertising exposure and customer sales transactions, replacing customer identifiers with RampID. Customers then can use that aggregated view of each customer to measure reach and frequency, sales lift, closed loop offline-to-online conversion and cross-channel attribution.

Subscription

We primarily charge for our platform services on an annual basis. Our subscription pricing is based primarily on data volume, which is a function of data input records and connection points.

Our solutions are sold to enterprise marketers and the companies they partner with to execute their marketing, including agencies, marketing technology providers, publishers and data providers. Today, we work with 900 direct customers world-wide and serve thousands of additional customers indirectly through our reseller partnership arrangements.

F-4

•Brands and Agencies. We work with over 500 of the largest brands and agencies in the world, helping them execute people-based marketing by creating an omni-channel understanding of the consumer and activating that understanding across their choice of best-of-breed digital marketing platforms.

•Marketing Technology Providers. We provide marketing technology providers with the identity foundation required to offer people-based targeting, measurement and personalization within their platforms. This adds value for brands by increasing audience reach, as well as the speed at which they can activate their marketing data.

•Publishers. We enable publishers of any size to offer people-based marketing on their properties. This adds value for brands by providing direct access to their customers and prospects in the publisher's premium inventory.

•Data Sellers. Leveraging our vast network of integrations, we allow data sellers to easily connect to the digital ecosystem and monetize their own data. Data can be distributed to customers or made available through the LiveRamp Data Marketplace feature. This adds value for brands as it allows them to augment their understanding of consumers and increase their understanding of customers and prospects.

Marketplace and Other

As we have scaled the LiveRamp network and technology, we have found additional ways to leverage our platform, deliver more value to customers and create incremental revenue streams. Leveraging our common identity system and broad integration network, the Data Marketplace seamlessly connects data sellers’ audience data across the marketing ecosystem. The Data Marketplace enables data sellers to easily monetize their data across hundreds of marketing platforms and publishers. At the same time, it provides a single platform where data buyers, including platforms and publishers, in addition to brands and their agencies, access third-party data from data sellers supporting all industries and encompassing all types of data. Data providers include sources and brands exclusive to LiveRamp, emerging platforms with access to previously unavailable deterministic data, and data partnerships enabled by our platform.

We generate revenue from the Data Marketplace primarily through revenue-sharing arrangements with data sellers that are monetizing their data assets via our marketplace platform service. We also generate Marketplace and Other revenue through transactional usage-based arrangements with certain publishers and addressable TV providers. Data Marketplace revenue is recognized net of the share of revenue earned by the data seller.

To complement our product offering, we provide professional services and enhanced support entitlements to help customers leverage our platform and drive business outcomes. Our services offering includes product implementation, data science analytics, audience measurement and general advisory. We generate revenue from services primarily from project fees paid by subscribers to our platform. Service projects are sold on an ad hoc basis as well as bundled with platform subscriptions. Professional services revenue is approximately 3% of total Company revenue.

F-5

Summary Results and Notable Events

On January 31, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of Habu, a data clean room software provider that works with global brands and companies to securely share first-party customer data with business partners and publishers to enable more effective and personalized marketing. This acquisition empowers the Company to deliver scale and simplicity to our customers. Through our combined offering, companies will have one, simple platform to measure campaigns across all walled gardens, programmatic, and media channels while connecting data seamlessly across any cloud, warehouse, or clean room. The results of operations for Habu since the closing date have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. The acquisition date fair value of the consideration for Habu was approximately $173.4 million. The aggregate value of merger consideration with respect to assumed unvested stock options and consideration holdback amounts under holdback agreements with certain key employees is expected to equal approximately $26 million and will be reported as non-cash stock compensation over the applicable vesting periods. In connection with the acquisition, the Company assumed approximately $16 million of unvested restricted stock units to induce certain employees of Habu to accept employment with the Company.

A financial summary of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in fiscal 2023 is presented below:

•Revenues were $659.7 million, a 10.6% increase from $596.6 million.

•Cost of revenue was $179.5 million, a 5.5% increase from $170.1 million.

•Gross margin increased to 72.8% from 71.5%.

•Total operating expenses were $468.8 million, a 15.1% decrease from $552.3 million.

•Cost of revenue and operating expenses for fiscal 2024 and 2023 included the following items:

◦Non-cash stock compensation of $71.3 million and $125.8 million, respectively (cost of revenue of $3.6 million and $6.3 million, respectively, and operating expenses of $67.8 million and $119.5 million, respectively)

◦Purchased intangible asset amortization of $8.8 million and $16.8 million, respectively (cost of revenue)

◦Transformation costs of $1.9 million and $9.0 million, respectively (general and administrative)

◦Restructuring and other charges of $11.6 million and $35.3 million, respectively (gains, losses, and other items, net)

•Total other income, net was $23.0 million, an increase of $16.0 million from $6.9 million.

•Net earnings were $11.9 million, or $0.17 per diluted share compared to net loss of $118.7 million, or $1.79 per diluted share.

•Net cash provided by operating activities was $105.7 million compared to $34.4 million.

•The Company repurchased 2.1 million shares of its common stock for $60.5 million compared to 6.1 million shares for $150.0 million under the Company's common stock repurchase program.

This summary and the following discussion and analysis highlight financial results as well as other significant events and transactions of the Company during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in fiscal 2023, unless otherwise stated. Discussion and analysis for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period ended March 31, 2022 may be found in the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 24, 2023.

F-6

Critical Accounting Policies

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), and we consider the various staff accounting bulletins and other applicable guidance issued by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). GAAP, as set forth within the ASC, requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Note 1 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements includes a summary of significant accounting policies used in the preparation of LiveRamp’s consolidated financial statements. Of those policies, we have identified the following as the most critical because they are both important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and operating results, and they may require management to make judgments and estimates about inherently uncertain matters:

•Revenue Recognition

•Accounting for Income Taxes

•Business Combinations

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s policy follows the guidance from ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

LiveRamp recognizes revenue from the following sources: (i) Subscription revenue, which consists primarily of subscription fees from customers accessing our LiveRamp platform; and (ii) Marketplace and Other revenue, which primarily consists of revenue-sharing fees generated from access to data through our LiveRamp Data Marketplace, professional services including product implementation, data science analytics and audience measurement, transactional usage-based revenue from arrangements with certain publishers and addressable TV providers, and professional services fees.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•Determination of the transaction price;

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied.

Identification of the contract

We consider the terms and conditions of the contract and our customary business practices when identifying our contracts under ASC 606. We determine we have a contract or contract modification with a customer when the contract is approved and the parties are committed to performing their respective obligations, we can identify each party's rights regarding the services to be transferred, we can identify the payment terms for the services, we have determined the contract has commercial substance, and we have determined that collection of at least some of the contract consideration is probable. At contract inception we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as a single contract and whether the single or combined contract includes one or multiple performance obligations. We apply judgment in determining the customer's ability to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer's historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

F-7

Identification of the performance obligations

As part of accounting for arrangements with multiple performance obligations, we must assess whether each performance obligation is distinct. A good or service that is promised to a customer is distinct if the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and a company's promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. We have determined that our subscriptions to the platform are a distinct performance obligation and access to data for revenue-sharing and usage-based arrangements is a distinct performance obligation because, once a customer has access to the platform, the service is fully functional and does not require any additional development, modification, or customization.

Determination of the transaction price

The transaction price is the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring services to a customer, excluding sales taxes that are collected on behalf of government agencies. Variable consideration is assessed and included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of our contracts contain a significant financing component.

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on the standalone selling price ("SSP") of each service. We generally determine the SSP based on contractual selling prices when the obligation is sold on a standalone basis, as well as market conditions, competition, and pricing practices. As pricing and marketing strategies evolve, we may modify our pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes to SSP.

Recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied

Revenues are recognized when or as control of the promised services is transferred to customers. Subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the subscription period beginning on the date the services are made available to customers. Marketplace and other revenue is typically transactional in nature, tied to a revenue share or volumes purchased. We report revenue from Data Marketplace and other similar transactions on a net basis because our performance obligation is to facilitate a transaction between data providers and data buyers, for which we earn a portion of the gross fee. Consequently, the portion of the gross amount billed to data buyers that is remitted to data providers is not reflected as revenues. We generate revenue from Services primarily from project fees paid by subscribers to our platform. Service projects are sold on an ad hoc basis as well as bundled with platform subscriptions.

Accounting for Income Taxes

The Company makes estimates and judgments in determining the provision for income taxes for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of tax credits, benefits, and deductions, and in the calculation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities that arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes, as well as the interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Significant changes in these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to the tax provision in a subsequent period. The Company assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. If recovery is not likely, the Company increases the provision for taxes by recording a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that it estimates will not ultimately be recoverable.

F-8

The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process pursuant to ASC 740, Income Taxes. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining whether the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. If the Company determines that a tax position will more likely than not be sustained on audit, the second step requires the Company to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as the Company must determine the probability of various outcomes.

The Company re-evaluates these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors such as changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, new audit activity, and effectively settled issues. Determining whether an uncertain tax position is effectively settled requires judgment. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.

Business Combinations

We apply the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations, in accounting for acquisitions. ASC 805 requires us to determine if assets or a business was acquired. If a business was acquired, it requires us to recognize separately from goodwill the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments resulting from new information about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date and falls within the measurement period to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.

F-9

Key Performance Metrics

In addition to measures of financial performance presented in our consolidated financial statements, we monitor the key metrics set forth below to help us evaluate revenue growth trends, establish budgets and measure the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts. The below data is presented in millions, except for percentages.

							% Change
	March 31, 2024			March 31, 2023			March 31, 2024 from March 31, 2023		March 31, 2023 from March 31, 2022
Subscription net retention	103		%	97		%	6.2	%	(12.6)	%
Annualized recurring revenue	$	466.7		$	423.8		10.1	%	6.1	%
Remaining performance obligation	$	566.1		$	470.9		20.2	%	19.5	%
Current remaining performance obligation	$	414.3		$	337.6		22.7	%	9.4	%
Subscription CRPO	$	367.8		$	295.4		24.5	%	5.7	%

Subscription Net Retention

Subscription net retention (“SNR”) is defined as the current quarter subscription revenue (net) from customers who have been on our platform for one year or more, divided by the prior year quarter subscription revenue (net), inclusive of upsell, churn (lost contract), downsell (contract reduction), and variable revenue changes. SNR excludes revenue from new customers that have not been on our platform for one year or more. We believe our SNR is an important metric that provides insight into the long-term value of our subscription agreements and our ability to retain and grow revenue from our subscription customer base. SNR rate is an operational metric and there is no comparable GAAP financial measure to which we can reconcile this particular key metric.

SNR at March 31, 2024 compared to March 31, 2023 was up 6.2%. Increasing levels of customer upsell and usage revenue was the primary contributor to the improvement. The acquisition of Habu contributed approximately 2 percentage points to the current growth period.

Annualized Recurring Revenue

Annualized Recurring Revenue (“ARR”) is defined as the last month of quarter recurring revenue annualized. Recurring revenue is fixed and contracted subscription revenue and does not include any variable or non-recurring revenue amounts. We believe ARR provides important information about our future revenue potential, our ability to acquire new customers, and our ability to maintain and expand our relationship with existing customers. ARR is not a forecast of future revenue, which can be impacted by contract start and end dates and renewal rates. ARR should be viewed independently of revenue and deferred revenue as ARR is an operating metric and is not intended to be combined with or replace these items. Our use of ARR has limitations as an analytical tool, and investors should not consider it in isolation. Other companies in our industry may calculate ARR differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Our ARR growth of 10.1% was attributable to both new customer revenue and net growth (upsell revenue less downsell and churn) in existing customer revenue. The increasing growth rate compared to the 6.1% growth in the previous year is due to improvement in net growth in existing customer revenue. The acquisition of Habu contributed approximately 3 percentage points to the current growth period.

Remaining Performance Obligations and Current Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations (“RPO”) is defined as all future revenue under contract that has not yet been recognized as revenue. Future invoicing is determined to be certain when we have an executed non-cancellable contract or a significant penalty that is due upon cancellation, and invoicing is not dependent on a future event such as the delivery of a specific new product or feature, or the achievement of contractual contingencies. Current RPO ("CRPO") represents RPO to be recognized over the next twelve months. Subscription CRPO represents CRPO associated with subscription-only RPO to be recognized over the next twelve months.

F-10

While the Company believes RPO, CRPO, and Subscription CRPO are leading indicators of revenue as they represent sales activity not yet recognized in revenue, they are not necessarily indicative of future revenue growth as they are influenced by several factors, including seasonality of contract renewal timing and average contract terms. The Company monitors RPO, CRPO, and Subscription CRPO to manage the business and evaluate performance. RPO increased due to several large, multi-year renewals. CRPO and Subscription CRPO growth was due to new customer additions, as well as the multi-year renewals. RPO growth also included approximately $9 million from the acquisition of Habu.

F-11

Results of Operations

A summary of selected financial information for each of the periods reported is presented below (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

	For the twelve months ended
	March 31,
					%
	2024		2023		Change
Revenues	$	659,661	$	596,583	11
Cost of revenue	179,489		170,084		6
Gross profit	480,172		426,499		13
Total operating expenses	468,768		552,299		(15)
Income (loss) from operations	11,404		(125,800)		109
Total other income, net	22,957		6,946		231
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$	10,091	$	(124,106)	108
Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations	$	0.15	$	(1.87)	108

Revenues

The Company's revenues for each of the periods reported is presented below (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended
	March 31,
					%
	2024		2023		Change
Revenues:
Subscription	$	513,641	$	482,807	6
Marketplace and Other	146,020		113,776		28
Total revenues	$	659,661	$	596,583	11

Total revenues for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 were $659.7 million, a $63.1 million or 10.6% increase compared to the same period a year ago. The increase was due to revenue growth in both Subscription and Marketplace and Other. Subscription revenue growth was $30.8 million, or 6.4%, primarily due to upsell to existing customers, new logo deals and higher variable revenue of $9.8 million. Additionally, the acquisition of Habu contributed $1.8 million to Subscription revenue growth. Subscription revenue in the prior year included a one-time $4.0 million positive revenue impact stemming from a customer contract settlement. Marketplace and Other revenue growth was $32.2 million, or 28.3%, primarily due to Data Marketplace and Services volume growth. On a geographic basis, U.S. revenue increased $62.3 million, or 11.2%. International revenue increased $0.8 million, or 1.9%. The differences in exchange rates in the current year compared to those in the prior year favorably impacted international revenue growth by approximately 2 percentage points.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

The Company’s cost of revenue and gross profit for each of the periods reported is presented below (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended
	March 31,
							%
	2024			2023			Change
Cost of revenue	$	179,489		$	170,084		6
Gross profit	$	480,172		$	426,499		13
Gross margin (%)	72.8		%	71.5		%	2

F-12

Cost of revenue includes third-party direct costs including identity graph data, other data and cloud-based hosting costs, as well as costs of IT, security and product operations functions. Cost of revenue also includes amortization of acquisition-related intangibles.

Cost of revenue was $179.5 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, a $9.4 million, or 5.5%, increase from the same period a year ago. Gross margins increased to 72.8% from 71.5% in the prior year due to revenue increases and lower purchased intangible amortization (decreased $8.0 million) partially offset by an increase in cost of revenue primarily from increases in services costs (increased $8.8 million) due to higher services revenue, and cloud infrastructure costs (increased $5.8 million). U.S. gross margins increased to 74.2% from 72.8%, and International gross margins decreased to 44.7% from 53.6%.

Operating Expenses

The Company’s operating expenses for each of the periods reported is presented below (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended
	March 31,
					%
	2024		2023		Change
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	151,201	$	189,195	(20)
Sales and marketing	195,693		202,437		(3)
General and administrative	110,166		125,351		(12)
Gains, losses and other items, net	11,708		35,316		(67)
Total operating expenses	$	468,768	$	552,299	(15)

Research and development (“R&D”) expense includes operating expenses for the Company’s engineering and product/project management functions supporting research, new development, and related product enhancement.

R&D expenses were $151.2 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $38.0 million, or 20.1%, compared to the same period a year ago, and are 22.9% of total revenues compared to 31.7% in the prior year. The decrease is primarily due to stock-based compensation expense (decreased $28.2 million) and headcount related costs (employee-related expenses decreased $4.0 million primarily as a result of the headcount reduction that occurred in the quarter ended December 31, 2022). The decrease in stock-based compensation is primarily due to the prior year-end accelerated vesting of awards that would have otherwise vested over the first six months of this year to take advantage of cash tax savings opportunities.

Sales and marketing (“S&M”) expense includes operating expenses for the Company’s sales, marketing, and product marketing functions. S&M expense also includes credit losses.

S&M expenses were $195.7 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $6.7 million, or 3.3%, compared to the same period a year ago, and are 29.7% of total revenues compared to 33.9% in the prior year. The decrease is primarily due to stock-based compensation expense (decreased $10.5 million), marketing expenses (decreased $1.2 million) and professional services (decreased $1.0 million), partially offset by headcount costs (employee-related expenses increased $6.6 million primarily due to higher incentive compensation costs). The decrease in stock-based compensation is primarily due to the prior year-end accelerated vesting of awards that would have otherwise vested over the first six months of this year to take advantage of cash tax savings opportunities.

General and administrative ("G&A") expense represents operating expenses for the Company's finance, human resources, legal, corporate IT, and other corporate administrative functions.

F-13

G&A expenses were $110.2 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $15.2 million, or 12.1%, compared to the same period a year ago, and are 16.7% of total revenues compared to 21.0% in the prior year. The decrease is primarily due to stock-based compensation expense (decreased $13.0 million), transformation costs (decreased $7.1 million), and professional services (decreased $1.7 million), offset partially by higher employee-related expenses (increased $8.3 million primarily due to increased incentive compensation costs). The decrease in stock-based compensation is primarily due to the prior year-end accelerated vesting of awards that would have otherwise vested over the first six months of this year to take advantage of cash tax savings opportunities and current period forfeitures. Transformation costs are third-party costs incurred during the prior year associated with the assessment of strategic and operating plans, including the Company’s long-term location strategy, in response to macroeconomic conditions.

Gains, losses, and other items, net represents restructuring costs and other adjustments.

Gains, losses and other items, net was $11.7 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $23.6 million compared to the same period a year ago. The current year amount includes $4.2 million related to termination benefits for employees whose positions were or will be eliminated, $2.9 million related to the impairment of APAC goodwill, $2.8 million of third-party merger costs associated with the Habu acquisition, and $1.8 million in lease impairments and restructuring. The prior year amount includes $27.5 million in lease impairments and restructuring related to a downsizing of our real estate footprint, and $7.8 million related to termination benefits for employees whose positions were eliminated.

Income (Loss) from Operations and Operating Margin

Income from operations was $11.4 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 compared to a loss from operations of $125.8 million in the same period a year ago. Operating margin was positive 1.7% compared to negative 21.1% in the prior year. Margins were positively impacted by revenue growth, and operating expense reductions related to the prior year headcount reduction, reduced stock-based compensation due to prior year accelerated vesting of awards, and lower gains, losses and other items.

Total Other Income (Expense) and Income Taxes

Total other income was $23.0 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $6.9 million in the same period a year ago. The increase is primarily attributable to higher interest rates on invested cash and short-term investments, and a $4.1 million impairment of a strategic investment in the prior year.

Income tax expense was $24.3 million on pretax income of $34.4 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, resulting in a 71% effective tax rate. This compares to a prior year income tax expense of $5.3 million on pretax loss of $118.9 million, or a negative 4% effective tax rate. Tax expense for both periods reflects the impact of the capitalization of research and development expenditures in accordance with IRC Section 174.

Discontinued Operations

Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax, was $1.8 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $5.4 million in the same period a year ago. During fiscal 2019, the Company completed the sale of its Acxiom Marketing Solutions ("AMS") business, and the business qualified for treatment as discontinued operations. Significant income taxes were incurred and paid on the gain from the sale of AMS. During fiscal 2024 and 2023, the Company recovered certain previously paid state income taxes arising from the sale of AMS.

F-14

Capital Resources and Liquidity

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are primarily located in the United States.  At March 31, 2024, approximately $18.5 million of the total cash balance of $336.9 million, or approximately 5.5%, was located outside of the United States. The Company has no current plans to repatriate this cash to the United States.

Net accounts receivable balances were $190.3 million at March 31, 2024, an increase of $32.9 million, compared to $157.4 million at March 31, 2023. Days sales outstanding ("DSO"), a measurement of the time it takes to collect receivables, was 101 days at March 31, 2024, compared to 95 days at March 31, 2023. DSO can fluctuate due to the timing and nature of contracts that lead to up-front billings related to deferred revenue on services not yet performed, and Data Marketplace contracts, which are billed on a gross basis, recognized on a net basis, but for which the amount that is due to data sellers is not reflected as an offset to accounts receivable. Compared to March 31, 2023, DSO at March 31, 2024 was negatively impacted by approximately 5 days by the increased impact of Data Marketplace gross accounts receivable. All customer accounts are actively managed, and no losses in excess of amounts reserved are currently expected.

Working capital at March 31, 2024 totaled $385.5 million, a $154.3 million decrease when compared to $539.7 million at March 31, 2023. On January 31, 2024, the Company closed its acquisition of Habu, which included the payment of approximately $170.3 million in cash at closing.

Management believes that the Company's existing available cash will be sufficient to meet the Company's working capital and capital expenditure requirements for the foreseeable future. However, in light of the risk of recession, the military conflicts in Europe and the Middle East, cost increases, rising interest rates, capital markets volatility, bank failures and general inflationary pressures, our liquidity position may change due to the inability to collect from our customers, inability to raise new capital via issuance of equity or debt, and disruption in completing repayments or disbursements to our creditors. We have historically taken and may continue to take advantage of opportunities to generate additional liquidity through capital market transactions. These impacts have caused significant disruptions to the global financial markets, which could increase the cost of capital and adversely impact our ability to raise additional capital, which could negatively affect our liquidity in the future. The amount, nature, and timing of any capital market transactions will depend on our operating performance and other circumstances; our then-current commitments and obligations; the amount, nature, and timing of our capital requirements; and overall market conditions. If we are unable to raise funds as and when we need them, we may be forced to curtail our operations.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods reported (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	105,656	$	34,441
Net cash provided by used in investing activities	$	(173,680)	$	(28,999)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(59,115)	$	(146,010)
Net cash provided by discontinued operations	$	1,790	$	5,404

Operating Activities

Our cash flows from operating activities are primarily influenced by growth in our operations, increases or decreases in collections from our customers, and related payments to our suppliers and employees. The timing of cash receipts from customers and payments to suppliers can significantly impact our cash flows from operating activities. Our collection and payment cycles can vary from period to period.

F-15

In the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, net cash provided by operating activities of $105.7 million resulted primarily from net earnings adjusted for non-cash items of $100.6 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $5.1 million. Net cash provided by changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily related to a $29.2 million Internal Revenue Service refund related to fiscal 2021, an increase in accounts payable and other liabilities of $8.5 million and an increase in deferred revenue of $8.3 million, offset partially by an increase in accounts receivable of $32.3 million and an increase in deferred commissions of $11.1 million. The change in accounts payable and other liabilities is primarily due to the increased accrual of annual incentive compensation and the timing of payments to suppliers. The change in accounts receivable is primarily due to revenue growth and the timing of cash receipts from customers.

In the twelve months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities of $34.4 million resulted primarily from net loss adjusted for non-cash items of $55.9 million offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $21.4 million. Net cash used by changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily related to an increase in accounts receivable of $12.1 million and an increase in accounts payable and other liabilities of $15.4 million. The change in accounts receivable is primarily due to revenue growth and the timing of cash receipts from customers. The change in accounts payable and other liabilities is primarily due to the accrual of annual incentive compensation and the timing of payments to suppliers.

Investing Activities

Our primary investing activities have primarily consisted of business acquisitions, capital expenditures and purchases and sales of investments. Capital expenditures may vary from period to period due to the timing of the expansion of our operations, the addition of new headcount, new facilities, and acquisitions.

In the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in investing activities consisted of the acquisition of Habu of $170.3 million, capital expenditures of $4.3 million, purchases of strategic investments of $1.0 million, and purchases of investments of $48.9 million, partially offset by the proceeds from the sale of investments of $50.8 million.

In the twelve months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities consisted of capital expenditures of $4.7 million, purchases of investments of $28.2 million, purchases of strategic investments of $0.5 million, offset partially by proceeds from the sale of investments of $3.0 million and the sale of a strategic investment of $1.4 million.

Financing Activities

Our financing activities have consisted of acquisition of treasury stock, proceeds from our equity compensation plans, and shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of stock-based awards.

In the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities was $59.1 million, consisting of the acquisition of treasury shares pursuant to the board of directors' approved stock repurchase plan of $60.5 million (2.1 million shares) and $5.8 million for shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of stock-based awards. These uses of cash were partially offset by proceeds of $7.2 million from the sale of common stock from our equity compensation plans.

In the twelve months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $146.0 million, consisting of the acquisition of treasury shares pursuant to the board of directors' approved stock repurchase plan of $150.0 million (6.1 million shares), and $2.3 million for shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of stock-based awards. These uses of cash were partially offset by proceeds of $6.3 million from the sale of common stock from our equity compensation plans.

F-16

Common Stock Repurchase Program

On December 20, 2022, the Company's board of directors approved an amendment to the existing common stock repurchase program, which was initially adopted in 2011. The amendment authorized an additional $100.0 million in share repurchases, increasing the total amount authorized for repurchase under the common stock repurchase program to $1.1 billion. In addition, it extended the common stock repurchase program duration through December 31, 2024.

During the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 2.1 million shares of its common stock for $60.5 million under the modified common stock repurchase program.  Through March 31, 2024, the Company had repurchased a total of 37.7 million shares of its common stock for $942.7 million under the program, leaving remaining capacity of $157.3 million.

Pursuant to the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the "Act"), share repurchases made after December 31, 2022 are subject to a 1% excise tax. In determining the total taxable value of shares repurchased, a deduction is allowed for the fair market value of any newly issued shares during the fiscal year. The excise tax and other corporate income tax changes included in the Act did not have, and are not expected to have, a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Contractual Commitments

The following tables present the Company’s contractual cash obligations and purchase commitments at March 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands). Operating leases primarily consist of our various office facilities. Purchase commitments primarily include contractual commitments for the purchase of data, hosting services, software-as-a-service arrangements, and leasehold improvements. The tables do not include the future payment of liabilities related to uncertain tax positions of $25.3 million as the Company is not able to predict the periods in which the payments will be made.

	For the years ending March 31,
	2025		2026		2027		2028		2029		Thereafter		Total
Operating leases	$	10,282	$	8,668	$	8,265	$	8,454	$	8,529	$	4,299	$	48,497

Future minimum payments as of March 31, 2024 related to restructuring plans as a result of the Company's exit from certain leased office facilities are (dollars in thousands): Fiscal 2025: $2,698; and Fiscal 2026: $1,799.

	For the years ending March 31,
	2025		2026		2027		2028		Total
Purchase commitments	$	88,432	$	17,226	$	4,606	$	3,375	$	113,639

While the Company does not have any other material contractual commitments for capital expenditures, certain levels of investments in facilities and computer equipment continue to be necessary to support the growth of the business. 

For a description of certain risks that could have an impact on results of operations or financial condition, including liquidity and capital resources, see “Risk Factors” contained in Part I, Item 1A, of this Annual Report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information on recent accounting pronouncements, see “Accounting Pronouncements Adopted During the Current Year" and “Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted” under Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements accompanying this report.

F-17

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.:

Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide

F-18

reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Evaluation of the sufficiency of audit evidence over revenue

As discussed in Notes 1 and 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded $659.6 million of total revenues for the year ended March 31, 2024, of which $513.6 million was subscription related, and $146.0 million was marketplace and other related.

We identified the evaluation of the sufficiency of audit evidence over revenue as a critical audit matter. Evaluating the nature and extent of audit evidence obtained for new revenue contracts or amendments of existing contracts required subjective auditor judgment because of the non-standard nature of the Company’s revenue contracts.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over new or amended revenue contracts. We tested certain internal controls over the Company’s revenue recognition process, including controls over the Company’s assessment of the revenue recognition requirements for new or amended revenue contracts. We tested certain new or amended contracts by reading the underlying contracts and evaluating the Company’s assessment of revenue recognition requirements. We obtained external confirmation directly from certain of the Company’s customers and compared the terms and conditions relevant to the Company’s revenue recognition to the Company’s contracts with those customers. We assessed the recorded revenue by selecting a sample of transactions and comparing the amounts recognized for consistency with underlying documentation, including contracts with customers. In addition, we evaluated the overall sufficiency of audit evidence over revenue by assessing the results of procedures performed.

KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2003.

Dallas, Texas

May 22, 2024

F-19

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in thousands)

	March 31,		March 31,
	2024		2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	336,867	$	464,448
Restricted cash	2,604		—
Short-term investments	32,045		32,807
Trade accounts receivable, net	190,313		157,379
Refundable income taxes, net	8,521		28,897
Other current assets	31,682		31,028
Total current assets	602,032		714,559
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization	8,181		7,085
Intangible assets, net	34,583		9,868
Goodwill	501,756		363,116
Deferred commissions, net	48,143		37,030
Other assets, net	36,748		41,045
	$	1,231,443	$	1,172,703
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	81,202	$	86,568
Accrued payroll and related expenses	61,575		33,434
Other accrued expenses	42,857		35,736
Deferred revenue	30,942		19,091
Total current liabilities	216,576		174,829
Other liabilities	65,732		71,798
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value (authorized 1 million shares; issued 0 shares at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively)	—		—
Common stock, $0.10 par value (authorized 200 million shares; issued 155.9 million and 154.0 million shares at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively)	15,594		15,399
Additional paid-in capital	1,933,776		1,855,916
Retained earnings	1,314,172		1,302,291
Accumulated other comprehensive income	3,964		4,504
Treasury stock, at cost (89.7 million and 87.4 million shares at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively)	(2,318,371)		(2,252,034)
Total stockholders' equity	949,135		926,076
	$	1,231,443	$	1,172,703

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-20

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

	For the year ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Revenues	$	659,661	$	596,583	528,657
Cost of revenue	179,489		170,084		147,427
Gross profit	480,172		426,499		381,230
Operating expenses:
Research and development	151,201		189,195		157,935
Sales and marketing	195,693		202,437		182,763
General and administrative	110,166		125,351		104,591
Gains, losses and other items, net	11,708		35,316		1,479
Total operating expenses	468,768		552,299		446,768
Income (loss) from operations	11,404		(125,800)		(65,538)
Total other income, net	22,957		6,946		30,463
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	34,361		(118,854)		(35,075)
Income tax expense (benefit)	24,270		5,252		(1,242)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations	10,091		(124,106)		(33,833)
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax	1,790		5,404		—
Net earnings (loss)	$	11,881	$	(118,702)	$	(33,833)
Basic earnings (loss) per share
Continuing operations	$	0.15	$	(1.87)	(0.50)
Discontinued operations	0.03		0.08		—
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	0.18	$	(1.79)	$	(0.50)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
Continuing operations	$	0.15	$	(1.87)	(0.50)
Discontinued operations	0.03		0.08		—
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.17	$	(1.79)	$	(0.50)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-21

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Dollars in thousands)

 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024	2023	2022
Net earnings (loss)	11,881	(118,702)	(33,833)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	(540)	(1,226)	(1,792)
Comprehensive income (loss)	11,341	(119,928)	(35,625)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-22

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands)
								Accumulated
	Common Stock			Additional				other		Treasury Stock
	Number			paid-in		Retained		comprehensive		Number			Total
	of shares	Amount		Capital		earnings		income (loss)		of shares	Amount		Equity
Balances at March 31, 2021	147,814,965	$	14,781	$	1,630,072	$	1,454,826	$	7,522	(79,585,710)	$	(2,026,518)	$	1,080,683
Employee stock awards, benefit plans and other issuances	254,069	26		6,240		—		—		(290,675)	(14,626)		(8,360)
Non-cash stock-based compensation	52,459	5		71,175		—		—		—	—		71,180
Restricted stock units vested	1,131,489	113		(113)		—		—		—	—		—
Acquisition-related restricted stock award	40,600	4		(4)		—		—		—	—		—
Liability-classified restricted stock units vested	547,343	55		13,748		—		—		—	—		13,803
Acquisition of treasury stock	—	—		—		—		—		(1,329,211)	(58,621)		(58,621)
Comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation	—	—		—		—		(1,792)		—	—		(1,792)
Net loss	—	—		—		(33,833)		—		—	—		(33,833)
Balances at March 31, 2022	149,840,925	$	14,984	$	1,721,118	$	1,420,993	$	5,730	(81,205,596)	$	(2,099,765)	$	1,063,060
Employee stock awards, benefit plans and other issuances	399,146	$	40	$	6,219	$	—	$	—	(101,011)	$	(2,272)	$	3,987
Non-cash stock-based compensation	47,093	5		117,346		—		—		—	—		117,351
Restricted stock units vested	3,253,815	325		(325)		—		—		—	—		—
Liability-classified restricted stock units vested	446,805	45		11,558		—		—		—	—		11,603
Acquisition of treasury stock	—	—		—		—		—		(6,066,230)	(149,997)		(149,997)
Comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation	—	—		—		—		(1,226)		—	—		(1,226)
Net loss	—	—		—		(118,702)		—		—	—		(118,702)
Balances at March 31, 2023	153,987,784	$	15,399	$	1,855,916	$	1,302,291	$	4,504	(87,372,837)	$	(2,252,034)	$	926,076

F-23

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands)
								Accumulated
	Common Stock			Additional				other		Treasury Stock
	Number			paid-in		Retained		comprehensive		Number			Total
	of shares	Amount		Capital		earnings		income (loss)		of shares	Amount		Equity
Employee stock awards, benefit plans and other issuances	369,442	$	38	$	7,184	$	—	$	—	(219,270)	$	(5,835)	$	1,387
Non-cash stock-based compensation	39,174	3		68,054		—		—		—	—		68,057
Restricted stock units vested	1,427,305	143		(143)		—		—		—	—		—
Acquisition-related restricted stock award	36,118	3		(3)		—		—		—	—		—
Liability-classified restricted stock units vested	83,439	8		2,275		—		—		—	—		2,283
Acquisition-related replacement stock options	—	—		493		—		—		—	—		493
Acquisition of treasury stock	—	—		—		—		—		(2,076,854)	(60,502)		(60,502)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation	—	—		—		—		(540)		—	—		(540)
Net earnings	—	—		—		11,881		—		—	—		11,881
Balances at March 31, 2024	155,943,262	$	15,594	$	1,933,776	$	1,314,172	$	3,964	(89,668,961)	$	(2,318,371)	$	949,135

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-24

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings (loss)	$	11,881	$	(118,702)	$	(33,833)
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax	(1,790)		(5,404)		—
Non-cash operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	11,508		20,787		24,248
Loss on disposal or impairment of assets	1,219		4,137		183
Gain on sale of strategic investments	—		(194)		—
Lease-related impairment and restructuring charges	1,769		27,545		—
Gain on distribution from retained profits interest	—		—		(30,235)
Provision for doubtful accounts	2,254		1,776		4,217
Impairment of goodwill	2,875		—		—
Deferred income taxes	(458)		115		(1,540)
Non-cash stock compensation expense	71,304		125,800		87,257
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(32,336)		(12,123)		(38,611)
Deferred commissions	(11,113)		(6,436)		(7,975)
Other assets	9,426		7,705		26,863
Accounts payable and other liabilities	8,508		(15,369)		8,850
Income taxes	22,275		596		33,969
Deferred revenue	8,334		4,208		4,684
Net cash provided by operating activities	105,656		34,441		78,077
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(4,255)		(4,696)		(4,499)
Cash paid in acquisitions, net of cash received	(170,281)		—		(19,107)
Distribution from retained profits interest	—		—		31,184
Purchases of investments	(48,894)		(28,197)		—
Proceeds from sales of investments	50,750		3,000		—
Purchases of strategic investments	(1,000)		(500)		—
Proceeds from sale of strategic investment	—		1,394		—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(173,680)		(28,999)		7,578
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds related to the issuance of common stock under stock and employee benefit plans	7,222		6,259		6,266
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of stock-based awards	(5,835)		(2,272)		(14,626)
Acquisition of treasury stock	(60,502)		(149,997)		(58,621)
Net cash used in financing activities	(59,115)		(146,010)		(66,981)
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations	(127,139)		(140,568)		18,674

F-25

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Cash flows from discontinued operations:
From operating activities	1,790		5,404		—
Net cash provided by discontinued operations	1,790		5,404		—
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	372		(550)		(199)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(124,977)		(135,714)		18,475
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	464,448		600,162		581,687
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	339,471	$	464,448	$	600,162
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid (received) for income taxes, net - continuing operations	$	2,465	$	5,801	$	(32,916)
Cash (received) for income taxes - discontinued operations	(2,765)		(8,332)		—
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	10,293		8,243		10,108
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	11,825		69		56,182
Operating lease assets, and related lease liabilities, relinquished in lease terminations	(4,486)		(6,781)		—
Purchases of property, plant and equipment remaining unpaid at period end	104		47		696

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-26

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.    ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

Description of Business -

LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. ("LiveRamp", "we", "us", or the "Company") is a global technology company that helps companies build enduring brand and business value by collaborating responsibly with data. A groundbreaking leader in consumer privacy, data ethics and foundational identity, LiveRamp offers a connected customer view with clarity and context while protecting brand and consumer trust. Our best-in-class enterprise platform enables data collaboration, where companies can share first-party consumer data with trusted business partners securely and in a privacy conscious manner. We offer flexibility to collaborate wherever data lives to support a wide range of data collaboration use cases—within organizations, between brands, and across our global network of premier partners. Global innovators, from iconic consumer brands and tech platforms to retailers, financial services, and healthcare leaders, turn to LiveRamp to deepen customer engagement and loyalty, activate new partnerships, and maximize the value of their first-party data while staying on the forefront of rapidly evolving compliance and privacy requirements.

LiveRamp is a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “RAMP.” We serve a global customer base from locations in the United States, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) region. Our direct customer list includes many of the world’s best-known and most innovative brands across most major industry verticals, including but not limited to financial, insurance and investment services, retail, automotive, telecommunications, high tech, consumer packaged goods, healthcare, travel, entertainment and non-profit. Through our expansive partner ecosystem we serve thousands of additional companies, unlocking access to unique customer moments and creating powerful network effects.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation -

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. We have prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification and Updates (“ASC” and "ASU"), and we consider the various staff accounting bulletins and other applicable guidance issued by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Our fiscal year ends on March 31. References to fiscal 2024, for example, are to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.

Use of Estimates -

In preparing consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, we must make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used in determining, among other items, revenue recognition criteria, allowance for credit losses, operating lease assets and liabilities, including the incremental borrowing rate and terms and provision of each lease, the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, restructuring and impairment accruals, litigation and facilities lease loss accruals, stock-based compensation, and the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income taxes, including the measurement of uncertain tax positions. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

As of March 31, 2024, the impacts to the Company's business due to geopolitical developments and macroeconomic factors, such as rising interest rates, inflation, bank failures, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and supply chain disruptions, continue to evolve. As a result, many of the Company's estimates and assumptions, including the allowance for credit losses, consider macroeconomic factors in the market, which require increased judgment and carry a higher degree of variability and volatility. As events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available, the Company's estimates may change materially in future periods.

F-27

Operating Segments -

The Company operates as one operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). Our Chief Executive Officer is our CODM. Our CODM evaluates our financial information and resources and assesses the performance of these resources on a consolidated basis. Since we operate as one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in the consolidated financial statements.

Earnings (Loss) per Share -

Basic net earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net earnings (loss) per share is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period.

A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share is shown below (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Year ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$	10,091	$	(124,106)	$	(33,833)
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax	1,790		5,404		—
Net earnings (loss)	$	11,881	$	(118,702)	$	(33,833)
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	66,266		66,352		68,211
Dilutive effect of common stock options and restricted stock units as computed under the treasury stock method (1)	1,652		—		—
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	67,918		66,352		68,211
Net earnings (loss) per common share, basic and diluted
Continuing operations	$	0.15	$	(1.87)	$	(0.50)
Discontinued operations	0.03		0.08		—
Net earnings (loss) per share	$	0.17	$	(1.79)	$	(0.50)

(1) The number of common stock options and restricted stock units as computed under the treasury stock method that would have otherwise been dilutive but are excluded from the table above because their effect would have been anti-dilutive due to the net loss position of the Company was 0.7 million and 1.3 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Restricted stock units that were outstanding during the years presented but were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive (other than due to the net loss position of the Company) are shown below (shares in thousands):

	Year ended March 31,
	2024	2023	2022
Number of shares underlying restricted stock units	1,112	2,376	686

Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents -

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash held in bank deposit accounts and short-term, highly-liquid money market fund investments and U.S. Treasury securities with remaining maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase.

F-28

Investments -

Investments consist of U.S. Treasury securities and certificates of deposit. Securities having remaining maturities of more than three months at the date of purchase and less than one year from the date of the balance sheet are classified as short-term, and those with maturities of more than one year from the date of the balance sheet are classified as long-term in the consolidated balance sheets. These investments are carried at fair market value, with unrealized gains and losses considered to be temporary in nature reported as accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders' equity. The Company reviews all investments for reductions in fair value that are other-than-temporary. When such reductions occur, the cost of the investment is adjusted to fair value through recording a loss on investments in the consolidated statements of operations. Gains and losses on investments are calculated on the basis of specific identification. We did not recognize any gains or losses in fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

Strategic Investments -

Strategic investments consist of non-controlling equity investments in privately held companies. The Company elected the measurement alternative for these investments without readily determinable fair values and for which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence. These investments are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. Under the cost method of accounting, the non-marketable equity securities are carried at cost less any impairment, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer, which is recorded within the consolidated statement of operations. On a quarterly basis, the Company performs a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. If there are sufficient indicators that the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value, the carrying value of the investment is reduced and an impairment is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as other expense, net of tax. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $4.0 million impairment of a strategic investment that is recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statement of operations. There were no impairment charges for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 or 2022.

Revenue Recognition -

LiveRamp recognizes revenue from the following sources: (i) Subscription revenue, which consists primarily of subscription fees from customers accessing our LiveRamp platform; and (ii) Marketplace and Other revenue, which primarily consists of revenue-sharing fees generated from access to data through our LiveRamp Data Marketplace, professional services including product implementation, data science analytics and audience measurement, and transactional usage-based revenue from arrangements with certain publishers and addressable TV providers, and professional services fees.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•Determination of the transaction price;

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied.

Identification of the contract

We consider the terms and conditions of the contract and our customary business practices when identifying our contracts under ASC 606. We determine we have a contract with a customer when the contract or contract modification is approved and the parties are committed to performing their respective obligations, we can identify each party's rights regarding the services to be transferred, we can identify the payment terms for the services, we have determined the contract has commercial substance, and we have determined that collection of at least some of the contract consideration is probable. At contract inception we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as a single contract and whether the single or combined contract includes one or multiple performance obligations. We apply judgment in determining the customer's ability to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer's historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

F-29

Identification of the performance obligations

As part of accounting for arrangements with multiple performance obligations, we must assess whether each performance obligation is distinct. A good or service that is promised to a customer is distinct if the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and a company's promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. We have determined that our subscriptions to the platform are a distinct performance obligation and access to data for revenue-sharing and usage-based arrangements is a distinct performance obligation because, once a customer has access to the platform, the service is fully functional and does not require any additional development, modification, or customization.

Determination of the transaction price

The transaction price is the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring services to a customer, excluding sales taxes that are collected on behalf of government agencies. Variable consideration is assessed and included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of our contracts contain a significant financing component.

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on the standalone selling price ("SSP") of each service. We generally determine the SSP based on contractual selling prices when the obligation is sold on a standalone basis, as well as market conditions, competition, and pricing practices. As pricing and marketing strategies evolve, we may modify our pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes to SSP.

Recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied

Revenues are recognized when or as control of the promised services is transferred to customers. Subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the subscription period beginning on the date the services are made available to customers. Marketplace and Other revenue is typically transactional in nature, tied to a revenue share or volumes purchased. We report revenue from Data Marketplace and other similar transactions on a net basis because our performance obligation is to facilitate a transaction between data providers and data buyers, for which we earn a portion of the gross fee. Consequently, the portion of the gross amount billed to data buyers that is remitted to data providers is not reflected as revenues. We generate revenue from Services primarily from project fees paid by subscribers to our platform. Service projects are sold on an ad hoc basis as well as bundled with platform subscriptions. Services revenue is less than 5% of total Company revenue.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable include amounts billed to customers as well as unbilled amounts recognized in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies. Unbilled amounts included in trade accounts receivable, net, which generally arise from the performance of services to customers in advance of billings, were $17.5 million at March 31, 2024 and $17.8 million at March 31, 2023.

Trade accounts receivable are presented net of allowances for credit losses, returns and credits based on the probability of future collections. The probability of future collections is based on specific considerations of historical loss patterns and an assessment of the continuation of such patterns based on past collection trends and known or anticipated future economic events that may impair collectability. Accounts receivable that are determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts. Indicators that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery include past due status greater than 360 days or bankruptcy of the debtor.

F-30

A summary of the activity of the allowance for credit losses, returns and credits was (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal year ended:	Balance at beginning of period		Additions (reductions) charged to costs and expenses	Other changes	Bad debts written off, net of amounts recovered	Balance at end of period
March 31, 2022	$	7,617	4,217	(3)	(1,870)	$	9,961
March 31, 2023	$	9,961	1,776	10	(2,403)	$	9,344
March 31, 2024	$	9,344	2,254	755	(3,154)	$	9,199

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of amounts billed in excess of revenue recognized. Deferred revenues are subsequently recorded as revenue when earned in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies.

Deferred Commissions, net -

The Company capitalizes incremental costs to acquire contracts and amortizes them on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, which we have determined to be four years. Net capitalized costs of $11.1 million and $6.8 million were recognized as a reduction of operating expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We did not recognize any impairment charges in fiscal years 2024, 2023, or 2022.

Property and Equipment -

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: leasehold improvements, 2 - 5 years; data processing equipment, 2 - 5 years, and office furniture and other equipment, 3 - 7 years.

Operating Leases -

Right-of-use ("ROU") assets represent the Company's right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time, or term, in exchange for consideration, and operating lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the aforementioned right.

The Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at inception, and whether lease and non-lease components are combined or not. Operating leases with a duration of one year or less are excluded from ROU assets and lease liabilities and related expense is recorded as incurred. ROU assets and lease liabilities are initially recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, which includes the minimum unconditional term of the lease, and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain at the commencement date that such options will be exercised. As the rate implicit for each of the Company's leases is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company uses judgment in determining its incremental borrowing rate, which includes selecting a yield curve based on a hypothetical credit rating. ROU assets also include any initial direct costs and any lease payments made prior to the lease commencement date and are reduced by any lease incentives received. ROU assets are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Short-term lease liabilities are included in other accrued expenses and long-term lease liabilities are included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis as operating lease cost in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company evaluates the recoverability of the ROU assets for possible impairment in accordance with the impairment of long-lived assets policy below.

F-31

Business Combinations -

We apply the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations, in accounting for acquisitions. ASC 805 requires us to determine if assets or a business was acquired. If a business was acquired, it requires us to recognize separately from goodwill the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments resulting from new information about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date and falls within the measurement period to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill -

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business acquisitions accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and is not amortized. Goodwill is measured and tested for impairment on an annual basis in the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Such events and changes may include significant changes in performance related to expected operating results, significant changes in asset use, significant negative industry or economic trends, and changes in our business strategy.

Our test for goodwill impairment starts with a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If qualitative factors indicate that the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed. For the purposes of impairment testing, we have determined that we have three reporting units. We completed our annual impairment test during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and assessed whether there were any triggering events quarterly. We recognized $2.9 million of goodwill impairment charges in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. Please refer to Note 9, Goodwill for further details. We did not recognize any goodwill impairment charges in fiscal years ended March 31, 2023 or 2022.

Intangible Assets -

We amortize intangible assets with finite lives over their estimated useful lives and review them for impairment whenever an impairment indicator exists. We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of our long-lived assets, including our intangible assets, may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, we assess recoverability by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through the undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of these assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on any excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. We did not recognize any intangible asset impairment charges in fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

During fiscal 2024, our intangible assets were amortized over their estimated useful lives ranging from one year to six years. Amortization is based on the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset will be consumed or on a straight-line basis when the consumption pattern is not apparent. The weighted average useful lives of our intangible assets were as follows:

	Weighted Average Useful Life (years)
Developed technology	2.6
Customer relationships	2.6

F-32

Impairment of Long-lived Assets -

Long-lived assets (asset groups) are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company considers the following to be potential indicators of impairment of its long-lived assets (asset groups): operating losses, substantial decreases in the Company’s stock price, significant adverse changes in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset (asset group) is being used, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of the long-lived asset (asset group), an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset (asset group), and a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset (asset group) will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. When such events occur, recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset group to the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. If such assets are impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments -

We apply the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, to our assets and liabilities that we are required to measure at fair value pursuant to other accounting standards. The additional disclosure regarding our fair value measurements is included in Note 18 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers -

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable.

The Company's cash and cash equivalents are held in federally insured financial institutions. Although the Company's deposits may exceed federally insured limits, management believes the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.

The Company has no significant off-balance sheet risk such as foreign exchange contracts, options contracts, or other hedging arrangements.

The Company’s trade accounts receivables are from a large number of customers. Accordingly, the Company’s credit risk is affected by general economic conditions.

At March 31, 2024, there was one customer that represented more than 10% of the trade accounts receivable balance. Our ten largest customers represented approximately 27% of our revenues in fiscal year 2024. There were no customers that individually exceeded 10% of the Company's revenue in fiscal year 2024.

Income Taxes -

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries file separate income tax returns in the countries in which their operations are based.

The Company makes estimates and judgments in determining the provision for income taxes for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of tax credits, benefits, and deductions, and in the calculation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities that arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes, as well as the interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Significant changes in these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to the tax provision in a subsequent period. The Company assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. If recovery is not likely, the Company increases the provision for taxes by recording a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that it estimates will not ultimately be recoverable.

F-33

The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process pursuant to ASC 740, Income Taxes. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining whether the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. If the Company determines that a tax position will more likely than not be sustained on audit, the second step requires the Company to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as the Company must determine the probability of various outcomes.

The Company re-evaluates these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors such as changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, new audit activity, and effectively settled issues. Determining whether an uncertain tax position is effectively settled requires judgment. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.

Foreign Currency -

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our foreign operations generally is the applicable local currency for each foreign subsidiary. The balance sheets of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated at period-end rates of exchange, and the statements of operations are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of equity and comprehensive income (loss). We reflect net foreign exchange transaction gains and losses, resulting from the conversion of the transaction currency to functional currency, as a component of foreign currency exchange gain (loss) in total other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.

Advertising Expense -

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $11.5 million, $12.9 million, and $10.5 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Advertising expense is included in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Legal Contingencies -

We are currently involved in various claims and legal proceedings. Quarterly, we review the status of each significant matter and assess our potential financial exposure. We accrue a liability for an estimated loss if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies provides additional information regarding certain of our legal contingencies.

Stock-Based Compensation -

The Company records stock-based compensation expense according to the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. ASC Topic 718 requires all stock-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations over the service period of the award based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC Topic 718, the Company determines the appropriate fair value model to be used for valuing stock-based payments and the amortization method for compensation cost.

The Company has stock option plans and equity compensation plans (collectively referred to as the “stock-based plans”) administered by the talent and compensation committee of the board of directors (“talent and compensation committee”) under which options and restricted stock units were outstanding as of March 31, 2024.

The Company’s equity compensation plan provides that all employees (employees, officers, directors, affiliates, independent contractors or consultants) are eligible to receive awards (grant of any option, stock appreciation right, restricted stock award, restricted stock unit award, performance award, performance share, performance unit, qualified performance-based award, or other stock unit award) under the plan with the terms and conditions applicable to an award set forth in applicable grant documents.

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Incentive stock option awards granted under the stock-based plans cannot be granted with an exercise price less than 100% of the per-share market value of the Company’s shares at the date of grant and have a maximum duration of ten years from the date of grant. Board policy currently requires that non-qualified options also must be priced at or above 100% of the fair market value of the common stock at the time of grant with a maximum duration of ten years.

Restricted stock units may be issued under the equity compensation plan and represent the right to receive shares in the future by way of an award agreement that includes vesting provisions. Award agreements can further provide for forfeitures triggered by certain prohibited activities, such as breach of confidentiality. All restricted stock units are expensed over the vesting period and adjusted for forfeitures as incurred. The vesting of some restricted stock units is subject to the Company’s achievement of certain performance criteria, as well as the individual remaining employed by the Company for a period of years.

The Company receives income tax deductions because of the exercise of non-qualified stock options and the vesting of other stock-based awards. To the extent the income tax deductions differ from the corresponding stock-based compensation expense, such excess tax benefits and deficiencies are included as a component of income tax expense and reflected as an operating cash flow included in changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Restructuring -

The Company records costs associated with employee terminations and other exit activity in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, depending on whether the costs relate to exit or disposal activities under the accounting standards, or whether they are other post-employment termination benefits. Under applicable accounting standards for exit or disposal costs, the Company records employee termination benefits as an operating expense when the benefit arrangement is communicated to the employee and no significant future services are required. Under the accounting standards related to post-employment termination benefits, the Company records employee termination benefits when the termination benefits are probable and can be estimated. 

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted During the Current Year -
Standard	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
There were no material accounting pronouncements applicable to the Company.

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Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted -
Standard	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures	ASU 2023-07 expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses.	The updated standard is effective for our annual periods beginning in fiscal 2025 and interim periods beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted.	We are currently evaluating the impact that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.
ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures	ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income tax paid.	The updated standard is effective for us beginning in fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted.	We are currently evaluating the impact that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

2.    REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS:

Disaggregation of Revenue

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by primary geographical market and major service offerings (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
Primary Geographical Markets	2024		2023		2022
United States	$	618,526	$	556,219	$	495,765
Europe	34,109		32,210		26,373
Asia-Pacific ("APAC")	5,896		7,470		6,519
Other	1,130		684		—
	$	659,661	$	596,583	$	528,657
Major Offerings/Services
Subscription	$	513,641	$	482,807	$	428,617
Marketplace and Other	146,020		113,776		100,040
	$	659,661	$	596,583	$	528,657

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

We have performance obligations associated with fixed commitments in customer contracts for future services that have not yet been recognized in our consolidated financial statements. The amount of fixed revenue not yet recognized was $566.1 million as of March 31, 2024, of which $414.3 million will be recognized over the next twelve months. The Company expects to recognize revenue on substantially all of these remaining performance obligations by March 31, 2028.

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3.    LEASES:

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities balances consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			March 31, 2023
Right-of-use assets included in other assets, net	$	24,471		$	24,604
Short-term lease liabilities included in other accrued expenses	$	10,125		$	9,929
Long-term lease liabilities included in other liabilities	$	32,097		$	37,243
Supplemental balance sheet information:
Weighted average remaining lease term	5.3 years			5.6 years
Weighted average discount rate	5.3		%	3.5		%

The Company leases its office facilities under non-cancellable operating leases that expire at various dates through fiscal 2031. Certain leases contain provisions for property-related costs that are variable in nature for which the Company is responsible, including common area maintenance and other property operating services. These costs are calculated based on a variety of factors including property values, tax and utility rates, property service fees, and other factors. Operating lease costs were $9.2 million, $11.6 million, and $11.6 million for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded $1.9 million of right-of-use asset impairment charges included in gains, losses and other items, net in the consolidated statements of operations related to certain leased office facilities. During the fiscal 2023, the Company recorded $24.6 million of right-of-use asset impairment charges and $2.9 million of non-lease component restructuring charges that are included in gains, losses and other items, net in the consolidated statements of operations related to the exit from certain leased office facilities. Please refer to Note 4, Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges for further details.

The following table presents future minimum payments under all operating leases (including operating leases with a duration of one year or less) as of March 31, 2024:  

	Amount
Fiscal 2025	$	10,282
Fiscal 2026	8,668
Fiscal 2027	8,265
Fiscal 2028	8,454
Fiscal 2029	8,529
Thereafter	4,299
Total undiscounted lease commitments	48,497
Less: Interest and short-term leases	6,275
Total discounted operating lease liabilities	$	42,222

Future minimum payments as of March 31, 2024 related to restructuring plans as a result of the Company's exit from certain leased office facilities (see Note 4) are as follows (dollars in thousands): Fiscal 2025: $2,698; and Fiscal 2026: $1,799.

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4.    RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER CHARGES:

Restructuring activities result in various costs, including asset write-offs, right of use ("ROU") asset group impairments, exit charges including severance, contract termination fees, and decommissioning and other costs.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending restructuring liabilities is shown below for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. The restructuring charges and adjustments are included in gains, losses and other items, net in the consolidated statements of operations. The reserve balances are included in other accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets (dollars in thousands).

	Employee-related reserves		Lease accruals		Total
Balances at March 31, 2021	$	825	$	3,918	$	4,743
Restructuring charges and adjustments	—		(19)		(19)
Payments	(778)		(872)		(1,650)
Balances at March 31, 2022	$	47	$	3,027	$	3,074
Restructuring charges and adjustments	7,792		2,946		10,738
Payments	(7,080)		(1,100)		(8,180)
Balances at March 31, 2023	$	759	$	4,873	$	5,632
Restructuring charges and adjustments	4,227		(148)		4,079
Payments	(3,306)		(1,800)		(5,106)
Balances at March 31, 2024	$	1,680	$	2,925	$	4,605

Employee-related Restructuring Plans

During fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a total of $4.2 million in employee-related restructuring charges and adjustments. The expense included severance and other employee-related charges in the United States, Europe, and APAC of $4.0 million and adjustments to the fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2023 employee-related restructuring plans for employees in the United States and Europe of $0.2 million. Of the fiscal 2024 employee-related restructuring plans, $1.4 million remained accrued as of March 31, 2024 and is expected to be paid out during fiscal 2025.

In fiscal 2023, the Company recorded a total of $7.8 million in employee-related restructuring charges and adjustments. The expense included severance and other employee-related charges primarily in the United States. The fiscal 2023 employee-related restructuring plans were paid out during fiscal 2023 and 2024.

In fiscal 2021, the Company recorded a total of $1.7 million in employee-related restructuring charges and adjustments. The expense included severance and other employee-related charges in the United States and Europe. Of the employee-related charges of $1.7 million, $0.2 million remained accrued as of March 31, 2024 and are expected to be paid out during fiscal 2025.

Lease-related Impairments and Restructuring Plans

During fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a total of $1.9 million in additional impairment charges and adjustments related to the fiscal 2023 global real estate footprint reduction initiatives. The charges primarily related to the leased office space in San Francisco and were driven by declines in the expected sublease terms and rates available in the market. The impairment charges included impairments of the operating lease ROU assets of $1.7 million, and the associated furniture, equipment, and leasehold improvements of $0.2 million.

In fiscal 2023, the Company initiated a restructuring plan to lower its operating expenses by reducing its global real estate footprint. As part of this plan, we exited a total of eight leased office spaces. Of those, five were located in the United States: one in Boston, one in Philadelphia, one in Phoenix, and two floors of leased office space in San Francisco. The three remaining spaces were located in Europe: one in the Netherlands, one floor of leased office space in London, England, and one floor of leased office space in Paris, France.

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Based on a comparison of undiscounted cash flows to the ROU asset group of each exited lease, the Company determined that each of the ROU asset groups was impaired, driven largely by the difference between the existing lease terms and rates on the Company’s leases and the expected sublease terms and rates available in the market. This resulted in impairment charges totaling $24.6 million during the second, third, and fourth quarters of fiscal 2023, reflecting the excess of the ROU asset group book value over its fair value, which was determined based on estimates of future discounted cash flows and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The lease impairment charges included impairments of the operating lease ROU assets of $20.5 million, and the associated furniture, equipment, and leasehold improvements of $4.1 million. Additionally, the Company recorded $2.9 million in lease-related restructuring charges and adjustments that covered other obligations related to the leased office spaces in San Francisco and Phoenix. Of the combined fiscal 2023 and 2024 lease-related restructuring charges of $2.8 million, $1.7 million remain accrued as of March 31, 2024 and will be satisfied over the remainder of the San Francisco lease term, which continues through April 2029.

In fiscal 2017, the Company made the strategic decision to exit and sub-lease a certain leased office facility under a staggered-exit plan. The full exit was completed in fiscal 2019. We intend to continue subleasing the facility to the extent possible. The liability will be satisfied over the remainder of the leased property's term, which continues through November 2025. Any future changes in the estimates or in the actual sublease income may require future adjustments to the liabilities, which would impact net earnings (loss) in the period the adjustment is recorded. Through March 31, 2024, the Company has recorded a total of $7.3 million of restructuring charges and adjustments related to this lease. Of the amount accrued for this facility lease, $1.3 million remained accrued at March 31, 2024.

Gains, Losses and Other Items, Net

The following table summarizes the activity included in gains, losses and other items, net in the consolidated statements of operations for each of the periods presented (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Employee-related restructuring plan charges	$	4,227	$	7,792	$	(19)
Lease-related restructuring plan charges and adjustments	(148)		2,946		—
Early contract terminations	—		—		1,042
ROU asset group impairments and adjustments	1,946		24,599		—
Goodwill impairment (see Note 9)	2,875		—		—
Other	13		—		—
Acquisition related costs	2,795		(21)		$	456
	$	11,708	$	35,316	$	1,479

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5.    ACQUISITIONS:

Habu

On January 31, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of Habu, a data clean room software provider that works with global brands and companies to securely share first-party customer data with business partners and publishers to enable more effective and personalized marketing. This acquisition empowers the Company to deliver scale and simplicity to our customers. Through our combined offering, companies will have one, simple platform to measure campaigns across all walled gardens, programmatic, and media channels while connecting data seamlessly across any cloud, warehouse, or clean room. The results of operations for Habu since the closing date have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. The acquisition date fair value of the consideration for Habu was approximately $173.4 million, which consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

Cash, net of $971 cash acquired	$	170,281
Restricted cash held in escrow	2,600
Fair value of replacement stock options and restricted stock shares considered a component of purchase consideration transferred	$	493
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	173,374

On the acquisition date, the Company delivered $2.6 million of cash to an escrow agent according to the terms of the merger agreement. The principal escrow is owned by the Company until funds are delivered to the Habu sellers one year from the acquisition date. All interest and earnings on the principal escrow amount remain the property of the Company.

The aggregate acquisition-date fair value of merger consideration with respect to assumed unvested stock options, restricted stock shares and restricted stock units was approximately $25.5 million. Of the $25.5 million acquisition-date fair value, $0.5 million was attributed to pre-combination service related to the options and restricted shares and treated as a component of purchase consideration transferred. The remaining $25.0 million is considered future compensation cost and will be recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the remaining service period of the replacement options and restricted shares.

In connection with the Habu acquisition, $14.6 million of the acquisition-date fair value of merger consideration otherwise payable with respect to incentive compensation and shares of Habu common stock held by certain key employees were subject to holdback by the Company pursuant to agreements with those employees (each, a "Holdback Agreement"). Each Holdback Agreement specifies that the consideration holdback will vest in three equal annual increments on the anniversary of the January 31, 2024 closing date. Vesting is subject to the Habu key employees' continued employment through each annual vesting date and will be settled in cash, shares of Company common stock, or any combination of cash and Company common stock, at the Company's discretion. As a result, the consideration holdback is not considered part of the purchase price but rather is considered future compensation cost and will be recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the three-year earning period.

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The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date

of acquisition (dollars in thousands):

	January 31, 2024
Assets acquired:
Cash	$	971
Goodwill	141,641
Intangible assets	33,500
Other current and noncurrent assets	3,815
Total assets acquired	179,927
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(1,460)
Deferred revenue	(3,573)
Other current and noncurrent liabilities	(549)
Net assets acquired	174,345
Less:
Cash acquired	(971)
Net purchase price allocated	173,374
Less:
Restricted cash held in escrow	(2,600)
Fair value of replacement stock options and restricted stock shares considered a component of purchase consideration transferred	(493)
Net cash paid in acquisition	170,281

The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and is primarily attributed to expectations to the development of future technology. The goodwill balance is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. The Company recognized the assets and liabilities acquired based on its preliminary estimates of their fair values as of the acquisition date. As additional information becomes known concerning the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, management may make adjustments to the opening balance sheet of the acquired company up to the end of the measurement period, which is not longer than a one-year period following the acquisition date. The determination of the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed (and the related determination of the estimated lives of depreciable tangible and identifiable intangible assets) requires significant judgment. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has not completed its analysis of deferred income taxes. The fair value currently assigned to deferred income taxes was based on the information that was available as of the date of the acquisition. The Company expects to finalize the deferred income taxes as soon as practicable.

The amounts allocated to intangible assets in the table above included developed technology and customer relationships/trade name. Intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. The following table presents the components of intangible assets acquired and their estimated useful lives as of the acquisition date (dollars in thousands):

			Useful life
	Fair value		(in years)
Developed technology	$	30,000	3
Customer relationships	3,000		3
Trade names	500		1
Total intangible assets	$	33,500

The Company has omitted pro forma disclosures related to this acquisition date as the pro forma effect of this

acquisition is not material.

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Rakam

On December 13, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of certain technology assets owned by Rakam, Inc. ("Rakam") for approximately $2.2 million in cash (including a holdback amount of $0.2 million). The technology asset is a cloud-agnostic customer data analytics platform that is deployed direct in the customer's data warehouse. The purchased technology has been embedded into the Company's platform, enabling us to provide a single, unified segmentation solution and enable our customers to generate real-time insights and create custom audiences wherever their data resides.

The Company concluded the acquired assets did not meet the definition of a business under ASU 2017-01, "Clarifying the Definition of a Business," and therefore has accounted for the acquisition as an asset acquisition. The purchased asset was recorded as a $2.2 million developed technology intangible asset included in other assets, net in the consolidated balance sheet and is being amortized over a period of three years based on its estimated useful life.

In connection with the acquisition, the Company extended employment agreements and granted $2.6 million of restricted stock units to two key Rakam employees that were recorded as non-cash stock compensation. The restricted stock units vest over four years and were not considered part of the asset purchase price as they require future service and continued employment by those individuals to vest.

Diablo

On April 21, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Diablo.ai, Inc. ("Diablo"), a first-party data resolution platform and graph builder, for approximately $9.7 million in cash (including a holdback amount of $1.2 million). The acquisition also included $1.9 million of assumed restricted stock awards that are recorded as non-cash stock compensation over a period of three years. Diablo's technology has been embedded into our unified platform and plays an integral role in our global identity capability. The Company omitted pro forma disclosures related to this acquisition as the pro forma effect of this acquisition was not material. The results of operations for this acquisition are included in the Company's consolidated results beginning April 21, 2021.

The following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition (dollars in thousands):

	April 21, 2021
Assets acquired:
Cash	$	131
Goodwill	6,807
Intangible assets	3,500
Total assets acquired	10,438
Deferred income taxes	(505)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(65)
Net assets acquired	9,868
Less:
Cash acquired	(131)
Net purchase price allocated	9,737
Less:
Cash held back	(1,200)
Net cash paid in acquisition	8,537

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6.    DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS:

Acxiom Marketing Solutions ("AMS") business

During fiscal 2019, the Company completed the sale of its Acxiom Marketing Solutions ("AMS") business, and the business qualified for treatment as discontinued operations. Significant income taxes were incurred and paid on the gain from the sale of AMS. During fiscal 2024 and 2023, the Company recovered $1.8 million and $5.4 million, respectively, net of tax and fees, of certain previously paid state income taxes arising from the sale of AMS.

7.    OTHER CURRENT AND NONCURRENT ASSETS:

Other current assets consist of the following (dollars in thousands):  

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses and other	$	17,398	$	18,918
Assets of non-qualified retirement plan	14,284		12,110
Other current assets	$	31,682	$	31,028

Other noncurrent assets consist of the following (dollars in thousands):  

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Long-term prepaid revenue share	$	4,714	$	9,659
Right-of-use assets (see Note 3)	24,471		24,604
Deferred tax asset	1,636		1,253
Deposits	3,125		3,452
Strategic investments	2,700		1,600
Other miscellaneous noncurrent assets	102		477
Other assets, net	$	36,748	$	41,045

During fiscal 2023, the Company became aware of a pending sale and the proposed value of the transaction related to one of our strategic investments. As a result, the Company recorded a $4.0 million impairment that is recorded in other expense in the consolidated statement of operations.

In conjunction with the fiscal 2016 disposition of our former IT outsourcing business, we retained a profits interest previously recognized at $0.7 million within miscellaneous noncurrent assets at March 31, 2021. During fiscal 2022, the Company recorded a $30.5 million gain included in total other income in the consolidated statement of operations related to a $31.2 million cash distribution received from the disposition of this retained profits interest.

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8.    PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT:

Property and equipment is summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Leasehold improvements	$	14,147	$	25,262
Data processing equipment	5,915		6,537
Office furniture and other equipment	5,332		7,594
	25,394		39,393
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(17,213)		(32,308)
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization	$	8,181	$	7,085

Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $2.7 million, $4.0 million, and $5.4 million for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

9.    GOODWILL:

Each quarter, the Company considers whether indicators of impairment exist such that additional impairment testing may be necessary. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, triggering events occurred that required the Company to test the recoverability of goodwill associated with its APAC reporting unit. The triggering event was the restructuring of operations in the APAC region. Accordingly, we tested goodwill for impairment and determined that the fair value of the APAC reporting unit had decreased, resulting in complete impairment of the goodwill amount of $2.9 million. In order to estimate the fair value of the APAC reporting unit, management utilized a discounted cash flow model, classified in level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, as well as considered market multiples of guideline public companies.

Changes in goodwill for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Total
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	363,845
Purchase price accounting adjustment related to acquisition of Diablo	(205)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	(524)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	363,116
Impairment	(2,875)
Acquisition of Habu (see Note 5)	141,641
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	(126)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	501,756

Goodwill by geography as of March 31, 2024 was: 

	Total
U.S.	$	501,756

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10.    INTANGIBLE ASSETS:

The amounts allocated to intangible assets from acquisitions include developed technology, customer relationships, trade names, and publisher and data supply relationships.  The following table shows the amortization activity of intangible assets (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Developed technology, gross	$	102,076	$	72,095
Accumulated amortization	(70,743)		(63,658)
Net developed technology	$	31,333	$	8,437
Customer relationship/trade name, gross	$	37,882	$	34,384
Accumulated amortization	(34,632)		(33,953)
Net customer/trade name	$	3,250	$	431
Publisher/data supply relationships, gross	$	16,000	$	16,000
Accumulated amortization	(16,000)		(15,000)
Net publisher/data supply relationships	$	—	$	1,000
Total intangible assets, gross	$	155,958	$	122,479
Total accumulated amortization	(121,375)		(112,611)
Total intangible assets, net	$	34,583	$	9,868

Total amortization expense related to intangible assets was $8.8 million, $16.8 million, and $18.7 million for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The following table presents the estimated future amortization expenses related to intangible assets.

Fiscal Year:	Amount
2025	$	14,416
2026	11,000
2027	9,167
	$	34,583

11.    OTHER ACCRUED EXPENSES:

Other accrued expenses consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Liabilities of non-qualified retirement plan	$	14,284	$	12,110
Short-term lease liabilities (see Note 3)	10,125		9,929
Other miscellaneous accrued expenses	18,448		13,697
Other accrued expenses	$	42,857	$	35,736

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12.    OTHER LIABILITIES:

Other liabilities consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Uncertain tax positions	$	25,289	$	23,427
Long-term lease liabilities (see Note 3)	32,097		37,243
Lease restructuring accruals and related sublease deposits	3,957		5,713
Deferred tax liabilities	224		298
Other	4,165		5,117
Other liabilities	$	65,732	$	71,798

13.     COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:

Legal Matters

The Company is involved in various claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Management routinely assesses the likelihood of adverse judgments or outcomes to these matters, as well as ranges of probable losses, to the extent losses are reasonably estimable. The Company records accruals for these matters to the extent that management concludes a loss is probable and the financial impact, should an adverse outcome occur, is reasonably estimable. These accruals are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements and are adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertinent to a particular matter. In management’s opinion, the Company has made appropriate and adequate accruals for these matters, and management believes the probability of a material loss beyond the amounts accrued to be remote. However, the ultimate liability for these matters is uncertain, and if accruals are not adequate, an adverse outcome could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations. The Company maintains insurance coverage above certain limits.

Commitments

The following table presents the Company’s purchase commitments at March 31, 2024.  Purchase commitments primarily include contractual commitments for the purchase of data, hosting services, software-as-a-service arrangements and leasehold improvements. The table does not include the future payment of liabilities related to uncertain tax positions of $25.3 million as the Company is not able to predict the periods in which the payments will be made (dollars in thousands):

	For the years ending March 31,
	2025		2026		2027		2028		Total
Purchase commitments	$	88,432	$	17,226	$	4,606	$	3,375	$	113,639

While the Company does not have any other material contractual commitments for capital expenditures, certain levels of investments in facilities and computer equipment continue to be necessary to support the growth of the business. 

14.    STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION:

The Company has authorized 200 million shares of $0.10 par value common stock and 1 million shares of $1.00 par value preferred stock. The board of directors of the Company may designate the relative rights and preferences of the preferred stock when and if issued. Such rights and preferences could include liquidation preferences, redemption rights, voting rights and dividends, and the shares could be issued in multiple series with different rights and preferences. There has not been any preferred stock activity in the periods presented.

F-46

On August 29, 2011, the board of directors adopted a common stock repurchase program.  That program was subsequently modified and expanded, most recently on December 20, 2022, to authorize an additional $100.0 million in share repurchases and extend the term of the existing common stock repurchase program. Under the modified common stock repurchase program, the Company may purchase up to $1.1 billion of its common stock through the period ending December 31, 2024. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 2.1 million shares of its common stock for $60.5 million under the stock repurchase program. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 6.1 million shares of its common stock for $150.0 million under the stock repurchase program. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 1.3 million shares of its common stock for $58.6 million under the stock repurchase program. Through March 31, 2024, the Company has repurchased 37.7 million shares of its common stock for $942.7 million, leaving remaining capacity of $157.3 million under the stock repurchase program. 

The Company paid no dividends on its common stock for any of the years reported.

Stock-based Compensation Plans

The Company has stock option, equity compensation, and stock purchase plans for which a total of 49.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock have been reserved for issuance since the inception of the plans. At March 31, 2024, there were a total of 6.8 million shares available for future grants under the plans, of which 0.9 million shares relate to the Company's qualified employee stock purchase plan.

During fiscal 2024, the board of directors voted to amend the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan (the "2005 Plan") to increase the number of shares available under the plan by 4.0 million shares. The amendment received shareholder approval at the August 2023 annual shareholders' meeting (the "2023 Annual Meeting"). This increased the plan shares from 42.4 million shares at March 31, 2023 to 46.4 million shares beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2023 and increased the total number of shares reserved for issuance since inception of all plans from 45.0 million shares at March 31, 2023 to 49.0 million shares beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

During fiscal 2023, the board of directors voted to amend the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan (the "2005 Plan") to increase the number of shares available under the plan by 4.5 million shares. The amendment received shareholder approval at the August 9, 2022 annual shareholders' meeting (the "2022 Annual Meeting"), bringing the plan shares from 37.9 million shares at June 30, 2022 to 42.4 million shares beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2022. The board of directors also voted to amend the LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") to increase the number of shares available under the plan by 1.0 million shares. The amendment received shareholder approval at the 2022 Annual Meeting bringing the ESPP shares from 0.4 million shares at June 30, 2022 to 1.4 million shares beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2022. These actions bring the total number of shares reserved for issuance since inception of all plans from 39.5 million shares at June 30, 2022 to 45.0 million shares beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

During fiscal 2023, the board of directors voted to further amend the Company's 2005 Plan. The 2005 Plan was amended to provide that, in the event of a participant’s retirement on or after age 65 with at least five years of service, awards held by the participant at retirement will continue to vest in accordance with their terms. This amendment to the 2005 Plan impacted stock-based compensation expense by accelerating $5.4 million of expense recognition into fiscal 2023 that would have otherwise been recognized over future reporting periods through the quarter ending December 31, 2025.

F-47

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The Company's stock-based compensation activity for fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022, by award type, was (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Stock options	$	1,014	$	968	$	1,935
Restricted stock units, time-vesting	56,583		105,147		49,217
Restricted stock units, performance based	7,403		6,796		6,791
Diablo restricted stock awards	—		1,126		794
Habu restricted stock awards	144		—		—
Data Plus Math ("DPM") acquisition consideration holdback	—		2,031		8,122
Pacific Data Partners assumed performance plan	—		—		9,101
Acuity performance plan	165		815		1,912
DataFleets acquisition consideration holdback	2,266		5,611		6,043
Habu acquisition consideration holdback	813		—		—
Employee stock purchase plan	1,666		2,051		1,803
Directors stock-based compensation	1,250		1,255		1,539
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	71,304		125,800		87,257
Less expense related to liability-based equity awards	(3,247)		(8,449)		(16,077)
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of equity	$	68,057	$	117,351	$	71,180

The effect of stock-based compensation expense on income, by financial statement line item, was (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	3,553	$	6,317	$	4,111
Research and development	27,189		55,407		32,112
Sales and marketing	18,948		29,429		28,586
General and administrative	21,614		34,647		22,448
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	$	71,304	$	125,800	$	87,257

In March 2023, the Company accelerated the vesting of certain time-vesting restricted stock units that would have otherwise vested over the following six months to take advantage of cash tax savings opportunities. This resulted in the vesting of time-vesting restricted stock units covering approximately 1.5 million shares of common stock. The Company recognized $22.6 million of compensation costs related to the accelerated vesting of these units, which is included in loss from operations in the consolidated statement of operations in fiscal 2023. Of the $22.6 million of compensation costs, $0.4 million represented incremental compensation cost due to the modification and $22.1 million represented accelerated original grant date fair value compensation cost.

F-48

The following table provides the expected future expense for all of the Company's outstanding equity awards at March 31, 2024, by award type (dollars in thousands).

	For the years ending
	2025		2026		2027		2028		Total
Stock options	$	3,260	$	2,488	$	1,251	$	102	$	7,101
Restricted stock units	83,397		36,461		9,900		—		129,758
Habu restricted stock awards	857		273		6		—		1,136
Habu acquisition consideration holdback	4,879		4,879		4,067		—		13,825
Employee stock purchase plan	337		—		—		—		337
Expected future expense	$	92,730	$	44,101	$	15,224	$	102	$	152,157

Stock Options Activity

In fiscal 2024, in connection with the acquisition of Habu, the Company replaced all unvested outstanding stock options held by Habu employees immediately prior to the acquisition with options to acquire shares of LiveRamp common stock having substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable under the original options (see Note 5). In total, the Company issued 252,364 replacement options at a weighted-average exercise price of $8.91 per share. The acquisition-date fair value of the replacement stock options was $7.9 million and was determined using a binomial lattice model. Of the $7.9 million acquisition-date fair value, $0.3 million was attributed to pre-combination service and treated as a component of purchase consideration transferred. The remaining $7.5 million of acquisition-date fair value is considered future compensation cost and will be recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the remaining service period of the replacement options.

Stock option activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:  

				Weighted average
		Weighted average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	exercise price		contractual term	Intrinsic value
	shares	per share		(In years)	(In thousands)
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	524,911	$	18.39
Habu replacement stock options issued	252,364	$	8.91
Exercised	(152,743)	$	19.24		$	898
Forfeited or canceled	(2,410)	$	5.21
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	622,122	$	14.39	4.0	$	12,213
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	388,741	$	17.67	1.3	$	6,354

The aggregate intrinsic value for options exercised in fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $0.9 million, $3.7 million, and $4.3 million, respectively.  The aggregate intrinsic value at period end represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between LiveRamp’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period and the exercise price for each in-the-money option) that would have been received by the option holders had they exercised their options on March 31, 2024.  This amount changes based upon changes in the fair market value of LiveRamp’s common stock.

F-49

A summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable as of March 31, 2024 was:

					Options outstanding				Options exercisable
Range of						Weighted average	Weighted average			Weighted average
exercise price					Options	remaining	exercise price		Options	exercise price
per share					outstanding	contractual life	per share		exercisable	per share
$	—	—	$	9.99	274,869	8.2 years	$	8.26	41,488	$	4.58
$	10.00	—	$	19.99	182,603	1.1 years	$	17.49	182,603	$	17.49
$	20.00	—	$	24.99	164,650	0.3 years	$	21.18	164,650	$	21.18
					622,122	4.0 years	$	14.39	388,741	$	17.67

Restricted Stock Awards

During fiscal 2024, in connection with the acquisition of Habu, the Company replaced the unvested outstanding restricted stock shares held by Habu employees immediately prior to the acquisition with restricted shares of LiveRamp common stock having substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable under the original restricted stock agreement (see Note 5). The conversion calculation resulted in the issuance of 36,118 replacement restricted stock shares having an acquisition-date fair value of $1.4 million. Of the $1.4 million acquisition-date fair value, $0.1 million was attributed to pre-combination service and treated as a component of purchase consideration transferred. The remaining $1.3 million of acquisition-date fair value is considered future compensation cost and will be recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the remaining service period of the replacement restricted stock shares.

During fiscal 2022, in connection with the acquisition of Diablo, the Company replaced the unvested outstanding restricted stock shares held by a Diablo employee immediately prior to the acquisition with restricted shares of LiveRamp common stock having substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable under the original restricted stock agreement (see Note 5). The conversion calculation resulted in issuance of 40,600 replacement restricted stock shares having an acquisition-date fair value of $1.9 million. The restricted shares vest subject to post-combination service requirements. As a result, the acquisition-date fair value is considered future compensation cost and was recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the vesting period of the replacement stock shares.

Restricted stock share activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:

		Weighted average
		fair value per		Weighted average
	Number	share at grant		remaining contractual
	of shares	date		term (in years)
Unvested restricted stock awards at March 31, 2023	—	$	—
Habu replacement restricted stock award	36,118	$	39.48
Vested	—	$	—
Unvested restricted stock awards at March 31, 2024	36,118	$	39.48	1.3 years

The total fair value of restricted stock awards vested during fiscal years 2023 and 2022 was $0.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, and is measured as the quoted market price of the Company's common stock on the vesting date for the number of shares vested. No restricted stock awards vested during fiscal 2024.

Restricted Stock Unit Activity

Time-vesting restricted stock units ("RSUs") -

During fiscal 2024, the Company granted time-vesting RSUs covering 1,783,478 shares of common stock and having a fair value at the date of grant of $48.6 million. Of the RSUs granted in the current year, 999,987 vest over three years and 783,491 vest over two years. Grant date fair value of these units is equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant.

F-50

During fiscal 2024, in connection with the acquisition of Habu, the Company replaced the unvested outstanding time-vesting RSUs held by Habu employees immediately prior to the acquisition with LiveRamp RSUs covering 410,853 shares of common stock having an acquisition-date fair value of $16.2 million (see Note 5). The replacement RSUs have substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable under the original RSU agreement. The replacement RSUs vest subject to post-combination service requirements, as the awards were granted in conjunction with the closing of the acquisition. As a result, the acquisition-date fair value is considered future compensation cost and will be recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the vesting period of the replacement RSUs. At March 31, 2024, the replacement RSUs had a remaining weighted-average contractual term of 2.8 years.

During fiscal 2023, the Company granted time-vesting RSUs covering 4,352,078 shares of common stock and having a fair value at the date of grant of $107.2 million. The RSUs granted in fiscal 2023 primarily vest over three years. Grant date fair value of these units is equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant.

During fiscal 2022, the Company granted time-vesting RSUs covering 3,037,440 shares of common stock and having a fair value at the date of grant of $143.4 million. The RSUs granted in fiscal 2022 primarily vest over four years. Grant date fair value of these units is equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant. Included in the RSUs granted in fiscal 2022 were units related to the Diablo and Rakam acquisitions (see Note 5). Following the closing of the Diablo acquisition, the Company granted new awards of RSUs covering 98,442 shares of common stock, and having a grant date fair value of $4.7 million, to select employees to induce them to accept employment with the Company. In connection with the Rakam acquisition, the Company extended employment agreements and granted new awards of RSUs, covering 55,927 shares of common stock having a grant date fair value of $2.6 million, to two key Rakam employees.

RSU activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:

		Weighted-average
		fair value per		Weighted-average
	Number	share at grant		remaining contractual
	of shares	date		term (in years)
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	4,009,759	$	32.57	2.20
Granted	1,783,478	$	27.26
Habu replacement restricted stock units	410,853	$	39.48
Vested	(1,366,265)	$	32.20
Forfeited or canceled	(436,312)	$	33.32
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	4,401,513	$	31.10	1.64

The total fair value of RSUs vested during fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $45.3 million, $71.5 million, and $30.3 million, respectively, and is measured as the quoted market price of the Company's common stock on the vesting date for the number of shares vested.

Performance-based restricted stock units ("PSUs") -

Fiscal 2024 plan:

During fiscal 2024, the Company granted PSUs covering 666,496 shares of common stock having a fair value at the date of grant of $21.0 million. The grants were made under two separate performance plans.

Under the total shareholder return ("TSR") performance plan, units covering 199,946 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $8.4 million, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model.  The units vest subject to attainment of market conditions established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units may vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, based on the TSR of LiveRamp common stock compared to the TSR of the Russell 2000 market index for the period from April 1, 2023 to March 31, 2026.

F-51

Under the operating metrics performance plan, units covering 466,550 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $12.6 million, which was equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant. The units vest subject to attainment of performance criteria established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units may vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, at the end of the performance period, based on the average attainment of annual revenue growth and EBITDA margin targets for fiscal years 2024, 2025, and 2026.

Fiscal 2023 plan:

During fiscal 2023, the Company granted PSUs covering 406,501 shares of common stock having a fair value at the date of grant of $10.0 million. The grants were made under two separate performance plans.

Under the total shareholder return ("TSR") performance plan, units covering 121,951 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $3.7 million, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model.  The units vest subject to attainment of market conditions established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units may vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, based on the TSR of LiveRamp common stock compared to the TSR of the Russell 2000 market index for the period from April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2024, 101,931 units, net of forfeitures, remain eligible for award under this plan.

Under the operating metrics performance plan, units covering 284,550 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $6.3 million, which was equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant. The units vest subject to attainment of performance criteria established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units may vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, at the end of the performance period, based on the average attainment of annual revenue growth and EBITDA margin targets for fiscal years 2023, 2024, and 2025. As of March 31, 2024, 237,837 units, net of forfeitures, remain eligible for award under this plan.

Fiscal 2022 plans:

During fiscal 2022, the Company granted PSUs covering 249,152 shares of common stock having a fair value at the date of grant of $12.6 million. The grants were made under three separate performance plans.

Under a special incentive performance plan, units covering 36,425 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $1.7 million, which was equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant. The units were eligible to vest subject to attainment of performance criteria established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units could vest in a number of shares from 0% to 100% of the award, based on the attainment of key productivity metrics for the period beginning at the date of grant and continuing through December 31, 2023. Through the final measurement date at December 31, 2023, an accumulated 77% achievement, or 27,959 total units were earned and vested under this plan.

Under the fiscal 2022 TSR performance plan, units covering 63,815 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $3.8 million, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model.  The units were eligible to vest subject to attainment of market conditions established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date.  The units could vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, based on the TSR of LiveRamp common stock compared to the TSR of the Russell 2000 market index for the period from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2024. The final performance measurement resulted in approximately 51% attainment, or 20,968 shares. The shares are expected to be delivered, and approximately 20,330 units were canceled, in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 subject to talent and compensation committee approval.

F-52

Under the fiscal 2022 operating metrics performance plan, units covering 148,912 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $7.1 million, which was equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant. The units were eligible to vest subject to attainment of performance criteria established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units could vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, based on the attainment of trailing twelve-month revenue growth and EBITDA margin targets for the period from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2024. Performance was measured and vesting evaluated on a quarterly basis beginning with the period ending June 30, 2022 and continuing through the end of the performance period. Through the March 31, 2024 final measurement date, an accumulated approximate 59% achievement, or 67,283 total units were earned under this plan. Of the total units earned, 58,312 shares have been delivered to participants in prior measurement periods. The remaining 8,971 units are expected to be delivered, and approximately 39,211 units were canceled, in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 subject to talent and compensation committee approval.

PSU activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:

		Weighted-average
		fair value per		Weighted-average
	Number	share at grant		remaining contractual
	of shares	date		term (in years)
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	709,589	$	34.97	1.38
Granted	666,496	$	31.58
Vested	(57,114)	$	47.12
Forfeited or canceled	(223,223)	$	40.46
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	1,095,748	$	31.15	1.61

The total fair value of PSUs vested in fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $1.5 million, $3.0 million and $6.7 million, respectively, and is measured as the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date for the number of shares vested.

Other Stock Compensation Activity

Acquisition-related Consideration Holdback

During fiscal 2024, in connection with the acquisition of Habu, $14.6 million of the acquisition consideration otherwise payable with respect to incentive compensation and shares of Habu common stock held by certain key employees was subject to holdback by the Company pursuant to agreements with those employees (each, a "Holdback Agreement"). Each Holdback Agreement specifies that the consideration holdback will vest in three equal annual increments on the anniversary of the January 31, 2024 closing date. Vesting is subject to the Habu key employees' continued employment through each annual vesting date and will be settled in cash, shares of Company common stock, or any combination of cash and Company common stock, at the Company's discretion. Through March 31, 2024, the Company has recognized a total of $0.8 million as stock-based compensation expense related to the Habu consideration holdback. At March 31, 2024, the recognized, but unpaid, balance related to the Habu consideration holdback in other accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet was $0.8 million. The first annual settlement of $4.9 million is expected to occur in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 (see Note 5).

As part of the Company's fiscal 2021 acquisition of DataFleets, $18.1 million of the acquisition consideration otherwise payable with respect to shares of DataFleets common stock held by certain key employees was subject to holdback by the Company pursuant to agreements with those employees (each, a "Holdback Agreement"). Each Holdback Agreement specified that the consideration holdback would vest in three equal annual increments on the anniversary of the closing date (which date may be changed by the board of directors to an earlier date). Vesting was subject to the DataFleets key employees' continued employment through each annual vesting date and would be settled in shares of Company common stock. The final annual settlement of $2.6 million was made in the third quarter of fiscal 2024.

F-53

Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP")

Under the Company's ESPP, all eligible employees are permitted to authorize payroll deductions of up to the applicable ESPP and statutory limits to purchase shares of common stock. The ESPP provides for offering periods that are generally every six months. ESPP purchases generally occur on May 31st and November 30th each year. At each purchase date, employees are able to purchase shares at 85% of the lower of (1) the closing market price per share of common stock on the employee's enrollment into the applicable offering period and (2) the closing market price per share of common stock on the purchase date.

The Company calculates the fair value of the ESPP purchase right using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based compensation expense associated with the ESPP was $1.7 million, $2.1 million and $1.8 million for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

During fiscal 2024, 216,699 shares of common stock were purchased under the ESPP at a weighted-average price of $19.76 per share, resulting in cash proceeds of $4.3 million over the relevant offering periods. During fiscal 2023, 197,255 shares of common stock were purchased under the ESPP at a weighted-average price of $20.38 per share, resulting in cash proceeds of $4.0 million over the relevant offering periods. During fiscal 2022, 103,447 shares of common stock were purchased under the ESPP at a weighted-average price of $41.44 per share, resulting in cash proceeds of $4.3 million over the relevant offering periods.

At March 31, 2024, there was approximately $0.3 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP, which is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the current offering period.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Accumulated other comprehensive income accumulated balances of $4.0 million and $4.5 million at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, reflect accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments.

15.    INCOME TAX:

Total income tax expense (benefit) was allocated as follows (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Continuing operations	$	24,270	$	5,252	$	(1,242)
Discontinued operations	(2,332)		(7,070)		—
	$	21,938	$	(1,818)	$	(1,242)

F-54

Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to continuing operations consists of (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Current:
U.S. Federal	$	21,014	$	6,325	$	(1,227)
Non-U.S.	662		1,086		305
State	3,384		(2,274)		1,220
	25,060		5,137		298
Deferred:
U.S. Federal	(101)		155		(895)
Non-U.S.	(387)		(83)		(608)
State	(302)		43		(37)
	(790)		115		(1,540)
Total	$	24,270	$	5,252	$	(1,242)

Income (loss) before income tax attributable to U.S. and non-U.S. continuing operations consists of (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
U.S.	$	33,892	$	(122,994)	$	(37,415)
Non-U.S.	469		4,140		2,340
Total	$	34,361	$	(118,854)	$	(35,075)

Income (loss) before income taxes, as shown above, is based on the location of the entity to which such income (loss) is attributable.  However, since such income (loss) may be subject to taxation in more than one country, the income tax expense (benefit) shown above as U.S. or non-U.S. may not correspond to the income (loss) shown above.

Below is a reconciliation of expected income tax expense (benefit), computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% to income (loss) before income taxes, to actual income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)	$	7,216	$	(24,959)	$	(7,366)
Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2,494		(2,440)		691
Research and other tax credits	(3,012)		(4,363)		(3,107)
Nondeductible expenses	2,169		669		673
Stock-based compensation	2,013		3,486		5,576
Non-U.S. subsidiaries taxed at other rates	(1,036)		491		(364)
Adjustment to valuation allowances	14,209		33,197		2,520
Other, net	217		(829)		135
	$	24,270	$	5,252	$	(1,242)

F-55

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. enacted The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). The CARES Act included several significant changes and clarifications to existing tax law, including changes to the treatment of net operating losses (“NOLs”). Under the CARES Act, NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2021, may be carried back to each of the five tax years preceding the tax year of the loss. The Company carried back its fiscal 2021 NOL, resulting in a refund of approximately $29 million, which was received during fiscal 2024. The Company also carried back its fiscal 2020 NOL, resulting in a refund of approximately $33 million, which was received in fiscal 2022.

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at March 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented below (dollars in thousands).  

	March 31,
	2024		2023
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$	5,849	$	5,287
Lease liabilities	10,107		11,613
Net operating loss carryforwards	30,408		22,504
Stock-based compensation	7,346		3,335
Nonqualified deferred compensation	2,809		2,797
Property and equipment	—		585
Tax credit carryforwards	9,764		7,779
Capitalized research and development	45,499		26,357
Other	1,477		253
Total deferred tax assets	113,259		80,510
Less valuation allowance	(81,284)		(61,152)
Net deferred tax assets	31,975		19,358
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	(2,821)		(2,411)
Property and equipment	(1,976)		—
Right-of-use assets	(6,186)		(6,011)
Intangible assets	(7,118)		(829)
Deferred commissions	(12,098)		(9,153)
Other	(364)		—
Total deferred tax liabilities	(30,563)		(18,404)
Net deferred tax assets	$	1,412	$	954

At March 31, 2024, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $35.2 million and $130.7 million for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. The federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely. Of the state net operating loss carryforwards, $16.6 million will not expire and the remainder will expire in various amounts and will completely expire if not used by 2043. The Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $94.7 million. Of this amount, $83.2 million will not expire. The remainder expires in various amounts and will completely expire if not used by 2031. The Company has U.S. federal credit carryforwards of $0.8 million, which will expire if not used by 2044. The Company has U.S. state credit carryforwards of $12.6 million, of which $10.9 million will not expire and the remainder will expire in various amounts and will completely expire if not used by 2039.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Realization of the Company’s net deferred tax assets is dependent upon its generation of sufficient taxable income of the proper character in future years in appropriate tax jurisdictions to obtain benefit from the reversal of temporary differences and the use of net operating loss and credit carryforwards. 

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Based upon the weight of available evidence, including the Company’s history of losses from continuing operations, management believes that it is not more likely than not the Company will realize the benefits of its deductible temporary differences and net operating loss and credit carryforwards. Accordingly, the Company has established a full valuation allowance against its net U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Based upon the Company's history of losses in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions, the Company has not recorded a benefit for current foreign losses in these jurisdictions. In addition, management believes it is not more likely than not the Company will realize the benefits of certain foreign net operating loss carryforwards and has established valuation allowances in the amount of $21.6 million against deferred tax assets in such jurisdictions. No valuation allowance has been established against deferred tax assets in non-U.S. jurisdictions in which historical profits and forecasted continuing profits exist.

The current year increase in the valuation allowance is primarily attributable to the impact of the capitalization of research and development expenditures in accordance with IRC Section 174, as modified by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.

The following table sets forth changes in the total gross unrecognized tax benefits for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	21,624	$	23,817	$	25,026
Increases related to prior year tax positions	741		93		411
Decreases related to prior year tax positions	(246)		(522)		—
Increases related to current year tax positions	1,179		2,229		990
Settlements with taxing authorities	—		(166)		—
Lapse of statute of limitations	(376)		(3,827)		(2,610)
Balance at end of period	$	22,922	$	21,624	$	23,817

Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2024 was $22.9 million, of which $19.5 million would reduce the Company’s effective tax rate in future periods if and when realized. The Company reports accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions on tax returns was approximately $6.4 million as of March 31, 2024. Accrued interest and penalties increased by $1.6 million during fiscal 2024. The Company does not anticipate a material reduction of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and tax returns in various state and local jurisdictions.  The Company’s subsidiaries also file tax returns in various foreign jurisdictions in which they operate.  In the U.S., the statute of limitations for Internal Revenue Service examinations remains open for the Company’s federal income tax returns for fiscal years after 2015. The Company’s federal income tax return for fiscal year 2019 is currently under Internal Revenue Service examination. The status of other U.S. state and foreign tax examinations varies by jurisdiction.  The Company does not anticipate any material adjustments to its consolidated financial statements resulting from tax examinations currently in progress.

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16.    RETIREMENT PLANS:

The Company has a qualified 401(k) retirement savings plan that covers substantially all U.S. employees.  The Company also offers a supplemental non-qualified deferred compensation plan (“SNQDC Plan”) for certain highly-compensated employees. The Company matches 100% of the first 6% of each participating employee's annual aggregate contributions. The Company may also contribute additional amounts to the plans at the discretion of the board of directors.

Company contributions for the above plans amounted to approximately $12.1 million, $11.6 million, and $10.1 million in fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.  Included in both other current assets and other accrued liabilities are the assets and liabilities of the SNQDC Plan in the amount of $14.3 million and $12.1 million at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

17.    FOREIGN OPERATIONS:

The Company attributes revenue to each geographic region based on the location of the Company’s operations. The following table shows financial information by geographic area (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
Revenue	2024		2023		2022
United States	$	618,526	$	556,219	$	495,765
Foreign
Europe	34,109		32,210		26,373
APAC	5,896		7,470		6,519
Other	1,130		684		—
All Foreign	41,135		40,364		32,892
	$	659,661	$	596,583	$	528,657

Long-lived assets excluding financial instruments (dollars in thousands):

	March 31,
	2024		2023
United States	$	626,639	$	452,555
Foreign
Europe	1,993		1,643
APAC	656		3,946
Other	123		—
All Foreign	2,772		5,589
	$	629,411	$	458,144

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18.    FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS:

The Company measures certain financial assets at fair value. Fair value is determined based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, as determined by either the principal market or the most advantageous market. Inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values are classified based on a three-level hierarchy, as follows:

•Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of assets or liabilities.

The following table details the fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial assets and liabilities at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (dollars in thousands):

 

	March 31, 2024
	Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Investments		Other Current Assets		Total
Cash	$	33,224	$	—	$	—	$	33,224
Level 1:
Money market funds	303,643		—		—		303,643
Assets of non-qualified retirement plan	—		—		14,284		14,284
U.S. Treasury securities	—		24,545		—		24,545
Certificates of deposit	—		7,500		—		7,500
Total	$	336,867	$	32,045	$	14,284	$	383,196
	March 31, 2023
	Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Investments		Other Current Assets		Total
Cash	$	22,603	$	—	$	—	$	22,603
Level 1:
Money market funds	439,853		—		—		439,853
Assets of non-qualified retirement plan	—		—		12,110		12,110
U.S. Treasury securities	1,992		25,307		—		27,299
Certificates of deposit	—		7,500		—		7,500
Total	$	464,448	$	32,807	$	12,110	$	509,365

For certain financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, the carrying amounts approximate their fair value due to the relatively short maturity of these balances.

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The Company held $2.7 million and $1.6 million of strategic investments without readily determinable fair values at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively (see Note 7). Strategic investments consist of non-controlling equity investments in privately held companies. These investments are accounted for under the cost method of accounting and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. There were no impairment charges during fiscal 2024. During fiscal 2023, the Company recorded a $4.0 million impairment of a strategic investment that is recorded in other expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Certain of the Company's non-financial assets were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during fiscal years 2024 and 2023, respectively, including property and equipment and right-of-use assets that were reduced to fair value when they were impaired as a result of the Company's lease-related restructuring plans and goodwill that was reduced to fair value related to the restructuring of operations in the APAC region. For additional information on the Company's fair value measurement in connection with the impairment of certain property and equipment and right-of-use assets associated with office facilities, see Note 4. For additional information on the Company's fair value measurement in connection with the impairment of goodwill, see Note 9.

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EX-3.2

EXHIBIT 3.2

Effective as of May 21, 2024

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

BYLAWS

OF

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC.

ARTICLE I. OFFICES

The registered office of LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. (referred to herein as the “Corporation”) shall be located in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The principal office of the Corporation shall be located in the City of San Francisco, County of San Francisco, State of California. The Corporation may have such other offices, either within or without the States of Delaware and California, as the Board of Directors may designate or as the business of the Corporation may require from time to time.

ARTICLE II. SHAREHOLDERS

SECTION 1.    Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the shareholders shall be held after the Corporation’s fiscal year end on such date and at such time as determined annually by the Board of Directors for the purpose of electing directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting.

SECTION 2.    Inspectors of Election. The Corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of the shareholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and to make a written report thereof. The Corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of the shareholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. The inspectors shall: (i) ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each; (ii) determine the shares represented at a meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots; (iii) count all votes and ballots; (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspector(s); and (v) certify their determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting, and the count of all votes and ballots. The inspector(s) may appoint or retain other persons or entities to assist the inspector(s) in the performance of the duties set forth in this Section 2.

SECTION 3.    Special Meetings. Special meetings of the shareholders, for any purpose or purposes, may be called by the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Board of Directors, or by a committee of the Board of Directors that has been duly designated by the Board and whose power and authority, as expressly provided in these Bylaws or in a resolution of the Board, include the power to call such meetings, and a special meeting shall be called by the Chief Executive Officer or the President at the request of the holders of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered at such special meeting, if such holders have signed, dated, and delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation one or more written demands for the meeting describing the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held.

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SECTION 4.    Place of Meeting. Unless otherwise prescribed by statute, the Board of Directors may designate any place, either within or without the States of Delaware or California, as the place of meeting for any annual or special meeting of the shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board of Directors may determine that any annual or special meeting of the shareholders shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held by means of remote communications to the extent permitted by Delaware law. A waiver of notice signed by all shareholders entitled to vote at a meeting may designate any place, whether within or without the States of Delaware or California, unless otherwise prescribed by statute, as the place for the holding of such meeting or that the meeting shall not be held at any place but instead by means of remote communication. If no designation is made, the place of meeting shall be the principal office of the Corporation in the State of California.

SECTION 5.    Notice of Meeting. Unless otherwise prescribed by applicable law, written notice stating the place, date and time of the meeting, and in case of a special meeting the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given either by mail, electronically, or in person to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting, not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to have been given and delivered when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to the shareholder at the shareholder’s address as it appears on the stock transfer books of the Corporation.

SECTION 6.    Date for Determination of Shareholders of Record. In order that the Corporation may determine the shareholders (i) entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders or any adjournment thereof or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, (ii) entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, (iii) entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion, or exchange of stock, or (iv) for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of any such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action. If no record date is fixed: (i) the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; (ii) the record date for determining shareholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or the Secretary of the Corporation; and (iii) the record date for determining shareholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the date on which the Board of Directors adopts a resolution relating thereto. A determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

SECTION 7.    List of Shareholders Entitled to Vote. After fixing the record date for a meeting, the Secretary shall prepare an alphabetical listing of the names of all of the shareholders of the Corporation who are entitled to notice of the shareholders’ meeting, which list must be

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arranged by voting group and must show the address of and number of shares held by each such shareholder. The shareholders’ list shall be open to the examination of any shareholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal office of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, the shareholders’ list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any shareholder who is present.

SECTION 8.    Quorum; Vote Required For Action. Unless otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on a matter by the shareholders of the Corporation represented in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum for purposes of such matter at any meeting of shareholders. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum. A majority of the votes cast at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall decide every question or matter submitted to the shareholders at such meeting, unless otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws.

SECTION 9.    Proxies. Each shareholder entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders may authorize another person or persons to act for such shareholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its effective date, unless the proxy expressly provides for a longer period. A duly executed proxy shall be revocable unless the appointment form conspicuously states that it is irrevocable and is coupled with an interest sufficient at law to support an irrevocable power. An irrevocable proxy is revoked when the interest with which it is coupled is extinguished. A shareholder may revoke any proxy which is not irrevocable by attending the meeting and voting in person or by filing with the Secretary of the Corporation an instrument in writing revoking the proxy or another duly executed proxy bearing a later date. Proxies shall be dated and shall be filed with the records of the meeting.

SECTION 10.    Adjournments. Any meeting of shareholders, annual or special, at which a quorum is present may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place or by means of remote communication, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, thereof and the means of remote communication, if any, are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of shareholders, the shareholders entitled to vote at such meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, may adjourn the meeting from time to time (without notice other than announcement at the meeting) until a quorum is present. At the adjourned meeting the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting in the manner provided in these Bylaws.

SECTION 11.    Organization. Meetings of shareholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, or in the absence of the foregoing persons by a presiding officer designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation by a presiding officer chosen at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in the absence of the Secretary the presiding officer of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may adopt by resolution such rules, regulations and procedures for the conduct

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of any meeting of shareholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules, regulations and procedures as adopted by the Board of Directors, the presiding officer of any meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such presiding officer, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting.

SECTION 12.    Voting of Shares. Subject to the provisions of these Bylaws, and particularly the following section hereof, each outstanding share of common stock of the Corporation entitled to vote with respect to a particular matter shall be entitled to one vote upon such matter when submitted to a vote of shareholders.

SECTION 13.    Voting of Shares by Certain Holders.

(a)    Shares standing in the name of another corporation may be voted by such officer, agent or proxy as the bylaws of such corporation may prescribe, or, in the absence of such provision, as the board of directors of such corporation may determine.

(b)    Shares held by an administrator, executor, guardian or conservator may be voted by such person, either in person or by proxy, without a transfer of such shares into such person’s name. Shares standing in the name of a trustee may be voted by the trustee, either in person or by proxy, but no trustee shall be entitled to vote shares held as trustee without a transfer of such shares into such trustee’s name.

(c)    Shares standing in the name of a receiver may be voted by such receiver and shares held by or under the control of a receiver may be voted by such receiver without the transfer thereof into the receiver’s name, if authority so to do is contained in an appropriate order of the court by which such receiver was appointed.

(d)    Persons whose stock is pledged shall be entitled to vote the shares so pledged, unless in the transfer by the pledgor on the books of the Corporation such person has expressly empowered the pledgee to vote such shares, in which case only the pledgee, or such pledgee’s proxy, may represent and vote such shares.

(e)    Shares of the Corporation’s own stock and held as treasury shares or otherwise belonging to the Corporation shall not be voted, directly or indirectly, at any meeting, and shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time.

SECTION 14.    Action by Shareholders. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting if one or more written consents, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by all of the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof. All written consents executed by one or more shareholders shall be included in the minutes or filed with the corporate records. If it is required by law that notice of the proposed action be given to non-voting shareholders and the action is to be taken by written consent of the voting shareholders, the Corporation shall give its non-voting shareholders written notice of the proposed action in accordance with the law requiring the giving of such notice.

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SECTION 15.    Nominations for Directors.

(a)    Nominations for election to the Board of Directors at any annual or special meeting of shareholders called for the purpose of electing directors may be made (i) by the Board of Directors, or by a committee of the Board of Directors which has been duly designated by the Board of Directors and whose powers and authority, as expressly provided in these Bylaws or in a resolution of the Board of Directors, include the power to nominate directors; or (ii) by any shareholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors who (A) is a shareholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 15 of Article II and on the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such annual or special meeting, and (B) complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 15 of Article II. For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing clause (ii) and Section 16 of Article II shall be the sole and exclusive means for a shareholder to make nominations or propose business (other than business included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (such act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the “Exchange Act”)), respectively, at an annual or special meeting of shareholders, and such shareholder must fully comply with the notice and other procedures set forth in this Section 15 of Article II to make such nominations or Section 16 of Article II to propose business before an annual or special meeting.

(b)    Nominations by a shareholder shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a shareholder’s notice shall be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal office of the Corporation (i) with respect to an election to be held at an annual meeting of shareholders, not less than 60 nor more than 90 calendar days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting of shareholders; provided, however, that if the date of the annual meeting is advanced more than 30 calendar days prior to or delayed by more than 30 calendar days after the anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, notice by the shareholder to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th calendar day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th calendar day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such meeting is first made; and (ii) with respect to an election to be held at a special meeting of shareholders, not later than the close of business on the 90th calendar day prior to such special meeting or the 10th calendar day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such meeting is first made. Each shareholder nomination shall have also complied in all respects with the requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, if applicable, the requirements of Rule 14a-19 (as such rule and regulations may be amended from time to time by the Securities and Exchange Commission, including any Securities and Exchange Commission Staff interpretations relating thereto), and the Board of Directors or an executive officer designated thereby shall have determined that the shareholder has satisfied the requirements of this Section 15 of Article II. For purposes of this Section 15 of Article II and Section 16 of Article II, “public disclosure” means disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or a comparable national news service or in a document filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act, or furnished by the Corporation to its shareholders. In no event will a postponement, adjournment or rescheduling of an annual or special meeting, or the public announcement thereof, commence a new time period for the making of a shareholder’s nomination as described above.

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(c)    To be in proper written form, a shareholder’s notice under this Section 15 of Article II shall set forth:

(i) as to each person whom the shareholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director, (A) the name, age, business address, and residence address of such person, (B) the principal occupation or employment of such person, (C) (1) the class or series and number of all shares of stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially or of record by such person and any affiliates or associates of such person, (2) the name of each nominee holder of shares of stock of the Corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such person or any affiliates or associates of such person, and the number of shares of stock of the Corporation held by each such nominee holder, (3) whether and the extent to which any derivative instrument, swap, option, warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest or other transaction has been entered into by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to any stock of the Corporation, and (4) whether and the extent to which any other transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short position or any borrowing or lending of shares of stock of the Corporation) has been made by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, the effect or intent of any of the foregoing being to mitigate loss to, or to manage risk or benefit of stock price changes for, such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, or to increase or decrease the voting power or pecuniary or economic interest of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to stock of the Corporation, (D) such other information as the Corporation may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of such person to serve as a director of the Corporation and to determine the independence of such director under the Exchange Act and rules and regulations thereunder and applicable stock exchange rules, and (E) any other information regarding each such person as would be required to be disclosed under the proxy solicitation rules of the SEC if proxies were to be solicited for the election of such person so proposed (including, without limitation, such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy materials as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); and

(ii) as to the shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made, (A) the name and record address of the shareholder giving the notice and the name and principal place of business of such beneficial owner, (B) (1) the class or series and number of all shares of stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially or of record by such person and any affiliates or associates of such person, (2) the name of each nominee holder of shares of stock of the Corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such person or any affiliates or associates of such person, and the number of shares of stock of the Corporation held by each such nominee holder, (3) whether and the extent to which any derivative instrument, swap, option, warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest or other transaction has been entered into by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to stock of the Corporation, and (4) whether and the extent to which any other transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short position or any borrowing or lending of shares of stock of the Corporation) has been made by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, the effect or intent of any of the foregoing being to mitigate loss to, or to manage risk or benefit of stock price changes for, such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, or to increase or decrease the voting power or

6

pecuniary or economic interest of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to stock of the Corporation, (C) a description of all agreements, arrangements, or understandings (whether written or oral) between such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, and any proposed nominee or any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are being made by such person, and any material interest of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, in such nomination, including any anticipated benefit therefrom to such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, (D) a representation that the shareholder giving notice intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice, (E) a representation as to whether the shareholder giving notice intends or is part of a group which intends (1) to solicit the holders of shares representing at least 67% of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote on the election of directors in support of director nominees other than the Corporation’s nominees in accordance with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and the name of each participant (as defined in Item 4 of Exchange Act Schedule 14A) in such solicitation, (2) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding stock required to elect such nominees and/or (3) otherwise solicit proxies or votes from shareholders in support of such nominees; and (F) any other information regarding such person as would be required to be disclosed under the proxy solicitation rules of the SEC if proxies were to be solicited for the election of directors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a shareholder no longer plans to solicit proxies in accordance with its representation pursuant to Section 15(c)(ii)(E)(1) of Article II, the shareholder shall inform the Corporation of this change by delivering a writing to the Secretary at the principal offices of the Corporation no later than two business days after the occurrence of such change. If a shareholder providing written notice required by this Section 15(c)(ii) of Article II fails to provide any written update in accordance with this Section 15(c) of Article II, the information as to which such written update relates may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with these Bylaws.

(d)    Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 15 of Article II, a shareholder must comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to matters set forth in this Section 15 of Article II, for the avoidance of doubt including, but not limited to, Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act.

(e)    To be eligible to be a shareholder nominee for election as a director of the Corporation, a person must deliver in writing (in accordance with the time periods prescribed above for delivery of notice of a shareholder nomination for director) to the Secretary of the Corporation a representation as to whether the person (i) intends, if elected as a director, to promptly tender to the Board of Directors an irrevocable resignation effective upon (A) his or her failure to receive the required vote for re-election at the next meeting of shareholders of the Corporation at which he or she would face re-election, and (B) acceptance of such resignation by the Board of Directors, in accordance with a publicly disclosed policy adopted by the Board of Directors in this regard; (ii) is or intends to become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any other person or entity regarding the manner in which the person, if elected as a director, will vote on any matter coming before the Board of Directors; and (iii) is or intends to become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any other person or entity (other than the Corporation) regarding any direct or indirect compensation,

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reimbursement or indemnification in connection with his or her service as a director of the Corporation.

(f)    To be eligible to be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the Corporation, a person must deliver (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under this Section 15 of Article II) to the Secretary at the principal offices of the Corporation a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such person and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf his nomination is being made (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request). No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedure set forth in this Section.

(g)    If information submitted pursuant to this Section 15 of Article II by any shareholder proposing a nominee for election as a director shall be inaccurate or incomplete in any material respect, such information may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 15 of Article II. Any such shareholder shall notify the Corporation of any inaccuracy or change (within two business days of becoming aware of such inaccuracy or change) in any such information. Upon written request by the Secretary or the Board of Directors, any such shareholder shall provide, within five business days of delivery of such request (or such other period as may be specified in such request), (i) written verification, satisfactory, in the discretion of the Board of Directors or any authorized officer of the Corporation, to demonstrate the accuracy of any information submitted by the shareholder pursuant to this Section 15 of Article II and (ii) a written update of any information (including, if requested by the Corporation, written confirmation by such shareholder that it continues to intend to bring such nomination before the meeting) submitted by the shareholder pursuant to this Section 15 of Article II as of an earlier date. If a shareholder fails to provide such written verification or written update within such period, the information as to which written verification or a written update was requested may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 15 of Article II.

(h)    Only such individuals who are nominated in accordance with this Section 15 of Article II shall be eligible for election by shareholders as directors. The number of nominees a shareholder may nominate for election at a meeting of shareholders (or in the case of a shareholder giving the notice on behalf of another proposing person, the number of nominees a shareholder may nominate for election at the meeting on behalf of such proposing person) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such meeting. The chairman of the meeting shall have the power to determine whether a nomination was made in accordance with this Section 15 of Article II (including satisfying the information requirements set forth herein with accurate and complete information) and, if any proposed nomination is not in compliance herewith, to declare that such defective nomination shall be disregarded (and any such nominee shall be disqualified), including that if a shareholder provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act and subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) and Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act, including the provision to the Corporation of notices required thereunder in a timely manner, then the Corporation shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited for such shareholder’s director nominees (and any such nominee shall be disqualified). To the extent Rule 14a-19 applies, then Rule 14a-19 will govern any inconsistency with this Section 15 of Article II, and the applicable inconsistent provisions of this Section 15 of Article II will not apply; provided, however, in order for a shareholder’s notice to be considered timely, this Section 15 of Article II may require notice

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to be delivered to the Corporation prior to the applicable dates set forth under Rule 14a-19. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 15 of Article II, unless otherwise required by law, if the shareholder (or a Qualified Representative of the shareholder (as defined below)) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of shareholders of the Corporation to present a nomination, such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. If a shareholder has given timely notice as required herein to make a nomination before any annual or special meeting of shareholders of the Corporation and intends to authorize a Qualified Representative to act for such shareholder as a proxy to present the nomination at such meeting, the shareholder shall give notice of such authorization in writing to the Secretary not less than three business days before the date of such meeting, including the name and contact information for such person. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 15 of Article II, unless otherwise required by law, no shareholder shall solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the Corporation’s nominees unless such shareholder has complied with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act in connection with the solicitation of such proxies, including the provision to the Corporation of notices required thereunder in a timely manner. For purposes of this Section 15 of Article II and Section 16 of Article II, to be considered a “Qualified Representative” of a shareholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager, trustee or partner of such shareholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such shareholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such shareholder to act for such shareholder as a proxy at the meeting of shareholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction thereof, at the meeting. The Secretary of the Corporation, or any other person who shall be appointed to serve as secretary of the meeting, may require, on behalf of the Corporation, reasonable and appropriate documentation to verify the status of a person purporting to be a “Qualified Representative” for purposes of this Section 15 of Article II or Section 16 of Article II.

(i)    Any shareholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other shareholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for exclusive use by the Corporation.

SECTION 16.    Notice of Shareholder Business.

(a)    At an annual meeting of shareholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business (other than a nomination of a candidate for election as a director, which is covered in Section 15 of Article II), must be (i) specified in the notice of the meeting given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a shareholder of the Corporation who is a shareholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 16 of Article II and on the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such annual meeting. For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder, a shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal office of the Corporation not less than 60 nor more than 90 calendar days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting of shareholders; provided, however, that if the date of the annual meeting is advanced more than 30 calendar days prior to or delayed by more than 30

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calendar days after the anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, notice by the shareholder to be timely must be so delivered no later than the close of business on the date of the 90th calendar day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th calendar day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such meeting is first made. In no event shall a postponement, adjournment or rescheduling of an annual meeting, or the public disclosure thereof, commence a new time period for the giving of a shareholder’s notice as described above.

(b)    To be in proper written form, a shareholder’s notice under this Section 16 of Article II shall set forth (i) as to each matter that such shareholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, and (ii) as to the shareholder giving notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is being made, (A) the name and address of such person, (B) (1) the class or series and number of all shares of stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially or of record by such person and any affiliates or associates of such person, (2) the name of each nominee holder of shares of all stock of the Corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such person or any affiliates or associates of such person, and the number of such shares of stock of the Corporation held by each such nominee holder, (3) whether and the extent to which any derivative instrument, swap, option, warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest or other transaction has been entered into by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to stock of the Corporation, and (4) whether and the extent to which any other transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short position or any borrowing or lending of shares of stock of the Corporation) has been made by or on behalf of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, the effect or intent of any of the foregoing being to mitigate loss to, or to manage risk or benefit of stock price changes for, such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, or to increase or decrease the voting power or pecuniary or economic interest of such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, with respect to stock of the Corporation, (C) a description of all agreements, arrangements, or understandings (whether written or oral) between or among such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business and any material interest of such person or any affiliates or associates of such person, in such business, including any anticipated benefit therefrom to such person, or any affiliates or associates of such person, (D) a representation that the shareholder giving notice intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting, (E) a representation as to whether the shareholder giving notice intends or is part of a group which intends (1) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding stock required to approve or adopt the proposal and/or (2) otherwise solicit proxies or votes from shareholders in support of such proposal, and (E) any other information regarding such person as would be required to be disclosed under the proxy solicitation rules of the SEC if proxies were to be solicited with respect to the proposed business.

(c)    Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 16 of Article II, a shareholder must also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to matters set forth in this Section 16 of Article II. Nothing in this Section 16 of Article II will be deemed to affect any rights of shareholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing

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provisions of this Section 16 of Article II, unless otherwise required by law, if the shareholder (or a Qualified Representative of the shareholder (as defined above)) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of shareholders of the Corporation to present proposed business, such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. If a shareholder has given timely notice as required herein to bring a proposal of other business before any annual or special meeting of shareholders of the Corporation and intends to authorize a Qualified Representative to act for such shareholder as a proxy to present the proposal at such meeting, the shareholder shall give notice of such authorization in writing to the Secretary not less than three business days before the date of such meeting, including the name and contact information for such person.

(d)    Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this section. The chairman of the annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the attendees of the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this section, and in such event such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.

ARTICLE III. BOARD OF DIRECTORS

SECTION 1.    General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by its Board of Directors.

SECTION 2.    Number, Election and Terms.

(a)    The Board of Directors of the Corporation shall consist of not less than three (3) nor more than fifteen (15) individuals, the exact number within such minimum and maximum limits to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the entire Board of Directors.

(b)    Except as provided below in Section 9 of this Article III (Vacancies) and as may be provided in the terms of any series of preferred stock authorized for issuance pursuant to the Corporation’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, each nominee for director in an election in which the number of nominees is equal to the number of open board seats (an “Uncontested Election”) shall be elected by a vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to that nominee’s election at any shareholders’ meeting at which a quorum is present. If, as of the fourteenth (14th) day preceding the date the Corporation first distributes its notice of meeting for such meeting to its shareholders, the number of nominees exceeds the number of open board seats (a “Contested Election”), the directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes cast, whether or not such election becomes an Uncontested Election after such date. For purposes of this Section 2, a majority of votes cast shall mean that the number of shares voted “for” a nominee’s election exceeds the number of shares voted “against” that nominee’s election. “Abstentions” and “broker non-votes,” if applicable, although counted for quorum purposes, shall not be included in the total number of votes cast or be counted as votes cast “for” or “against” any nominee’s election. At a meeting of shareholders at which directors are to be elected by a plurality of the votes cast, shareholders shall not be permitted to cast votes “against” any nominee, but rather shall either vote for or withhold their votes with respect to any nominee. With regard to Uncontested Elections, the Board has established procedures pursuant to which

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any nominee who fails to receive a majority of the votes cast will tender his or her resignation to the Board. The Board will act upon a tendered resignation within ninety (90) days of the date on which the election results were certified and will promptly make public disclosure of the results of its actions. If the Board accepts a director’s resignation, or if a nominee for director is not elected and the nominee is not an incumbent director, then the Board may fill the resulting vacancy in accordance with Section 9 of this Article III.

SECTION 3.    Regular Meetings. The Board of Directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place for the holding of regular meetings without other notice than such resolution.

SECTION 4.    Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, and shall be called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President upon receipt of a written request therefore from directors constituting at least one-third of the entire Board of Directors.

SECTION 5.    Place of Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at the place designated in the resolution of the Board of Directors providing for the holding of such meetings. Other meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such place as is designated in the notice of the meeting. A waiver of notice signed by all directors entitled to vote at a meeting may designate any place as the place for holding such meeting. If no designation is made, the Board of Directors’ meeting shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation in California.

SECTION 6.    Notice. Notice of the date, time and place of any special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be given at least two (2) days prior to the meeting by written notice delivered personally, by mail or electronically to each director at his/her business address. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail so addressed, with postage thereon prepaid, provided the same is so mailed at least five (5) days prior to the meeting. If notice be given electronically, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered upon transmission by the sender. Any director may waive notice of any meeting pursuant to Section 4 of Article VIII.

SECTION 7.    Quorum; Vote Required for Action. A majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum at any meeting, except when otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. If less than a quorum of the directors is present at any meeting, then a majority of the directors present may vote to adjourn such meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice other than announcement at the meeting. Except in cases in which the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws provide otherwise, the vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for that meeting.

SECTION 8.    Organization. Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board, or in the absence of the Chairman, by Chief Executive Officer or the President, if same are members of the Board of Directors, or by the Lead Independent Director, if any. In the absence of all of the foregoing, meetings shall be presided over by a chairman chosen

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at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in the absence of the Secretary, the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.

SECTION 9.    Vacancies. Newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors and any vacancy occurring on the Board of Directors may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, unless otherwise provided by applicable law. A director elected to fill a vacancy shall be elected for the unexpired term of his or her predecessor in office and until such director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

SECTION 10.    Compensation. By resolution of the Board of Directors, each director may be compensated for his or her service on the Board and any committee thereof, and may be reimbursed for reasonable expenses directly incurred in connection with such service.

SECTION 11.    Presumption of Assent. A director of the Corporation who is present at a meeting of the Board of Directors at which action on any corporate matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken unless the director’s dissent or abstention shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting, or unless the director objects at the beginning of the meeting (or promptly upon his or her arrival) to the holding of the meeting or to the transaction of business at the meeting.

SECTION 12.    Action by Unanimous Written Consent. Unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws otherwise expressly provide, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the consents are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board or such committee. Action taken under this Section is effective when the last director signs the consent, unless the consent specifies a different effective date.

SECTION 13.    Advisory Directors. The Board of Directors may appoint one or more advisory directors who will not actually serve as members of the Board. Such advisory directors shall only act in an advisory capacity and shall have no power of final decision in any matters concerning the Corporation.

SECTION 14.    Telephonic Meetings Permitted. Members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board, may participate in a meeting of the Board or such committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can simultaneously hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this section shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

ARTICLE IV. COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

SECTION 1.    Committees. The Board of Directors may designate such standing and special committees as and when it deems necessary and appropriate. The Board of Directors may appoint one or more rotating members of any committee and may appoint one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at

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any meeting of the committee. The Board of Directors shall designate one member of each committee to serve as chairman. Each committee must have two or more members, each of whom shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors, and only members of the Board of Directors may serve on a committee. Any such committee, to the extent provided by resolution of the Board of Directors or in its charter, and to the extent not otherwise prohibited by applicable law, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation. Committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 2.    Committee Rules and Minutes. Unless the Board of Directors otherwise provides, each committee designated by the Board of Directors may make, alter and repeal rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of such rules, each committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board of Directors conducts its business pursuant to Article III of these Bylaws. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE V. OFFICERS

The officers of the Corporation may consist of a chief executive officer, a president, a chief operating officer, a chief financial officer, a chief legal officer, one or more executive vice presidents, one or more senior vice presidents, one or more vice presidents, a secretary and a treasurer, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, as well as such other officers as may from time to time be designated in accordance with this Article V. The Board of Directors shall in every case elect a chief executive officer, president and secretary, and may designate (if applicable) and elect all such other officers as it may from time to time deem necessary or appropriate. The Board of Directors may authorize the chief executive officer or president to designate (if applicable) and elect officers other than the chief executive officer, president, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, chief legal officer and secretary. The officers of the Corporation shall have such titles, authority and powers designated by the Board of Directors (in the case of officers elected by the Board of Directors) or the chief executive officer or president (in the case of officers elected by the chief executive officer or president, respectively). The officers of the Corporation shall serve for a term of one year, or until their successors are elected and qualified, or their earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. Any officer may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors. In addition, any officer elected by the chief executive officer or president may be removed at any time by the chief executive officer, and any officer elected by the president may be removed at any time by the president. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.

ARTICLE VI. CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES

AND THE TRANSFER THEREOF

SECTION 1. Certificates for Shares.

(a)     Certificates representing shares of stock in the Corporation shall be in such form as shall be determined by the Board of Directors. Such certificates shall be signed by the Chairman, the Chief Executive officer, or the President and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or by such other officers authorized by applicable law

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and by the Board of Directors and sealed with the corporate seal, if any. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate may be facsimile. All certificates for shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified. The name of the person to whom the shares represented thereby are issued, with the number of shares and date of issue, shall be entered on the stock transfer books of the Corporation. All certificates surrendered to the Corporation or its transfer agent for transfer shall be cancelled and no new certificate shall be issued until the former certificate for a like number of shares shall have been surrendered and cancelled, except that in case of a lost, destroyed or mutilated certificate a new certificate may be issued therefor upon such terms and indemnity to the Corporation as these Bylaws and the Board of Directors may prescribe.

(b)     Notwithstanding any other provision of these Bylaws, the Corporation may adopt a system of issuance, recordation and transfer of its shares by electronic or other means not involving any issuance of physical certificates, including provisions for notice to purchasers in substitution for any required statements on certificates, and as may be required by applicable corporate securities laws, which system has been approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any system so adopted shall not become effective as to issued and outstanding certificated securities until the certificates therefor have been surrendered to the Corporation. Except as may be otherwise provided by law, the rights and obligations of the holders of uncertificated shares and the rights and obligations of the holders of certificated shares of the same class and series shall be identical.

SECTION 2.    Transfer of Shares. Transfer of shares of stock in the Corporation shall be made only on the stock transfer books of the Corporation by the holder of record thereof or by his or her legal representative, who shall furnish proper evidence of authority to transfer, or by the holder’s attorney thereunto authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Corporation or its transfer agent, and only upon the surrender for cancellation of the certificate for such shares. The person in whose name shares stand on the books of the Corporation shall be deemed by the Corporation to be the owner thereof for all purposes.

SECTION 3.    Lost, Destroyed or Mutilated Stock Certificates; Issuance of New Certificates. The Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it which is alleged to have been lost, destroyed or mutilated upon receipt by the Corporation of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed, and the Corporation may require the owner thereof, or his or her legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, destruction or mutilation of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.

SECTION 4.    Classes of Stock - Designation. If the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock; provided, however, except as otherwise provided by law, in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate which the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each shareholder who so requests

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the designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences or rights. In the case of uncertificated shares, the Corporation will make available electronically a description of the designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences or rights.

ARTICLE VII. INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

SECTION 1.    Right to Indemnification. Every person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, or as its representative in a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, shall be indemnified and held harmless to the fullest extent legally permissible under and pursuant to any procedures specified in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended from time to time, against all expenses, liabilities, and losses (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by him or her in connection therewith. Such right of indemnification shall be a contract right that may be enforced in any lawful manner by such person. Such right of indemnification shall not be exclusive of any other right which such directors or officers may have or hereafter acquire and, without limiting the generality of such statement, they shall be entitled to their respective rights of indemnification under any agreement, vote of shareholders, provision of law, or otherwise, as well as their rights under this paragraph.

SECTION 2.    Insurance. The Board of Directors may cause the Corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, or as its representative in a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred in any such capacity or arising out of such status, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person.

SECTION 3.    Advancement of Expenses. Expenses incurred by a director or officer of the Corporation in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation (or was serving at the Corporation’s request as a director or officer of another corporation, or as its representative in a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise) shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized by relevant sections of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

SECTION 4.    Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in these Bylaws is not exclusive of any other right that any person may have or hereafter acquire under the Certificate of Incorporation, any statute, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

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ARTICLE VIII. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SECTION 1.    Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

SECTION 2.    Dividends. The Board of Directors may from time to time declare, and the Corporation may pay, dividends on its outstanding shares in the manner and upon the terms and conditions provided by applicable law and the Certificate of Incorporation.

SECTION 3.    Corporate Seal. The Board of Directors may provide a corporate seal which shall be circular in form and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization, the state of incorporation and the words “Corporate Seal.” A corporate seal shall not be mandatory for the validity of any contract, instrument or other document properly executed by an authorized officer or officers of the Corporation.

SECTION 4.    Waiver of Notice. Any written waiver of notice, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting, in person or by proxy, shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, unless the person at the beginning of the meeting objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting. In addition, a person waives objection to consideration of a particular matter that is not within the purpose or purposes described in the meeting notice if such person attends the meeting and does not object to consideration of such matter when it is presented. All waivers of notice shall be filed with the minutes of the meeting.

SECTION 5.    Inspection of Bylaws. A copy of these Bylaws, with all amendments thereto, shall at all times be kept in a convenient place at the principal office of the Corporation, and shall be open for inspection to all shareholders during normal business hours.

SECTION 6.    Interested Directors; Quorum. No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because such person’s votes are counted for such purposes, if: (1) the material facts regarding such person’s relationship or interest in the contract or transaction are disclosed or known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative vote of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the number of disinterested directors constitute less than a quorum; or (2) the material facts as to such person’s relationship or interest in the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the shareholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by a vote of the shareholders; or (3) the contract or transaction is fair to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified. Interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.

SECTION 7.    Form of Records. Any records maintained by the Corporation in the regular course of its business, including a stock ledger, books of account, and minute books, may be kept

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electronically, provided that the records so kept can be converted into clearly legible form and printed within a reasonable time. The Corporation shall so convert any records so kept upon the request of any person entitled to inspect the same.

SECTION 8.    Amendments of Bylaws. Subject to the laws of the State of Delaware and the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed at any regular meeting of shareholders (or at any special meeting thereof duly called for that purpose) by a vote of the shareholders in accordance with Article II, provided that in the notice of such meeting, notice of such purpose shall be given. Subject to the laws of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation and these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may by a majority vote of the entire Board of Directors amend these Bylaws, or waive any provisions hereof, or enact such other Bylaws as in their judgment may be advisable for the regulation of the conduct of the affairs of the Corporation.

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EX-19

EXHIBIT 19

As of May 15, 2024

LiveRamp Insider Stock Trading Policy

Federal and state securities laws prohibit any person who is aware of material nonpublic information about a company from trading in securities of that company. These laws also prohibit a person from disclosing material nonpublic information to other persons who may trade on the basis of that information.

We have adopted this policy to promote compliance with these laws and to protect you and LiveRamp Holdings, Inc., LiveRamp, Inc., or any of their subsidiaries (together, “LiveRamp,” the “Company,” we,” or “us”) from the serious liabilities and penalties that can result from violations of these laws.

This policy is not merely a restatement of legal principles or regulatory rules. In certain areas, we have for business and regulatory reasons adopted policies and procedures that may impose requirements beyond those mandated by applicable laws or regulations.

It is your responsibility to comply with the securities laws and this policy, and compliance with this policy shall not be viewed as a substitute for compliance with applicable law. If you have a question about this

Policy or whether it applies to a particular transaction, please contact our Chief Legal Officer for additional guidance.

I. Persons Subject to this Policy

This policy covers every director, officer and employee (including persons employed on a temporary or

contract basis or through a staffing agency) of the Company, as well as their parents, spouses and minor

children and other persons living in their households and investment partnerships and other entities (such as trusts and corporations) over which such directors, officers or employees have or share voting or investment control.

This policy and the prohibitions on trading continue to apply to transactions in our securities even after you have terminated your employment or term on the Board of Directors. If you are in possession of material nonpublic information at the time of such termination, you may not trade in Company securities until that information has become public or is no longer material.

II. General Trading Restrictions

Unless otherwise provided in this policy, the term “trading” includes all purchases, sales, pledges and other transfers of any kind of any type of securities, including shares of common and preferred stock, bonds, debentures, options, warrants, convertible securities, puts, calls, stock appreciation rights or similar rights with exercise or conversion privileges or settlement payments or mechanisms at prices related to any class or series of capital stock of a company, whether or not such instruments or rights shall be subject to settlement in the underlying class or series of stock of such company or otherwise, in the open market or otherwise.

Federal securities laws prohibit trading in the stock of any company whenever an individual is in possession of “material nonpublic information,” i.e., information that would be considered important by the average investor in making a decision to buy or sell stock. As a director, officer or employee of the Company, you may be exposed to material nonpublic information about the Company from time to time. Either positive or negative information may be considered to be material. Common examples of information that are regarded as material are:

oprojections of future earnings or losses

onews of a cybersecurity breach

onews of a pending or proposed joint venture, merger, acquisition or tender offer

onews of a significant sale of assets or the disposition of a major subsidiary

ochanges in Company leadership

osignificant new products or services that have not yet been announced publicly

ofinancial difficulties, including revenue or earnings shortfalls or cash flow problems

othe gain or loss of a substantial customer or supplier

If you are aware of material nonpublic information regarding us, you must not trade or advise anyone else to trade in our securities until such information has been publicly disclosed.

In addition to complying with the laws which prohibit trades based on material nonpublic information, please note the following:

1. Trading during “Open Windows.”

(a)All employees (except for Designated Persons (as defined below)) are free to trade during open stock trading windows after verifying on The /Ramp that the trading window is open.

(b)Designated Persons must be pre-cleared via email prior to the execution of their trade by the Company’s Chief Legal Officer Pre-clearance requests should be made via email on the day before or the day of your anticipated trade. Pre-clearance is not required if a Section 16 Officer’s or director’s trade is being made under a previously approved 10b5-1 Trading Plan as described in paragraph 14 below.

(c)“Designated Persons” are defined as the following:

(i)All directors of the Company;

(ii)all officers of the Company who have been designated by the LiveRamp Board of Directors as “Section 16 Officers” for purposes of the reporting requirements and trading restrictions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (who, together with the directors, are referred to herein as “Section 16 Reporting Persons”); and

(iii)any additional persons that the Company may from time to time designate as a Designated Person because of their position with the Company and access to material nonpublic information.

2. Trading Prohibited During “Blackout Periods.”

(a) Except for (i) trades executed under previously approved 10b5-1 Trading Plans, or (ii) sales made pursuant to a Company mandated “sell to cover” tax withholding treatment in connection with the vesting of an employee’s restricted stock units (see paragraph 5(a) below), no trades may be made during the “blackout period” following each quarter. The blackout period will begin after the last day of each quarter and will remain in effect until one full business day after the issuance of the quarterly earnings release for the quarter just completed.

(b) From time to time, the Company may issue interim earnings guidance or make announcements about other material events via a press release or a Securities & Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filing on Form 8-K. Trades may be blocked while the Company is in the process of assembling the information to be released until one business day after the information has been released. Again, to determine whether you are free to trade even during open window periods, always consult The /Ramp to make sure the trading window is open on the day you plan to trade.

(c) Occasionally an event may occur that is material to the Company and is known by only a few individuals. So long as the event remains material and nonpublic, it is possible that even those who are unaware of such an event may not be permitted to trade (unless the trade is being made under a previously approved 10b5-1 Trading Plan). Typically, the existence of an event- specific blackout will not be broadly announced.

3.Limit Orders. Limit orders, i.e., instructions to E*Trade or a brokerage firm to buy or sell a certain amount of Company stock at a predetermined price, should not be made for more than one day at a time since you’ll need to determine whether it’s safe to trade on each of your expected trade dates by consulting The /Ramp. Please note that a limit order does not constitute a 10b5-1 Trading Plan (see “10b5-1 Trading Plans” below).

4.Gifts and Donations. Gifts of Company stock, including charitable donations, are not subject to the blackout periods. For Designated Persons, gifts and charitable donations of stock should not be made during a blackout period unless you have reason to believe the recipient does not intend to sell the shares during the blackout period then in effect. Written pre-clearance is required for any gifts or donations made by Designated Persons. Additionally, Section 16 Reporting Persons must report gifts and similar transactions to the SEC within two business days of the transfer.

5. RSUs / Stock Options.

(a) If you have been granted any restricted stock units or performance share units (both referred to here as “RSUs”), they are maintained in your Company-sponsored E*Trade account. On the vest dates, the Company requires that you pay the taxes due upon vesting prior to receipt of the stock. Please note that the automatic election in E*Trade is “sell to cover,” which means that enough stock will be sold by E*Trade to satisfy your tax liability. The balance of your shares will be deposited into your E*Trade account. If you would like to sell some or all of your shares after they are deposited into your account, please consult The /Ramp to make sure the trading window is open. Such sales should only be made when you don’t have any material nonpublic information about the Company and when we are not in a blackout period.

(b) If you have stock options, they are also maintained in your Company- sponsored E*Trade account. Unlike RSUs, you alone control the timing of when you exercise the options and acquire the underlying stock. You may exercise your stock options at any time after they vest, regardless of blackout periods. However, if you also plan to sell stock in conjunction with an exercise (i.e., via a “cashless exercise” transaction), you should restrict your sales to those periods when you don’t have any material nonpublic information about the Company and when we are not in a blackout period. In the alternative, you may set up a “net shares” transaction through the Company’s stock plan administrator (stockadmin@liveramp.com), whereby no public sale occurs and the value of your taxes and purchase price are deducted from the number of shares issued to you. Alternatively, you may make prior arrangements to exercise your stock options and sell under a 10b5-1 Trading Plan (see “10b5-1 Trading Plans” in paragraph 14 below).

6.Short-Term Trading.

(a)You should not engage in short-term trading in LiveRamp stock. For purposes of this policy, “short-term trading” is purchasing (or selling) our stock in the open market within six months of selling (or purchasing) any of our stock – a so called “opposite-way transaction.” Short-term trading of a company’s securities can create a focus on short-term stock market performance instead of long-term business objectives.

(b)If you are a Section 16 Reporting Person, the “short-swing profit” laws apply. If you buy low and sell high within any six-month period, you may be held liable for violation of the short-swing profit laws which call for a mandatory repayment to the Company of the difference between your sale price and your purchase price. This is the case even if, in the aggregate, your trades resulted in an overall loss. In other words, within any six-month period, any sale at a higher price will be matched against any purchase at a lower price, and the difference between the two, multiplied by the number of shares involved, must be repaid to the Company.

7.Short Positions. Short sales and other short positions generally evidence an expectation on the part of the seller that the securities will decline in value and therefore have the potential to signal to the market

that the seller lacks confidence in the company’s prospects. In addition, short positions may reduce a seller’s incentive to seek to improve the company’s performance. For these reasons, you are prohibited from taking short positions in LiveRamp stock. These include short sales as well as hedging or monetization transactions (such as zero-cost collars and forward sale contracts) that involve the establishment of a short position. See “Hedging and Options Transactions” below for more information.

8.Hedging and Options Transactions. You are prohibited from engaging in hedging and monetization transactions. Hedging or monetization transactions can be accomplished through the use of various financial instruments, including prepaid variable forwards, equity swaps, collars and exchange funds. These transactions may permit continued ownership of Company stock without the full risks and rewards of ownership. When that occurs, a person entering into this type of transaction may no longer have the same objectives as LiveRamp’s other stockholders.

9.Margin Accounts and Pledged Securities. Securities held in a margin account as collateral for a margin loan may be sold by the broker without the customer’s consent if the customer fails to meet a margin call. Similarly, securities pledged as collateral for a loan may be sold in foreclosure if the borrower defaults on the loan. Because a margin sale or foreclosure sale may occur at a time when the pledgor is aware of material nonpublic information or otherwise is not permitted to trade in LiveRamp stock, you are prohibited from holding LiveRamp stock in a margin account or otherwise pledging LiveRamp stock as collateral for a loan.

10.Trading by Family Members. The restrictions contained in this stock trading policy also apply to your spouse, dependent children or others living in your household. Their trades will be attributed to you as if they were your own.

11.“Tipping.” You should avoid “tipping,” i.e., sharing any material nonpublic information with anyone outside the Company unless that person has signed a confidentiality agreement. If the person you share the information with trades on the information you provided, he or she would be in violation of the federal securities laws which prohibit trading on inside information. Even if you derive no personal benefit from the tippee’s trades, the same penalties apply to you as if you had in fact benefited. See Section IV below regarding potential civil and criminal penalties.

12.Employee Stock Purchase Plan. You may enroll in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) during any open trading window when you are personally unaware of any material nonpublic information about the Company. Similarly, once enrolled in the ESPP, you may make changes to your ESPP elections only during open trading windows when you are personally unaware of any material nonpublic information about the Company. Purchases of LiveRamp stock made through the ESPP are not subject to this stock trading policy, since you have no control over when these shares are acquired. The sale of any stock you hold in the ESPP, however, is subject to the policy, since the timing of thesale is controlled by you; therefore, sales should only be made during open trading windows when you are personally unaware of any material nonpublic information about the Company.

13.401(k) Plan and SERP. LiveRamp stock may from time to time be included as an investment option for 401(k) Plan and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) salary deferrals. The automatic monthly purchases of LiveRamp stock under these plans are not subject to this policy. However, the policy does apply to “fund switches” in and out of LiveRamp stock. A fund switch is a request made by you to the plan administrator to buy LiveRamp stock with money obtained from switching your savings out of another fund, or to sell LiveRamp stock and move the proceeds into another fund within the plan. Fund switches should only be made after consulting The /Ramp to determine whether the trading window is open on the date of your planned transaction.

14.10b5-1 Trading Plans. The SEC has adopted a rule providing a “safe harbor” from the application of the insider trading rules for certain established trading plans. Under the SEC’s Rule 10b5-1, you may enter into a trading plan whereby future trades are to be executed, so long as the requirements in the SEC’s Rule 10b5-1(c) are met. The following is a summary of those requirements, but should not be relied upon or viewed as a substitute for the full text of the rule:

(a) The plan must be a written contract signed by you and a brokerage firm, and you must enter into it in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade the prohibitions of the SEC’s Rule 10b5-1, and you must act in good faith with respect to your 10b5-1 Trading Plan.

(b) At the time you enter into the plan, (i) you must not be in possession of material nonpublic information about the Company, and (ii) the Company must not be in a blackout period. Section 16 Reporting Persons must also include a representation in their plan certifying that on the date of adoption of the plan, the Section 16 Reporting Person (i) is not aware of any material nonpublic information about the Company and (ii) is adopting the plan in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade the prohibitions of the SEC’s Rule 10b5-1.

(c) The plan must include a cooling-off period between the adoption of the plan and the commencement of trading in accordance with Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(ii)(B). For Section 16 Reporting Persons, this cooling-off period must be the later of 90 days after the adoption of the plan or two business days following the disclosure in a periodic report of the Company’s financial results for the fiscal quarter in which the plan was adopted. For other persons, the plan must include a 30-day cooling-off period.

(d) A person may not enter into overlapping Rule 10b5-1 plans (subject to certain exceptions) and may only enter into one single-trade Rule 10b5-1 plan during any 12-month period (subject to certain exceptions).

(e) The plan must either (i) specify or provide a formula or mechanism for determining the amount, price and date of the proposed transactions, or (ii) not permit you to exercise any further discretion over the terms of the transaction.

(f) Anyone who has authority to influence the terms of the transactions subject to the plan must not have access to material non-public information about the Company at the time of exercising his or her influence.

(g) Any amendments to the terms of the plan must be made at a time when (i) you are not in possession of material nonpublic information, and (ii) the Company is not in a blackout period. You may terminate a plan at any time. (Note, however, that the SEC has stated that a pattern of entering into 10b5-1 Trading Plans and subsequently terminating them will likely raise questions about good faith).

(h) Your plan must be pre-approved in writing by the Company’s Chief Legal Officer.

The Company and the Company’s officers and directors must make certain disclosures in SEC filings concerning Rule 10b5-1 Plans and other “Non-Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements” (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K). Officers and directors of the Company must undertake to provide any information requested by the Company regarding Rule 10b5-1 Plans and Non-Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements for the purpose of providing the required disclosures or any other disclosures that the Company deems to be appropriate under the circumstances.

Formal 10b5-1 Plans are available through E*Trade and through most traditional brokerage firms. If you are interested in establishing a 10b5-1 Trading Plan, please contact the Company’s Chief Legal Officer.

III. No Earnings Related Conversations Outside of LiveRamp During Blackout Period

During the quarterly blackout period prior to each earnings release, no discussion about the Company’s financial condition should be held with anyone outside of LiveRamp, including your families and friends, and should only be discussed within LiveRamp on a need-to-know basis. Discussions with the Company’s auditors, insurers, bankers and the like may be held on a need-to-know basis so long as the people with whom such discussions take place are subject to a confidentiality agreement.

IV. Contacts with Analysts and Investors

Stock analysts and investors need to be given a consistent and accurate account of the Company’s financial situation and business strategy. In order to avoid the possibility that an inconsistent message or an illegal “selective disclosure” occurs, all contacts with stock analysts and investors should go through our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), the Head of Investor Relations (“IR Lead”) or one of their designated Investor Relations team members (together with the CFO and IR Lead, the “IR Team”). If you receive any calls from an analyst or investor, please refer the calls to a member of the IR Team, and if you are planning to meet with any analysts or investors, please be sure that the CFO and IR Lead are aware of the meeting and that that they know what will be discussed.

V. Consequences of Violations

The consequences of insider trading violations can be very severe.

LiveRamp employees (and any individuals who trade on tips received from an insider) who trade on material nonpublic information could be subject to the following civil and/or criminal penalties:

● A civil penalty of up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided;

● A criminal fine of up to $5,000,000 (no matter how small the profit); and

● A lengthy prison term.

An insider who tips information to a person who then trades on the information is subject to the same penalties as the tippee, even if the insider did not trade and did not profit in any way from the tippee’s trading. In addition, the Company and the supervisors of a person who violates these laws may also be subject to civil or criminal penalties if they did not take appropriate steps to prevent illegal trading.

Conduct in violation of this policy is outside the scope of the job responsibilities and authority of any director, officer or employee and will subject the director, officer or employee to disciplinary action. If you (or your spouse, dependent children or others living in your household) violate this policy or insider trading or tipping laws, you will be subject to disciplinary action by the Company, which may include ineligibility for future participation in the Company’s equity incentive plans, fines, suspension (without pay) or termination of employment (or, in the case of directors, suspension (without pay) or termination of directorship) for cause, or some combination of the foregoing. A violation of our Company policy is not necessarily the same as a violation of law. In fact, for the reasons indicated above, the Company’s policy is intended to be more restrictive than the law. The Company reserves the right to determine, in its own discretion and on the basis of the information available to it, whether its policy has been violated. The Company is not required to await the filing or conclusion of a civil or criminal action against an alleged violator before taking disciplinary action.

******************

This policy may not cover every situation that may arise, and you may find yourself in a situation where questions or uncertainty exists as to applicability of the securities trading laws or this policy. If you have questions as to the applicability of or compliance with the securities trading laws or this policy, you should refrain from taking any questionable action and ask questions first. Questions should be directed to the Chief Legal Officer.

Thanks for your cooperation!

EX-21

EXHIBIT 21

SUBSIDIARIES OF LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC.

U.S. SUBSIDIARIES
Subsidiary	Organized or Incorporated	Percent of Equity Securities Owned		Doing Business As
LiveRamp, Inc.	Delaware	100	%	LiveRamp, Inc.
Data Plus Math Corporation	Delaware	100	%	Data Plus Math
DataFleets, Ltd.	Delaware	100 %		DataFleets
Diablo.ai, Inc.	Delaware	100 %		Diablo.ai
Habu, Inc	Delaware	100	%	Habu
INTERNATIONAL SUBSIDIARIES
Subsidiary	Organized or Incorporated	Percent of Equity Securities Owned		Doing Business As
LiveRamp India Private Limited	India	100 %		LiveRamp India Private Limited
LiveRamp Australia Pty Limited	Australia	100	%	LiveRamp Australia Pty Limited
LiveRamp France SAS	France	100	%	LiveRamp France SAS
LiveRamp UK Ltd.	UK	100	%	LiveRamp UK Ltd.
LiveRamp Greater China Information Services Ltd.	China	100	%	LiveRamp Greater China Information Services Ltd.
LiveRamp Japan K.K.	Japan	100	%	LiveRamp Japan K.K.
LiveRamp Netherlands B.V.	Netherlands	100	%	LiveRamp Netherlands B.V.
LiveRamp (NZ) Limited	New Zealand	100 %		LiveRamp (NZ) Limited
LiveRamp PTE. Ltd.	Singapore	100	%	LiveRamp PTE. Ltd.
LiveRamp Italy s.r.l.	Italy	100	%	LiveRamp Italy s.r.l.
LiveRamp Software as a Service Brazil Ltda	Brazil	100	%	LiveRamp Software as a Service Brazil Ltda
LiveRamp Spain, S.L.	Spain	100	%	LiveRamp Spain, S.L.

EX-23

EXHIBIT 23

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements (Nos. 333-258563 and 333-262790) on Form S-3 and in the registration statements (Nos. 333-91395, 333-127743, 333-197463, 333-214926, 333-214927, 333-219839, 333-227540, 333-231823, 333-232963, 333-254302, 333-265186, 333-268274, 333-274086, and 333-277604) on Form S-8 of our report dated May 22, 2024, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Dallas, Texas

May 22, 2024

EX-24

EXHIBIT 24

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: That the undersigned, a director or officer, or both, of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. ("the Company"), acting pursuant to authorization of the Company’s Board of Directors, hereby appoints Jerry C. Jones and Arthur G. Kellam, or any one of them, attorneys-in-fact and agents for me and in my name and on my behalf, individually and as a director or officer, or both, of the Company, to sign the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2024, together with any amendments thereto, and to file the same, together with any exhibits and all other documents related thereto, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting to said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and any act necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as the undersigned might or could do in person, duly ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue of the power herein granted.

Executed as of the 22th day of May, 2024.

Signed: /s/ John L. Battelle

Name:JOHN L. BATTELLE, Director

Signed: /s/ Timothy R. Cadogan

Name: TIMOTHY R. CADOGAN, Director

Signed: /s/ Vivian Chow

Name: VIVIAN CHOW, Director

Signed: /s/ Scott E. Howe

Name: SCOTT E. HOWE, Director and Chief Executive Officer

             (principal executive officer)

Signed: /s/ Clark M. Kokich

Name: CLARK M. KOKICH, Director

            (Non-Executive Chairman of the Board)

Signed: /s/ Brian O'Kelley

Name: BRIAN O'KELLEY, Director

Signed: /s/ Omar Tawakol

Name: OMAR TAWAKOL, Director

Signed: /s/ Debora B. Tomlin

Name: DEBORA B. TOMLIN, Director

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CERTIFICATION

I, Scott E. Howe, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: May 22, 2024	By:	/s/ Scott E. Howe
		(Signature)
		Scott E. Howe
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CERTIFICATION

I, Lauren Dillard, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: May 22, 2024	By:	/s/ Lauren Dillard
		(Signature)
		Lauren Dillard
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the accompanying Annual Report on Form 10-K of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ending March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Scott E. Howe, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to my knowledge, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 /s/ Scott E. Howe

Scott E. Howe

Chief Executive Officer

May 22, 2024

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the accompanying Annual Report on Form 10-K of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ending March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Lauren Dillard, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to my knowledge, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 /s/ Lauren Dillard

Lauren Dillard

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

May 22, 2024

EX-97

Exhibit 97

LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.

Clawback Policy

(Effective October 2, 2023)

1.Purpose. This Policy sets forth the terms on which the Company may recover erroneously awarded compensation received by an executive officer. This Policy is intended to comply with Section 10D of the Exchange Act, Rule 10D-1 promulgated thereunder and New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual Section 303A.14.

2.Administration. The Committee shall administer and interpret this Policy in accordance with New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual Section 303A.14, Section 10D of the Exchange Act and other applicable Federal securities laws. Except as limited by law, and subject to the provisions of this Policy, the Committee shall have full power, authority and sole and exclusive discretion to construe, interpret and administer this Policy. In addition, the Committee shall have full and exclusive power to adopt such rules, regulations and guidelines for carrying out this Policy and to amend this Policy, in each case, as it may deem necessary or proper, all of which shall be executed in the best interests of the Company and in keeping with the objectives of this Policy. Subject to Section 4(e), this Policy also may be administered by the Board, and references in this Policy to the “Committee” shall be understood to refer to the full Board.

3.Definitions. For purposes of this Policy, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below.

(a)“Board” means the Board of Directors of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.

(b)“Committee” means the Compensation Committee of the Board.

(c)“Company” means LiveRamp Holdings, Inc., together with each of its direct and indirect subsidiaries.

(d)“Exchange” means the New York Stock Exchange.

(e)“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, and any successor thereto.

(f)“erroneously awarded compensation” has the meaning set forth in Section 4(d).

(g)“executive officer” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Rule 10D-1(d) under the Exchange Act, which shall include (i) executive officers identified by the Company pursuant to Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K and (ii) each individual who is or was designated as an “officer” of the Company in accordance with Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act.

(h)“financial reporting measures” means measures that are determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements, and any measures that are derived wholly or in part from such measures. Stock price and total shareholder return are also financial reporting measures. A financial reporting measure need not be presented within the financial statements or included in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(i)“incentive-based compensation” means any compensation that is granted, earned or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a financial reporting measure.

(j)“received” has the following meaning: incentive-based compensation is deemed received in the Company’s fiscal period during which the financial reporting measure specified in the incentive-based compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of the incentive-based compensation occurs after the end of that period.

(k)“senior officer” means an officer of the Company having the title of Senior Vice President of the Company or higher.

4.Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation

(a)The Company shall recover reasonably promptly the amount of erroneously awarded compensation in the event that the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period.

(b)This Policy shall apply to incentive-based compensation received by a person (i) after beginning service as an executive officer, (ii) who served as an executive officer at any time during the performance period for that incentive-based compensation, (iii) while the Company has a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange or a national securities association, and (iv) during the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date on which the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement as described in Section 4(a). In addition to the last three completed fiscal years, this Policy shall apply to any transition period (that results from a change in the Company’s fiscal year) within or immediately following those three completed fiscal years. However, a transition period between the last day of the Company’s previous fiscal year end and the first day of its new fiscal year that comprises a period of nine to 12 months would be deemed a completed fiscal year. The Company’s obligation to recover erroneously awarded compensation is not dependent on if or when the restated financial statements are filed.

(c)The date on which the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement as described in Section 4(a) is the earlier to occur of: (i) the date on which the Board, a committee thereof or the Company’s officer(s) authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement as described in Section 4(a); or (ii) the date a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare an accounting restatement as described in Section 4(a).

(d)The amount of incentive-based compensation subject to this Policy (“erroneously awarded compensation”) is the amount of incentive-based compensation received that exceeds the amount of incentive-based compensation that otherwise would have been received had it been determined based on the restated amounts, and shall be computed without regard to any taxes paid. For incentive-based compensation based on stock price or total shareholder return,

where the amount of erroneously awarded compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in an accounting restatement: (i) the amount shall be based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the accounting restatement on the stock price or total shareholder return upon which the incentive-based compensation was received; and (ii) the Company shall maintain documentation of the determination of that reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to the Exchange.

(e)Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall recover erroneously awarded compensation in compliance with this Policy except to the extent that the conditions of clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) below are met and the Committee (or in the absence thereof, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board) has made a determination that recovery would be impracticable.

(i)The direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing this Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered. Before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of erroneously awarded compensation based on expense of enforcement, the Company shall make a reasonable attempt to recover such erroneously awarded compensation, document such reasonable attempt(s) to recover, and provide that documentation to the Exchange.

(ii)Recovery would violate home country law where that law was adopted prior to November 28, 2022. Before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of erroneously awarded compensation based on violation of home country law, the Company shall obtain an opinion of home country counsel, acceptable to the Exchange, that recovery would result in such a violation, and shall provide such opinion to the Exchange.

(iii)Recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(13) or 26 U.S.C. 411(a) and regulations thereunder.

5.Recovery in the Event of Misconduct.

(a)If the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the United States securities laws as a result of the conduct of a senior officer, the Committee may require reimbursement to the Company of any erroneously awarded compensation that was paid to any such senior officer during the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the first public issuance or filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission of the financial document of the Company in which the material noncompliance was contained.

(b)The Committee will determine whether material noncompliance with a financial reporting requirement is the result of intentional misconduct of the senior officer.

6.Method of Recovery. The Committee shall determine, in its sole and absolute discretion, the method or methods for recovering erroneously awarded compensation, which methods need not be the same, or applied in the same manner, to each executive officer, provided that any such method shall provide for reasonably prompt recovery and otherwise comply with any requirements of the Exchange.

7.Indemnification Prohibited. The Company shall not indemnify any current or former executive or senior officer against the loss of erroneously awarded compensation.

8.Decisions Binding. In making any determination or in taking or not taking any action under this Policy, the Committee may obtain and rely on the advice of experts, including employees of and professional advisors to the Company. Any action taken by, or inaction of, the Committee or its delegates relating to or pursuant to this Policy shall be within the absolute discretion of the Committee or its delegates. Such action or inaction of the Committee or its delegates shall be conclusive and binding on the Company and any current or former executive officer affected by such action or inaction.

9.Disclosure. The Company shall file all disclosures with respect to this Policy in accordance with the requirements of the Federal securities laws, including the disclosure required by the applicable filings of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

10.Acknowledgement. Each award agreement or other document setting forth the terms and conditions of any incentive-based compensation granted to an executive officer shall include a provision incorporating the requirements of this Policy. Each executive officer will be required to sign the Acknowledgement Form attached hereto as Exhibit A as a condition to receiving grants or awards of incentive-based compensation. The remedy specified in and any right of recovery under this Policy shall not be exclusive and shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other remedies or rights of recovery, recoupment, forfeiture or offset that may be available to the Company pursuant to the terms of any other applicable Company policy, compensation or benefit plan, agreement or arrangement or other agreement or applicable law.

Exhibit A

LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.

Clawback Policy

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM

By signing below, the undersigned acknowledges and confirms that the undersigned has received and reviewed a copy of the LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Clawback Policy (the “Clawback Policy”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Acknowledgement Form (this “Acknowledgement Form”) shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Clawback Policy.

By signing this Acknowledgement Form, the undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the undersigned is and will continue to be subject to the Clawback Policy and that the Clawback Policy will apply both during and after the undersigned’s employment with the Company. Further, by signing below, the undersigned agrees to abide by the terms of the Clawback Policy, including, without limitation, by returning any erroneously awarded compensation (as defined in the Clawback Policy) to the Company to the extent required by, and in a manner permitted by, the Policy.

________________________________

Signature

________________________________

Print Name

________________________________

Date

XML

COVER PAGE - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	May 17, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--03-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38669
Entity Registrant Name	LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	83-1269307
Entity Address, Address Line One	225 Bush Street, Seventeenth Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	San Francisco
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94104
City Area Code	888
Local Phone Number	987-6764
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $.10 Par Value
Trading Symbol	RAMP
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 1,293,050,600
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		66,153,860
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (“2024 Proxy Statement”) of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (“LiveRamp,” the “Company,” “we”, “us”, or “our”) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0000733269

XML

AUDIT INFORMATION	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Firm ID	185
Auditor Name	KPMG LLP
Auditor Location	Dallas, Texas

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 336,867	$ 464,448
Restricted cash	2,604	0
Short-term investments	32,045	32,807
Trade accounts receivable, net	190,313	157,379
Refundable income taxes, net	8,521	28,897
Other current assets	31,682	31,028
Total current assets	602,032	714,559
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization	8,181	7,085
Intangible assets, net	34,583	9,868
Goodwill	501,756	363,116
Deferred commissions, net	48,143	37,030
Other assets, net	36,748	41,045
Total assets	1,231,443	1,172,703
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	81,202	86,568
Accrued payroll and related expenses	61,575	33,434
Other accrued expenses	42,857	35,736
Deferred revenue	30,942	19,091
Total current liabilities	216,576	174,829
Other liabilities	65,732	71,798
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value (authorized 1 million shares; issued 0 shares at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively)	0	0
Common stock, $0.10 par value (authorized 200 million shares; issued 155.9 million and 154.0 million shares at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively)	15,594	15,399
Additional paid-in capital	1,933,776	1,855,916
Retained earnings	1,314,172	1,302,291
Accumulated other comprehensive income	3,964	4,504
Treasury stock, at cost (89.7 million and 87.4 million shares at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively)	(2,318,371)	(2,252,034)
Total stockholders' equity	949,135	926,076
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 1,231,443	$ 1,172,703

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par or stated value (in dollars per shares)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Preferred stock, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par or stated value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	155,900,000	154,000,000
Treasury stock, at cost (in shares)	89,700,000	87,400,000

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 659,661	$ 596,583	$ 528,657
Cost of revenue	179,489	170,084	147,427
Gross profit	480,172	426,499	381,230
Operating expenses:
Research and development	151,201	189,195	157,935
Sales and marketing	195,693	202,437	182,763
General and administrative	110,166	125,351	104,591
Gains, losses and other items, net	11,708	35,316	1,479
Total operating expenses	468,768	552,299	446,768
Income (loss) from operations	11,404	(125,800)	(65,538)
Total other income, net	22,957	6,946	30,463
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	34,361	(118,854)	(35,075)
Income tax expense (benefit)	24,270	5,252	(1,242)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations	10,091	(124,106)	(33,833)
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax	1,790	5,404	0
Net earnings (loss)	$ 11,881	$ (118,702)	$ (33,833)
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Continuing operations (in USD per share)	$ 0.15	$ (1.87)	$ (0.50)
Discontinued operations (in USD per share)	0.03	0.08	0
Basic earnings (loss) per share (in USD per share)	0.18	(1.79)	(0.50)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Continuing operations (in USD per share)	0.15	(1.87)	(0.50)
Discontinued operations (in USD per share)	0.03	0.08	0
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.17	$ (1.79)	$ (0.50)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net earnings (loss)	$ 11,881	$ (118,702)	$ (33,833)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	(540)	(1,226)	(1,792)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 11,341	$ (119,928)	$ (35,625)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Stock options	Common Stock	Additional paid-In capital	Additional paid-In capital Stock options	Retained earnings	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Treasury Stock
Balance, beginning of the period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021			147,814,965
Balance, beginning of the period at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 1,080,683		$ 14,781	$ 1,630,072		$ 1,454,826	$ 7,522	$ (2,026,518)
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021								(79,585,710)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Employee stock awards, benefit plans and other issuances (in shares)			254,069					(290,675)
Employee stock awards, benefit plans and other issuances	(8,360)		$ 26	6,240				$ (14,626)
Non-cash stock-based compensation (in shares)			52,459
Non-cash stock-based compensation	71,180		$ 5	71,175
Restricted stock units vested (in shares)			1,131,489
Restricted stock units vested	0		$ 113	(113)
Acquisition-related restricted stock award (in shares)			40,600
Acquisition-related restricted stock award	0		$ 4	(4)
Liability-classified restricted stock units vested (in shares)			547,343
Liability-classified restricted stock units vested	13,803		$ 55	13,748
Acquisition of treasury stock (in shares)								(1,329,211)
Acquisition of treasury stock	(58,621)							$ (58,621)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation	(1,792)						(1,792)
Net earnings (loss)	(33,833)					(33,833)
Balance, end of the period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022			149,840,925
Balance, end of the period at Mar. 31, 2022	1,063,060		$ 14,984	1,721,118		1,420,993	5,730	$ (2,099,765)
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022								(81,205,596)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Employee stock awards, benefit plans and other issuances (in shares)			399,146					(101,011)
Employee stock awards, benefit plans and other issuances	3,987		$ 40	6,219				$ (2,272)
Non-cash stock-based compensation (in shares)			47,093
Non-cash stock-based compensation	117,351		$ 5	117,346
Restricted stock units vested (in shares)			3,253,815
Restricted stock units vested	0		$ 325	(325)
Liability-classified restricted stock units vested (in shares)			446,805
Liability-classified restricted stock units vested	11,603		$ 45	11,558
Acquisition of treasury stock (in shares)								(6,066,230)
Acquisition of treasury stock	(149,997)							$ (149,997)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation	(1,226)						(1,226)
Net earnings (loss)	(118,702)					(118,702)
Balance, end of the period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023			153,987,784
Balance, end of the period at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 926,076		$ 15,399	1,855,916		1,302,291	4,504	$ (2,252,034)
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	(87,400,000)							(87,372,837)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Employee stock awards, benefit plans and other issuances (in shares)			369,442					(219,270)
Employee stock awards, benefit plans and other issuances	$ 1,387		$ 38	7,184				$ (5,835)
Non-cash stock-based compensation (in shares)			39,174
Non-cash stock-based compensation	68,057		$ 3	68,054
Restricted stock units vested (in shares)			1,427,305
Restricted stock units vested	0		$ 143	(143)
Acquisition-related restricted stock award (in shares)			36,118
Acquisition-related restricted stock award	0	$ 493	$ 3	(3)	$ 493
Liability-classified restricted stock units vested (in shares)			83,439
Liability-classified restricted stock units vested	2,283		$ 8	2,275
Acquisition of treasury stock (in shares)								(2,076,854)
Acquisition of treasury stock	(60,502)							$ (60,502)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation	(540)						(540)
Net earnings (loss)	11,881					11,881
Balance, end of the period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024			155,943,262
Balance, end of the period at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 949,135		$ 15,594	$ 1,933,776		$ 1,314,172	$ 3,964	$ (2,318,371)
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	(89,700,000)							(89,668,961)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings (loss)	$ 11,881,000	$ (118,702,000)	$ (33,833,000)
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax	(1,790,000)	(5,404,000)	0
Non-cash operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	11,508,000	20,787,000	24,248,000
Loss on disposal or impairment of assets	1,219,000	4,137,000	183,000
Gain on sale of strategic investments	0	(194,000)	0
Lease-related impairment and restructuring charges	1,769,000	27,545,000	0
Gain on distribution from retained profits interest	0	0	(30,235,000)
Provision for doubtful accounts	2,254,000	1,776,000	4,217,000
Impairment of goodwill	2,875,000	0	0
Deferred income taxes	(458,000)	115,000	(1,540,000)
Non-cash stock compensation expense	71,304,000	125,800,000	87,257,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(32,336,000)	(12,123,000)	(38,611,000)
Deferred commissions	(11,113,000)	(6,436,000)	(7,975,000)
Other assets	9,426,000	7,705,000	26,863,000
Accounts payable and other liabilities	8,508,000	(15,369,000)	8,850,000
Income taxes	22,275,000	596,000	33,969,000
Deferred revenue	8,334,000	4,208,000	4,684,000
Net cash provided by operating activities	105,656,000	34,441,000	78,077,000
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(4,255,000)	(4,696,000)	(4,499,000)
Cash paid in acquisitions, net of cash received	(170,281,000)	0	(19,107,000)
Distribution from retained profits interest	0	0	31,184,000
Purchases of investments	(48,894,000)	(28,197,000)	0
Proceeds from sales of investments	50,750,000	3,000,000	0
Purchases of strategic investments	(1,000,000)	(500,000)	0
Proceeds from sale of strategic investment	0	1,394,000	0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(173,680,000)	(28,999,000)	7,578,000
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds related to the issuance of common stock under stock and employee benefit plans	7,222,000	6,259,000	6,266,000
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of stock-based awards	(5,835,000)	(2,272,000)	(14,626,000)
Acquisition of treasury stock	(60,502,000)	(149,997,000)	(58,621,000)
Net cash used in financing activities	(59,115,000)	(146,010,000)	(66,981,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations	(127,139,000)	(140,568,000)	18,674,000
Cash flows from discontinued operations:
From operating activities	1,790,000	5,404,000	0
Net cash provided by discontinued operations	1,790,000	5,404,000	0
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	372,000	(550,000)	(199,000)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(124,977,000)	(135,714,000)	18,475,000
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	464,448,000	600,162,000	581,687,000
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	339,471,000	464,448,000	600,162,000
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid (received) for income taxes, net - continuing operations	2,465,000	5,801,000	(32,916,000)
Cash (received) for income taxes - discontinued operations	(2,765,000)	(8,332,000)	0
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	10,293,000	8,243,000	10,108,000
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	11,825,000	69,000	56,182,000
Operating lease assets, and related lease liabilities, relinquished in lease terminations	(4,486,000)	(6,781,000)	0
Purchases of property, plant and equipment remaining unpaid at period end	$ 104,000	$ 47,000	$ 696,000

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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

Description of Business -

LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. ("LiveRamp", "we", "us", or the "Company") is a global technology company that helps companies build enduring brand and business value by collaborating responsibly with data. A groundbreaking leader in consumer privacy, data ethics and foundational identity, LiveRamp offers a connected customer view with clarity and context while protecting brand and consumer trust. Our best-in-class enterprise platform enables data collaboration, where companies can share first-party consumer data with trusted business partners securely and in a privacy conscious manner. We offer flexibility to collaborate wherever data lives to support a wide range of data collaboration use cases—within organizations, between brands, and across our global network of premier partners. Global innovators, from iconic consumer brands and tech platforms to retailers, financial services, and healthcare leaders, turn to LiveRamp to deepen customer engagement and loyalty, activate new partnerships, and maximize the value of their first-party data while staying on the forefront of rapidly evolving compliance and privacy requirements.

LiveRamp is a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “RAMP.” We serve a global customer base from locations in the United States, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) region. Our direct customer list includes many of the world’s best-known and most innovative brands across most major industry verticals, including but not limited to financial, insurance and investment services, retail, automotive, telecommunications, high tech, consumer packaged goods, healthcare, travel, entertainment and non-profit. Through our expansive partner ecosystem we serve thousands of additional companies, unlocking access to unique customer moments and creating powerful network effects.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation -

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. We have prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification and Updates (“ASC” and "ASU"), and we consider the various staff accounting bulletins and other applicable guidance issued by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Our fiscal year ends on March 31. References to fiscal 2024, for example, are to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.

Use of Estimates -

In preparing consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, we must make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used in determining, among other items, revenue recognition criteria, allowance for credit losses, operating lease assets and liabilities, including the incremental borrowing rate and terms and provision of each lease, the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, restructuring and impairment accruals, litigation and facilities lease loss accruals, stock-based compensation, and the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income taxes, including the measurement of uncertain tax positions. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

As of March 31, 2024, the impacts to the Company's business due to geopolitical developments and macroeconomic factors, such as rising interest rates, inflation, bank failures, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and supply chain disruptions, continue to evolve. As a result, many of the Company's estimates and assumptions, including the allowance for credit losses, consider macroeconomic factors in the market, which require increased judgment and carry a higher degree of variability and volatility. As events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available, the Company's estimates may change materially in future periods.

Operating Segments -

The Company operates as one operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). Our Chief Executive Officer is our CODM. Our CODM evaluates our financial information and resources and assesses the performance of these resources on a consolidated basis. Since we operate as one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in the consolidated financial statements.

Earnings (Loss) per Share -

Basic net earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net earnings (loss) per share is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period.

A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share is shown below (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Year ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$	10,091	$	(124,106)	$	(33,833)
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax	1,790		5,404		—
Net earnings (loss)	$	11,881	$	(118,702)	$	(33,833)
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	66,266		66,352		68,211
Dilutive effect of common stock options and restricted stock units as computed under the treasury stock method (1)	1,652		—		—
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	67,918		66,352		68,211
Net earnings (loss) per common share, basic and diluted
Continuing operations	$	0.15	$	(1.87)	$	(0.50)
Discontinued operations	0.03		0.08		—
Net earnings (loss) per share	$	0.17	$	(1.79)	$	(0.50)

(1) The number of common stock options and restricted stock units as computed under the treasury stock method that would have otherwise been dilutive but are excluded from the table above because their effect would have been anti-dilutive due to the net loss position of the Company was 0.7 million and 1.3 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Restricted stock units that were outstanding during the years presented but were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive (other than due to the net loss position of the Company) are shown below (shares in thousands):

	Year ended March 31,
	2024	2023	2022
Number of shares underlying restricted stock units	1,112	2,376	686

Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents -

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash held in bank deposit accounts and short-term, highly-liquid money market fund investments and U.S. Treasury securities with remaining maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase.

Investments -

Investments consist of U.S. Treasury securities and certificates of deposit. Securities having remaining maturities of more than three months at the date of purchase and less than one year from the date of the balance sheet are classified as short-term, and those with maturities of more than one year from the date of the balance sheet are classified as long-term in the consolidated balance sheets. These investments are carried at fair market value, with unrealized gains and losses considered to be temporary in nature reported as accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders' equity. The Company reviews all investments for reductions in fair value that are other-than-temporary. When such reductions occur, the cost of the investment is adjusted to fair value through recording a loss on investments in the consolidated statements of operations. Gains and losses on investments are calculated on the basis of specific identification. We did not recognize any gains or losses in fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

Strategic Investments -

Strategic investments consist of non-controlling equity investments in privately held companies. The Company elected the measurement alternative for these investments without readily determinable fair values and for which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence. These investments are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. Under the cost method of accounting, the non-marketable equity securities are carried at cost less any impairment, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer, which is recorded within the consolidated statement of operations. On a quarterly basis, the Company performs a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. If there are sufficient indicators that the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value, the carrying value of the investment is reduced and an impairment is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as other expense, net of tax. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $4.0 million impairment of a strategic investment that is recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statement of operations. There were no impairment charges for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 or 2022.

Revenue Recognition -

LiveRamp recognizes revenue from the following sources: (i) Subscription revenue, which consists primarily of subscription fees from customers accessing our LiveRamp platform; and (ii) Marketplace and Other revenue, which primarily consists of revenue-sharing fees generated from access to data through our LiveRamp Data Marketplace, professional services including product implementation, data science analytics and audience measurement, and transactional usage-based revenue from arrangements with certain publishers and addressable TV providers, and professional services fees.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•Determination of the transaction price;

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied.

Identification of the contract

We consider the terms and conditions of the contract and our customary business practices when identifying our contracts under ASC 606. We determine we have a contract with a customer when the contract or contract modification is approved and the parties are committed to performing their respective obligations, we can identify each party's rights regarding the services to be transferred, we can identify the payment terms for the services, we have determined the contract has commercial substance, and we have determined that collection of at least some of the contract consideration is probable. At contract inception we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as a single contract and whether the single or combined contract includes one or multiple performance obligations. We apply judgment in determining the customer's ability to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer's historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

Identification of the performance obligations

As part of accounting for arrangements with multiple performance obligations, we must assess whether each performance obligation is distinct. A good or service that is promised to a customer is distinct if the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and a company's promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. We have determined that our subscriptions to the platform are a distinct performance obligation and access to data for revenue-sharing and usage-based arrangements is a distinct performance obligation because, once a customer has access to the platform, the service is fully functional and does not require any additional development, modification, or customization.

Determination of the transaction price

The transaction price is the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring services to a customer, excluding sales taxes that are collected on behalf of government agencies. Variable consideration is assessed and included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of our contracts contain a significant financing component.

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on the standalone selling price ("SSP") of each service. We generally determine the SSP based on contractual selling prices when the obligation is sold on a standalone basis, as well as market conditions, competition, and pricing practices. As pricing and marketing strategies evolve, we may modify our pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes to SSP.

Recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied

Revenues are recognized when or as control of the promised services is transferred to customers. Subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the subscription period beginning on the date the services are made available to customers. Marketplace and Other revenue is typically transactional in nature, tied to a revenue share or volumes purchased. We report revenue from Data Marketplace and other similar transactions on a net basis because our performance obligation is to facilitate a transaction between data providers and data buyers, for which we earn a portion of the gross fee. Consequently, the portion of the gross amount billed to data buyers that is remitted to data providers is not reflected as revenues. We generate revenue from Services primarily from project fees paid by subscribers to our platform. Service projects are sold on an ad hoc basis as well as bundled with platform subscriptions. Services revenue is less than 5% of total Company revenue.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable include amounts billed to customers as well as unbilled amounts recognized in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies. Unbilled amounts included in trade accounts receivable, net, which generally arise from the performance of services to customers in advance of billings, were $17.5 million at March 31, 2024 and $17.8 million at March 31, 2023.

Trade accounts receivable are presented net of allowances for credit losses, returns and credits based on the probability of future collections. The probability of future collections is based on specific considerations of historical loss patterns and an assessment of the continuation of such patterns based on past collection trends and known or anticipated future economic events that may impair collectability. Accounts receivable that are determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts. Indicators that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery include past due status greater than 360 days or bankruptcy of the debtor.

A summary of the activity of the allowance for credit losses, returns and credits was (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal year ended:	Balance at beginning of period		Additions (reductions) charged to costs and expenses	Other changes	Bad debts written off, net of amounts recovered	Balance at end of period
March 31, 2022	$	7,617	4,217	(3)	(1,870)	$	9,961
March 31, 2023	$	9,961	1,776	10	(2,403)	$	9,344
March 31, 2024	$	9,344	2,254	755	(3,154)	$	9,199

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of amounts billed in excess of revenue recognized. Deferred revenues are subsequently recorded as revenue when earned in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies.

Deferred Commissions, net -

The Company capitalizes incremental costs to acquire contracts and amortizes them on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, which we have determined to be four years. Net capitalized costs of $11.1 million and $6.8 million were recognized as a reduction of operating expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We did not recognize any impairment charges in fiscal years 2024, 2023, or 2022.

Property and Equipment -

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: leasehold improvements, 2 - 5 years; data processing equipment, 2 - 5 years, and office furniture and other equipment, 3 - 7 years.

Operating Leases -

Right-of-use ("ROU") assets represent the Company's right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time, or term, in exchange for consideration, and operating lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the aforementioned right.

The Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at inception, and whether lease and non-lease components are combined or not. Operating leases with a duration of one year or less are excluded from ROU assets and lease liabilities and related expense is recorded as incurred. ROU assets and lease liabilities are initially recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, which includes the minimum unconditional term of the lease, and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain at the commencement date that such options will be exercised. As the rate implicit for each of the Company's leases is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company uses judgment in determining its incremental borrowing rate, which includes selecting a yield curve based on a hypothetical credit rating. ROU assets also include any initial direct costs and any lease payments made prior to the lease commencement date and are reduced by any lease incentives received. ROU assets are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Short-term lease liabilities are included in other accrued expenses and long-term lease liabilities are included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis as operating lease cost in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company evaluates the recoverability of the ROU assets for possible impairment in accordance with the impairment of long-lived assets policy below.

Business Combinations -

We apply the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations, in accounting for acquisitions. ASC 805 requires us to determine if assets or a business was acquired. If a business was acquired, it requires us to recognize separately from goodwill the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments resulting from new information about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date and falls within the measurement period to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill -

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business acquisitions accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and is not amortized. Goodwill is measured and tested for impairment on an annual basis in the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Such events and changes may include significant changes in performance related to expected operating results, significant changes in asset use, significant negative industry or economic trends, and changes in our business strategy.

Our test for goodwill impairment starts with a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If qualitative factors indicate that the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed. For the purposes of impairment testing, we have determined that we have three reporting units. We completed our annual impairment test during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and assessed whether there were any triggering events quarterly. We recognized $2.9 million of goodwill impairment charges in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. Please refer to Note 9, Goodwill for further details. We did not recognize any goodwill impairment charges in fiscal years ended March 31, 2023 or 2022.

Intangible Assets -

We amortize intangible assets with finite lives over their estimated useful lives and review them for impairment whenever an impairment indicator exists. We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of our long-lived assets, including our intangible assets, may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, we assess recoverability by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through the undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of these assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on any excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. We did not recognize any intangible asset impairment charges in fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

During fiscal 2024, our intangible assets were amortized over their estimated useful lives ranging from one year to six years. Amortization is based on the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset will be consumed or on a straight-line basis when the consumption pattern is not apparent. The weighted average useful lives of our intangible assets were as follows:

	Weighted Average Useful Life (years)
Developed technology	2.6
Customer relationships	2.6

Impairment of Long-lived Assets -

Long-lived assets (asset groups) are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company considers the following to be potential indicators of impairment of its long-lived assets (asset groups): operating losses, substantial decreases in the Company’s stock price, significant adverse changes in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset (asset group) is being used, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of the long-lived asset (asset group), an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset (asset group), and a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset (asset group) will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. When such events occur, recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset group to the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. If such assets are impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments -

We apply the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, to our assets and liabilities that we are required to measure at fair value pursuant to other accounting standards. The additional disclosure regarding our fair value measurements is included in Note 18 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers -

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable.

The Company's cash and cash equivalents are held in federally insured financial institutions. Although the Company's deposits may exceed federally insured limits, management believes the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.

The Company has no significant off-balance sheet risk such as foreign exchange contracts, options contracts, or other hedging arrangements.

The Company’s trade accounts receivables are from a large number of customers. Accordingly, the Company’s credit risk is affected by general economic conditions.

At March 31, 2024, there was one customer that represented more than 10% of the trade accounts receivable balance. Our ten largest customers represented approximately 27% of our revenues in fiscal year 2024. There were no customers that individually exceeded 10% of the Company's revenue in fiscal year 2024.

Income Taxes -

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries file separate income tax returns in the countries in which their operations are based.

The Company makes estimates and judgments in determining the provision for income taxes for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of tax credits, benefits, and deductions, and in the calculation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities that arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes, as well as the interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Significant changes in these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to the tax provision in a subsequent period. The Company assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. If recovery is not likely, the Company increases the provision for taxes by recording a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that it estimates will not ultimately be recoverable.

The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process pursuant to ASC 740, Income Taxes. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining whether the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. If the Company determines that a tax position will more likely than not be sustained on audit, the second step requires the Company to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as the Company must determine the probability of various outcomes.

The Company re-evaluates these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors such as changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, new audit activity, and effectively settled issues. Determining whether an uncertain tax position is effectively settled requires judgment. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.

Foreign Currency -

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our foreign operations generally is the applicable local currency for each foreign subsidiary. The balance sheets of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated at period-end rates of exchange, and the statements of operations are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of equity and comprehensive income (loss). We reflect net foreign exchange transaction gains and losses, resulting from the conversion of the transaction currency to functional currency, as a component of foreign currency exchange gain (loss) in total other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.

Advertising Expense -

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $11.5 million, $12.9 million, and $10.5 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Advertising expense is included in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Legal Contingencies -

We are currently involved in various claims and legal proceedings. Quarterly, we review the status of each significant matter and assess our potential financial exposure. We accrue a liability for an estimated loss if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies provides additional information regarding certain of our legal contingencies.

Stock-Based Compensation -

The Company records stock-based compensation expense according to the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. ASC Topic 718 requires all stock-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations over the service period of the award based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC Topic 718, the Company determines the appropriate fair value model to be used for valuing stock-based payments and the amortization method for compensation cost.

The Company has stock option plans and equity compensation plans (collectively referred to as the “stock-based plans”) administered by the talent and compensation committee of the board of directors (“talent and compensation committee”) under which options and restricted stock units were outstanding as of March 31, 2024.

The Company’s equity compensation plan provides that all employees (employees, officers, directors, affiliates, independent contractors or consultants) are eligible to receive awards (grant of any option, stock appreciation right, restricted stock award, restricted stock unit award, performance award, performance share, performance unit, qualified performance-based award, or other stock unit award) under the plan with the terms and conditions applicable to an award set forth in applicable grant documents.

Incentive stock option awards granted under the stock-based plans cannot be granted with an exercise price less than 100% of the per-share market value of the Company’s shares at the date of grant and have a maximum duration of ten years from the date of grant. Board policy currently requires that non-qualified options also must be priced at or above 100% of the fair market value of the common stock at the time of grant with a maximum duration of ten years.

Restricted stock units may be issued under the equity compensation plan and represent the right to receive shares in the future by way of an award agreement that includes vesting provisions. Award agreements can further provide for forfeitures triggered by certain prohibited activities, such as breach of confidentiality. All restricted stock units are expensed over the vesting period and adjusted for forfeitures as incurred. The vesting of some restricted stock units is subject to the Company’s achievement of certain performance criteria, as well as the individual remaining employed by the Company for a period of years.

The Company receives income tax deductions because of the exercise of non-qualified stock options and the vesting of other stock-based awards. To the extent the income tax deductions differ from the corresponding stock-based compensation expense, such excess tax benefits and deficiencies are included as a component of income tax expense and reflected as an operating cash flow included in changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Restructuring -

The Company records costs associated with employee terminations and other exit activity in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, depending on whether the costs relate to exit or disposal activities under the accounting standards, or whether they are other post-employment termination benefits. Under applicable accounting standards for exit or disposal costs, the Company records employee termination benefits as an operating expense when the benefit arrangement is communicated to the employee and no significant future services are required. Under the accounting standards related to post-employment termination benefits, the Company records employee termination benefits when the termination benefits are probable and can be estimated. 

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted During the Current Year -
Standard	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
There were no material accounting pronouncements applicable to the Company.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted -
Standard	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures	ASU 2023-07 expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses.	The updated standard is effective for our annual periods beginning in fiscal 2025 and interim periods beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted.	We are currently evaluating the impact that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.
ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures	ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income tax paid.	The updated standard is effective for us beginning in fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted.	We are currently evaluating the impact that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS:

Disaggregation of Revenue

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by primary geographical market and major service offerings (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
Primary Geographical Markets	2024		2023		2022
United States	$	618,526	$	556,219	$	495,765
Europe	34,109		32,210		26,373
Asia-Pacific ("APAC")	5,896		7,470		6,519
Other	1,130		684		—
	$	659,661	$	596,583	$	528,657
Major Offerings/Services
Subscription	$	513,641	$	482,807	$	428,617
Marketplace and Other	146,020		113,776		100,040
	$	659,661	$	596,583	$	528,657

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

We have performance obligations associated with fixed commitments in customer contracts for future services that have not yet been recognized in our consolidated financial statements. The amount of fixed revenue not yet recognized was $566.1 million as of March 31, 2024, of which $414.3 million will be recognized over the next twelve months. The Company expects to recognize revenue on substantially all of these remaining performance obligations by March 31, 2028.

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LEASES

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

LEASES

LEASES:

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities balances consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			March 31, 2023
Right-of-use assets included in other assets, net	$	24,471		$	24,604
Short-term lease liabilities included in other accrued expenses	$	10,125		$	9,929
Long-term lease liabilities included in other liabilities	$	32,097		$	37,243
Supplemental balance sheet information:
Weighted average remaining lease term	5.3 years			5.6 years
Weighted average discount rate	5.3		%	3.5		%

The Company leases its office facilities under non-cancellable operating leases that expire at various dates through fiscal 2031. Certain leases contain provisions for property-related costs that are variable in nature for which the Company is responsible, including common area maintenance and other property operating services. These costs are calculated based on a variety of factors including property values, tax and utility rates, property service fees, and other factors. Operating lease costs were $9.2 million, $11.6 million, and $11.6 million for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded $1.9 million of right-of-use asset impairment charges included in gains, losses and other items, net in the consolidated statements of operations related to certain leased office facilities. During the fiscal 2023, the Company recorded $24.6 million of right-of-use asset impairment charges and $2.9 million of non-lease component restructuring charges that are included in gains, losses and other items, net in the consolidated statements of operations related to the exit from certain leased office facilities. Please refer to Note 4, Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges for further details.

The following table presents future minimum payments under all operating leases (including operating leases with a duration of one year or less) as of March 31, 2024:  

	Amount
Fiscal 2025	$	10,282
Fiscal 2026	8,668
Fiscal 2027	8,265
Fiscal 2028	8,454
Fiscal 2029	8,529
Thereafter	4,299
Total undiscounted lease commitments	48,497
Less: Interest and short-term leases	6,275
Total discounted operating lease liabilities	$	42,222

Future minimum payments as of March 31, 2024 related to restructuring plans as a result of the Company's exit from certain leased office facilities (see Note 4) are as follows (dollars in thousands): Fiscal 2025: $2,698; and Fiscal 2026: $1,799.

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RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER CHARGES

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER CHARGES

RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER CHARGES:

Restructuring activities result in various costs, including asset write-offs, right of use ("ROU") asset group impairments, exit charges including severance, contract termination fees, and decommissioning and other costs.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending restructuring liabilities is shown below for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. The restructuring charges and adjustments are included in gains, losses and other items, net in the consolidated statements of operations. The reserve balances are included in other accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets (dollars in thousands).

	Employee-related reserves		Lease accruals		Total
Balances at March 31, 2021	$	825	$	3,918	$	4,743
Restructuring charges and adjustments	—		(19)		(19)
Payments	(778)		(872)		(1,650)
Balances at March 31, 2022	$	47	$	3,027	$	3,074
Restructuring charges and adjustments	7,792		2,946		10,738
Payments	(7,080)		(1,100)		(8,180)
Balances at March 31, 2023	$	759	$	4,873	$	5,632
Restructuring charges and adjustments	4,227		(148)		4,079
Payments	(3,306)		(1,800)		(5,106)
Balances at March 31, 2024	$	1,680	$	2,925	$	4,605

Employee-related Restructuring Plans

During fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a total of $4.2 million in employee-related restructuring charges and adjustments. The expense included severance and other employee-related charges in the United States, Europe, and APAC of $4.0 million and adjustments to the fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2023 employee-related restructuring plans for employees in the United States and Europe of $0.2 million. Of the fiscal 2024 employee-related restructuring plans, $1.4 million remained accrued as of March 31, 2024 and is expected to be paid out during fiscal 2025.

In fiscal 2023, the Company recorded a total of $7.8 million in employee-related restructuring charges and adjustments. The expense included severance and other employee-related charges primarily in the United States. The fiscal 2023 employee-related restructuring plans were paid out during fiscal 2023 and 2024.

In fiscal 2021, the Company recorded a total of $1.7 million in employee-related restructuring charges and adjustments. The expense included severance and other employee-related charges in the United States and Europe. Of the employee-related charges of $1.7 million, $0.2 million remained accrued as of March 31, 2024 and are expected to be paid out during fiscal 2025.

Lease-related Impairments and Restructuring Plans

During fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a total of $1.9 million in additional impairment charges and adjustments related to the fiscal 2023 global real estate footprint reduction initiatives. The charges primarily related to the leased office space in San Francisco and were driven by declines in the expected sublease terms and rates available in the market. The impairment charges included impairments of the operating lease ROU assets of $1.7 million, and the associated furniture, equipment, and leasehold improvements of $0.2 million.

In fiscal 2023, the Company initiated a restructuring plan to lower its operating expenses by reducing its global real estate footprint. As part of this plan, we exited a total of eight leased office spaces. Of those, five were located in the United States: one in Boston, one in Philadelphia, one in Phoenix, and two floors of leased office space in San Francisco. The three remaining spaces were located in Europe: one in the Netherlands, one floor of leased office space in London, England, and one floor of leased office space in Paris, France.

Based on a comparison of undiscounted cash flows to the ROU asset group of each exited lease, the Company determined that each of the ROU asset groups was impaired, driven largely by the difference between the existing lease terms and rates on the Company’s leases and the expected sublease terms and rates available in the market. This resulted in impairment charges totaling $24.6 million during the second, third, and fourth quarters of fiscal 2023, reflecting the excess of the ROU asset group book value over its fair value, which was determined based on estimates of future discounted cash flows and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The lease impairment charges included impairments of the operating lease ROU assets of $20.5 million, and the associated furniture, equipment, and leasehold improvements of $4.1 million. Additionally, the Company recorded $2.9 million in lease-related restructuring charges and adjustments that covered other obligations related to the leased office spaces in San Francisco and Phoenix. Of the combined fiscal 2023 and 2024 lease-related restructuring charges of $2.8 million, $1.7 million remain accrued as of March 31, 2024 and will be satisfied over the remainder of the San Francisco lease term, which continues through April 2029.

In fiscal 2017, the Company made the strategic decision to exit and sub-lease a certain leased office facility under a staggered-exit plan. The full exit was completed in fiscal 2019. We intend to continue subleasing the facility to the extent possible. The liability will be satisfied over the remainder of the leased property's term, which continues through November 2025. Any future changes in the estimates or in the actual sublease income may require future adjustments to the liabilities, which would impact net earnings (loss) in the period the adjustment is recorded. Through March 31, 2024, the Company has recorded a total of $7.3 million of restructuring charges and adjustments related to this lease. Of the amount accrued for this facility lease, $1.3 million remained accrued at March 31, 2024.

Gains, Losses and Other Items, Net

The following table summarizes the activity included in gains, losses and other items, net in the consolidated statements of operations for each of the periods presented (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Employee-related restructuring plan charges	$	4,227	$	7,792	$	(19)
Lease-related restructuring plan charges and adjustments	(148)		2,946		—
Early contract terminations	—		—		1,042
ROU asset group impairments and adjustments	1,946		24,599		—
Goodwill impairment (see Note 9)	2,875		—		—
Other	13		—		—
Acquisition related costs	2,795		(21)		$	456
	$	11,708	$	35,316	$	1,479

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ACQUISITIONS

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

ACQUISITIONS

ACQUISITIONS:

Habu

On January 31, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of Habu, a data clean room software provider that works with global brands and companies to securely share first-party customer data with business partners and publishers to enable more effective and personalized marketing. This acquisition empowers the Company to deliver scale and simplicity to our customers. Through our combined offering, companies will have one, simple platform to measure campaigns across all walled gardens, programmatic, and media channels while connecting data seamlessly across any cloud, warehouse, or clean room. The results of operations for Habu since the closing date have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. The acquisition date fair value of the consideration for Habu was approximately $173.4 million, which consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

Cash, net of $971 cash acquired	$	170,281
Restricted cash held in escrow	2,600
Fair value of replacement stock options and restricted stock shares considered a component of purchase consideration transferred	$	493
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	173,374

On the acquisition date, the Company delivered $2.6 million of cash to an escrow agent according to the terms of the merger agreement. The principal escrow is owned by the Company until funds are delivered to the Habu sellers one year from the acquisition date. All interest and earnings on the principal escrow amount remain the property of the Company.

The aggregate acquisition-date fair value of merger consideration with respect to assumed unvested stock options, restricted stock shares and restricted stock units was approximately $25.5 million. Of the $25.5 million acquisition-date fair value, $0.5 million was attributed to pre-combination service related to the options and restricted shares and treated as a component of purchase consideration transferred. The remaining $25.0 million is considered future compensation cost and will be recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the remaining service period of the replacement options and restricted shares.

In connection with the Habu acquisition, $14.6 million of the acquisition-date fair value of merger consideration otherwise payable with respect to incentive compensation and shares of Habu common stock held by certain key employees were subject to holdback by the Company pursuant to agreements with those employees (each, a "Holdback Agreement"). Each Holdback Agreement specifies that the consideration holdback will vest in three equal annual increments on the anniversary of the January 31, 2024 closing date. Vesting is subject to the Habu key employees' continued employment through each annual vesting date and will be settled in cash, shares of Company common stock, or any combination of cash and Company common stock, at the Company's discretion. As a result, the consideration holdback is not considered part of the purchase price but rather is considered future compensation cost and will be recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the three-year earning period.

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date

of acquisition (dollars in thousands):

	January 31, 2024
Assets acquired:
Cash	$	971
Goodwill	141,641
Intangible assets	33,500
Other current and noncurrent assets	3,815
Total assets acquired	179,927
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(1,460)
Deferred revenue	(3,573)
Other current and noncurrent liabilities	(549)
Net assets acquired	174,345
Less:
Cash acquired	(971)
Net purchase price allocated	173,374
Less:
Restricted cash held in escrow	(2,600)
Fair value of replacement stock options and restricted stock shares considered a component of purchase consideration transferred	(493)
Net cash paid in acquisition	170,281

The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and is primarily attributed to expectations to the development of future technology. The goodwill balance is not deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. The Company recognized the assets and liabilities acquired based on its preliminary estimates of their fair values as of the acquisition date. As additional information becomes known concerning the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, management may make adjustments to the opening balance sheet of the acquired company up to the end of the measurement period, which is not longer than a one-year period following the acquisition date. The determination of the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed (and the related determination of the estimated lives of depreciable tangible and identifiable intangible assets) requires significant judgment. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has not completed its analysis of deferred income taxes. The fair value currently assigned to deferred income taxes was based on the information that was available as of the date of the acquisition. The Company expects to finalize the deferred income taxes as soon as practicable.

The amounts allocated to intangible assets in the table above included developed technology and customer relationships/trade name. Intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. The following table presents the components of intangible assets acquired and their estimated useful lives as of the acquisition date (dollars in thousands):

			Useful life
	Fair value		(in years)
Developed technology	$	30,000	3
Customer relationships	3,000		3
Trade names	500		1
Total intangible assets	$	33,500

The Company has omitted pro forma disclosures related to this acquisition date as the pro forma effect of this

acquisition is not material.

Rakam

On December 13, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of certain technology assets owned by Rakam, Inc. ("Rakam") for approximately $2.2 million in cash (including a holdback amount of $0.2 million). The technology asset is a cloud-agnostic customer data analytics platform that is deployed direct in the customer's data warehouse. The purchased technology has been embedded into the Company's platform, enabling us to provide a single, unified segmentation solution and enable our customers to generate real-time insights and create custom audiences wherever their data resides.

The Company concluded the acquired assets did not meet the definition of a business under ASU 2017-01, "Clarifying the Definition of a Business," and therefore has accounted for the acquisition as an asset acquisition. The purchased asset was recorded as a $2.2 million developed technology intangible asset included in other assets, net in the consolidated balance sheet and is being amortized over a period of three years based on its estimated useful life.

In connection with the acquisition, the Company extended employment agreements and granted $2.6 million of restricted stock units to two key Rakam employees that were recorded as non-cash stock compensation. The restricted stock units vest over four years and were not considered part of the asset purchase price as they require future service and continued employment by those individuals to vest.

Diablo

On April 21, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Diablo.ai, Inc. ("Diablo"), a first-party data resolution platform and graph builder, for approximately $9.7 million in cash (including a holdback amount of $1.2 million). The acquisition also included $1.9 million of assumed restricted stock awards that are recorded as non-cash stock compensation over a period of three years. Diablo's technology has been embedded into our unified platform and plays an integral role in our global identity capability. The Company omitted pro forma disclosures related to this acquisition as the pro forma effect of this acquisition was not material. The results of operations for this acquisition are included in the Company's consolidated results beginning April 21, 2021.

The following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition (dollars in thousands):

	April 21, 2021
Assets acquired:
Cash	$	131
Goodwill	6,807
Intangible assets	3,500
Total assets acquired	10,438
Deferred income taxes	(505)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(65)
Net assets acquired	9,868
Less:
Cash acquired	(131)
Net purchase price allocated	9,737
Less:
Cash held back	(1,200)
Net cash paid in acquisition	8,537

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DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS:

Acxiom Marketing Solutions ("AMS") business

During fiscal 2019, the Company completed the sale of its Acxiom Marketing Solutions ("AMS") business, and the business qualified for treatment as discontinued operations. Significant income taxes were incurred and paid on the gain from the sale of AMS. During fiscal 2024 and 2023, the Company recovered $1.8 million and $5.4 million, respectively, net of tax and fees, of certain previously paid state income taxes arising from the sale of AMS.

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OTHER CURRENT AND NONCURRENT ASSETS

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

OTHER CURRENT AND NONCURRENT ASSETS

OTHER CURRENT AND NONCURRENT ASSETS:

Other current assets consist of the following (dollars in thousands):  

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses and other	$	17,398	$	18,918
Assets of non-qualified retirement plan	14,284		12,110
Other current assets	$	31,682	$	31,028

Other noncurrent assets consist of the following (dollars in thousands):  

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Long-term prepaid revenue share	$	4,714	$	9,659
Right-of-use assets (see Note 3)	24,471		24,604
Deferred tax asset	1,636		1,253
Deposits	3,125		3,452
Strategic investments	2,700		1,600
Other miscellaneous noncurrent assets	102		477
Other assets, net	$	36,748	$	41,045

During fiscal 2023, the Company became aware of a pending sale and the proposed value of the transaction related to one of our strategic investments. As a result, the Company recorded a $4.0 million impairment that is recorded in other expense in the consolidated statement of operations.

In conjunction with the fiscal 2016 disposition of our former IT outsourcing business, we retained a profits interest previously recognized at $0.7 million within miscellaneous noncurrent assets at March 31, 2021. During fiscal 2022, the Company recorded a $30.5 million gain included in total other income in the consolidated statement of operations related to a $31.2 million cash distribution received from the disposition of this retained profits interest.

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT:

Property and equipment is summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Leasehold improvements	$	14,147	$	25,262
Data processing equipment	5,915		6,537
Office furniture and other equipment	5,332		7,594
	25,394		39,393
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(17,213)		(32,308)
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization	$	8,181	$	7,085

Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $2.7 million, $4.0 million, and $5.4 million for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

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GOODWILL

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

GOODWILL

GOODWILL:

Each quarter, the Company considers whether indicators of impairment exist such that additional impairment testing may be necessary. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, triggering events occurred that required the Company to test the recoverability of goodwill associated with its APAC reporting unit. The triggering event was the restructuring of operations in the APAC region. Accordingly, we tested goodwill for impairment and determined that the fair value of the APAC reporting unit had decreased, resulting in complete impairment of the goodwill amount of $2.9 million. In order to estimate the fair value of the APAC reporting unit, management utilized a discounted cash flow model, classified in level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, as well as considered market multiples of guideline public companies.

Changes in goodwill for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Total
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	363,845
Purchase price accounting adjustment related to acquisition of Diablo	(205)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	(524)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	363,116
Impairment	(2,875)
Acquisition of Habu (see Note 5)	141,641
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	(126)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	501,756

Goodwill by geography as of March 31, 2024 was: 

	Total
U.S.	$	501,756

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INTANGIBLE ASSETS

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

INTANGIBLE ASSETS:

The amounts allocated to intangible assets from acquisitions include developed technology, customer relationships, trade names, and publisher and data supply relationships.  The following table shows the amortization activity of intangible assets (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Developed technology, gross	$	102,076	$	72,095
Accumulated amortization	(70,743)		(63,658)
Net developed technology	$	31,333	$	8,437
Customer relationship/trade name, gross	$	37,882	$	34,384
Accumulated amortization	(34,632)		(33,953)
Net customer/trade name	$	3,250	$	431
Publisher/data supply relationships, gross	$	16,000	$	16,000
Accumulated amortization	(16,000)		(15,000)
Net publisher/data supply relationships	$	—	$	1,000
Total intangible assets, gross	$	155,958	$	122,479
Total accumulated amortization	(121,375)		(112,611)
Total intangible assets, net	$	34,583	$	9,868

Total amortization expense related to intangible assets was $8.8 million, $16.8 million, and $18.7 million for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The following table presents the estimated future amortization expenses related to intangible assets.

Fiscal Year:	Amount
2025	$	14,416
2026	11,000
2027	9,167
	$	34,583

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OTHER ACCRUED EXPENSES

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Other Accrued Expenses [Abstract].

OTHER ACCRUED EXPENSES

OTHER ACCRUED EXPENSES:

Other accrued expenses consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Liabilities of non-qualified retirement plan	$	14,284	$	12,110
Short-term lease liabilities (see Note 3)	10,125		9,929
Other miscellaneous accrued expenses	18,448		13,697
Other accrued expenses	$	42,857	$	35,736

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OTHER LIABILITIES

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

OTHER LIABILITIES

OTHER LIABILITIES:

Other liabilities consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Uncertain tax positions	$	25,289	$	23,427
Long-term lease liabilities (see Note 3)	32,097		37,243
Lease restructuring accruals and related sublease deposits	3,957		5,713
Deferred tax liabilities	224		298
Other	4,165		5,117
Other liabilities	$	65,732	$	71,798

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:

Legal Matters

The Company is involved in various claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Management routinely assesses the likelihood of adverse judgments or outcomes to these matters, as well as ranges of probable losses, to the extent losses are reasonably estimable. The Company records accruals for these matters to the extent that management concludes a loss is probable and the financial impact, should an adverse outcome occur, is reasonably estimable. These accruals are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements and are adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertinent to a particular matter. In management’s opinion, the Company has made appropriate and adequate accruals for these matters, and management believes the probability of a material loss beyond the amounts accrued to be remote. However, the ultimate liability for these matters is uncertain, and if accruals are not adequate, an adverse outcome could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations. The Company maintains insurance coverage above certain limits.

Commitments

The following table presents the Company’s purchase commitments at March 31, 2024.  Purchase commitments primarily include contractual commitments for the purchase of data, hosting services, software-as-a-service arrangements and leasehold improvements. The table does not include the future payment of liabilities related to uncertain tax positions of $25.3 million as the Company is not able to predict the periods in which the payments will be made (dollars in thousands):

	For the years ending March 31,
	2025		2026		2027		2028		Total
Purchase commitments	$	88,432	$	17,226	$	4,606	$	3,375	$	113,639

While the Company does not have any other material contractual commitments for capital expenditures, certain levels of investments in facilities and computer equipment continue to be necessary to support the growth of the business.

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION:

The Company has authorized 200 million shares of $0.10 par value common stock and 1 million shares of $1.00 par value preferred stock. The board of directors of the Company may designate the relative rights and preferences of the preferred stock when and if issued. Such rights and preferences could include liquidation preferences, redemption rights, voting rights and dividends, and the shares could be issued in multiple series with different rights and preferences. There has not been any preferred stock activity in the periods presented.

On August 29, 2011, the board of directors adopted a common stock repurchase program.  That program was subsequently modified and expanded, most recently on December 20, 2022, to authorize an additional $100.0 million in share repurchases and extend the term of the existing common stock repurchase program. Under the modified common stock repurchase program, the Company may purchase up to $1.1 billion of its common stock through the period ending December 31, 2024. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 2.1 million shares of its common stock for $60.5 million under the stock repurchase program. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 6.1 million shares of its common stock for $150.0 million under the stock repurchase program. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 1.3 million shares of its common stock for $58.6 million under the stock repurchase program. Through March 31, 2024, the Company has repurchased 37.7 million shares of its common stock for $942.7 million, leaving remaining capacity of $157.3 million under the stock repurchase program. 

The Company paid no dividends on its common stock for any of the years reported.

Stock-based Compensation Plans

The Company has stock option, equity compensation, and stock purchase plans for which a total of 49.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock have been reserved for issuance since the inception of the plans. At March 31, 2024, there were a total of 6.8 million shares available for future grants under the plans, of which 0.9 million shares relate to the Company's qualified employee stock purchase plan.

During fiscal 2024, the board of directors voted to amend the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan (the "2005 Plan") to increase the number of shares available under the plan by 4.0 million shares. The amendment received shareholder approval at the August 2023 annual shareholders' meeting (the "2023 Annual Meeting"). This increased the plan shares from 42.4 million shares at March 31, 2023 to 46.4 million shares beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2023 and increased the total number of shares reserved for issuance since inception of all plans from 45.0 million shares at March 31, 2023 to 49.0 million shares beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

During fiscal 2023, the board of directors voted to amend the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation Plan (the "2005 Plan") to increase the number of shares available under the plan by 4.5 million shares. The amendment received shareholder approval at the August 9, 2022 annual shareholders' meeting (the "2022 Annual Meeting"), bringing the plan shares from 37.9 million shares at June 30, 2022 to 42.4 million shares beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2022. The board of directors also voted to amend the LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") to increase the number of shares available under the plan by 1.0 million shares. The amendment received shareholder approval at the 2022 Annual Meeting bringing the ESPP shares from 0.4 million shares at June 30, 2022 to 1.4 million shares beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2022. These actions bring the total number of shares reserved for issuance since inception of all plans from 39.5 million shares at June 30, 2022 to 45.0 million shares beginning in the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

During fiscal 2023, the board of directors voted to further amend the Company's 2005 Plan. The 2005 Plan was amended to provide that, in the event of a participant’s retirement on or after age 65 with at least five years of service, awards held by the participant at retirement will continue to vest in accordance with their terms. This amendment to the 2005 Plan impacted stock-based compensation expense by accelerating $5.4 million of expense recognition into fiscal 2023 that would have otherwise been recognized over future reporting periods through the quarter ending December 31, 2025.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The Company's stock-based compensation activity for fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022, by award type, was (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Stock options	$	1,014	$	968	$	1,935
Restricted stock units, time-vesting	56,583		105,147		49,217
Restricted stock units, performance based	7,403		6,796		6,791
Diablo restricted stock awards	—		1,126		794
Habu restricted stock awards	144		—		—
Data Plus Math ("DPM") acquisition consideration holdback	—		2,031		8,122
Pacific Data Partners assumed performance plan	—		—		9,101
Acuity performance plan	165		815		1,912
DataFleets acquisition consideration holdback	2,266		5,611		6,043
Habu acquisition consideration holdback	813		—		—
Employee stock purchase plan	1,666		2,051		1,803
Directors stock-based compensation	1,250		1,255		1,539
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	71,304		125,800		87,257
Less expense related to liability-based equity awards	(3,247)		(8,449)		(16,077)
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of equity	$	68,057	$	117,351	$	71,180

The effect of stock-based compensation expense on income, by financial statement line item, was (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	3,553	$	6,317	$	4,111
Research and development	27,189		55,407		32,112
Sales and marketing	18,948		29,429		28,586
General and administrative	21,614		34,647		22,448
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	$	71,304	$	125,800	$	87,257

In March 2023, the Company accelerated the vesting of certain time-vesting restricted stock units that would have otherwise vested over the following six months to take advantage of cash tax savings opportunities. This resulted in the vesting of time-vesting restricted stock units covering approximately 1.5 million shares of common stock. The Company recognized $22.6 million of compensation costs related to the accelerated vesting of these units, which is included in loss from operations in the consolidated statement of operations in fiscal 2023. Of the $22.6 million of compensation costs, $0.4 million represented incremental compensation cost due to the modification and $22.1 million represented accelerated original grant date fair value compensation cost.

The following table provides the expected future expense for all of the Company's outstanding equity awards at March 31, 2024, by award type (dollars in thousands).

	For the years ending
	2025		2026		2027		2028		Total
Stock options	$	3,260	$	2,488	$	1,251	$	102	$	7,101
Restricted stock units	83,397		36,461		9,900		—		129,758
Habu restricted stock awards	857		273		6		—		1,136
Habu acquisition consideration holdback	4,879		4,879		4,067		—		13,825
Employee stock purchase plan	337		—		—		—		337
Expected future expense	$	92,730	$	44,101	$	15,224	$	102	$	152,157

Stock Options Activity

In fiscal 2024, in connection with the acquisition of Habu, the Company replaced all unvested outstanding stock options held by Habu employees immediately prior to the acquisition with options to acquire shares of LiveRamp common stock having substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable under the original options (see Note 5). In total, the Company issued 252,364 replacement options at a weighted-average exercise price of $8.91 per share. The acquisition-date fair value of the replacement stock options was $7.9 million and was determined using a binomial lattice model. Of the $7.9 million acquisition-date fair value, $0.3 million was attributed to pre-combination service and treated as a component of purchase consideration transferred. The remaining $7.5 million of acquisition-date fair value is considered future compensation cost and will be recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the remaining service period of the replacement options.

Stock option activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:  

				Weighted average
		Weighted average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	exercise price		contractual term	Intrinsic value
	shares	per share		(In years)	(In thousands)
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	524,911	$	18.39
Habu replacement stock options issued	252,364	$	8.91
Exercised	(152,743)	$	19.24		$	898
Forfeited or canceled	(2,410)	$	5.21
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	622,122	$	14.39	4.0	$	12,213
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	388,741	$	17.67	1.3	$	6,354

The aggregate intrinsic value for options exercised in fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $0.9 million, $3.7 million, and $4.3 million, respectively.  The aggregate intrinsic value at period end represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between LiveRamp’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period and the exercise price for each in-the-money option) that would have been received by the option holders had they exercised their options on March 31, 2024.  This amount changes based upon changes in the fair market value of LiveRamp’s common stock.

A summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable as of March 31, 2024 was:

					Options outstanding				Options exercisable
Range of						Weighted average	Weighted average			Weighted average
exercise price					Options	remaining	exercise price		Options	exercise price
per share					outstanding	contractual life	per share		exercisable	per share
$	—	—	$	9.99	274,869	8.2 years	$	8.26	41,488	$	4.58
$	10.00	—	$	19.99	182,603	1.1 years	$	17.49	182,603	$	17.49
$	20.00	—	$	24.99	164,650	0.3 years	$	21.18	164,650	$	21.18
					622,122	4.0 years	$	14.39	388,741	$	17.67

Restricted Stock Awards

During fiscal 2024, in connection with the acquisition of Habu, the Company replaced the unvested outstanding restricted stock shares held by Habu employees immediately prior to the acquisition with restricted shares of LiveRamp common stock having substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable under the original restricted stock agreement (see Note 5). The conversion calculation resulted in the issuance of 36,118 replacement restricted stock shares having an acquisition-date fair value of $1.4 million. Of the $1.4 million acquisition-date fair value, $0.1 million was attributed to pre-combination service and treated as a component of purchase consideration transferred. The remaining $1.3 million of acquisition-date fair value is considered future compensation cost and will be recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the remaining service period of the replacement restricted stock shares.

During fiscal 2022, in connection with the acquisition of Diablo, the Company replaced the unvested outstanding restricted stock shares held by a Diablo employee immediately prior to the acquisition with restricted shares of LiveRamp common stock having substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable under the original restricted stock agreement (see Note 5). The conversion calculation resulted in issuance of 40,600 replacement restricted stock shares having an acquisition-date fair value of $1.9 million. The restricted shares vest subject to post-combination service requirements. As a result, the acquisition-date fair value is considered future compensation cost and was recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the vesting period of the replacement stock shares.

Restricted stock share activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:

		Weighted average
		fair value per		Weighted average
	Number	share at grant		remaining contractual
	of shares	date		term (in years)
Unvested restricted stock awards at March 31, 2023	—	$	—
Habu replacement restricted stock award	36,118	$	39.48
Vested	—	$	—
Unvested restricted stock awards at March 31, 2024	36,118	$	39.48	1.3 years

The total fair value of restricted stock awards vested during fiscal years 2023 and 2022 was $0.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, and is measured as the quoted market price of the Company's common stock on the vesting date for the number of shares vested. No restricted stock awards vested during fiscal 2024.

Restricted Stock Unit Activity

Time-vesting restricted stock units ("RSUs") -

During fiscal 2024, the Company granted time-vesting RSUs covering 1,783,478 shares of common stock and having a fair value at the date of grant of $48.6 million. Of the RSUs granted in the current year, 999,987 vest over three years and 783,491 vest over two years. Grant date fair value of these units is equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant.

During fiscal 2024, in connection with the acquisition of Habu, the Company replaced the unvested outstanding time-vesting RSUs held by Habu employees immediately prior to the acquisition with LiveRamp RSUs covering 410,853 shares of common stock having an acquisition-date fair value of $16.2 million (see Note 5). The replacement RSUs have substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable under the original RSU agreement. The replacement RSUs vest subject to post-combination service requirements, as the awards were granted in conjunction with the closing of the acquisition. As a result, the acquisition-date fair value is considered future compensation cost and will be recognized as stock-based compensation cost over the vesting period of the replacement RSUs. At March 31, 2024, the replacement RSUs had a remaining weighted-average contractual term of 2.8 years.

During fiscal 2023, the Company granted time-vesting RSUs covering 4,352,078 shares of common stock and having a fair value at the date of grant of $107.2 million. The RSUs granted in fiscal 2023 primarily vest over three years. Grant date fair value of these units is equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant.

During fiscal 2022, the Company granted time-vesting RSUs covering 3,037,440 shares of common stock and having a fair value at the date of grant of $143.4 million. The RSUs granted in fiscal 2022 primarily vest over four years. Grant date fair value of these units is equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant. Included in the RSUs granted in fiscal 2022 were units related to the Diablo and Rakam acquisitions (see Note 5). Following the closing of the Diablo acquisition, the Company granted new awards of RSUs covering 98,442 shares of common stock, and having a grant date fair value of $4.7 million, to select employees to induce them to accept employment with the Company. In connection with the Rakam acquisition, the Company extended employment agreements and granted new awards of RSUs, covering 55,927 shares of common stock having a grant date fair value of $2.6 million, to two key Rakam employees.

RSU activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:

		Weighted-average
		fair value per		Weighted-average
	Number	share at grant		remaining contractual
	of shares	date		term (in years)
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	4,009,759	$	32.57	2.20
Granted	1,783,478	$	27.26
Habu replacement restricted stock units	410,853	$	39.48
Vested	(1,366,265)	$	32.20
Forfeited or canceled	(436,312)	$	33.32
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	4,401,513	$	31.10	1.64

The total fair value of RSUs vested during fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $45.3 million, $71.5 million, and $30.3 million, respectively, and is measured as the quoted market price of the Company's common stock on the vesting date for the number of shares vested.

Performance-based restricted stock units ("PSUs") -

Fiscal 2024 plan:

During fiscal 2024, the Company granted PSUs covering 666,496 shares of common stock having a fair value at the date of grant of $21.0 million. The grants were made under two separate performance plans.

Under the total shareholder return ("TSR") performance plan, units covering 199,946 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $8.4 million, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model.  The units vest subject to attainment of market conditions established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units may vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, based on the TSR of LiveRamp common stock compared to the TSR of the Russell 2000 market index for the period from April 1, 2023 to March 31, 2026.

Under the operating metrics performance plan, units covering 466,550 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $12.6 million, which was equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant. The units vest subject to attainment of performance criteria established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units may vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, at the end of the performance period, based on the average attainment of annual revenue growth and EBITDA margin targets for fiscal years 2024, 2025, and 2026.

Fiscal 2023 plan:

During fiscal 2023, the Company granted PSUs covering 406,501 shares of common stock having a fair value at the date of grant of $10.0 million. The grants were made under two separate performance plans.

Under the total shareholder return ("TSR") performance plan, units covering 121,951 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $3.7 million, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model.  The units vest subject to attainment of market conditions established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units may vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, based on the TSR of LiveRamp common stock compared to the TSR of the Russell 2000 market index for the period from April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2024, 101,931 units, net of forfeitures, remain eligible for award under this plan.

Under the operating metrics performance plan, units covering 284,550 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $6.3 million, which was equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant. The units vest subject to attainment of performance criteria established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units may vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, at the end of the performance period, based on the average attainment of annual revenue growth and EBITDA margin targets for fiscal years 2023, 2024, and 2025. As of March 31, 2024, 237,837 units, net of forfeitures, remain eligible for award under this plan.

Fiscal 2022 plans:

During fiscal 2022, the Company granted PSUs covering 249,152 shares of common stock having a fair value at the date of grant of $12.6 million. The grants were made under three separate performance plans.

Under a special incentive performance plan, units covering 36,425 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $1.7 million, which was equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant. The units were eligible to vest subject to attainment of performance criteria established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units could vest in a number of shares from 0% to 100% of the award, based on the attainment of key productivity metrics for the period beginning at the date of grant and continuing through December 31, 2023. Through the final measurement date at December 31, 2023, an accumulated 77% achievement, or 27,959 total units were earned and vested under this plan.

Under the fiscal 2022 TSR performance plan, units covering 63,815 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $3.8 million, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model.  The units were eligible to vest subject to attainment of market conditions established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date.  The units could vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, based on the TSR of LiveRamp common stock compared to the TSR of the Russell 2000 market index for the period from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2024. The final performance measurement resulted in approximately 51% attainment, or 20,968 shares. The shares are expected to be delivered, and approximately 20,330 units were canceled, in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 subject to talent and compensation committee approval.

Under the fiscal 2022 operating metrics performance plan, units covering 148,912 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $7.1 million, which was equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant. The units were eligible to vest subject to attainment of performance criteria established by the talent and compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units could vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, based on the attainment of trailing twelve-month revenue growth and EBITDA margin targets for the period from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2024. Performance was measured and vesting evaluated on a quarterly basis beginning with the period ending June 30, 2022 and continuing through the end of the performance period. Through the March 31, 2024 final measurement date, an accumulated approximate 59% achievement, or 67,283 total units were earned under this plan. Of the total units earned, 58,312 shares have been delivered to participants in prior measurement periods. The remaining 8,971 units are expected to be delivered, and approximately 39,211 units were canceled, in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 subject to talent and compensation committee approval.

PSU activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:

		Weighted-average
		fair value per		Weighted-average
	Number	share at grant		remaining contractual
	of shares	date		term (in years)
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	709,589	$	34.97	1.38
Granted	666,496	$	31.58
Vested	(57,114)	$	47.12
Forfeited or canceled	(223,223)	$	40.46
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	1,095,748	$	31.15	1.61

The total fair value of PSUs vested in fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $1.5 million, $3.0 million and $6.7 million, respectively, and is measured as the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date for the number of shares vested.

Other Stock Compensation Activity

Acquisition-related Consideration Holdback

During fiscal 2024, in connection with the acquisition of Habu, $14.6 million of the acquisition consideration otherwise payable with respect to incentive compensation and shares of Habu common stock held by certain key employees was subject to holdback by the Company pursuant to agreements with those employees (each, a "Holdback Agreement"). Each Holdback Agreement specifies that the consideration holdback will vest in three equal annual increments on the anniversary of the January 31, 2024 closing date. Vesting is subject to the Habu key employees' continued employment through each annual vesting date and will be settled in cash, shares of Company common stock, or any combination of cash and Company common stock, at the Company's discretion. Through March 31, 2024, the Company has recognized a total of $0.8 million as stock-based compensation expense related to the Habu consideration holdback. At March 31, 2024, the recognized, but unpaid, balance related to the Habu consideration holdback in other accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet was $0.8 million. The first annual settlement of $4.9 million is expected to occur in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 (see Note 5).

As part of the Company's fiscal 2021 acquisition of DataFleets, $18.1 million of the acquisition consideration otherwise payable with respect to shares of DataFleets common stock held by certain key employees was subject to holdback by the Company pursuant to agreements with those employees (each, a "Holdback Agreement"). Each Holdback Agreement specified that the consideration holdback would vest in three equal annual increments on the anniversary of the closing date (which date may be changed by the board of directors to an earlier date). Vesting was subject to the DataFleets key employees' continued employment through each annual vesting date and would be settled in shares of Company common stock. The final annual settlement of $2.6 million was made in the third quarter of fiscal 2024.

Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP")

Under the Company's ESPP, all eligible employees are permitted to authorize payroll deductions of up to the applicable ESPP and statutory limits to purchase shares of common stock. The ESPP provides for offering periods that are generally every six months. ESPP purchases generally occur on May 31st and November 30th each year. At each purchase date, employees are able to purchase shares at 85% of the lower of (1) the closing market price per share of common stock on the employee's enrollment into the applicable offering period and (2) the closing market price per share of common stock on the purchase date.

The Company calculates the fair value of the ESPP purchase right using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based compensation expense associated with the ESPP was $1.7 million, $2.1 million and $1.8 million for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

During fiscal 2024, 216,699 shares of common stock were purchased under the ESPP at a weighted-average price of $19.76 per share, resulting in cash proceeds of $4.3 million over the relevant offering periods. During fiscal 2023, 197,255 shares of common stock were purchased under the ESPP at a weighted-average price of $20.38 per share, resulting in cash proceeds of $4.0 million over the relevant offering periods. During fiscal 2022, 103,447 shares of common stock were purchased under the ESPP at a weighted-average price of $41.44 per share, resulting in cash proceeds of $4.3 million over the relevant offering periods.

At March 31, 2024, there was approximately $0.3 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP, which is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the current offering period.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Accumulated other comprehensive income accumulated balances of $4.0 million and $4.5 million at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, reflect accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments.

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INCOME TAX

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAX

INCOME TAX:

Total income tax expense (benefit) was allocated as follows (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Continuing operations	$	24,270	$	5,252	$	(1,242)
Discontinued operations	(2,332)		(7,070)		—
	$	21,938	$	(1,818)	$	(1,242)

Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to continuing operations consists of (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Current:
U.S. Federal	$	21,014	$	6,325	$	(1,227)
Non-U.S.	662		1,086		305
State	3,384		(2,274)		1,220
	25,060		5,137		298
Deferred:
U.S. Federal	(101)		155		(895)
Non-U.S.	(387)		(83)		(608)
State	(302)		43		(37)
	(790)		115		(1,540)
Total	$	24,270	$	5,252	$	(1,242)

Income (loss) before income tax attributable to U.S. and non-U.S. continuing operations consists of (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
U.S.	$	33,892	$	(122,994)	$	(37,415)
Non-U.S.	469		4,140		2,340
Total	$	34,361	$	(118,854)	$	(35,075)

Income (loss) before income taxes, as shown above, is based on the location of the entity to which such income (loss) is attributable.  However, since such income (loss) may be subject to taxation in more than one country, the income tax expense (benefit) shown above as U.S. or non-U.S. may not correspond to the income (loss) shown above.

Below is a reconciliation of expected income tax expense (benefit), computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% to income (loss) before income taxes, to actual income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)	$	7,216	$	(24,959)	$	(7,366)
Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2,494		(2,440)		691
Research and other tax credits	(3,012)		(4,363)		(3,107)
Nondeductible expenses	2,169		669		673
Stock-based compensation	2,013		3,486		5,576
Non-U.S. subsidiaries taxed at other rates	(1,036)		491		(364)
Adjustment to valuation allowances	14,209		33,197		2,520
Other, net	217		(829)		135
	$	24,270	$	5,252	$	(1,242)

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. enacted The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). The CARES Act included several significant changes and clarifications to existing tax law, including changes to the treatment of net operating losses (“NOLs”). Under the CARES Act, NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2021, may be carried back to each of the five tax years preceding the tax year of the loss. The Company carried back its fiscal 2021 NOL, resulting in a refund of approximately $29 million, which was received during fiscal 2024. The Company also carried back its fiscal 2020 NOL, resulting in a refund of approximately $33 million, which was received in fiscal 2022.

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at March 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented below (dollars in thousands).  

	March 31,
	2024		2023
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$	5,849	$	5,287
Lease liabilities	10,107		11,613
Net operating loss carryforwards	30,408		22,504
Stock-based compensation	7,346		3,335
Nonqualified deferred compensation	2,809		2,797
Property and equipment	—		585
Tax credit carryforwards	9,764		7,779
Capitalized research and development	45,499		26,357
Other	1,477		253
Total deferred tax assets	113,259		80,510
Less valuation allowance	(81,284)		(61,152)
Net deferred tax assets	31,975		19,358
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	(2,821)		(2,411)
Property and equipment	(1,976)		—
Right-of-use assets	(6,186)		(6,011)
Intangible assets	(7,118)		(829)
Deferred commissions	(12,098)		(9,153)
Other	(364)		—
Total deferred tax liabilities	(30,563)		(18,404)
Net deferred tax assets	$	1,412	$	954

At March 31, 2024, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $35.2 million and $130.7 million for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. The federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely. Of the state net operating loss carryforwards, $16.6 million will not expire and the remainder will expire in various amounts and will completely expire if not used by 2043. The Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $94.7 million. Of this amount, $83.2 million will not expire. The remainder expires in various amounts and will completely expire if not used by 2031. The Company has U.S. federal credit carryforwards of $0.8 million, which will expire if not used by 2044. The Company has U.S. state credit carryforwards of $12.6 million, of which $10.9 million will not expire and the remainder will expire in various amounts and will completely expire if not used by 2039.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Realization of the Company’s net deferred tax assets is dependent upon its generation of sufficient taxable income of the proper character in future years in appropriate tax jurisdictions to obtain benefit from the reversal of temporary differences and the use of net operating loss and credit carryforwards. 

Based upon the weight of available evidence, including the Company’s history of losses from continuing operations, management believes that it is not more likely than not the Company will realize the benefits of its deductible temporary differences and net operating loss and credit carryforwards. Accordingly, the Company has established a full valuation allowance against its net U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Based upon the Company's history of losses in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions, the Company has not recorded a benefit for current foreign losses in these jurisdictions. In addition, management believes it is not more likely than not the Company will realize the benefits of certain foreign net operating loss carryforwards and has established valuation allowances in the amount of $21.6 million against deferred tax assets in such jurisdictions. No valuation allowance has been established against deferred tax assets in non-U.S. jurisdictions in which historical profits and forecasted continuing profits exist.

The current year increase in the valuation allowance is primarily attributable to the impact of the capitalization of research and development expenditures in accordance with IRC Section 174, as modified by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.

The following table sets forth changes in the total gross unrecognized tax benefits for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	21,624	$	23,817	$	25,026
Increases related to prior year tax positions	741		93		411
Decreases related to prior year tax positions	(246)		(522)		—
Increases related to current year tax positions	1,179		2,229		990
Settlements with taxing authorities	—		(166)		—
Lapse of statute of limitations	(376)		(3,827)		(2,610)
Balance at end of period	$	22,922	$	21,624	$	23,817

Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2024 was $22.9 million, of which $19.5 million would reduce the Company’s effective tax rate in future periods if and when realized. The Company reports accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions on tax returns was approximately $6.4 million as of March 31, 2024. Accrued interest and penalties increased by $1.6 million during fiscal 2024. The Company does not anticipate a material reduction of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and tax returns in various state and local jurisdictions.  The Company’s subsidiaries also file tax returns in various foreign jurisdictions in which they operate.  In the U.S., the statute of limitations for Internal Revenue Service examinations remains open for the Company’s federal income tax returns for fiscal years after 2015. The Company’s federal income tax return for fiscal year 2019 is currently under Internal Revenue Service examination. The status of other U.S. state and foreign tax examinations varies by jurisdiction.  The Company does not anticipate any material adjustments to its consolidated financial statements resulting from tax examinations currently in progress.

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RETIREMENT PLANS

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

RETIREMENT PLANS

RETIREMENT PLANS:

The Company has a qualified 401(k) retirement savings plan that covers substantially all U.S. employees.  The Company also offers a supplemental non-qualified deferred compensation plan (“SNQDC Plan”) for certain highly-compensated employees. The Company matches 100% of the first 6% of each participating employee's annual aggregate contributions. The Company may also contribute additional amounts to the plans at the discretion of the board of directors.

Company contributions for the above plans amounted to approximately $12.1 million, $11.6 million, and $10.1 million in fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.  Included in both other current assets and other accrued liabilities are the assets and liabilities of the SNQDC Plan in the amount of $14.3 million and $12.1 million at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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FOREIGN OPERATIONS

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segments, Geographical Areas [Abstract]

FOREIGN OPERATIONS

FOREIGN OPERATIONS:

The Company attributes revenue to each geographic region based on the location of the Company’s operations. The following table shows financial information by geographic area (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
Revenue	2024		2023		2022
United States	$	618,526	$	556,219	$	495,765
Foreign
Europe	34,109		32,210		26,373
APAC	5,896		7,470		6,519
Other	1,130		684		—
All Foreign	41,135		40,364		32,892
	$	659,661	$	596,583	$	528,657

Long-lived assets excluding financial instruments (dollars in thousands):

	March 31,
	2024		2023
United States	$	626,639	$	452,555
Foreign
Europe	1,993		1,643
APAC	656		3,946
Other	123		—
All Foreign	2,772		5,589
	$	629,411	$	458,144

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS:

The Company measures certain financial assets at fair value. Fair value is determined based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, as determined by either the principal market or the most advantageous market. Inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values are classified based on a three-level hierarchy, as follows:

•Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of assets or liabilities.

The following table details the fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial assets and liabilities at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (dollars in thousands):

 

	March 31, 2024
	Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Investments		Other Current Assets		Total
Cash	$	33,224	$	—	$	—	$	33,224
Level 1:
Money market funds	303,643		—		—		303,643
Assets of non-qualified retirement plan	—		—		14,284		14,284
U.S. Treasury securities	—		24,545		—		24,545
Certificates of deposit	—		7,500		—		7,500
Total	$	336,867	$	32,045	$	14,284	$	383,196
	March 31, 2023
	Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Investments		Other Current Assets		Total
Cash	$	22,603	$	—	$	—	$	22,603
Level 1:
Money market funds	439,853		—		—		439,853
Assets of non-qualified retirement plan	—		—		12,110		12,110
U.S. Treasury securities	1,992		25,307		—		27,299
Certificates of deposit	—		7,500		—		7,500
Total	$	464,448	$	32,807	$	12,110	$	509,365

For certain financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, the carrying amounts approximate their fair value due to the relatively short maturity of these balances.

The Company held $2.7 million and $1.6 million of strategic investments without readily determinable fair values at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively (see Note 7). Strategic investments consist of non-controlling equity investments in privately held companies. These investments are accounted for under the cost method of accounting and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. There were no impairment charges during fiscal 2024. During fiscal 2023, the Company recorded a $4.0 million impairment of a strategic investment that is recorded in other expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Certain of the Company's non-financial assets were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during fiscal years 2024 and 2023, respectively, including property and equipment and right-of-use assets that were reduced to fair value when they were impaired as a result of the Company's lease-related restructuring plans and goodwill that was reduced to fair value related to the restructuring of operations in the APAC region. For additional information on the Company's fair value measurement in connection with the impairment of certain property and equipment and right-of-use assets associated with office facilities, see Note 4. For additional information on the Company's fair value measurement in connection with the impairment of goodwill, see Note 9.

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net earnings (loss)	$ 11,881	$ (118,702)	$ (33,833)

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted	true

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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation -

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. We have prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification and Updates (“ASC” and "ASU"), and we consider the various staff accounting bulletins and other applicable guidance issued by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Our fiscal year ends on March 31. References to fiscal 2024, for example, are to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.

Principles of Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation -

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. We have prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification and Updates (“ASC” and "ASU"), and we consider the various staff accounting bulletins and other applicable guidance issued by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Our fiscal year ends on March 31. References to fiscal 2024, for example, are to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates -

In preparing consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, we must make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used in determining, among other items, revenue recognition criteria, allowance for credit losses, operating lease assets and liabilities, including the incremental borrowing rate and terms and provision of each lease, the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, restructuring and impairment accruals, litigation and facilities lease loss accruals, stock-based compensation, and the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income taxes, including the measurement of uncertain tax positions. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

As of March 31, 2024, the impacts to the Company's business due to geopolitical developments and macroeconomic factors, such as rising interest rates, inflation, bank failures, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and supply chain disruptions, continue to evolve. As a result, many of the Company's estimates and assumptions, including the allowance for credit losses, consider macroeconomic factors in the market, which require increased judgment and carry a higher degree of variability and volatility. As events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available, the Company's estimates may change materially in future periods.

Operating Segments

Operating Segments -

The Company operates as one operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). Our Chief Executive Officer is our CODM. Our CODM evaluates our financial information and resources and assesses the performance of these resources on a consolidated basis. Since we operate as one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in the consolidated financial statements.

Earnings (Loss) per Share

Earnings (Loss) per Share -

Basic net earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net earnings (loss) per share is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents -

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash held in bank deposit accounts and short-term, highly-liquid money market fund investments and U.S. Treasury securities with remaining maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase.

Investments and Strategic Investments

Investments -

Investments consist of U.S. Treasury securities and certificates of deposit. Securities having remaining maturities of more than three months at the date of purchase and less than one year from the date of the balance sheet are classified as short-term, and those with maturities of more than one year from the date of the balance sheet are classified as long-term in the consolidated balance sheets. These investments are carried at fair market value, with unrealized gains and losses considered to be temporary in nature reported as accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders' equity. The Company reviews all investments for reductions in fair value that are other-than-temporary. When such reductions occur, the cost of the investment is adjusted to fair value through recording a loss on investments in the consolidated statements of operations. Gains and losses on investments are calculated on the basis of specific identification. We did not recognize any gains or losses in fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

Strategic Investments -

Strategic investments consist of non-controlling equity investments in privately held companies. The Company elected the measurement alternative for these investments without readily determinable fair values and for which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence. These investments are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. Under the cost method of accounting, the non-marketable equity securities are carried at cost less any impairment, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer, which is recorded within the consolidated statement of operations. On a quarterly basis, the Company performs a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. If there are sufficient indicators that the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value, the carrying value of the investment is reduced and an impairment is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as other expense, net of tax. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $4.0 million impairment of a strategic investment that is recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statement of operations. There were no impairment charges for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 or 2022.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition -

LiveRamp recognizes revenue from the following sources: (i) Subscription revenue, which consists primarily of subscription fees from customers accessing our LiveRamp platform; and (ii) Marketplace and Other revenue, which primarily consists of revenue-sharing fees generated from access to data through our LiveRamp Data Marketplace, professional services including product implementation, data science analytics and audience measurement, and transactional usage-based revenue from arrangements with certain publishers and addressable TV providers, and professional services fees.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•Determination of the transaction price;

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied.

Identification of the contract

We consider the terms and conditions of the contract and our customary business practices when identifying our contracts under ASC 606. We determine we have a contract with a customer when the contract or contract modification is approved and the parties are committed to performing their respective obligations, we can identify each party's rights regarding the services to be transferred, we can identify the payment terms for the services, we have determined the contract has commercial substance, and we have determined that collection of at least some of the contract consideration is probable. At contract inception we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as a single contract and whether the single or combined contract includes one or multiple performance obligations. We apply judgment in determining the customer's ability to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer's historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

Identification of the performance obligations

As part of accounting for arrangements with multiple performance obligations, we must assess whether each performance obligation is distinct. A good or service that is promised to a customer is distinct if the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and a company's promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. We have determined that our subscriptions to the platform are a distinct performance obligation and access to data for revenue-sharing and usage-based arrangements is a distinct performance obligation because, once a customer has access to the platform, the service is fully functional and does not require any additional development, modification, or customization.

Determination of the transaction price

The transaction price is the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring services to a customer, excluding sales taxes that are collected on behalf of government agencies. Variable consideration is assessed and included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of our contracts contain a significant financing component.

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on the standalone selling price ("SSP") of each service. We generally determine the SSP based on contractual selling prices when the obligation is sold on a standalone basis, as well as market conditions, competition, and pricing practices. As pricing and marketing strategies evolve, we may modify our pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes to SSP.

Recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied

Revenues are recognized when or as control of the promised services is transferred to customers. Subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the subscription period beginning on the date the services are made available to customers. Marketplace and Other revenue is typically transactional in nature, tied to a revenue share or volumes purchased. We report revenue from Data Marketplace and other similar transactions on a net basis because our performance obligation is to facilitate a transaction between data providers and data buyers, for which we earn a portion of the gross fee. Consequently, the portion of the gross amount billed to data buyers that is remitted to data providers is not reflected as revenues. We generate revenue from Services primarily from project fees paid by subscribers to our platform. Service projects are sold on an ad hoc basis as well as bundled with platform subscriptions. Services revenue is less than 5% of total Company revenue.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable include amounts billed to customers as well as unbilled amounts recognized in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies. Unbilled amounts included in trade accounts receivable, net, which generally arise from the performance of services to customers in advance of billings, were $17.5 million at March 31, 2024 and $17.8 million at March 31, 2023.

Trade accounts receivable are presented net of allowances for credit losses, returns and credits based on the probability of future collections. The probability of future collections is based on specific considerations of historical loss patterns and an assessment of the continuation of such patterns based on past collection trends and known or anticipated future economic events that may impair collectability. Accounts receivable that are determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts. Indicators that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery include past due status greater than 360 days or bankruptcy of the debtor.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of amounts billed in excess of revenue recognized. Deferred revenues are subsequently recorded as revenue when earned in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies.

Deferred Commissions, net

Deferred Commissions, net -

The Company capitalizes incremental costs to acquire contracts and amortizes them on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, which we have determined to be four years. Net capitalized costs of $11.1 million and $6.8 million were recognized as a reduction of operating expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We did not recognize any impairment charges in fiscal years 2024, 2023, or 2022.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment -

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: leasehold improvements, 2 - 5 years; data processing equipment, 2 - 5 years, and office furniture and other equipment, 3 - 7 years.

Operating Leases

Operating Leases -

Right-of-use ("ROU") assets represent the Company's right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time, or term, in exchange for consideration, and operating lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the aforementioned right.

The Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at inception, and whether lease and non-lease components are combined or not. Operating leases with a duration of one year or less are excluded from ROU assets and lease liabilities and related expense is recorded as incurred. ROU assets and lease liabilities are initially recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, which includes the minimum unconditional term of the lease, and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain at the commencement date that such options will be exercised. As the rate implicit for each of the Company's leases is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company uses judgment in determining its incremental borrowing rate, which includes selecting a yield curve based on a hypothetical credit rating. ROU assets also include any initial direct costs and any lease payments made prior to the lease commencement date and are reduced by any lease incentives received. ROU assets are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Short-term lease liabilities are included in other accrued expenses and long-term lease liabilities are included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis as operating lease cost in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company evaluates the recoverability of the ROU assets for possible impairment in accordance with the impairment of long-lived assets policy below.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations -

We apply the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations, in accounting for acquisitions. ASC 805 requires us to determine if assets or a business was acquired. If a business was acquired, it requires us to recognize separately from goodwill the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments resulting from new information about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date and falls within the measurement period to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill

Goodwill -

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business acquisitions accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and is not amortized. Goodwill is measured and tested for impairment on an annual basis in the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Such events and changes may include significant changes in performance related to expected operating results, significant changes in asset use, significant negative industry or economic trends, and changes in our business strategy.

Our test for goodwill impairment starts with a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If qualitative factors indicate that the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed. For the purposes of impairment testing, we have determined that we have three reporting units. We completed our annual impairment test during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and assessed whether there were any triggering events quarterly.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets -

We amortize intangible assets with finite lives over their estimated useful lives and review them for impairment whenever an impairment indicator exists. We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of our long-lived assets, including our intangible assets, may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, we assess recoverability by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through the undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of these assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on any excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. We did not recognize any intangible asset impairment charges in fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

During fiscal 2024, our intangible assets were amortized over their estimated useful lives ranging from one year to six years. Amortization is based on the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset will be consumed or on a straight-line basis when the consumption pattern is not apparent. The weighted average useful lives of our intangible assets were as follows:

	Weighted Average Useful Life (years)
Developed technology	2.6
Customer relationships	2.6

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Impairment of Long-lived Assets -

Long-lived assets (asset groups) are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company considers the following to be potential indicators of impairment of its long-lived assets (asset groups): operating losses, substantial decreases in the Company’s stock price, significant adverse changes in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset (asset group) is being used, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of the long-lived asset (asset group), an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset (asset group), and a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset (asset group) will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. When such events occur, recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset group to the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. If such assets are impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments -

We apply the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, to our assets and liabilities that we are required to measure at fair value pursuant to other accounting standards. The additional disclosure regarding our fair value measurements is included in Note 18 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers -

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable.

The Company's cash and cash equivalents are held in federally insured financial institutions. Although the Company's deposits may exceed federally insured limits, management believes the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.

The Company has no significant off-balance sheet risk such as foreign exchange contracts, options contracts, or other hedging arrangements.

The Company’s trade accounts receivables are from a large number of customers. Accordingly, the Company’s credit risk is affected by general economic conditions.

At March 31, 2024, there was one customer that represented more than 10% of the trade accounts receivable balance. Our ten largest customers represented approximately 27% of our revenues in fiscal year 2024. There were no customers that individually exceeded 10% of the Company's revenue in fiscal year 2024.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes -

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries file separate income tax returns in the countries in which their operations are based.

The Company makes estimates and judgments in determining the provision for income taxes for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of tax credits, benefits, and deductions, and in the calculation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities that arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes, as well as the interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Significant changes in these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to the tax provision in a subsequent period. The Company assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. If recovery is not likely, the Company increases the provision for taxes by recording a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that it estimates will not ultimately be recoverable.

The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process pursuant to ASC 740, Income Taxes. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining whether the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. If the Company determines that a tax position will more likely than not be sustained on audit, the second step requires the Company to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as the Company must determine the probability of various outcomes.

The Company re-evaluates these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors such as changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, new audit activity, and effectively settled issues. Determining whether an uncertain tax position is effectively settled requires judgment. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.

Foreign Currency

Foreign Currency -

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our foreign operations generally is the applicable local currency for each foreign subsidiary. The balance sheets of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated at period-end rates of exchange, and the statements of operations are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of equity and comprehensive income (loss). We reflect net foreign exchange transaction gains and losses, resulting from the conversion of the transaction currency to functional currency, as a component of foreign currency exchange gain (loss) in total other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.

Advertising Expense

Advertising Expense -

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $11.5 million, $12.9 million, and $10.5 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Advertising expense is included in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Legal Contingencies

Legal Contingencies -

We are currently involved in various claims and legal proceedings. Quarterly, we review the status of each significant matter and assess our potential financial exposure. We accrue a liability for an estimated loss if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies provides additional information regarding certain of our legal contingencies.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation -

The Company records stock-based compensation expense according to the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. ASC Topic 718 requires all stock-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations over the service period of the award based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC Topic 718, the Company determines the appropriate fair value model to be used for valuing stock-based payments and the amortization method for compensation cost.

The Company has stock option plans and equity compensation plans (collectively referred to as the “stock-based plans”) administered by the talent and compensation committee of the board of directors (“talent and compensation committee”) under which options and restricted stock units were outstanding as of March 31, 2024.

The Company’s equity compensation plan provides that all employees (employees, officers, directors, affiliates, independent contractors or consultants) are eligible to receive awards (grant of any option, stock appreciation right, restricted stock award, restricted stock unit award, performance award, performance share, performance unit, qualified performance-based award, or other stock unit award) under the plan with the terms and conditions applicable to an award set forth in applicable grant documents.

Incentive stock option awards granted under the stock-based plans cannot be granted with an exercise price less than 100% of the per-share market value of the Company’s shares at the date of grant and have a maximum duration of ten years from the date of grant. Board policy currently requires that non-qualified options also must be priced at or above 100% of the fair market value of the common stock at the time of grant with a maximum duration of ten years.

Restricted stock units may be issued under the equity compensation plan and represent the right to receive shares in the future by way of an award agreement that includes vesting provisions. Award agreements can further provide for forfeitures triggered by certain prohibited activities, such as breach of confidentiality. All restricted stock units are expensed over the vesting period and adjusted for forfeitures as incurred. The vesting of some restricted stock units is subject to the Company’s achievement of certain performance criteria, as well as the individual remaining employed by the Company for a period of years.

The Company receives income tax deductions because of the exercise of non-qualified stock options and the vesting of other stock-based awards. To the extent the income tax deductions differ from the corresponding stock-based compensation expense, such excess tax benefits and deficiencies are included as a component of income tax expense and reflected as an operating cash flow included in changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Restructuring

Restructuring -

The Company records costs associated with employee terminations and other exit activity in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, depending on whether the costs relate to exit or disposal activities under the accounting standards, or whether they are other post-employment termination benefits. Under applicable accounting standards for exit or disposal costs, the Company records employee termination benefits as an operating expense when the benefit arrangement is communicated to the employee and no significant future services are required. Under the accounting standards related to post-employment termination benefits, the Company records employee termination benefits when the termination benefits are probable and can be estimated.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted During the Current Year and Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted During the Current Year -
Standard	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
There were no material accounting pronouncements applicable to the Company.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted -
Standard	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures	ASU 2023-07 expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses.	The updated standard is effective for our annual periods beginning in fiscal 2025 and interim periods beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted.	We are currently evaluating the impact that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.
ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures	ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income tax paid.	The updated standard is effective for us beginning in fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted.	We are currently evaluating the impact that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Reconciliation of Numerator And Denominator of Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share

A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share is shown below (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Year ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$	10,091	$	(124,106)	$	(33,833)
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax	1,790		5,404		—
Net earnings (loss)	$	11,881	$	(118,702)	$	(33,833)
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	66,266		66,352		68,211
Dilutive effect of common stock options and restricted stock units as computed under the treasury stock method (1)	1,652		—		—
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	67,918		66,352		68,211
Net earnings (loss) per common share, basic and diluted
Continuing operations	$	0.15	$	(1.87)	$	(0.50)
Discontinued operations	0.03		0.08		—
Net earnings (loss) per share	$	0.17	$	(1.79)	$	(0.50)

(1) The number of common stock options and restricted stock units as computed under the treasury stock method that would have otherwise been dilutive but are excluded from the table above because their effect would have been anti-dilutive due to the net loss position of the Company was 0.7 million and 1.3 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Schedule of Anti-dilutive Options, Warrants and Restricted Stock Units Excluded from Computation of Loss Per Share

Restricted stock units that were outstanding during the years presented but were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive (other than due to the net loss position of the Company) are shown below (shares in thousands):

	Year ended March 31,
	2024	2023	2022
Number of shares underlying restricted stock units	1,112	2,376	686

Schedule of Activity of the Allowance For Credit Losses, Returns And Credits

A summary of the activity of the allowance for credit losses, returns and credits was (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal year ended:	Balance at beginning of period		Additions (reductions) charged to costs and expenses	Other changes	Bad debts written off, net of amounts recovered	Balance at end of period
March 31, 2022	$	7,617	4,217	(3)	(1,870)	$	9,961
March 31, 2023	$	9,961	1,776	10	(2,403)	$	9,344
March 31, 2024	$	9,344	2,254	755	(3,154)	$	9,199

Schedule of Weighted Average Useful Lives of Intangible Assets

The weighted average useful lives of our intangible assets were as follows:

	Weighted Average Useful Life (years)
Developed technology	2.6
Customer relationships	2.6

Schedule of Accounting Pronouncements Adopted During the Current Year and Recent Accounting Pronouncements not yet Adopted

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted During the Current Year -
Standard	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
There were no material accounting pronouncements applicable to the Company.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted -
Standard	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures	ASU 2023-07 expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses.	The updated standard is effective for our annual periods beginning in fiscal 2025 and interim periods beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted.	We are currently evaluating the impact that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.
ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures	ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income tax paid.	The updated standard is effective for us beginning in fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted.	We are currently evaluating the impact that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by primary geographical market and major service offerings (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
Primary Geographical Markets	2024		2023		2022
United States	$	618,526	$	556,219	$	495,765
Europe	34,109		32,210		26,373
Asia-Pacific ("APAC")	5,896		7,470		6,519
Other	1,130		684		—
	$	659,661	$	596,583	$	528,657
Major Offerings/Services
Subscription	$	513,641	$	482,807	$	428,617
Marketplace and Other	146,020		113,776		100,040
	$	659,661	$	596,583	$	528,657

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LEASES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Right-of-use Asset and Lease Liability Balances

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities balances consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			March 31, 2023
Right-of-use assets included in other assets, net	$	24,471		$	24,604
Short-term lease liabilities included in other accrued expenses	$	10,125		$	9,929
Long-term lease liabilities included in other liabilities	$	32,097		$	37,243
Supplemental balance sheet information:
Weighted average remaining lease term	5.3 years			5.6 years
Weighted average discount rate	5.3		%	3.5		%

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments under all Operating Leases

The following table presents future minimum payments under all operating leases (including operating leases with a duration of one year or less) as of March 31, 2024:  

	Amount
Fiscal 2025	$	10,282
Fiscal 2026	8,668
Fiscal 2027	8,265
Fiscal 2028	8,454
Fiscal 2029	8,529
Thereafter	4,299
Total undiscounted lease commitments	48,497
Less: Interest and short-term leases	6,275
Total discounted operating lease liabilities	$	42,222

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RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER CHARGES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Restructuring Activity

The reserve balances are included in other accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets (dollars in thousands).

	Employee-related reserves		Lease accruals		Total
Balances at March 31, 2021	$	825	$	3,918	$	4,743
Restructuring charges and adjustments	—		(19)		(19)
Payments	(778)		(872)		(1,650)
Balances at March 31, 2022	$	47	$	3,027	$	3,074
Restructuring charges and adjustments	7,792		2,946		10,738
Payments	(7,080)		(1,100)		(8,180)
Balances at March 31, 2023	$	759	$	4,873	$	5,632
Restructuring charges and adjustments	4,227		(148)		4,079
Payments	(3,306)		(1,800)		(5,106)
Balances at March 31, 2024	$	1,680	$	2,925	$	4,605

Schedule of Gains, Losses and Other Items

The following table summarizes the activity included in gains, losses and other items, net in the consolidated statements of operations for each of the periods presented (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Employee-related restructuring plan charges	$	4,227	$	7,792	$	(19)
Lease-related restructuring plan charges and adjustments	(148)		2,946		—
Early contract terminations	—		—		1,042
ROU asset group impairments and adjustments	1,946		24,599		—
Goodwill impairment (see Note 9)	2,875		—		—
Other	13		—		—
Acquisition related costs	2,795		(21)		$	456
	$	11,708	$	35,316	$	1,479

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ACQUISITIONS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of Business Acquisitions, by Acquisition

The acquisition date fair value of the consideration for Habu was approximately $173.4 million, which consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

Cash, net of $971 cash acquired	$	170,281
Restricted cash held in escrow	2,600
Fair value of replacement stock options and restricted stock shares considered a component of purchase consideration transferred	$	493
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	173,374

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date

of acquisition (dollars in thousands):

	January 31, 2024
Assets acquired:
Cash	$	971
Goodwill	141,641
Intangible assets	33,500
Other current and noncurrent assets	3,815
Total assets acquired	179,927
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(1,460)
Deferred revenue	(3,573)
Other current and noncurrent liabilities	(549)
Net assets acquired	174,345
Less:
Cash acquired	(971)
Net purchase price allocated	173,374
Less:
Restricted cash held in escrow	(2,600)
Fair value of replacement stock options and restricted stock shares considered a component of purchase consideration transferred	(493)
Net cash paid in acquisition	170,281

The following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition (dollars in thousands):

	April 21, 2021
Assets acquired:
Cash	$	131
Goodwill	6,807
Intangible assets	3,500
Total assets acquired	10,438
Deferred income taxes	(505)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(65)
Net assets acquired	9,868
Less:
Cash acquired	(131)
Net purchase price allocated	9,737
Less:
Cash held back	(1,200)
Net cash paid in acquisition	8,537

Schedule of Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired as Part of Business Combination

The following table presents the components of intangible assets acquired and their estimated useful lives as of the acquisition date (dollars in thousands):

			Useful life
	Fair value		(in years)
Developed technology	$	30,000	3
Customer relationships	3,000		3
Trade names	500		1
Total intangible assets	$	33,500

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OTHER CURRENT AND NONCURRENT ASSETS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Other Current Assets

Other current assets consist of the following (dollars in thousands):  

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses and other	$	17,398	$	18,918
Assets of non-qualified retirement plan	14,284		12,110
Other current assets	$	31,682	$	31,028

Schedule of Components of Other Noncurrent Assets

Other noncurrent assets consist of the following (dollars in thousands):  

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Long-term prepaid revenue share	$	4,714	$	9,659
Right-of-use assets (see Note 3)	24,471		24,604
Deferred tax asset	1,636		1,253
Deposits	3,125		3,452
Strategic investments	2,700		1,600
Other miscellaneous noncurrent assets	102		477
Other assets, net	$	36,748	$	41,045

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment

Property and equipment is summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Leasehold improvements	$	14,147	$	25,262
Data processing equipment	5,915		6,537
Office furniture and other equipment	5,332		7,594
	25,394		39,393
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(17,213)		(32,308)
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization	$	8,181	$	7,085

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GOODWILL (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill by Operating Segment and Activity and by Component Included in Each Segment

Changes in goodwill for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Total
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	363,845
Purchase price accounting adjustment related to acquisition of Diablo	(205)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	(524)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	363,116
Impairment	(2,875)
Acquisition of Habu (see Note 5)	141,641
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	(126)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	501,756

Goodwill by geography as of March 31, 2024 was: 

	Total
U.S.	$	501,756

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INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Amortization Activity of Intangible Assets

The following table shows the amortization activity of intangible assets (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Developed technology, gross	$	102,076	$	72,095
Accumulated amortization	(70,743)		(63,658)
Net developed technology	$	31,333	$	8,437
Customer relationship/trade name, gross	$	37,882	$	34,384
Accumulated amortization	(34,632)		(33,953)
Net customer/trade name	$	3,250	$	431
Publisher/data supply relationships, gross	$	16,000	$	16,000
Accumulated amortization	(16,000)		(15,000)
Net publisher/data supply relationships	$	—	$	1,000
Total intangible assets, gross	$	155,958	$	122,479
Total accumulated amortization	(121,375)		(112,611)
Total intangible assets, net	$	34,583	$	9,868

Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expenses related to Purchases and Other Intangible Assets

The following table presents the estimated future amortization expenses related to intangible assets.

Fiscal Year:	Amount
2025	$	14,416
2026	11,000
2027	9,167
	$	34,583

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OTHER ACCRUED EXPENSES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Other Accrued Expenses [Abstract].

Schedule of Other Accrued Expenses

Other accrued expenses consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Liabilities of non-qualified retirement plan	$	14,284	$	12,110
Short-term lease liabilities (see Note 3)	10,125		9,929
Other miscellaneous accrued expenses	18,448		13,697
Other accrued expenses	$	42,857	$	35,736

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OTHER LIABILITIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Liabilities

Other liabilities consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Uncertain tax positions	$	25,289	$	23,427
Long-term lease liabilities (see Note 3)	32,097		37,243
Lease restructuring accruals and related sublease deposits	3,957		5,713
Deferred tax liabilities	224		298
Other	4,165		5,117
Other liabilities	$	65,732	$	71,798

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity

The following table presents the Company’s purchase commitments at March 31, 2024.  Purchase commitments primarily include contractual commitments for the purchase of data, hosting services, software-as-a-service arrangements and leasehold improvements. The table does not include the future payment of liabilities related to uncertain tax positions of $25.3 million as the Company is not able to predict the periods in which the payments will be made (dollars in thousands):

	For the years ending March 31,
	2025		2026		2027		2028		Total
Purchase commitments	$	88,432	$	17,226	$	4,606	$	3,375	$	113,639

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Activity, by Award Type

The Company's stock-based compensation activity for fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022, by award type, was (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Stock options	$	1,014	$	968	$	1,935
Restricted stock units, time-vesting	56,583		105,147		49,217
Restricted stock units, performance based	7,403		6,796		6,791
Diablo restricted stock awards	—		1,126		794
Habu restricted stock awards	144		—		—
Data Plus Math ("DPM") acquisition consideration holdback	—		2,031		8,122
Pacific Data Partners assumed performance plan	—		—		9,101
Acuity performance plan	165		815		1,912
DataFleets acquisition consideration holdback	2,266		5,611		6,043
Habu acquisition consideration holdback	813		—		—
Employee stock purchase plan	1,666		2,051		1,803
Directors stock-based compensation	1,250		1,255		1,539
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	71,304		125,800		87,257
Less expense related to liability-based equity awards	(3,247)		(8,449)		(16,077)
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of equity	$	68,057	$	117,351	$	71,180

Schedule of Effect of Stock-based Compensation Expense on Income, by Financial Statement Line Item

The effect of stock-based compensation expense on income, by financial statement line item, was (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	3,553	$	6,317	$	4,111
Research and development	27,189		55,407		32,112
Sales and marketing	18,948		29,429		28,586
General and administrative	21,614		34,647		22,448
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	$	71,304	$	125,800	$	87,257

Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share Based Payment Award, Future Expense

The following table provides the expected future expense for all of the Company's outstanding equity awards at March 31, 2024, by award type (dollars in thousands).

	For the years ending
	2025		2026		2027		2028		Total
Stock options	$	3,260	$	2,488	$	1,251	$	102	$	7,101
Restricted stock units	83,397		36,461		9,900		—		129,758
Habu restricted stock awards	857		273		6		—		1,136
Habu acquisition consideration holdback	4,879		4,879		4,067		—		13,825
Employee stock purchase plan	337		—		—		—		337
Expected future expense	$	92,730	$	44,101	$	15,224	$	102	$	152,157

Schedule of Option Activity

Stock option activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:  

				Weighted average
		Weighted average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	exercise price		contractual term	Intrinsic value
	shares	per share		(In years)	(In thousands)
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	524,911	$	18.39
Habu replacement stock options issued	252,364	$	8.91
Exercised	(152,743)	$	19.24		$	898
Forfeited or canceled	(2,410)	$	5.21
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	622,122	$	14.39	4.0	$	12,213
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	388,741	$	17.67	1.3	$	6,354

Schedule of Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable

A summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable as of March 31, 2024 was:

					Options outstanding				Options exercisable
Range of						Weighted average	Weighted average			Weighted average
exercise price					Options	remaining	exercise price		Options	exercise price
per share					outstanding	contractual life	per share		exercisable	per share
$	—	—	$	9.99	274,869	8.2 years	$	8.26	41,488	$	4.58
$	10.00	—	$	19.99	182,603	1.1 years	$	17.49	182,603	$	17.49
$	20.00	—	$	24.99	164,650	0.3 years	$	21.18	164,650	$	21.18
					622,122	4.0 years	$	14.39	388,741	$	17.67

Schedule of Changes in Restricted Stock

Restricted stock share activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:

		Weighted average
		fair value per		Weighted average
	Number	share at grant		remaining contractual
	of shares	date		term (in years)
Unvested restricted stock awards at March 31, 2023	—	$	—
Habu replacement restricted stock award	36,118	$	39.48
Vested	—	$	—
Unvested restricted stock awards at March 31, 2024	36,118	$	39.48	1.3 years

Schedule of Time-vesting Restricted Stock Unit Activity

RSU activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:

		Weighted-average
		fair value per		Weighted-average
	Number	share at grant		remaining contractual
	of shares	date		term (in years)
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	4,009,759	$	32.57	2.20
Granted	1,783,478	$	27.26
Habu replacement restricted stock units	410,853	$	39.48
Vested	(1,366,265)	$	32.20
Forfeited or canceled	(436,312)	$	33.32
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	4,401,513	$	31.10	1.64

Schedule of Non-vested Performance-based Restricted Stock Units Activity

PSU activity for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was:

		Weighted-average
		fair value per		Weighted-average
	Number	share at grant		remaining contractual
	of shares	date		term (in years)
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	709,589	$	34.97	1.38
Granted	666,496	$	31.58
Vested	(57,114)	$	47.12
Forfeited or canceled	(223,223)	$	40.46
Outstanding at March 31, 2024	1,095,748	$	31.15	1.61

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INCOME TAX (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Total Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Total income tax expense (benefit) was allocated as follows (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Continuing operations	$	24,270	$	5,252	$	(1,242)
Discontinued operations	(2,332)		(7,070)		—
	$	21,938	$	(1,818)	$	(1,242)

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to continuing operations consists of (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Current:
U.S. Federal	$	21,014	$	6,325	$	(1,227)
Non-U.S.	662		1,086		305
State	3,384		(2,274)		1,220
	25,060		5,137		298
Deferred:
U.S. Federal	(101)		155		(895)
Non-U.S.	(387)		(83)		(608)
State	(302)		43		(37)
	(790)		115		(1,540)
Total	$	24,270	$	5,252	$	(1,242)

Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign

Income (loss) before income tax attributable to U.S. and non-U.S. continuing operations consists of (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
U.S.	$	33,892	$	(122,994)	$	(37,415)
Non-U.S.	469		4,140		2,340
Total	$	34,361	$	(118,854)	$	(35,075)

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

Below is a reconciliation of expected income tax expense (benefit), computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% to income (loss) before income taxes, to actual income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)	$	7,216	$	(24,959)	$	(7,366)
Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2,494		(2,440)		691
Research and other tax credits	(3,012)		(4,363)		(3,107)
Nondeductible expenses	2,169		669		673
Stock-based compensation	2,013		3,486		5,576
Non-U.S. subsidiaries taxed at other rates	(1,036)		491		(364)
Adjustment to valuation allowances	14,209		33,197		2,520
Other, net	217		(829)		135
	$	24,270	$	5,252	$	(1,242)

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at March 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented below (dollars in thousands).  

	March 31,
	2024		2023
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$	5,849	$	5,287
Lease liabilities	10,107		11,613
Net operating loss carryforwards	30,408		22,504
Stock-based compensation	7,346		3,335
Nonqualified deferred compensation	2,809		2,797
Property and equipment	—		585
Tax credit carryforwards	9,764		7,779
Capitalized research and development	45,499		26,357
Other	1,477		253
Total deferred tax assets	113,259		80,510
Less valuation allowance	(81,284)		(61,152)
Net deferred tax assets	31,975		19,358
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	(2,821)		(2,411)
Property and equipment	(1,976)		—
Right-of-use assets	(6,186)		(6,011)
Intangible assets	(7,118)		(829)
Deferred commissions	(12,098)		(9,153)
Other	(364)		—
Total deferred tax liabilities	(30,563)		(18,404)
Net deferred tax assets	$	1,412	$	954

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The following table sets forth changes in the total gross unrecognized tax benefits for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands):

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	21,624	$	23,817	$	25,026
Increases related to prior year tax positions	741		93		411
Decreases related to prior year tax positions	(246)		(522)		—
Increases related to current year tax positions	1,179		2,229		990
Settlements with taxing authorities	—		(166)		—
Lapse of statute of limitations	(376)		(3,827)		(2,610)
Balance at end of period	$	22,922	$	21,624	$	23,817

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FOREIGN OPERATIONS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segments, Geographical Areas [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas

The following table shows financial information by geographic area (dollars in thousands): 

	For the twelve months ended March 31,
Revenue	2024		2023		2022
United States	$	618,526	$	556,219	$	495,765
Foreign
Europe	34,109		32,210		26,373
APAC	5,896		7,470		6,519
Other	1,130		684		—
All Foreign	41,135		40,364		32,892
	$	659,661	$	596,583	$	528,657

Long-lived assets excluding financial instruments (dollars in thousands):

	March 31,
	2024		2023
United States	$	626,639	$	452,555
Foreign
Europe	1,993		1,643
APAC	656		3,946
Other	123		—
All Foreign	2,772		5,589
	$	629,411	$	458,144

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The following table details the fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial assets and liabilities at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (dollars in thousands):

 

	March 31, 2024
	Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Investments		Other Current Assets		Total
Cash	$	33,224	$	—	$	—	$	33,224
Level 1:
Money market funds	303,643		—		—		303,643
Assets of non-qualified retirement plan	—		—		14,284		14,284
U.S. Treasury securities	—		24,545		—		24,545
Certificates of deposit	—		7,500		—		7,500
Total	$	336,867	$	32,045	$	14,284	$	383,196
	March 31, 2023
	Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Investments		Other Current Assets		Total
Cash	$	22,603	$	—	$	—	$	22,603
Level 1:
Money market funds	439,853		—		—		439,853
Assets of non-qualified retirement plan	—		—		12,110		12,110
U.S. Treasury securities	1,992		25,307		—		27,299
Certificates of deposit	—		7,500		—		7,500
Total	$	464,448	$	32,807	$	12,110	$	509,365

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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) segment reporting_unit	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of operating segments | segment		1
Asset impairment charges		$ 0	$ 4,000,000	$ 0
Unbilled amounts included in accounts receivable		$ 17,500,000	17,800,000
Capitalized contract cost amortization period		4 years
Recognition of capitalized contract cost		$ 11,100,000	6,800,000
Number of reporting units | reporting_unit		3
Impairment of goodwill	$ 2,900,000	$ 2,875,000	0	0
Advertising expense		$ 11,500,000	$ 12,900,000	$ 10,500,000
Accounts Receivable | Customer Concentration Risk | One Customer
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		10.00%
Revenue Benchmark | Product Concentration Risk | Service
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		5.00%
Revenue Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk | Ten Largest Customers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		27.00%
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Amortization period		1 year
Minimum | Incentive Stock Option
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Exercise price as a percentage of the per-share market value of the Company's shares at the date of grant		100.00%
Minimum | Leasehold Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		2 years
Minimum | Data Processing Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		2 years
Minimum | Office Furniture and Other Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		3 years
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Amortization period		6 years
Maximum | Incentive Stock Option
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Duration of stock options granted		10 years
Maximum | Nonqualified Options
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Exercise price as a percentage of the per-share market value of the Company's shares at the date of grant		100.00%
Duration of stock options granted		10 years
Maximum | Leasehold Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		5 years
Maximum | Data Processing Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		5 years
Maximum | Office Furniture and Other Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		7 years

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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Earnings (Loss) per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations	$ 10,091	$ (124,106)	$ (33,833)
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax	1,790	5,404	0
Net earnings (loss)	$ 11,881	$ (118,702)	$ (33,833)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding (in shares)	66,266	66,352	68,211
Dilutive effect of common stock options and restricted stock unit as computed under the treasury stock method (in shares)	1,652	0	0
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding (in shares)	67,918	66,352	68,211
Continuing operations (in USD per share)	$ 0.15	$ (1.87)	$ (0.50)
Discontinued operations (in USD per share)	0.03	0.08	0
Net earnings (loss) per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.17	$ (1.79)	$ (0.50)
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of loss per share, amount (in shares)	1,112	2,376	686
Continuing Operations
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of loss per share, amount (in shares)		700	1,300

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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Summary of the Activity of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, Returns and Credits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 9,344	$ 9,961	$ 7,617
Additions (reductions) charged to costs and expenses	2,254	1,776	4,217
Other changes	755	10	(3)
Bad debts written off, net of amounts recovered	(3,154)	(2,403)	(1,870)
Balance at end of period	$ 9,199	$ 9,344	$ 9,961

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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Finite-Lived Intangible Assets (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Developed technology
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Useful Life (years)	2 years 7 months 6 days
Customer relationships
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Useful Life (years)	2 years 7 months 6 days

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 659,661	$ 596,583	$ 528,657
Subscription
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	513,641	482,807	428,617
Marketplace and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	146,020	113,776	100,040
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	618,526	556,219	495,765
Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	34,109	32,210	26,373
Asia-Pacific ("APAC")
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	5,896	7,470	6,519
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 1,130	$ 684	$ 0

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS - Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	$ 566.1
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-04-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	$ 414.3
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months

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LEASES - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Right-of-use assets included in other assets, net	$ 24,471	$ 24,604
Operating lease, right-of-use asset, statement of financial position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets, net	Other assets, net
Short-term lease liabilities included in other accrued expenses	$ 10,125	$ 9,929
Operating lease, liability, current, statement of financial position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Accrued Liabilities, Current	Other Accrued Liabilities, Current
Long-term lease liabilities included in other liabilities	$ 32,097	$ 37,243
Operating lease, liability, noncurrent, statement of financial position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other liabilities	Other liabilities
Weighted average remaining lease term	5 years 3 months 18 days	5 years 7 months 6 days
Weighted average discount rate	5.30%	3.50%

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LEASES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended			21 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2024
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating lease costs		$ 9,200	$ 11,600	$ 11,600
ROU asset group impairments and adjustments	$ 24,600	1,946	24,599	0
Employee-related restructuring plan charges		4,227	7,792	$ (19)
Fiscal 2025		10,282			$ 10,282
Fiscal 2026		8,668			8,668
Fiscal 2027		8,265			8,265
Facility Closing
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Employee-related restructuring plan charges					2,800
Restructuring reserve related charges			$ 2,900
Leased Office Facilities
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Fiscal 2025		2,698			2,698
Fiscal 2026		$ 1,799			$ 1,799

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LEASES - Operating Lease, Liability Maturity (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Fiscal 2025	$ 10,282
Fiscal 2026	8,668
Fiscal 2027	8,265
Fiscal 2028	8,454
Fiscal 2029	8,529
Thereafter	4,299
Total undiscounted lease commitments	48,497
Less: Interest and short-term leases	6,275
Total discounted operating lease liabilities	$ 42,222

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RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER CHARGES - Schedule of Restructuring Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and adjustments	$ 4,227	$ 7,792	$ (19)
Employee-related reserves
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and adjustments	4,200	7,800		$ 1,700
Continuing Operations
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring reserve, at the beginning of the period	5,632	3,074	4,743
Restructuring charges and adjustments	4,079	10,738	(19)
Payments	(5,106)	(8,180)	(1,650)
Restructuring reserve, at the end of the period	4,605	5,632	3,074	4,743
Continuing Operations | Employee-related reserves
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring reserve, at the beginning of the period	759	47	825
Restructuring charges and adjustments	4,227	7,792	0
Payments	(3,306)	(7,080)	(778)
Restructuring reserve, at the end of the period	1,680	759	47	825
Continuing Operations | Lease accruals
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring reserve, at the beginning of the period	4,873	3,027	3,918
Restructuring charges and adjustments	(148)	2,946	(19)
Payments	(1,800)	(1,100)	(872)
Restructuring reserve, at the end of the period	$ 2,925	$ 4,873	$ 3,027	$ 3,918

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RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER CHARGES - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended				21 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) leasedOfficeSpace	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges and adjustments		$ 4,227	$ 7,792	$ (19)
ROU asset group impairments and adjustments	$ 24,600	1,946	24,599	$ 0
Operating lease, ROU asset, impairment loss		1,700	20,500
Leasehold improvements	$ 4,100	200	$ 4,100			$ 200
Number of leased office space exited | leasedOfficeSpace			8
Employee Severance
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges and adjustments		4,200	$ 7,800		$ 1,700
Employee Severance | Restructuring Activity 2021
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring reserve		200				200
Employee Severance | Restructuring Activity 2024
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring reserve		1,400				1,400
Facility Closing
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges and adjustments						2,800
Restructuring reserve related charges			$ 2,900
Restructuring reserve		1,700				1,700
Facility Closing | Restructuring Activity 2017
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges and adjustments		7,300
Restructuring reserve		1,300				$ 1,300
United States and Asia Pacific | Employee Severance
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring reserve related charges		4,000
United States and Europe | Employee Severance | Restructuring Activity 2021
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges and adjustments		$ 200
United States
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Number of leased office space exited | leasedOfficeSpace			5
United States | Employee Severance
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring reserve related charges					$ 1,700
Boston
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Number of leased office space exited | leasedOfficeSpace			1
Philadelphia
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Number of leased office space exited | leasedOfficeSpace			1
Phoenix
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Number of leased office space exited | leasedOfficeSpace			1
San Francisco
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Number of leased office space exited | leasedOfficeSpace			2
Europe
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Number of leased office space exited | leasedOfficeSpace			3
The Netherlands
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Number of leased office space exited | leasedOfficeSpace			1
London, England
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Number of leased office space exited | leasedOfficeSpace			1
Paris, France
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Number of leased office space exited | leasedOfficeSpace			1

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RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER CHARGES - Gains, Losses and Other Items (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Employee-related restructuring plan charges			$ 4,227,000	$ 7,792,000	$ (19,000)
Lease-related restructuring plan charges and adjustments			(148,000)	2,946,000	0
Early contract terminations			0	0	1,042,000
ROU asset group impairments and adjustments		$ 24,600,000	1,946,000	24,599,000	0
Goodwill impairment	$ 2,900,000		2,875,000	0	0
Other			13,000	0	0
Acquisition related costs			2,795,000	(21,000)	456,000
Total gains, losses and other items, net			$ 11,708,000	$ 35,316,000	$ 1,479,000

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ACQUISITIONS - Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash, net of $971 cash acquired		$ 170,281	$ 0	$ 19,107
Habu
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash acquired	$ 971
Cash, net of $971 cash acquired	170,281
Restricted cash held in escrow	2,600
Fair value of replacement stock options and restricted stock shares considered a component of purchase consideration transferred	493
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$ 173,374

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ACQUISITIONS - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands				12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($) numberOfExerciseMultiple	Dec. 13, 2021 USD ($) shares	Apr. 21, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Rakam consideration holdback
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments for asset acquisition		$ 2,200
Asset acquisition, contingent consideration		200
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired		$ 2,200
Amortization period		3 years
Rakam consideration holdback | Restricted stock units
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Vesting period		4 years
Granted (in shares) | shares		2,600,000
Habu
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Restricted cash held in escrow	$ 2,600
Assumed restricted stock awards	25,500
Fair value of replacement stock options and restricted stock shares considered a component of purchase consideration transferred	493
Total fair value of the replacement stock options issued	25,000			$ 7,500
Holdback consideration transferred	$ 14,600
Vesting period	3 years
Habu | Consideration holdback
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, contingent consideration arrangements, number of annual increments | numberOfExerciseMultiple	3
Diablo.AI, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Assumed restricted stock awards			$ 1,900
Holdback consideration transferred			$ 1,200
Vesting period			3 years
Payments to acquire businesses, gross			$ 9,700

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ACQUISITIONS - Purchase Price Allocation Related to Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Apr. 21, 2021	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill			$ 501,756	$ 363,116	$ 363,845
Net cash paid in acquisition			$ 170,281	$ 0	$ 19,107
Habu
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	$ 971
Goodwill	141,641
Intangible assets	33,500
Other current and noncurrent assets	3,815
Total assets acquired	179,927
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(1,460)
Deferred revenue	(3,573)
Other current and noncurrent liabilities	(549)
Net assets acquired	174,345
Cash acquired	(971)
Net purchase price allocated	173,374
Cash held back	(2,600)
Restricted cash held in escrow	(2,600)
Fair value of replacement stock options and restricted stock shares considered a component of purchase consideration transferred	(493)
Net cash paid in acquisition	$ 170,281
Diablo.AI, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash		$ 131
Goodwill		6,807
Intangible assets		3,500
Total assets acquired		10,438
Deferred income taxes		(505)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(65)
Net assets acquired		9,868
Cash acquired		(131)
Net purchase price allocated		9,737
Cash held back		(1,200)
Net cash paid in acquisition		$ 8,537

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ACQUISITIONS - Components of Intangible Assets Acquired and Their Estimated Useful Lives as of Acquisition Date (Details) - Habu $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 33,500
Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 30,000
Useful life	3 years
Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 3,000
Useful life	3 years
Trade names
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 500
Useful life	1 year

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DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Discontinued Operations | Acxiom Marketing Solutions
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Tax adjustments, settlements, and unusual provisions	$ 1.8	$ 5.4

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OTHER CURRENT AND NONCURRENT ASSETS - Schedule of Other Current and Noncurrent Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Other current assets
Prepaid expenses and other	$ 17,398	$ 18,918
Assets of non-qualified retirement plan	14,284	12,110
Other current assets	31,682	31,028
Other noncurrent assets
Long-term prepaid revenue share	4,714	9,659
Right-of-use assets	24,471	24,604
Deferred tax asset	1,636	1,253
Deposits	3,125	3,452
Strategic investments	2,700	1,600
Other miscellaneous noncurrent assets	102	477
Other assets, net	$ 36,748	$ 41,045

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OTHER CURRENT AND NONCURRENT ASSETS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Impairment losses on strategic investment	$ 4.0	$ 4.0
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations | IT Infrastructure Management Business
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Retained profits interest				$ 0.7
Gain on disposition of business			$ 30.5
Proceeds from divestiture of businesses			$ 31.2

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT - Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 25,394	$ 39,393
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(17,213)	(32,308)
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization	8,181	7,085
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	14,147	25,262
Data processing equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	5,915	6,537
Office furniture and other equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 5,332	$ 7,594

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 2.7	$ 4.0	$ 5.4

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GOODWILL - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Impairment of goodwill	$ 2,900,000	$ 2,875,000	$ 0	$ 0

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GOODWILL - Changes in Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Goodwill
Goodwill at the beginning of year		$ 363,116,000	$ 363,845,000
Impairment	$ (2,900,000)	(2,875,000)	0	$ 0
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment		(126,000)	(524,000)
Goodwill at the end of year		501,756,000	363,116,000	$ 363,845,000
Diablo.AI, Inc.
Goodwill
Purchase price accounting adjustment related to acquisition of Diablo			$ (205,000)
Habu
Goodwill
Acquisition of Habu		$ 141,641,000

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GOODWILL - Goodwill by Geography (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Goodwill information
Goodwill	$ 501,756	$ 363,116	$ 363,845
U.S.
Goodwill information
Goodwill	$ 501,756

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INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Amounts Allocated to Intangible Assets from Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total intangible assets, gross	$ 155,958	$ 122,479
Accumulated amortization	(121,375)	(112,611)
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net	34,583	9,868
Developed technology, gross
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total intangible assets, gross	102,076	72,095
Accumulated amortization	(70,743)	(63,658)
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net	31,333	8,437
Customer relationship/trade name, gross
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total intangible assets, gross	37,882	34,384
Accumulated amortization	(34,632)	(33,953)
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net	3,250	431
Publisher/data supply relationships, gross
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total intangible assets, gross	16,000	16,000
Accumulated amortization	(16,000)	(15,000)
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 0	$ 1,000

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INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 8.8	$ 16.8	$ 18.7

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INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Estimated Future Amortization Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2025	$ 14,416
2026	11,000
2027	9,167
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 34,583	$ 9,868

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OTHER ACCRUED EXPENSES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Other Accrued Expenses [Abstract].
Liabilities of non-qualified retirement plan	$ 14,284	$ 12,110
Short-term lease liabilities	10,125	9,929
Other miscellaneous accrued expenses	18,448	13,697
Other accrued expenses	$ 42,857	$ 35,736

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OTHER LIABILITIES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Uncertain tax positions	$ 25,289	$ 23,427
Long-term lease liabilities	32,097	37,243
Lease restructuring accruals and related sublease deposits	3,957	5,713
Deferred tax liabilities	224	298
Other	4,165	5,117
Other liabilities	$ 65,732	$ 71,798

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred tax liability not recognized, amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability, bad debt reserve for tax purposes of qualified lender	$ 25.3

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Schedule of Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Purchase Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2025	$ 88,432
2026	17,226
2027	4,606
2028	3,375
Total	$ 113,639

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 20, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
Share-based compensation
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, par or stated value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Preferred stock, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, par or stated value (in dollars per shares)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Acquisition of treasury stock	$ 60,502,000	$ 149,997,000	$ 58,621,000
Treasury stock, at cost (in shares)	89,700,000	87,400,000
Treasury stock, at cost	$ 2,318,371,000	$ 2,252,034,000
Dividends, common stock	$ 0
Total shares reserved for issuance since inception of the stock option and equity compensation plans (in shares)		42,400,000		46,400,000			37,900,000
Number of available shares (in shares)	4,000,000	4,500,000
Employee stock purchase plan
Share-based compensation
Total shares reserved for issuance since inception of the stock option and equity compensation plans (in shares)						1,400,000	400,000
Number of available shares (in shares)	1,000,000
Share-based compensation expense	$ 1,666,000	$ 2,051,000	$ 1,803,000
Stock Option and Equity Compensation Plans
Share-based compensation
Total shares reserved for issuance since inception of the stock option and equity compensation plans (in shares)	49,000,000	45,000,000		49,000,000		45,000,000	39,500,000
Shares which remained available for future grants (in shares)	6,800,000
Stock Option and Equity Compensation Plans | Employee stock purchase plan
Share-based compensation
Shares which remained available for future grants (in shares)	900,000
2005 Plan
Share-based compensation
Duration of stock options granted		5 years
Share-based compensation expense		$ 5,400,000
Common Stock Repurchase Program
Share-based compensation
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount	$ 1,100,000,000				$ 100,000,000
Acquisition of treasury stock (in shares)	2,100,000	6,100,000	1,300,000
Acquisition of treasury stock	$ 60,500,000	$ 150,000,000	$ 58,600,000
Treasury stock, at cost (in shares)	37,700,000
Treasury stock, at cost	$ 942,700,000
Stock repurchase program, remaining amount	$ 157,300,000

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Stock-based Compensation Activity, by Award Type (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based compensation
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	$ 71,304	$ 125,800	$ 87,257
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of equity	68,057	117,351	71,180
Stock options
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	1,014	968	1,935
Restricted stock units | Time-Vesting
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	56,583	105,147	49,217
Restricted stock units | Performance Based Vesting
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	7,403	6,796	6,791
Restricted stock units | Diablo.AI, Inc.
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	0	1,126	794
Restricted stock units | Habu
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	144	0	0
Consideration holdback | Habu
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	813	0	0
Consideration holdback | Data Plus Math Corporation
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	0	2,031	8,122
Consideration holdback | DataFleets, Ltd
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	2,266	5,611	6,043
Pacific Data Partners, LLC Agreement Plan | Pacific Data Partners LLC
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	0	0	9,101
Acuity performance plan | Acuity Data
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	165	815	1,912
Employee stock purchase plan
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	1,666	2,051	1,803
Directors stock-based compensation
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense	1,250	1,255	1,539
Liability-based equity awards
Share-based compensation
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	$ (3,247)	$ (8,449)	$ (16,077)

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Effect of Stock-based Compensation Expense on Income, by Financial Statement Line Item (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based compensation
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	$ 71,304	$ 125,800	$ 87,257
Cost of revenue
Share-based compensation
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	3,553	6,317	4,111
Research and development
Share-based compensation
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	27,189	55,407	32,112
Sales and marketing
Share-based compensation
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	18,948	29,429	28,586
General and administrative
Share-based compensation
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the consolidated statements of operations	$ 21,614	$ 34,647	$ 22,448

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Stock-based Compensation Expense and Stock Options Activity (Details) - Restricted stock units - Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three shares in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares
Share-based compensation
Forfeited in period (in shares) | shares	1.5
Compensation costs	$ 22.6
Incremental compensation cost	0.4
Accelerated original grant date fair value compensation cost	$ 22.1

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Future Expense, by Award Type (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Share-based compensation
Expected future expense	$ 152,157
2025
Share-based compensation
Expected future expense	92,730
2026
Share-based compensation
Expected future expense	44,101
2027
Share-based compensation
Expected future expense	15,224
2028
Share-based compensation
Expected future expense	102
Stock options
Share-based compensation
Stock options	7,101
Stock options | 2025
Share-based compensation
Stock options	3,260
Stock options | 2026
Share-based compensation
Stock options	2,488
Stock options | 2027
Share-based compensation
Stock options	1,251
Stock options | 2028
Share-based compensation
Stock options	102
Restricted stock units
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	129,758
Restricted stock units | 2025
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	83,397
Restricted stock units | 2026
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	36,461
Restricted stock units | 2027
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	9,900
Restricted stock units | 2028
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	0
Habu restricted stock awards | Habu
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	1,136
Habu restricted stock awards | 2025 | Habu
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	857
Habu restricted stock awards | 2026 | Habu
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	273
Habu restricted stock awards | 2027 | Habu
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	6
Habu restricted stock awards | 2028 | Habu
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	0
Habu acquisition consideration holdback | Habu
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	13,825
Habu acquisition consideration holdback | 2025 | Habu
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	4,879
Habu acquisition consideration holdback | 2026 | Habu
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	4,879
Habu acquisition consideration holdback | 2027 | Habu
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	4,067
Habu acquisition consideration holdback | 2028 | Habu
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	0
Employee stock purchase plan
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	337
Expected future expense	300
Employee stock purchase plan | 2025
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	337
Employee stock purchase plan | 2026
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	0
Employee stock purchase plan | 2027
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	0
Employee stock purchase plan | 2028
Share-based compensation
Future share-based compensation expense expected	$ 0

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Stock Options Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based compensation
Exercised (in dollars per share)		$ 19.24
Exercised		$ 898
Habu
Share-based compensation
Total fair value of the replacement stock options issued	$ 25,000	7,500
Pre-combination service		300
Stock options
Share-based compensation
Exercised		$ 900	$ 3,700	$ 4,300
Stock options | Habu
Share-based compensation
Shares issued in period (in shares)		252,364
Exercised (in dollars per share)		$ 8.91
Total fair value of the replacement stock options issued		$ 7,900

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Stock Option Activity - Number of Shares
Outstanding at beginning of the period (in shares) | shares	524,911
Grants in period (in shares) | shares	252,364
Exercised (in shares) | shares	(152,743)
Forfeited or cancelled (in shares) | shares	(2,410)
Outstanding at end of the period (in shares) | shares	622,122
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares) | shares	388,741
Weighted-average exercise price per share
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 18.39
Grants in period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	8.91
Exercised (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	19.24
Forfeited or cancelled (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	5.21
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	14.39
Exercisable at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 17.67
Weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years
Exercisable at the end of the period	1 year 3 months 18 days
Exercised | $	$ 898
Outstanding at the end of the period | $	12,213
Exercisable at the end of the period | $	$ 6,354

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Schedule of Options (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Stock options outstanding and exercisable by exercise price range
Options outstanding (in shares) | shares	622,122
Options outstanding - Weighted-average remaining contractual life	4 years
Options outstanding - Weighted-average exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 14.39
Options exercisable (in shares) | shares	388,741
Options exercisable - Weighted-average exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 17.67
Range of exercise price per share from $0 to $9.99
Stock options outstanding and exercisable by exercise price range
Exercise price per share, low end of range (in dollars per share)	0
Exercise price per share, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 9.99
Options outstanding (in shares) | shares	274,869
Options outstanding - Weighted-average remaining contractual life	8 years 2 months 12 days
Options outstanding - Weighted-average exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 8.26
Options exercisable (in shares) | shares	41,488
Options exercisable - Weighted-average exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 4.58
Range of exercise price per share from $10.00 to $19.99
Stock options outstanding and exercisable by exercise price range
Exercise price per share, low end of range (in dollars per share)	10.00
Exercise price per share, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 19.99
Options outstanding (in shares) | shares	182,603
Options outstanding - Weighted-average remaining contractual life	1 year 1 month 6 days
Options outstanding - Weighted-average exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 17.49
Options exercisable (in shares) | shares	182,603
Options exercisable - Weighted-average exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 17.49
Range of exercise price per share from $20.00 to $24.99
Stock options outstanding and exercisable by exercise price range
Exercise price per share, low end of range (in dollars per share)	20.00
Exercise price per share, high end of range (in dollars per share)	$ 24.99
Options outstanding (in shares) | shares	164,650
Options outstanding - Weighted-average remaining contractual life	3 months 18 days
Options outstanding - Weighted-average exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 21.18
Options exercisable (in shares) | shares	164,650
Options exercisable - Weighted-average exercise price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 21.18

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted Stock Awards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Habu
Share-based compensation
Pre-combination service		$ 0.3
Total fair value of the replacement stock options issued	$ 25.0	7.5
Restricted Stock
Share-based compensation
Vested in period, fair value		$ 0.0	$ 0.6	$ 0.8
Restricted Stock | Habu
Share-based compensation
Conversion of convertible securities (in shares)		36,118
Conversion of convertible securities		$ 1.4
Pre-combination service		0.1
Total fair value of the replacement stock options issued		$ 1.3
Restricted Stock | Diablo.AI, Inc.
Share-based compensation
Conversion of convertible securities (in shares)				40,600
Conversion of convertible securities				$ 1.9

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Time-Vesting Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Non-vested restricted stock unit activity, Number of Shares
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares) | shares	0
Vested (in shares) | shares	0
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares) | shares	36,118
Non-vested restricted stock units, Weighted average fair value per share at grant date
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 39.48
Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)	1 year 3 months 18 days
Habu
Non-vested restricted stock unit activity, Number of Shares
Diablo replacement restricted stock award (in shares) | shares	36,118
Non-vested restricted stock units, Weighted average fair value per share at grant date
Habu replacement restricted stock award (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 39.48

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions			12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Dec. 13, 2021	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Habu
Share-based compensation
Vesting period	3 years
Total fair value of the replacement stock options issued	$ 25.0		$ 7.5
Restricted stock units | Rakam consideration holdback
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)		2,600,000
Vesting period		4 years
Restricted stock units | Vesting in Four Years
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)			1,783,478
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted			$ 48.6
Vesting period				3 years	4 years
Restricted stock units | Time Based Vesting
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)			1,783,478	4,352,078	3,037,440
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted				$ 107.2	$ 143.4
Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)			1 year 7 months 20 days	2 years 2 months 12 days
Vested in period, fair value			$ 45.3	$ 71.5	$ 30.3
Restricted stock units | Time Based Vesting | Rakam consideration holdback
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)					55,927
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted					$ 2.6
Restricted stock units | Time Based Vesting | Habu
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)			410,853
Total fair value of the replacement stock options issued			$ 16.2
Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)			2 years 9 months 18 days
Restricted stock units | Time Based Vesting | Data Plus Math Corporation
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)					98,442
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted					$ 4.7
Restricted stock units | Time-Based Vesting Over Three Years
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)			999,987
Vesting period			3 years
Restricted stock units | Time-Based Vesting Over Two Years
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)			783,491
Vesting period			2 years

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Non-vested Performance-based Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted stock units - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Time Based Vesting
Non-vested restricted stock unit activity, Number of Shares
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	4,009,759
Granted (in shares)	1,783,478	4,352,078	3,037,440
Units vested under the Company's March 2023 acceleration plan (in shares)	410,853
Vested (in shares)	(1,366,265)
Forfeited or cancelled (in shares)	(436,312)
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	4,401,513	4,009,759
Non-vested restricted stock units, Weighted average fair value per share at grant date
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 32.57
Granted (in dollars per share)	27.26
Vested (in dollars per share)	32.20
Units vested under the Company's March 2023 acceleration plan (in dollars per share)	39.48
Forfeited or cancelled (in dollars per share)	33.32
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 31.10	$ 32.57
Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)	1 year 7 months 20 days	2 years 2 months 12 days
Performance stock
Non-vested restricted stock unit activity, Number of Shares
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	709,589
Granted (in shares)	666,496		249,152
Vested (in shares)	(57,114)
Forfeited or cancelled (in shares)	(223,223)
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	1,095,748	709,589
Non-vested restricted stock units, Weighted average fair value per share at grant date
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 34.97
Granted (in dollars per share)	31.58
Vested (in dollars per share)	47.12
Forfeited or cancelled (in dollars per share)	40.46
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 31.15	$ 34.97
Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)	1 year 7 months 9 days	1 year 4 months 17 days

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Performance-based Restricted Stock Units, Narrative (Details) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 shares	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) plan shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) plan shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) plan shares
Share-based compensation
Number of performance plans | plan		2	2	3
Performance Based Stock Units
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)			406,501
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted | $			$ 10.0
Restricted stock units | Operating Metrics Performance Plan
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)				58,312
Award vesting rights percentage		59.00%
Forfeited in period (in shares)		39,211
Vesting in period (in shares)		67,283
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)		8,971
Restricted stock units | Performance stock
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)		666,496		249,152
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted | $		$ 21.0		$ 12.6
Forfeited in period (in shares)		223,223
Vesting in period (in shares)		57,114
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)		1,095,748	709,589
The total fair value of performance-based restricted stock units | $		$ 1.5	$ 3.0	$ 6.7
Restricted stock units | Performance stock | Operating Metrics Performance Plan
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)		466,550		148,912
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted | $		$ 12.6		$ 7.1
Restricted stock units | Performance stock | Minimum | Operating Metrics Performance Plan
Share-based compensation
Award vesting rights percentage				0.00%
Restricted stock units | Performance stock | Maximum | Operating Metrics Performance Plan
Share-based compensation
Award vesting rights percentage				200.00%
Restricted stock units | Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units Under The Total Shareholder Return Performance Plan
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)		199,946
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted | $		$ 8.4
Restricted stock units | Performance Based Stock Units
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)		101,931	121,951
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted | $			$ 3.7
Restricted stock units | Performance Based Stock Units Under Operating Metrics
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)		237,837	284,550
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted | $			$ 6.3
Restricted stock units | Performance Based Stock Units Under Operating Metrics | Minimum
Share-based compensation
Award vesting rights percentage			0.00%
Restricted stock units | Performance Based Stock Units Under Operating Metrics | Maximum
Share-based compensation
Award vesting rights percentage			200.00%
Restricted stock units | ATS Performance Plan Vesting Total Shareholder Return
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)				36,425
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted | $				$ 1.7
Restricted stock units | ATS Performance Plan Vesting Total Shareholder Return | Minimum
Share-based compensation
Award vesting rights percentage				0.00%
Restricted stock units | ATS Performance Plan Vesting Total Shareholder Return | Maximum
Share-based compensation
Award vesting rights percentage				100.00%
Restricted stock units | 2022 Performance Shares That Will Vest Immediately
Share-based compensation
Award vesting rights percentage	77.00%
Forfeited in period (in shares)	27,959
Restricted stock units | Performance Shares Vesting Total Shareholder Return
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)				63,815
Aggregate fair value of restricted stock units granted | $				$ 3.8
Restricted stock units | Performance Shares Vesting Total Shareholder Return | Minimum
Share-based compensation
Award vesting rights percentage		0.00%		0.00%
Restricted stock units | Performance Shares Vesting Total Shareholder Return | Minimum | Operating Metrics Performance Plan
Share-based compensation
Award vesting rights percentage		0.00%
Restricted stock units | Performance Shares Vesting Total Shareholder Return | Maximum
Share-based compensation
Award vesting rights percentage		200.00%		200.00%
Restricted stock units | Performance Shares Vesting Total Shareholder Return | Maximum | Operating Metrics Performance Plan
Share-based compensation
Award vesting rights percentage		200.00%
Restricted stock units | 2021 Performance Shares That Will Vest In One Year
Share-based compensation
Granted (in shares)				20,968
Award vesting rights percentage				51.00%
Forfeited in period (in shares)				20,330

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Other Stock Compensation Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($) numberOfExerciseMultiple	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) numberOfAnnualIncrement
Share-based compensation
Future expense for performance stock option units			$ 152,157
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), foreign currency translation adjustment			$ 4,000	$ 4,500
Employee stock purchase plan
Share-based compensation
Stock purchase offering period			6 months
Exercise price as a percentage of the per-share market value of the Company's shares at the date of grant			85.00%
Share-based compensation expense			$ 1,666	$ 2,051	$ 1,803
Stock issued during period, ESPP (in shares) | shares			216,699	197,255	103,447
Shares issued, price per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 19.76	$ 20.38	$ 41.44
Stock issued during period, ESPP, value			$ 4,300	$ 4,000	$ 4,300
Future expense for performance stock option units			300
Employee stock purchase plan | Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation expense			1,700	$ 2,100	$ 1,800
Habu
Share-based compensation
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense			800
Business combination, contingent consideration, liability, expected costs			4,900
Holdback consideration transferred	$ 14,600
Habu | Consideration holdback
Share-based compensation
Business combination, contingent consideration arrangements, number of annual increments | numberOfExerciseMultiple	3
Habu | Accrued Liabilities
Share-based compensation
Business combination, contingent consideration, liability			$ 800
DataFleets, Ltd
Share-based compensation
Holdback consideration transferred						$ 18,100
Holdback expenses, expected costs		$ 2,600
DataFleets, Ltd | Consideration holdback
Share-based compensation
Business combination, contingent consideration arrangements, number of annual increments | numberOfAnnualIncrement						3

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INCOME TAX - Allocated Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Continuing operations	$ 24,270	$ 5,252	$ (1,242)
Discontinued operations	(2,332)	(7,070)	0
Total	$ 21,938	$ (1,818)	$ (1,242)

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INCOME TAX - Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Attributable to Earnings (Loss) From Continuing Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Current:
U.S. Federal	$ 21,014	$ 6,325	$ (1,227)
Non-U.S.	662	1,086	305
State	3,384	(2,274)	1,220
Total current income tax expense (benefit)	25,060	5,137	298
Deferred:
U.S. Federal	(101)	155	(895)
Non-U.S.	(387)	(83)	(608)
State	(302)	43	(37)
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(790)	115	(1,540)
Total	$ 24,270	$ 5,252	$ (1,242)

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INCOME TAX - Earnings (Loss) Before Income Tax Attributable to U.S. and non-U.S. Continuing Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S.	$ 33,892	$ (122,994)	$ (37,415)
Non-U.S.	469	4,140	2,340
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	$ 34,361	$ (118,854)	$ (35,075)

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INCOME TAX - Reconciliation of Expected Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Computed expected income tax expense (benefit)	$ 7,216	$ (24,959)	$ (7,366)
Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2,494	(2,440)	691
Research and other tax credits	(3,012)	(4,363)	(3,107)
Nondeductible expenses	2,169	669	673
Stock-based compensation	2,013	3,486	5,576
Non-U.S. subsidiaries taxed at other rates	(1,036)	491	(364)
Adjustment to valuation allowances	14,209	33,197	2,520
Other, net	217	(829)	135
Total	$ 24,270	$ 5,252	$ (1,242)

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INCOME TAX - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance	$ 81,284	$ 61,152
Gross unrecognized tax benefits	22,922	$ 21,624	$ 23,817	$ 25,026
Gross unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate	19,500
Accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions on tax returns	6,400
Increase in accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions on tax returns	1,600
Federal tax authority
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	35,200
Credit carryforwards that will not expire	16,600
Tax credit carryforward, amount	800
State and Local Jurisdiction
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	130,700
Tax credit carryforward, amount	12,600
Foreign Tax Authority
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards	94,700
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance	21,600
Tax Year 2021
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Income tax examination, refund adjustment from settlement with taxing authority				$ 29,000
Tax Year 2020
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Income tax examination, refund adjustment from settlement with taxing authority					$ 33,000
Indefinite Tax Year
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards	83,200
Indefinite Tax Year | State and Local Jurisdiction
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward, amount	$ 10,900

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INCOME TAX - Reconciliation of Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$ 5,849	$ 5,287
Lease liabilities	10,107	11,613
Net operating loss carryforwards	30,408	22,504
Stock-based compensation	7,346	3,335
Nonqualified deferred compensation	2,809	2,797
Property and equipment	0	585
Tax credit carryforwards	9,764	7,779
Capitalized research and development	45,499	26,357
Other	1,477	253
Total deferred tax assets	113,259	80,510
Less valuation allowance	(81,284)	(61,152)
Net deferred tax assets	31,975	19,358
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	(2,821)	(2,411)
Property and equipment	(1,976)	0
Right-of-use assets	(6,186)	(6,011)
Intangible assets	(7,118)	(829)
Deferred commissions	(12,098)	(9,153)
Other	(364)	0
Total deferred tax liabilities	(30,563)	(18,404)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 1,412	$ 954

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INCOME TAX - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 21,624	$ 23,817	$ 25,026
Increases related to prior year tax positions	741	93	411
Decreases related to prior year tax positions	(246)	(522)	0
Increases related to current year tax positions	1,179	2,229	990
Settlements with taxing authorities	0	(166)	0
Lapse of statute of limitations	(376)	(3,827)	(2,610)
Balance at end of period	$ 22,922	$ 21,624	$ 23,817

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RETIREMENT PLANS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer matching contribution, percent of match	100.00%
Employer matching contribution, percent of employees' gross pay	6.00%
Defined contribution plan cost	$ 12,100	$ 11,600	$ 10,100
Liabilities of non-qualified retirement plan	14,284	12,110
Supplemental Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets of non-qualified retirement plan	14,300	12,100
Liabilities of non-qualified retirement plan	$ 14,300	$ 12,100

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FOREIGN OPERATIONS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 659,661	$ 596,583	$ 528,657
Long-lived assets	629,411	458,144
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	618,526	556,219	495,765
Long-lived assets	626,639	452,555
Group Of Foreign Countries
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	41,135	40,364	32,892
Long-lived assets	2,772	5,589
Europe
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	34,109	32,210	26,373
Long-lived assets	1,993	1,643
Asia-Pacific ("APAC")
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	5,896	7,470	6,519
Long-lived assets	656	3,946
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	1,130	684	$ 0
Long-lived assets	$ 123	$ 0

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Fair Value Measurements within the Fair Value Hierarchy (Details) - Fair value measurements on recurring basis - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair value of assets and liabilities
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$ 336,867	$ 464,448
Short-Term Investments	32,045	32,807
Other Current Assets	14,284	12,110
Total assets	383,196	509,365
Cash
Fair value of assets and liabilities
Cash and Cash Equivalents	33,224	22,603
Short-Term Investments	0	0
Other Current Assets	0	0
Total assets	33,224	22,603
Level 1: | Money market funds
Fair value of assets and liabilities
Cash and Cash Equivalents	303,643	439,853
Short-Term Investments	0	0
Other Current Assets	0	0
Total assets	303,643	439,853
Level 1: | Assets of non-qualified retirement plan
Fair value of assets and liabilities
Cash and Cash Equivalents	0	0
Short-Term Investments	0	0
Other Current Assets	14,284	12,110
Total assets	14,284	12,110
Level 1: | U.S. Treasury securities
Fair value of assets and liabilities
Cash and Cash Equivalents	0	1,992
Short-Term Investments	24,545	25,307
Other Current Assets	0	0
Total assets	24,545	27,299
Level 1: | Certificates of deposit
Fair value of assets and liabilities
Cash and Cash Equivalents	0	0
Short-Term Investments	7,500	7,500
Other Current Assets	0	0
Total assets	$ 7,500	$ 7,500

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Strategic investments without readily determinable fair values		$ 2,700,000	$ 1,600,000
Impairment charges		$ 0	4,000,000	$ 0
Impairment losses on strategic investment	$ 4,000,000		$ 4,000,000