The Company has stock option and equity compensation plans for which a total of 42.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock have been reserved for issuance since the inception of the plans. At September 30, 2020, there were a total of 6.8 million shares available for future grants under the plans.


	For the six months ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019
Stock options	$	1.4	$	1.8

Restricted stock units	24.8		25.4
Arbor acquisition consideration holdback	—		2.6
DPM acquisition consideration holdback	4.0		2.1
PDP assumed performance plan	9.2		9.5
Acuity performance plan	0.7		—
Other non-employee stock-based compensation	0.6		0.6
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations	40.7		42.0
Less expense related to liability-based equity awards	(12.8)		(10.7)

Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the condensed consolidated statements of equity	$	27.9	$	31.3


	For the six months ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019
Cost of revenue	$	1.7	$	1.8
Research and development	13.6		10.0
Sales and marketing	16.4		18.7
General and administrative	9.0		11.5
Total non-cash stock-based compensation included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations	$	40.7	$	42.0

The following table provides the expected future expense for all of the Company's outstanding equity awards at September 30, 2020, by award type. The amount for 2021 represents the remaining six months ending March 31, 2021. All other periods represent fiscal years ending March 31 (dollars in millions).


	For the years ending March 31,
	2021		2022		2023		2024		2025		Total
Stock options	$	0.8	$	1.1	$	0.3	$	—	$	—	$	2.2
Restricted stock units	32.5		56.6		43.8		22.9		3.1		158.9
DPM acquisition consideration holdback	4.1		8.1		2.0		—		—		14.2
PDP assumed performance plan	9.2		9.2		—		—		—		18.4
Acuity performance plan	1.5		1.9		0.9		0.2		—		4.5
	$	48.1	$	76.9	$	47.0	$	23.1	$	3.1	$	198.2


				Weighted-average
		Weighted-average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	exercise price		contractual term	Intrinsic value
	shares	per share		(in years)	(in thousands)
Outstanding at March 31, 2020	1,350,658	$	14.43

Exercised	(154,165)	$	10.74		$	6,025
Forfeited or canceled	(5,024)	$	1.72
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	1,191,469	$	14.96	2.9	$	43,855
Exercisable at September 30, 2020	1,144,331	$	15.50	2.7	$	41,506

The aggregate intrinsic value at period end represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between LiveRamp’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period and the exercise price for each in-the-money option) that would have been received by the option holders had they exercised their options on September 30, 2020. This amount changes based upon changes in the fair market value of LiveRamp’s common stock.


					Options outstanding				Options exercisable
Range of						Weighted-average	Weighted-average			Weighted-average
exercise price					Options	remaining	exercise price		Options	exercise price
per share					outstanding	contractual life	per share		exercisable	per share
$	0.61	—	$	9.99	148,147	5.1 years	$	1.50	101,009	$	1.30
$	10.00	—	$	19.99	691,732	2.0 years	$	14.62	691,732	$	14.62
$	20.00	—	$	24.99	351,590	3.6 years	$	21.31	351,590	$	21.31

					1,191,469	2.9 years	$	14.96	1,144,331	$	15.50

During the six months ended September 30, 2020, the Company granted RSUs covering 1,824,342 shares of common stock and having a fair value at the date of grant of $72.7 million. The RSUs granted in the current period vest over four years. Grant date fair value of these units is equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant.


		Weighted-average
		fair value per		Weighted-average
	Number	share at grant		remaining contractual
	of shares	date		term (in years)
Outstanding at March 31, 2020	3,351,638	$	40.68	2.51
Granted	1,824,342	$	39.85
Vested	(629,538)	$	41.56
Forfeited or canceled	(294,861)	$	41.43
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	4,251,581	$	40.14	2.70

The total fair value of RSUs vested during the six months ended September 30, 2020 was $30.0 million and is measured as the quoted market price of the Company's common stock on the vesting date for the number of shares vested.

During the six months ended September 30, 2020, the Company granted PSUs covering 246,524 shares of common stock having a fair value at the date of grant of $10.7 million. The grants were made under two separate performance plans.

Under the first performance plan, units covering 73,950 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $4.2 million, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The units vest subject to attainment of market conditions established by the compensation committee of the board of directors (“compensation committee”) and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units may vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, based on the total shareholder return of LiveRamp common stock compared to total shareholder return of the Russell 2000 market index for the period from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2023.

Under the second performance plan, units covering 172,574 shares of common stock were granted having a fair value at the date of grant of $6.5 million, which was equal to the quoted market price for the shares on the date of grant. The units vest subject to attainment of performance criteria established by the compensation committee and continuous employment through the vesting date. The units may vest in a number of shares from 0% to 200% of the award, based on the attainment of trailing twelve-month revenue growth and EBITDA margin targets for the period from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2023. Performance will be measured and vesting evaluated on a quarterly basis beginning with the period ending June 30, 2021 and continuing through the end of the performance period. To the extent that shares are earned in a given quarter, 50% vest immediately and 50% vest on the one-year anniversary of attainment approval, except that all earned but unvested shares will vest fully at the end of the measurement period.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, the compensation committee approved the final performance attainment on a fiscal 2020 performance plan covering 59,480 PSUs. The awards reached maturity of the relevant performance period at March 31, 2020, and final attainment of these awards was determined by the compensation committee during the quarter ended June 30, 2020 to be 164% resulting in an additional award of 38,063 units (for a total earned amount of 97,543 units). Of the earned amount, one-third vested immediately, while the remaining two-thirds will vest in equal increments in first quarters of fiscal years 2022 and 2023.

The initial quarterly measurement date for the fiscal 2019 performance plan, covering 313,771 PSUs, was reached on June 30, 2020. During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the compensation committee approved the initial quarterly performance measurement of 57% attainment, resulting in a total earned amount of 178,146 units. Of the earned amount, one-half vested immediately, while the remaining one-half will vest in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022.

The performance measurement occurring as of September 30, 2020 resulted in zero additional attainment. As of September 30, 2020, there remains a maximum potential of 441,816 additional units eligible for attainment under the plan. Quarterly measurements of attainment will continue through September 30, 2022.


		Weighted-average
		fair value per		Weighted-average
	Number	share at grant		remaining contractual
	of shares	date		term (in years)
Outstanding at March 31, 2020	545,446	$	51.01	2.24
Granted	246,524	$	43.40
Additional earned performance shares	38,063	$	55.48
Vested	(121,587)	$	48.88
Forfeited or canceled	(32,647)	$	34.22
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	675,799	$	49.68	2.03

The total fair value of PSUs vested in the six months ended September 30, 2020 was $6.1 million and is measured as the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date for the number of shares vested.

In connection with the acquisition of Acuity Data in the current fiscal quarter, the Company will be obligated to pay up to an additional $5.1 million, settled in shares of Company stock, and subject to certain performance conditions and continued employment of each participant. Performance will be measured and vesting evaluated in three annual increments on the anniversary of the closing date (which date may be changed by the board of directors to an earlier date). Through September 30, 2020, the Company had recognized a total of $0.7 million related to the plan. At September 30, 2020, the recognized, but unpaid, balance in other accrued expense in the condensed consolidated balance sheet was $0.7 million.

As part of the Company's fiscal 2020 acquisition of Data Plus Math ("DPM"), $24.4 million of the acquisition consideration otherwise payable with respect to shares of DPM common stock held by certain key employees was subject to holdback by the Company pursuant to agreements with those employees (each, a "Holdback Agreement"). Each Holdback Agreement specifies that the consideration holdback will vest in three equal annual increments on the anniversary of the closing date (which date may be changed by the board of directors to an earlier date). Vesting is subject to the DPM key employees' continued employment through each annual vesting date and will be settled in shares of Company common stock. Through September 30, 2020, the Company had recognized a total of $10.2 million related to the DPM consideration holdback. At September 30, 2020, the recognized, but unpaid, balance related to the DPM consideration holdback in other accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheet was $2.0 million. The next annual settlement is expected to occur at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2022.

In connection with the fiscal 2018 acquisition of PDP, the Company assumed the outstanding performance compensation plan under the PDP 2018 Equity Compensation Plan ("PDP PSU plan"). During fiscal 2020, the Company converted the outstanding PDP PSU plan to a time-vesting restricted stock plan ("PDP RSU plan").

Through September 30, 2020, the Company has recognized a total of $46.9 million related to the PDP RSU plan. At September 30, 2020, the recognized, but unpaid, balance related to the PDP RSU plan in other accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheet was $8.2 million.