SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

9 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

NOTE 2:  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Biomerica, Inc. as well as its German subsidiary (BioEurope GmbH) and Mexican subsidiary (Biomerica de Mexico). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Estimates that are made include the allowance for doubtful accounts, which is estimated based on current as well as historical past practices with a customer; stock option forfeiture rates, which are calculated based on historical data; inventory obsolescence, which is based on projected and historical usage of materials; and lease liability and right-of-use assets, which are calculated based on certain assumptions such as borrowing rate, the likelihood of lease extensions to occur, asset valuation, among other things; and other items that may be necessary to estimate using current, historical and judgment based information. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

MARKETS AND METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION

Due to the Coronavirus global pandemic, the Company’s operations have been negatively impacted. The Company has faced disruptions in certain of the following areas, and may face further challenges from supply chain disruptions, loss of contracts and/or customers, closure of the Company’s manufacturing or distribution facilities or of the facilities of the Company’s suppliers, partners and customers, travel, shipping and logistical disruptions, government responses of all types, international business risks in countries where the Company makes and/or sells its products, loss of human capital or personnel at the Company, its partners and its customers, interruptions of production, customer credit risk, and general economic calamities. These ongoing pandemic related disruptions have materially negatively impacted the Company’s operations and financial performance and may continue to have significant material negative impacts on the Company.

LIQUIDITY

The Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit of approximately $33.3 million as of February 28, 2022. Management expects to continue to incur significant costs as it advances its clinical trials and product development activities.

On January 22, 2021, the Company filed a prospectus supplement for purposes of raising up to $15,000,000 to the base prospectus filed with the SEC on July 21, 2020 and included in the registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-239980) that was declared effective by the SEC on September 30, 2020. The shares included in the prospectus supplement may be sold pursuant to the terms of an At-The- Market Issuance Sales Agreement between the Company and B. Riley Securities, Inc., as sales agent, the ATM Agreement.

The Company intends to use the net proceeds from such offering for general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, sales and marketing activities, clinical studies and product development, making acquisitions of assets, businesses, companies or securities, capital expenditures, and for working capital needs.

Under an ATM Agreement, sales of shares are deemed to be sold “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act. The sales agent under the ATM Agreement agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to sell on the Company’s behalf all of the shares requested to be sold from time to time by the Company, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between the sales agent and the Company. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares under the ATM Agreement, and may at any time suspend offers under, or terminate the ATM Agreement.

As a result of cash and cash equivalents on hand at February 28, 2022, and the ability to raise additional funds through the ATM Agreement noted above, management believes the Company has sufficient funds to operate through May 2023.

CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK

The Company maintains cash balances at certain financial institutions in excess of amounts insured by federal agencies. As of February 28, 2022, the Company had approximately $9,765,000 of uninsured cash. The Company does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risks.

For the nine months ended February 28, 2022 and 2021, the Company had three and two key customers who are located in foreign countries which accounted for 75% and 66% of net consolidated sales, respectively. At February 28, 2022 and May 31, 2021, the Company had one and two key customers who are located in foreign countries which accounted for a total of 67% and 73%, respectively, of gross accounts receivable.

For the nine months ended February 28, 2022 and 2021, the Company had one key vendor which accounted for 85% and 62% of the purchases of raw materials, respectively. As of February 28, 2022 and May 31, 2021, the Company had one key vendor which accounted for 80% and 17%, respectively, of accounts payable.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits and money market accounts with original maturities of less than three months.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

The Company extends unsecured credit to its customers on a regular basis. International accounts are usually required to prepay until they establish a history with the Company and at that time, they are extended credit at levels based on a number of criteria. Based on various criteria, initial credit levels for individual distributors are approved by designated officers and managers of the Company. All increases in credit limits are also approved by designated upper-level management. Management evaluates receivables on a quarterly basis and adjusts the allowance for doubtful accounts accordingly. Balances over ninety days old are usually reserved for unless collection is reasonably assured.  

Occasionally certain long-standing customers, who routinely place large orders, will have unusually large receivables balances relative to the total gross receivables. Management monitors the payments for these large balances closely and very often requires payment of existing invoices before shipping new sales orders.

The Company has established a reserve of approximately $20,000 for doubtful accounts as of February 28, 2022.

PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER

The Company occasionally prepays for items such as inventory, insurance and other items.  These items are reported as prepaid expenses and other, until either the inventory is physically received or the insurance and other items are expensed.

As of February 28, 2022 and May 31, 2021, the prepaid expenses and other were approximately $667,000 and $370,000, respectively. The prepaid expenses and other balance were composed of prepayments to raw materials suppliers, insurance and various other suppliers.   

INVENTORIES, NET

The Company values inventory at the lower of cost (determined using a combination of specific lot identification and the first-in, first-out methods) or net realizable value. Management periodically reviews inventory for excess quantities and obsolescence. Management evaluates quantities on hand, physical condition, and technical functionality as these characteristics may be impacted by anticipated customer demand for current products and new product introductions. The inventory reserve (as described below) is adjusted based on such evaluation, with a corresponding provision included in cost of sales. Abnormal amounts of idle facility expenses, freight, handling costs and wasted material are recognized as current period charges and the allocation of fixed production overhead is based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.

Net inventories are approximately the following:

	February 28, 2022		May 31, 2021
Raw materials	$	1,360,000	$	1,583,000
Work in progress		714,000		1,006,000
Finished products		1,157,000		617,000
Total	$	3,231,000	$	3,206,000

Reserves for inventory obsolescence are recorded as necessary to reduce obsolete inventory carrying value to estimated realizable value or to specifically reserve for obsolete inventory that the Company intends to dispose of. As of February 28, 2022 and May 31, 2021, inventory reserves were approximately $1,888,000 and $1,617,000, respectively. Of the inventory reserve as of February 28, 2022, approximately $1,686,000 was related to a market downturn in our COVID-19 antibody test and materials, as the market shifted to COVID-19 PCR viral tests and antigen tests.

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for additions and major improvements are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred. When property and equipment are sold, retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts, and gains or losses from sales, retirements and dispositions are credited or charged to income.

Depreciation and amortization are provided over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, ranging from 5 to 10 years, using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment were approximately $26,000 for the three months ended February 28, 2022 and 2021, and approximately $80,000 and $78,000 for the nine months ended February 28, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Intangible assets include trademarks, product rights, technology rights and patents, and are accounted for based on Accounting Standards Codification, ASC 350 Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. In that regard, intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are tested at least annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

Intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over the useful life, not to exceed 18 years for marketing and distribution rights, 10 years for purchased technology use rights, and 20 years for patents. Amortization was approximately $8,000 and $4,000 for the three months ended February 28, 2022 and 2021 and approximately $22,000 and $16,000 for the nine months ended February 28, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company assesses the recoverability of these intangible assets by determining whether the amortization of the asset’s balance over its remaining life can be recovered through projected undiscounted future cash flows. The Company uses a qualitative assessment to determine whether there was any impairment. No impairment adjustment was required as of February 28, 2022 or 2021.

INVESTMENTS

From time-to-time, the Company makes investments in privately-held companies.  The Company determines whether the fair values of any investments in privately-held entities have declined below their carrying value whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that recorded values may not be recoverable.  If the Company considers any such decline to be other than temporary (based on various factors, including historical financial results, and the overall health of the investee’s industry), a write-down to estimated fair value is recorded. Investments represent the Company’s equity investment in a Polish-based distribution company which is primarily engaged in distributing medical products and devices, including those manufactured by the Company, and in certain cases, manufacturing the products they sell.  The Company currently has not written down the investment and has no information that would indicate the carrying value is greater than the fair value.  The Company owns approximately 6% of the Polish distribution company, and accordingly, applies the cost method to account for the investment.  Under the cost method, investments are recorded at cost, with gains and losses recognized as of the sale date, and income recorded when received.

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company follows the guidance of the accounting provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 718, Share-based Compensation, which requires the use of the fair-value based method to determine compensation expense for all arrangements under which employees, directors and others are granted shares of the Company’s common stock or equity instruments (stock options). The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model that uses assumptions for expected volatility, expected dividends, expected forfeiture rate, expected term, and the risk-free interest rate. The Company has not paid dividends historically and does not expect to pay them in the future. Expected volatilities are based on weighted averages of the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock estimated over the expected term of the options. The expected forfeiture rate is based on historical forfeitures experienced. The expected term of options granted is derived using the “simplified method” which computes expected term as the average of the sum of the vesting term plus the contract term as historically the Company had limited activity surrounding its options. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the period of the expected term.

The following summary presents the options and warrants granted, exercised, expired, canceled and outstanding for the nine months ended February 28, 2022:

	Option Shares	Exercise Price Weighted Average
Outstanding May 31, 2021	2,081,366	$	3.59
Granted	307,000		4.44
Exercised	(23,500)		1.71
Cancelled or expired	(28,750)		3.49
Outstanding February 28, 2022	2,336,116	$	3.72

During the nine months ended February 28, 2022, options to purchase 23,500 shares of common stock were exercised at prices ranging from $1.20 to $3.62. Total net proceeds to the Company were $39,175.

During the nine months ended February 28, 2022, the Company granted 307,000 options to purchase common stock at an average purchase price of $4.44.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company has various contracts with customers.  All of the contracts specify that revenues from product sales are recognized at the time the product is shipped, customarily FOB shipping point, which is when the transfer of control of goods has occurred and at which point title passes.

The Company does not typically allow for returns from international customers except in the event of defective merchandise and therefore does not establish an allowance for returns. The Company does allow for a return merchandise allowance of approximately one percent of sales to certain domestic retailers. This allowance reduces revenue recognition by approximately one percent, and is included in sales discounts. In addition, the Company has contracts with customers wherein they receive purchase discounts for achieving specified sales volumes. The Company evaluated the status of these contracts as of February 28, 2022 and 2021, and does not believe that any additional discounts will be given through the end of the contract periods.

Services for contract works performed by the Company for others are invoiced and recognized as work that has been performed as the project progresses. The Company sells clinical lab products to domestic and international distributors, including hospitals and clinical laboratories, medical research institutions, medical schools and pharmaceutical companies. OTC products are sold directly to drug stores and e-commerce customers as well as to distributors.  Physicians’ office products are sold to physicians and distributors, all of whom are categorized below according to the type of products sold to them. We also manufacture certain components on a contract basis for domestic and international manufacturers.

During the quarter ended February 28, 2022, the Company had approximately $3,213,000 of advances from certain foreign customers. The majority of these advances are prepayments on orders that are expected to ship during our fourth quarter ended May 31, 2022.

Disaggregation of revenue:

The following is a breakdown of revenues according to markets to which the products are sold:

	Three Months Ended February 28,				Nine Months Ended February 28,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Physician's office	$	6,518,000	$	2,384,000	$	10,134,000	$	2,735,000
Clinical lab		731,000		967,000		2,259,000		2,441,000
Over-the-counter		244,000		148,000		857,000		605,000
Contract manufacturing		167,000		130,000		319,000		364,000
Total	$	7,660,000	$	3,629,000	$	13,569,000	$	6,145,000

See Note 4 for additional information regarding revenue concentrations.

SHIPPING AND HANDLING FEES

The Company includes shipping and handling fees billed to customers in net sales.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company expensed approximately $457,000 and $564,000 of research and development costs during the three months ended February 28, 2022 and 2021 and approximately $1,515,000 and $1,892,000 during the nine months ended February 28, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

INCOME TAXES

The Company has provided a valuation allowance on deferred income tax assets of approximately $6,479,000 and $5,904,000 as of February 28, 2022 and May 31, 2021, respectively.  

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

The subsidiary located in Mexico operates primarily using the Mexican peso. The subsidiary located in Germany operates primarily using the U.S. dollar, with an immaterial amount of transactions occurring using the Euro. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, and revenues and costs are translated using average exchange rates for the period. The resulting adjustments to assets and liabilities are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. There are no adjustments to foreign currency loss that are included in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2022 and 2021.

RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITY

The Company follows the guidance of ASC 842, Leases, which requires lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet with a corresponding right-of-use asset. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The Company leases office space and copy machines, all of which are operating leases. The Company has elected to exclude short-term leases. Most leases include the option to renew and the exercise of the renewal options is at the Company’s sole discretion. Options to extend or terminate a lease are considered in the lease term to the extent that the option is reasonably certain of exercise.  The leases do not include the options to purchase the leased property.  The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term.

NET LOSS PER SHARE

Basic loss per share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through stock options, warrants and other convertible securities using the treasury stock method. The total amount of anti-dilutive stock options not included in the loss per share calculation at February 28, 2022 and 2021 was 2,336,116 and 1,360,192, respectively.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent ASUs issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and guidance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) did not, or are not believed by management to, have a material effect on the Company’s present or future consolidated financial statements.