Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2015

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Biomerica, Inc. as well as the Company’s German subsidiary and Mexican subsidiary which have limited operations. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits and money market accounts with original maturities of less than three months.

Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Accounts Receivable

The Company extends unsecured credit to its customers on a regular basis.  International accounts are required to prepay until they establish a history with the Company and at that time, they are extended credit at levels based on a number of criteria.  Credit levels are approved by designated upper level management.  Domestic customers are extended initial credit limits until they establish a history with the Company or submit credit information.  All increases in credit limits are also approved by designated upper level management.  Management evaluates receivables on a quarterly basis and adjusts the reserve for bad debt accordingly.  Balances over ninety days old are reserved for unless collection is reasonably assured.  Any charge-offs are approved by upper level management prior to charging off.

Occasionally certain long-standing customers, who routinely place large orders, will have unusually large accounts receivables balances relative to the total gross accounts receivables.  At February 28, 2015, one customer accounted for 34.2% of the Company’s outstanding gross receivable balance and one foreign customer accounted for 8.2% and 21.9% of the Company’s net sales for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2015, respectively. Management monitors the payments for these large balances closely and very often requires payment of existing invoices before shipping new sales orders.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventories

The Company values inventory at the lower of cost (determined using a combination of specific lot identification and the first-in, first-out methods) or market. Management periodically reviews inventory for excess quantities and obsolescence. Management evaluates quantities on hand, physical condition, and technical functionality as these characteristics may be impacted by anticipated customer demand for current products and new product introductions. The reserve is adjusted based on such evaluation, with a corresponding provision included in cost of sales. Abnormal amounts of idle facility expenses, freight, handling costs and wasted material are recognized as current period charges and the allocation of fixed production overhead is based on the normal capacity of the Company’s production facilities.

The approximate balances of inventories are the following at:

		February 28,		May 31,
		2015		2014
Raw materials	$	1,009,000	$	899,000
Work in progress		898,000		635,000
Finished products		204,000		232,000
Total	$	2,111,000	$	1,766,000

Reserves for inventory obsolescence are reduced as necessary to reduce obsolete inventory to estimated realizable value or to specifically reserve for obsolete inventory that the Company intends to dispose of.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for additions and major improvements are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization is removed from the accounts, and gains or losses from retirements and dispositions are credited or charged to income.

Depreciation and amortization are provided over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, ranging from 5 to 10 years, using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment and leasehold improvements amounted to $46,819 and $45,283 for the three months ended February 28, 2015 and 2014, and $136,337 and $131,514 for the nine months ended February 28, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Intangible Assets, Finite-Lived, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets include trademarks, product rights, licenses, technology rights and patents, and are accounted for based on Accounting Standards Codification ASC 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other” (ASC 350). In that regard, intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are tested at least annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over the useful life; not to exceed 18 years for marketing and distribution rights, 10 years for purchased technology use rights, licenses, and 17 years for patents. Amortization amounted to $19,674 and $5,989 for the three months ended February 28, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $56,333 and $17,110 for the nine months ended February 28, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company follows the guidance of the accounting provisions of ASC 718 “Share-based Compensation” (ASC 718), which requires the use of the fair-value based method to determine compensation for all arrangements under which employees and others receive shares of stock or equity instruments (warrants and options). The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model that uses assumptions for expected volatility, expected dividends, expected forfeiture rate, expected term, and the risk-free interest rate.

Expected volatilities are based on weighted averages of the historical volatility of the Company’s stock and other factors estimated over the expected term of the options. The expected forfeiture rate is based on historical forfeitures experienced. The expected term of options granted is derived using the “simplified method” which computes expected term as the average of the sum of the vesting term plus the contract term as historically the Company had limited activity surrounding its options. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the period of the expected term.

The following summary presents the options and warrants granted, exercised, expired, cancelled and outstanding as of February 28, 2015:

			Exercise
			Price
	Option		Weighted
	Shares		Average
Outstanding May 31, 2014	860,500	$	0.51
Granted	356,000		0.82
Exercised	(11,000)		0.40
Cancelled or expired	(35,500)		0.73
Outstanding February 28, 2015	1,170,000	$	0.60

In September 2014 options to purchase 24,500 shares of the Company’s common stock were granted at the exercise price of $0.85.

In February 2015 options to purchase 331,500 shares of the Company’s common stock were granted at the exercise price of $0.82.

In the nine months ended February 28, 2015, options to acquire 11,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were exercised at exercise prices ranging from $0.38 to $0.43 per share.  Net proceeds to the Company were $4,355.

Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition

Revenues from product sales are recognized at the time the product is shipped, customarily FOB shipping point, at which point title passes. An allowance is established when necessary for estimated returns as revenue is recognized. In conjunction with sales to certain customers, the Company provides free products upon attaining certain levels of purchases by the customer. The Company accounts for these free products in accordance with ASC 605-50 “Revenue Recognition – Customer Payments and Incentives” and recognizes the cost of the product as part of cost of sales.

Investment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Investments

From time-to-time, the Company makes investments in privately-held companies.  The Company determines whether the fair values of any investments in privately-held entities have declined below their carrying value whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that recorded values may not be recoverable.  If the Company considers any such decline to be other than temporary (based on various factors, including historical financial results, and the overall health of the investee’s industry), a write-down to estimated fair value is recorded.  The Company currently has not written down the investment and no events have occurred which could indicate the carrying value to be less than the fair value. Investments represent the Company’s investment in a Polish distributor which is primarily engaged in distributing medical devices.  The Company owns approximately 6% of the investee, and accordingly, applies the cost method to account for the investment.  Under the cost method, investments are recorded at cost, with gains and losses recognized as of the sale date, and income recorded when received.

Shipping and Handling Cost, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs

Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are classified as net sales, and shipping and handling costs are classified as cost of sales. The Company included shipping and handling costs associated with inbound freight and unreimbursed shipping to customers in cost of sales.

Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

       The Company has provided a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets of approximately $236,000 as of February 28, 2015 and $0 as of May 31, 2014. The Company did not record any income tax benefit for the nine months ended February 28, 2015, however, the Company did record a tax refund receivable of $17,420 during the three and nine month period ended February 28, 2015.

Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]

Foreign Currency Translation

The subsidiary located in Germany is accounted for primarily using local functional currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of this subsidiary are translated using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, and revenues and costs are translated using average exchange rates for the period. The resulting adjustments are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Deferred Charges, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Deferred Rent

Incentive payments received from landlords are recorded as deferred lease incentives and are amortized over the underlying lease term on a straight-line basis as a reduction of rent expense. When the terms of an operating lease provide for periods of free rent, rent concessions, and/or rent escalations, the Company establishes a deferred rent liability for the difference between the scheduled rent payment and the straight-line rent expense recognized. This deferred rent liability is amortized over the underlying lease term on a straight-line basis as a reduction of rent expense.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share are computed as net income (loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through stock options, warrants and other convertible securities. The total amount of anti-dilutive warrants or options not included in the earnings per share calculation for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2015 was 364,319 and 403,524, respectively. The total amount of anti-dilutive warrants or options not included in the earnings per share calculation for the nine months ended February 28, 2014 was 359,013.

The following table illustrates the required disclosure of the reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations.

	Nine Months				Three Months
	Ended				Ended
	February 28,				February 28,
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Numerator:
(Loss)income from continuing operations	$	(574,483)	$	(384,532)	$	(117,193)	$	26,544
Denominator for basic net(loss) income Per common share		7,551,447		7,310,872		7,554,603		7,378,403
Effect of dilutive securities:
Options and warrants		--		--		--		352,849
Denominator for diluted net (loss)income per common share		7,551,447		7,310,872		7,554,603		7,731,252
Basic net (loss) income per common share	$	(0.08)	$	(0.05)	$	(0.02)	$	0.00
Diluted net (loss) income per common share	$	(0.08)	$	(0.05)	$	(0.02)	$	0.00

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

New Accounting Pronouncements

     In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASU 2014-09).  ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model requiring a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount reflecting the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.  In adopting, ASU 2014-09, companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach.  ASU 2014-09 is effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning December 15, 2016, and early adoption is not permitted.  Management is evaluating the provisions of this statement and has not determined what impact the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.   

     Other recent ASU’s issued by the FASB and guidance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission did not, or are not believed by management to have a material effect on the Company’s present or future consolidated financial statements.