SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2: SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Biomerica, Inc. as well as its German subsidiary (BioEurope GmbH) and Mexican subsidiary (Biomerica de Mexico). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Estimates that are made include the allowance for doubtful accounts, which is estimated based on current as well as historical practices with a customer; stock option forfeiture rates, which are calculated based on historical data; inventory obsolescence, which is based on projected and historical usage of materials; and lease liability and right-of-use assets, which are calculated based on certain assumptions such as borrowing rate, the likelihood of lease extensions to occur, asset valuation, among other things; and other items that may be necessary to estimate using current, historical and judgment based information. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

MARKETS AND METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION

The majority of the Company’s revenues come from the sale of products that the company manufactures in the U.S. and in Mexico. Some of the raw materials used in manufacturing come from Asia and other regions of the world. Finally, most of the Company’s revenues are generated from the international sales of its products. Due to global and economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing war in Ukraine and Israel, and tensions between the country of China and the United States, the Company’s operations have been negatively impacted. The Company has faced disruptions in the following areas, and may face further challenges from supply chain disruptions, cost inflation, loss of contracts and/or customers, travel, shipping and logistical disruptions, government responses of all types, international business risks in countries where the Company makes and/or sells its products, loss of human capital or personnel at the Company, its partners and its customers, interruptions of production, customer credit risk, and general economic calamities. The Company’s current sales and marketing focus is on the sale of the inFoods IBS product which is manufactured and sold within the U.S. and the launch of our new H. Pylori test that was recently cleared for sale in the US by the FDA, which is also manufactured and sold within the U.S.

LIQUIDITY

The Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit of approximately $44,856,000 million as of November 30, 2023. Management expects to continue to incur significant costs as it advances its clinical trials, product development, and commercial product launch activities. As of November 30, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $7,134,000 and working capital of approximately $8,443,000.

On July 20, 2020, the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) a Form S-3 shelf registration statement and base prospectus which was declared effective by the SEC on September 30, 2020. This shelf registration statement registered the sale of up to $90,000,000 of the Company’s equity securities during the three years ended September 30, 2023.

Under the Company’s outstanding Registration Statement, on March 7, 2023, the Company sold 3,333,333 shares of common stock in a firm commitment public offering at a gross sales price of $2.40 per share, with net total proceeds, after deducting issuance fees and expenses of $700,000, of approximately $7,300,000. Since the closing of the March 7, 2023 offering, a previously ATM facility has been withdrawn and is not active.

To replace the shelf registration statement that was set to expire on September 30, 2023, on September 27, 2023, the Company filed with the SEC a new Form S-3 shelf registration statement and base prospectus which was declared effective by the SEC on September 29, 2023. This new shelf registration statement registers the sale of up to $20,000,000 of the Company’s equity securities during the three years ending September 29, 2026.

The Company intends to use the net proceeds from past offerings and any future offerings for general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, sales and marketing activities, clinical studies, product development, making acquisitions of assets, businesses, companies or securities, capital expenditures, and for working capital needs.

Management has analyzed the cash requirements of the Company’s business through at least February 2025. As a result of cash and cash equivalents on hand on November 30, 2023, largely from the public offering, and the ability to raise additional funds if needed through the sale of shares of the Company’s common stock, management believes the Company has sufficient funds to operate through at least February 2025.

CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK

The Company maintains cash balances at certain financial institutions in excess of amounts insured by federal agencies. From time to time, the Company has uninsured balances. The Company does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risks.

Consolidated net sales were approximately $1,567,000 and $1,482,000 for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and approximately $3,281,000 and $3,119,000 for the six months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

For the three months ended November 30, 2023, the Company had two key customers who are located in foreign countries which accounted for 52% of net consolidated sales. For the three months ended November 30, 2022, the Company had two key customers, one located in Asia and one located in United States which accounted for 48% of net consolidated sales. For the six months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had one key customer who is located in Asia which accounted for 49% and 44% of net consolidated sales, respectively.

Total gross receivables on November 30, 2023 and May 31, 2023 were approximately $1,089,000 and $751,000, respectively. As of November 30, 2023, the Company had two key customers, who are located in foreign countries which accounted for a total of 64% of gross accounts receivable. As of May 31, 2023, the Company had one key customer, who is located in Asia which accounted for a total of 36% of gross accounts receivable.

For the three months ended November 30, 2023, the Company had five key vendors which accounted for 75% of the purchases of raw materials. For the three months ended November 30, 2022, the Company had one key vendor which accounted for 12% of the purchases of raw materials. For the six months ended November 30, 2023, the Company had five vendors which accounted for 76% of the purchases of raw materials. For the six months ended November 30, 2022, the Company had one key vendor which accounted for 8% of the purchases of raw materials.

As of November 30, 2023 and May 31, 2023, the Company had three and one key vendors which accounted for 55% and 23%, respectively, of accounts payable.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits and money market accounts with original maturities of less than three months.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

The Company extends unsecured credit to its customers on a regular basis. International accounts are usually required to prepay until they establish a history with the Company and at that time, they are extended credit at levels based on a number of criteria. Based on various criteria, initial credit levels for individual distributors are approved by designated officers and managers of the Company. All increases in credit limits are also approved by designated upper-level management.

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (codified as Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326) on June 1, 2023. ASC 326 adds to U.S. GAAP the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, a measurement model based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, the Company evaluated receivables on a quarterly basis and adjusted the allowance for doubtful accounts accordingly. Balances over ninety days old were usually reserved for unless collection was reasonably assured. Under the application of ASC 326, the Company’s historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, as well as current economic and business conditions, and anticipated future economic events that may impact collectability. In developing its expected credit loss estimate, the Company evaluated the appropriate grouping of financial assets based upon its evaluation of risk characteristics, including consideration of the types of products and services sold. Account balances are written off against the allowance for expected credit losses after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

Occasionally, certain long-standing customers who routinely place large orders will have unusually large receivable balances relative to the total gross receivables. Management monitors the payments for these large balances closely and very often requires payment of existing invoices before shipping new sales orders.

As of November 30, 2023 and May 31, 2023, the Company has established a reserve of approximately $22,000 and $29,000, respectively, for doubtful accounts.

PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER

The Company occasionally prepays for items such as inventory, insurance, and other items. These items are reported as prepaid expenses and other, until either the inventory is physically received, or the insurance and other items are expensed.

As of November 30, 2023 and May 31, 2023, the prepaids were approximately $223,000 and $300,000, respectively, composed of prepayments to insurance and various other suppliers.

INVENTORIES, NET

The Company values inventory at the lower of cost (determined using a combination of specific lot identification and the first-in, first-out methods) or net realizable value. Management periodically reviews inventory for excess quantities and obsolescence. Management evaluates quantities on hand, physical condition, and technical functionality as these characteristics may be impacted by anticipated customer demand for current products and new product introductions. The reserve is adjusted based on such evaluation, with a corresponding provision included in cost of sales. Abnormal amounts of idle facility expenses, freight, handling costs and wasted material are recognized as current period charges and the allocation of fixed production overhead is based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.

Net inventories are approximately the following:

	November 30, 2023			May 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	1,377,000		$	1,677,000
Work in progress		781,000			869,000
Finished products		181,000			182,000
Total gross inventory		2,339,000			2,728,000
Inventory reserves		(498,000	)		(672,000	)
Net inventory	$	1,841,000		$	2,056,000

Reserves for inventory obsolescence are recorded as necessary to reduce obsolete inventory to estimated net realizable value or to specifically reserve for obsolete inventory. As of November 30, 2023, and May 31, 2023, inventory reserves were approximately $498,000 and $672,000, respectively.

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for additions and major improvements are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred. When property and equipment are sold, retired, or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts, and gains or losses from sales, retirements and dispositions are credited or charged to income.

Depreciation and amortization are provided over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, ranging from 5 to 10 years, using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment were approximately $15,000 and $16,000 for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and approximately $30,000 and $36,000 for the six months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Intangible assets include trademarks, product rights, technology rights and patents, and are accounted for based on ASC, ASC 350 Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”). In that regard, intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are tested annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

Intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over the useful life, not to exceed 18 years for marketing and distribution rights, 10 years for purchased technology use rights, and patents are based on their individual useful lives which average around 15 years. Amortization expense was approximately $4,000 and $3,000 for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and approximately $9,000 and $12,000 for the six months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortizing intangible assets are tested for impairment if management determines that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

The Company assesses the recoverability of these intangible assets by determining whether the amortization of the asset’s balance over its remaining life can be recovered through projected undiscounted future cash flows. The Company uses a qualitative assessment to determine whether there was any impairment. During the six months ended November 30, 2023, there was no impairment. During the six months ended November 30, 2022, an impairment adjustment was made of $6,000.

INVESTMENTS

The Company has made investments in a privately held Polish distributor, which is primarily engaged in distributing medical products and devices, including the distribution of the products sold by the Company. The Company invested approximately $165,000 into the Polish distributor and owns approximately 6% of the investee.

Equity holdings in nonmarketable unconsolidated entities in which the Company is not able to exercise significant influence (“Cost Method Holdings”) are accounted for at the Company’s initial cost, minus any impairment (if any), plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar holding or security of the same issuer. Dividends received are recorded as other income.

The Company assesses its equity holdings for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an equity holding may not be recoverable. Management reviewed the underlying net assets of the Company’s equity method holding as of November 30, 2023 and determined that the Company’s proportionate economic interest in the entity indicates that the equity holding was not impaired. There were no observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or a similar holding or security of the Company’s Cost Method Holdings during the period ended November 30, 2023.

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company follows the guidance of ASC 718, Share-based Compensation (“ASC 718”), which requires the use of the fair-value based method to determine compensation for all arrangements under which employees and others receive shares of stock or equity instruments (options). The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses assumptions for expected volatility, expected dividends, expected forfeiture rate, expected term, and the risk-free interest rate. The Company has not paid dividends historically and does not expect to pay them in the foreseeable future. Expected volatilities are based on weighted averages of the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock estimated over the expected term of the options. The expected forfeiture rate is based on historical forfeitures experienced. The expected term of options granted is derived using the “simplified method” which computes expected term as the average of the sum of the vesting term plus the contract term as historically the Company had limited exercise activity surrounding its options. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the period of the expected term. The grant date fair value of the award is recognized under the straight-line attribution method.

The Company expensed approximately $292,000 and $622,000 of share-based compensation during the six months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following summary presents the options granted, exercised, expired, canceled and outstanding for the six months ended November 30, 2023:

	Option Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Options Outstanding at May 31, 2023		2,342,616		$	3.52
Granted		86,000			1.09
Exercised		-			-
Cancelled or expired		(148,500	)		4.90
Options Outstanding at November 30, 2023		2,280,116		$	3.33

REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company has various contracts with customers. All of the contracts specify that revenues from product sales are recognized at the time the product is shipped, customarily FOB shipping point, which is when the transfer of control of goods has occurred, and at which point title passes.

The Company does not typically allow for returns from customers except in the event of defective merchandise and therefore does not establish an allowance for returns. In addition, the Company has contracts with customers wherein customers receive purchase discounts for achieving specified sales volumes. The Company evaluated the status of these contracts during the six months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022 and does not believe that any additional discounts will be given through the end of the contract periods.

Services for contract work performed by the Company for others are invoiced and recognized as that work has been performed and as the project progresses. The Company sells clinical lab products to domestic and international distributors, including hospitals and clinical laboratories, medical research institutions, medical schools and pharmaceutical companies. OTC products are sold directly to drug stores and e-commerce customers as well as to distributors. Physician’s office products are sold to physicians and distributors, all of whom are categorized below according to the type of products sold to them. We also manufacture certain components on a contract basis for domestic and international manufacturers.

As of November 30, 2023, the Company had approximately $60,000 of advances from domestic customers, which are prepayments on orders for future shipments.

Disaggregation of revenue:

The following is a breakdown of revenues according to markets to which the products are sold:

	Three Months Ended November 30,				Six Months Ended November 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Clinical lab	$	992,000	$	902,000	$	2,283,000	$	2,048,000
Over-the-counter		443,000		466,000		745,000		679,000
Contract manufacturing		131,000		52,000		248,000		147,000
Physician’s office		1,000		62,000		5,000		245,000
Total	$	1,567,000	$	1,482,000	$	3,281,000	$	3,119,000

See Note 4 for additional information regarding geographic revenue concentrations.

SHIPPING AND HANDLING FEES

The Company includes shipping and handling fees billed to customers in net sales.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company expensed approximately $412,000 and $462,000 of research and development costs during the three months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and approximately $883,000 and $823,000 of research and development costs during the six months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

INCOME TAXES

For the three months ended November 30, 2023, the Company had an income tax expense of approximately $8,000. For the six months ended November 30, 2023, the Company had an income tax expense of approximately $31,000. These expenses consisted of state minimum taxes and miscellaneous foreign taxes. During the three and six months ended November 30, 2023, the Company had a net operating loss (“NOL”) that generated deferred tax assets for NOL carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between the financial statements and income tax carrying values using tax rates in effect for the years such differences are expected to reverse. Due to uncertainties surrounding our ability to generate future taxable income and consequently realize such deferred income tax assets, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the Company has established a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as of November 30, 2023.

The Company’s policy is to recognize any interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. For the three months ended November 30, 2023, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.

ADVERTISING COSTS

The Company reports the cost of advertising as expense in the period in which those costs are incurred. Advertising costs were approximately $26,000 and $18,000 for the three months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and approximately $56,000 and $36,000 during the six months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

The subsidiary located in Mexico operates primarily using the Mexican peso. The subsidiary located in Germany operates primarily using the U.S. dollar, with an immaterial amount of transactions occurring using the Euro. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, and revenues and costs are translated using average exchange rates for the period. The resulting translation adjustments to assets and liabilities are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. There are no foreign currency transactions that are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended November 30, 2023 and 2022.

RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITY

Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term. Leases are classified as financing or operating which will drive the expense recognition pattern. The Company has elected to exclude short-term leases. The Company leases office space and copy machines, all of which are operating leases. Most leases include the option to renew and the exercise of the renewal options is at the Company’s sole discretion. Options to extend or terminate a lease are considered in the lease term to the extent that the option is reasonably certain of exercise. The leases do not include the options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term.

NET LOSS PER SHARE

Basic loss per share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through stock options, warrants and other convertible securities using the treasury stock method. The total amount of anti-dilutive stock options not included in the loss per share calculation on November 30, 2023 and 2022 was 2,280,116 and 2,338,616, respectively.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent ASU’s issued by the FASB and guidance issued by the SEC did not, or are not believed by the management to, have a material effect on the Company’s present or future consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13. This ASU requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets, including trade receivables, held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The guidance was initially effective for the Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates,” which, among other things, defers the effective date of ASU 2016-13 for public filers that are considered smaller reporting companies as defined by the SEC to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-03 on June 1, 2023, and the adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.