BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2012

Basis Of Presentation And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (In Thousands)

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation - Trio-Tech International (“the Company” or “TTI” hereafter) was incorporated in fiscal 1958 under the laws of the State of California.  TTI provides third-party semiconductor testing and burn-in services primarily through its laboratories in Asia. In addition, TTI operates testing facilities in the United States. The Company also designs, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of equipment and systems used in the manufacturing and testing of semiconductor devices and electronic components. TTI conducts business in five business segments: Manufacturing, Distribution, Testing Services, Fabrication Services and Real Estate.  TTI has subsidiaries in the U.S., Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Indonesia as follows:

	Ownership			Location
Express Test Corporation (Dormant)		100	%	Van Nuys, California
Trio-Tech Reliability Services (Dormant)		100	%	Van Nuys, California
KTS Incorporated, dba Universal Systems (Dormant)		100	%	Van Nuys, California
European Electronic Test Centre (Operation ceased on November 1, 2005)		100	%	Dublin, Ireland
Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.		100	%	Singapore
Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd.  *		100	%	Singapore
Trio-Tech International (Thailand) Co. Ltd.*		100	%	Bangkok, Thailand
Trio-Tech (Bangkok) Co. Ltd. (49% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. and 51% owned by Trio-Tech International (Thailand) Co. Ltd.)		100	%	Bangkok, Thailand
Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (55% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.)		55	%	Penang and Selangor, Malaysia
Trio-Tech (Kuala Lumpur) Sdn. Bhd. (100% owned by Trio-Tech Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.)		55	%	Selangor, Malaysia
Prestal Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. (76% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.)		76	%	Selangor, Malaysia
Trio-Tech (Suzhou) Co. Ltd. *		100	%	Suzhou, China
Trio-Tech (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. * (Dormant) (Operation ceased on January 1, 2010)		100	%	Shanghai, China
Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co. Ltd. *		100	%	Chongqing, China
SHI International Pte. Ltd. (55% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.)		55	%	Singapore
PT SHI Indonesia (100% owned by SHI International Pte. Ltd)		55	%	Batam, Indonesia
Trio-Tech (Tianjin) Co. Ltd. *		100	%	Tianjin, China

* 100% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (‘‘U.S. GAAP’’). The basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries and equity investee companies, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in their respective countries of incorporation. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements have reflected all costs incurred by the Company and its subsidiaries in operating the business.

All dollar amounts in the financial statements and in the notes herein are the United States dollars (‘‘U.S. dollars’’) unless otherwise designated.

Liquidity – The Company incurred a net loss of $3,104 and $688 for fiscal years 2012 and 2011, respectively.

The Company’s core businesses, manufacturing and distribution and testing services, operate in a volatile industry, whereby its average selling prices and product costs are influenced by competitive factors. These factors create pressures on sales, costs, earnings and cash flows, which will impact liquidity.  

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions — The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the U.S. parent company. The Singapore dollar, the national currency of Singapore, is the primary currency of the economic environment in which the operations in Singapore are conducted.  The Company also operates in Malaysia, Thailand, China and Indonesia, of which the Malaysian ringgit, Thai baht, Chinese remimbi and Indonesian rupiah, respectively, are the national currencies.  The Company uses the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”) for financial reporting purposes.

The Company translates assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries outside the U.S. into U.S. dollars using the rate of exchange prevailing at the fiscal year end, and the statement of operations is translated at average rates during the reporting period.  Adjustments resulting from the translation of the subsidiaries’ financial statements from foreign currencies into U.S. dollars are recorded in shareholders' equity as part of accumulated comprehensive gain - translation adjustments.  Gains or losses resulting from transactions denominated in currencies other than functional currencies of the Company’s subsidiaries are reflected in income for the reporting period.

Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Among the more significant estimates included in these financial statements are the estimated allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, reserve for obsolete inventory, reserve for warranty, impairments and the deferred income tax asset allowance.  Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition — Revenue derived from testing services is recognized when testing services are rendered. Revenues generated from sales of products in the manufacturing and distribution segments are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of the products has occurred, customer acceptance has been obtained (which means the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the customer), the price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.  Certain products sold (in the manufacturing segment) require installation and training to be performed.

Revenue from product sales is also recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 605 (Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Statement 00-21) Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables and Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 104 Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, which generally require revenue earned on product sales involving multiple-elements to be allocated to each element based on the relative fair values of those elements.  Accordingly, the Company allocates revenue to each element in a multiple-element arrangement based on the element’s respective fair value, with the fair value determined by the price charged when that element is sold and specifically defined in a quotation or contract.  The Company allocates a portion of the invoice value to products sold and the remaining portion of invoice value to installation work in proportion to the fair value of products sold and installation work to be performed.  Training elements are valued based on hourly rates, which the Company charges for these services when sold apart from product sales.  The fair value determination of products sold and the installation and training work is also based on our specific historical experience of the relative fair values of the elements if there is no easily observable market price to be considered. In fiscal years 2012 and 2011, the installation revenues generated in connection with product sales were immaterial and were included in the product sales revenue line on the consolidated statements of operations.

In the fabrication services segment, which makes large and complex structures employed to process oil and gas and for temporary storage, revenue is recognized from long-term, fixed-price contracts using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting:  (1) Input measures - measured by multiplying the estimated total contract value by the ratio of actual contract costs incurred to date to the estimated total contract costs, and (2) Output measures – measured based completion of contract of milestones. The Company makes significant estimates involving its usage of percentage-of-completion accounting to recognize contract revenues. The Company periodically reviews contracts in process for estimates-to-completion, and revises estimated gross profit accordingly. While the Company believes its estimated gross profit on contracts in process is reasonable, unforeseen events and changes in circumstances can take place in a subsequent accounting period that may cause the Company to revise its estimated gross profit on one or more of its contracts in process. Accordingly, the ultimate gross profit realized upon completion of such contracts can vary significantly from estimated amounts between accounting periods.

In the real estate segment: (1) revenue from property development is earned and recognized on the earlier of the dates when the underlying property is sold or upon the maturity of the agreement. If this amount is uncollectible, the agreement empowers the repossession of the property, and (2) rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. This means that, with respect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenue recognized for the period. Straight-line rental revenue is commenced when the tenant assumes possession of the leased premises. Accrued straight-line rents receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements.

GST / Indirect Taxes — The Company’s policy is to present taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis. The Company records the amounts collected as a current liability and relieves such liability upon remittance to the taxing authority without impacting revenues or expenses.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — During the normal course of business, the Company extends unsecured credit to its customers in all segments.  Typically, credit terms require payment to be made between 30 to 90 days from the date of the sale.  The Company generally does not require collateral from our customers.

The Company’s management considers the following factors when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: customer credit-worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms. The Company includes any account balances that are determined to be uncollectible, along with a general reserve, in the overall allowance for doubtful accounts.  After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance.  Based on the information available to management, the Company believed that its allowance for doubtful accounts was adequate as of June 30, 2012 and 2011.

Warranty Costs — The Company provides for the estimated costs that may be incurred under its warranty program at the time the sale is recorded in its manufacturing segment.  The Company estimates warranty costs based on the historical rates of warranty returns.  The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liability and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

Cash and Cash Equivalents — The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Short Term Deposits — Term deposits consist of bank balances and interest bearing deposits having maturity of 1 to 12 months.  As of June 30, 2012, the Company held approximately $3,150 of restricted term deposits in the Company’s 100% owned Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., which were denominated in Singapore currency and $295 of restricted term deposits in the Company’s 55% owned Malaysian subsidiary, which were denominated in the currency of Malaysia. As of June 30, 2012, the Company held approximately $150 of unrestricted term deposits in the Company’s 100% owned Singapore subsidiary, which were denominated in the currency of Singapore dollars, and approximately $100 in the Company’s 100% owned Thailand subsidiary, which were denominated in the currency of Thai baht. As of June 30, 2011, the Company held approximately $3,259 of restricted term deposits in the Company’s 100% owned Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., which were denominated in Singapore currency and $303 of restricted term deposits in the Company’s 55% owned Malaysian subsidiary, which were denominated in the currency of Malaysia. As of June 30, 2011, the Company held approximately $199 of unrestricted term deposits in the Company’s 100% owned Thailand subsidiary, which were denominated in the currency of Thai baht.

Inventories — Inventories in the Company’s manufacturing and distribution segments consisting principally of raw materials, works in progress, and finished goods which are stated at the lower of cost, using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, or market value.  The semiconductor industry is characterized by rapid technological change, short-term customer commitments and rapid changes in demand.  Provisions for estimated excess and obsolete inventory are based on our regular reviews of inventory quantities on hand and the latest forecasts of product demand and production requirements from our customers.  Inventories are written down for not saleable, excess or obsolete raw materials, works-in-process and finished goods by charging such write-downs to cost of sales. In addition to write-downs based on newly introduced parts, statistics and judgments are used for assessing provisions of the remaining inventory based on salability and obsolescence.

Property, Plant and Equipment & Investment Property— Property, plant and equipment and investment property in China are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization.  Depreciation is provided for over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method. Amortization of leasehold improvements is provided for over the lease terms or the estimated useful lives of the assets, whichever is shorter, using the straight-line method.

Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged directly to expense as incurred.  Additions and improvements to property and equipment are capitalized.  When assets are disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation thereon are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the statement of operations.

Long-Lived Assets & Impairment –The Company’s business requires heavy investment in manufacturing facilities and equipment that are technologically advanced but can quickly become significantly under-utilized or rendered obsolete by rapid changes in demand. In addition, the Company recorded intangible assets with finite lives related to the acquisitions.

The Company evaluates the long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and purchased intangible assets with finite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Factors considered important that could result in an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of use of the assets or the strategy for our business, significant negative industry or economic trends, and a significant decline in the stick price for a sustained period of time. Impairment is recognized based on the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value, and fair value is generally measured based on discounted cash flow analysis, if there is significant adverse change.

The Company applies the provisions of ASC Topic 360, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets to property, plant and equipment, and other intangible assets such as customer relationships.  ASC Topic 360 requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets.  Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.

Leases — The Company leased certain property, plant and equipment in the ordinary course of business.  The leases had varying terms. Some may have included renewal and/or purchase options, escalation clauses, restrictions, penalties or other obligations that the Company considered in determining minimum lease payments.  The leases were classified as either capital leases or operating leases, in accordance with ASC Topic 840, Accounting for Leases. The Company records monthly rental expense equal to the total amount of the payments due in the reporting period over the lease term in accordance with accounting principles accepted by the United States of America.  The difference between rental expense recorded and the amount paid is credited or charged to deferred rent, which is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

The Company’s management expects that in the normal course of business, operating leases will be renewed or replaced by other leases.  The future minimum operating lease payments, for which the Company is contractually obligated as of June 30, 2012, are disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Assets under capital leases are capitalized using interest rates appropriate at the inception of each lease and are depreciated over either the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term on a straight-line basis.  The present value of the related lease payments is recorded as a contractual obligation.  The future minimum annual capital lease payments are included in the total future contractual obligations as disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Comprehensive Income (Loss) — ASC Topic 220, Reporting Comprehensive Income, establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive income (loss) and its components in a full set of general-purpose financial statements. The Company has chosen to report comprehensive income (loss) in the statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).  Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and all changes to shareholders’ equity except those due to investments by owners and distributions to owners.

Income Taxes — The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method in accordance with Statement of ASC Topic 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. ASC Topic 740 requires an entity to recognize deferred tax liabilities and assets.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequence attributable to the difference between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years.  Further, the effects of enacted tax laws or rate changes are included as part of deferred tax expenses or benefits in the period that covers the enactment date.

The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex global tax regulations. The Company recognizes potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the United States and other tax jurisdictions based on its estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when the Company determines the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result.

Retained Earnings — It is the intention of the Company to reinvest earnings of its foreign subsidiaries in the operations of those subsidiaries.  Accordingly, no provision has been made for U.S. income and foreign withholding taxes that would result if such earnings were repatriated.  These taxes are undeterminable at this time.  The amount of earnings retained in subsidiaries was $7,474 and $12,187 at June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Research and Development Costs — The Company incurred research and development costs of $295 and $250 in fiscal 2012 and in fiscal 2011, respectively, which were charged to operating expenses as incurred.

Stock Based Compensation — The Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions under ASC Topic 718 Share Based Payments, using the modified prospective application method. Under this transition method, compensation cost recognized during the twelve months ended June 30, 2012 included the applicable amounts of: (a) compensation cost of all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of July 1, 2005 (based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of ASC Topic 718) and (b) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted subsequent to June 30, 2005.

Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated FinancialStatements — The Company adopted ASC 810, Consolidation, regarding non-controlling interests issued by the FASB related to the accounting for non-controlling interests in consolidated financial statements. This guidance establishes accounting and reporting standards for the non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This guidance requires that non-controlling interests in subsidiaries be reported in the equity section of the controlling company’s balance sheet. It also changes the manner in which the net income of the subsidiary is reported and disclosed in the controlling company’s income statement. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements

Earnings per Share — Computation of basic earnings per share is conducted by dividing net income available to common shares (numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (denominator) during a reporting period.  Computation of diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during a reporting period.  In computing diluted earnings per share, the average market price of common shares for a reporting period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options. In fiscal years 2012 and 2011, all the outstanding options were excluded in the computation of diluted EPS because they were anti-dilutive.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments — Carrying value of trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and term deposits approximate their fair value due to their short-term maturities.  Carrying values of the Company’s lines of credit and long-term debt are considered to approximate their fair value because the interest rates associated with the lines of credit and long-term debt are adjustable in accordance with market situations when the Company borrows funds with similar terms and remaining maturities. See Note 25 for detailed discussion of the fair value measurement of financial instruments.

The Company adopted the provisions of ASC Topic 820 Fair Value Measurement, which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The financial assets and financial liabilities that require recognition under the guidance include available-for-sale investments, employee deferred compensation plan and foreign currency derivatives. The guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of us. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available under the circumstances. As such, fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measure. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

• Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment. Financial assets utilizing Level 1 inputs include U.S. treasuries, most money market funds, marketable equity securities and our employee deferred compensation plan;

• Level 2—Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, directly or indirectly. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include foreign currency forward exchange contracts, most commercial paper and corporate notes and bonds; and

• Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Financial assets utilizing Level 3 inputs primarily include auction rate securities. We use an income approach valuation model to estimate the exit price of the auction rate securities, which is derived as the weighted-average present value of expected cash flows over various periods of illiquidity, using a risk adjusted discount rate that is based on the credit risk and liquidity risk of the securities.

Availability of observable inputs can vary from instrument to instrument and to the extent that valuation is based on inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by our management in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Concentration of Credit Risk — Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk compose accounts receivable.  The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers for potential credit losses. The Company generally does not require collateral.  The Company believes that its credit policies do not result in significant adverse risk and historically it has not experienced significant credit related losses.

Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture - The Company analyzes its investments in joint ventures to determine if the joint venture is a variable interest entity (a “VIE”) and would require consolidation. The Company (a) evaluates the sufficiency of the total equity at risk, (b) reviews the voting rights and decision-making authority of the equity investment holders as a group, and whether there are any guaranteed returns, protection against losses, or capping of residual returns within the group and (c) establishes whether activities within the venture are on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights in making this VIE determination. The Company would consolidate a venture that is determined to be a VIE if it was the primary beneficiary.  The primary beneficiary of a VIE is determined by a primarily qualitative approach whereby the variable interest holder, if any, has the power to direct the VIE’s most significant activities and is the primary beneficiary. To the extent that the joint venture does not qualify as VIE, the Company further assesses the existence of a controlling financial interest under a voting interest model to determine whether the venture should be consolidated.

Equity Method - The Company analyzes its investments in joint ventures to determine if the joint venture should be accounted for using the equity method. Management evaluates both Common Stock and in-substance Common Stock whether they give the Company the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the joint venture even though the Company holds less than 50% of the Common Stock and in-substance Common Stock. The net income of the joint venture is reported as “Equity in (loss) or earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures, net of tax” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Cost Method - Investee companies not accounted for under the consolidation or the equity method of accounting are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. Under this method, the Company’s share of the earnings or losses of such Investee companies is not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Comprehensive income. However, impairment charges are recognized in the Comprehensive income. If circumstances suggest that the value of the Investee company has subsequently recovered, such recovery is not recorded.

Loan Receivables from Property Development Projects - The loan receivables from property development projects are classified as current assets carried at face value and are individually evaluated for impairment.  The allowance for loan losses reflects management’s best estimate of probable losses determined principally on the basis of historical experience and specific allowances for known loan accounts. All loans or portions thereof deemed to be uncollectible or to require an excessive collection cost are written off to the allowance for losses.

Interest income on the loan receivables from property development projects are recognized on an accrual basis. Discounts and premiums on loans are amortized to income using the interest method over the remaining period to contractual maturity. The amortization of discounts into income is discontinued on loans that are contractually 90 days past due or when collection of interest appears doubtful.