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Investments (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Short-Term and Long-Term Investments [Table Text Block]
A summary of short-term and long-term investments by major security type is as follows:
(in millions)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
$
2,673

 
$
1

 
$
(30
)
 
$
2,644

State and municipal obligations
 
7,596

 
99

 
(35
)
 
7,660

Corporate obligations
 
13,181

 
57

 
(44
)
 
13,194

U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
3,942

 
7

 
(38
)
 
3,911

Non-U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
1,018

 
3

 
(6
)
 
1,015

Total debt securities - available-for-sale
 
28,410

 
167

 
(153
)
 
28,424

Equity securities
 
2,026

 
7

 
(41
)
 
1,992

Debt securities - held-to-maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
254

 
1

 
(1
)
 
254

State and municipal obligations
 
2

 
—

 
—

 
2

Corporate obligations
 
280

 
—

 
—

 
280

Total debt securities - held-to-maturity
 
536

 
1

 
(1
)
 
536

Total investments
 
$
30,972

 
$
175

 
$
(195
)
 
$
30,952

December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
$
2,294

 
$
1

 
$
(31
)
 
$
2,264

State and municipal obligations
 
7,120

 
40

 
(101
)
 
7,059

Corporate obligations
 
10,944

 
41

 
(58
)
 
10,927

U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
2,963

 
7

 
(43
)
 
2,927

Non-U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
1,009

 
3

 
(10
)
 
1,002

Total debt securities - available-for-sale
 
24,330

 
92

 
(243
)
 
24,179

Equity securities
 
2,036

 
52

 
(47
)
 
2,041

Debt securities - held-to-maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
250

 
1

 
—

 
251

State and municipal obligations
 
5

 
—

 
—

 
5

Corporate obligations
 
238

 
—

 
—

 
238

Total debt securities - held-to-maturity
 
493

 
1

 
—

 
494

Total investments
 
$
26,859

 
$
145

 
$
(290
)
 
$
26,714
Investments by Contractual Maturity [Table Text Block]
The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities as of December 31, 2017, by contractual maturity, were as follows:
 
 
Available-for-Sale
 
Held-to-Maturity
(in millions)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Due in one year or less
 
$
3,630

 
$
3,628

 
$
155

 
$
155

Due after one year through five years
 
10,658

 
10,631

 
131

 
130

Due after five years through ten years
 
6,894

 
6,932

 
103

 
103

Due after ten years
 
2,268

 
2,307

 
147

 
148

U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
3,942

 
3,911

 
—

 
—

Non-U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
1,018

 
1,015

 
—

 
—

Total debt securities
 
$
28,410

 
$
28,424

 
$
536

 
$
536
Fair Value of Available-for-Sale Investments with Gross Unrealized Losses by Investment Type and Length of Time that Individual Securities have been in a Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Table Text Block]
The fair value of available-for-sale investments with gross unrealized losses by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position were as follows:
 
 
Less Than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Greater
 
 Total
(in millions)
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
$
1,249

 
$
(8
)
 
$
1,027

 
$
(22
)
 
$
2,276

 
$
(30
)
State and municipal obligations
 
2,599

 
(21
)
 
866

 
(14
)
 
3,465

 
(35
)
Corporate obligations
 
5,901

 
(23
)
 
1,242

 
(21
)
 
7,143

 
(44
)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
1,657

 
(12
)
 
1,162

 
(26
)
 
2,819

 
(38
)
Non-U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
411

 
(3
)
 
144

 
(3
)
 
555

 
(6
)
Total debt securities - available-for-sale
 
$
11,817

 
$
(67
)
 
$
4,441

 
$
(86
)
 
$
16,258

 
$
(153
)
Equity securities
 
$
97

 
$
(5
)
 
$
105

 
$
(36
)
 
$
202

 
$
(41
)
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
$
1,794

 
$
(31
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,794

 
$
(31
)
State and municipal obligations
 
4,376

 
(101
)
 
—

 
—

 
4,376

 
(101
)
Corporate obligations
 
5,128

 
(56
)
 
137

 
(2
)
 
5,265

 
(58
)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
2,247

 
(40
)
 
79

 
(3
)
 
2,326

 
(43
)
Non-U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
544

 
(7
)
 
97

 
(3
)
 
641

 
(10
)
Total debt securities - available-for-sale
 
$
14,089

 
$
(235
)
 
$
313

 
$
(8
)
 
$
14,402

 
$
(243
)
Equity securities
 
$
93

 
$
(5
)
 
$
91

 
$
(42
)
 
$
184

 
$
(47
)
Net Realized Gains, Included in Investment and Other Income [Table Text Block]
Net realized gains reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income were from the following sources:
 
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Total other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings
 
$
(9
)
 
$
(45
)
 
$
(22
)
Gross realized losses from sales
 
(33
)
 
(44
)
 
(28
)
Gross realized gains from sales
 
125

 
255

 
191

Net realized gains (included in investment and other income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations)
 
83

 
166

 
141

Income tax effect (included in provision for income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Operations)
 
(30
)
 
(60
)
 
(53
)
Realized gains, net of taxes
 
$
53

 
$
106

 
$
88