Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Notes)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segment, were as follows:



(in millions)	UnitedHealthcare			OptumHealth			OptumInsight			OptumRx		Consolidated
Balance at January 1, 2014	$	24,251		$	2,860		$	3,653		$	840	$	31,604
Acquisitions	266			978			591			—		1,835
Foreign currency effects and adjustments, net	(487		)	(4		)	(8		)	—		(499		)
Balance at December 31, 2014	24,030			3,834			4,236			840		32,940
Acquisitions	128			1,817			89			10,732		12,766
Foreign currency effects and adjustments, net	(1,233		)	9			(29		)	—		(1,253		)
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	22,925		$	5,660		$	4,296		$	11,572	$	44,453

The increase in the Company’s goodwill is primarily due to the acquisition of Catamaran. For more detail on the Catamaran acquisition, see Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The gross carrying value, accumulated amortization and net carrying value of other intangible assets were as follows:



	December 31, 2015							December 31, 2014
(in millions)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Customer-related	$	10,270	$	(2,796	)	$	7,474	$	5,021	$	(2,399	)	$	2,622
Trademarks and technology	682		(249		)	433		527		(202		)	325
Trademarks - indefinite-lived	358		—			358		539		—			539
Other	209		(83		)	126		267		(84		)	183
Total	$	11,519	$	(3,128	)	$	8,391	$	6,354	$	(2,685	)	$	3,669

The acquisition date fair values and weighted-average useful lives assigned to finite-lived intangible assets acquired in business combinations consisted of the following by year of acquisition:



	2015			2014
(in millions, except years)	Fair Value		Weighted-Average Useful Life	Fair Value		Weighted-Average Useful Life
Customer-related	$	5,518	19 years	$	314	14 years
Trademarks and technology	194		4 years	148		6 years
Other	—			2		14 years
Total acquired finite-lived intangible assets	$	5,712	19 years	$	464	11 years

Estimated full year amortization expense relating to intangible assets for each of the next five years ending December 31 is as follows:



(in millions)
2016	$	808
2017	772
2018	668
2019	612
2020	543

Amortization expense relating to intangible assets for December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $650 million, $524 million and $519 million, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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