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Fair Value Measurements
9 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements

18. Fair Value Measurements

Adtalem has elected not to measure any assets or liabilities at fair value other than those required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include goodwill, intangible assets, and assets of businesses where the long-term value of the operations have been impaired.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The guidance specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques. Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions. The guidance establishes fair value measurement classifications under the following hierarchy:

Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs or significant value-drivers are observable in active markets.

Level 3 –Model-derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value-drivers are unobservable.

When available, Adtalem uses quoted market prices to determine fair value, and such measurements are classified within Level 1. In cases where market prices are not available, Adtalem makes use of observable market-based inputs to calculate fair value, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2. If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that use, where possible, current market-based parameters such as interest rates and yield curves. These measurements are classified within Level 3.

Fair value measurements are classified according to the lowest level input or value-driver that is significant to the valuation. A measurement may therefore be classified within Level 3 even though there may be significant inputs that are readily observable.

The carrying value of our cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value because of their short-term nature.

Adtalem maintains a rabbi trust to fund obligations under a non-qualified deferred compensation plan. Amounts in the rabbi trust are invested in stock and bond mutual funds, which are designated as available-for-sale securities carried at fair value, and are included in investments in marketable securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. All investments in marketable securities are recorded at fair value based upon quoted market prices using Level 1 inputs.

In connection with the sale of Adtalem Brazil completed on April 24, 2020, Adtalem entered into a deal-contingent foreign currency hedge arrangement to economically hedge the Brazilian Real denominated sales price through mitigation of the currency exchange rate risk. The hedge agreement has a total notional amount of R$2,154 million (approximately $415 million as of March 31, 2020). Adtalem recorded a pre-tax unrealized gain on the hedge agreement derivative based on the foreign exchange forward spot rate as of March 31, 2020 of $111.8 million and $83.8 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, with a $83.8 million asset included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the March 31, 2020 Consolidated Balance Sheet. The fair value of this derivative was calculated using observable market-based inputs to a model to calculate fair value, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2. These model inputs include foreign exchange forward contract spot rates and contract defined point adjustments and settlement prices.

On March 24, 2020, we executed a pay-fixed, receive-variable interest rate swap agreement with a multinational financial institution to fully mitigate risks associated with the variable interest rate on our Term B Loan debt with an effective date of March 31, 2020. The fair value of our Swap is based in part on data received from the counterparty, and represents the estimated amount we would receive or pay to settle the Swap, taking into consideration current and projected future interest rates as well as the creditworthiness of the counterparty, all of which can be validated through readily observable data from external sources, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2. The fair value of the Swap is represented within other assets, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet with a balance of $0.6 million as of March 31, 2020. See Note 13 “Debt” for additional information on the Swap.

As of March 31, 2020, June 30, 2019, and March 31, 2019, there were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles arising from a business combination. These assets are not amortized and charged to expense over time. Instead, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles must be reviewed annually for impairment or more frequently if circumstances arise indicating potential impairment. This impairment review was most recently completed as of May 31, 2019. See Note 12 “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for additional information on the impairment review, including valuation techniques and assumptions.