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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
3 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
NOTE 2:  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of DeVry Group and its wholly-owned and majority-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Where our ownership interest is less than 100 percent, the noncontrolling ownership interests are reported on our consolidated balance sheet. The noncontrolling ownership interest in our earnings is classified as “Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest” in our Consolidated Statements of Income(Loss). Unless indicated, or the context requires otherwise, references to years refer to DeVry Group’s fiscal years.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
Cash and cash equivalents can include time deposits, high-grade commercial paper, money market funds and bankers acceptances with original maturities of three months or less. Short-term investment objectives are to minimize risk and maintain liquidity. These investments are stated at cost (which approximates fair value) because of their short duration or liquid nature. DeVry Group places its cash and temporary cash investments with high credit quality institutions. Cash and cash equivalent balances in U.S. bank accounts are generally in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limit. Cash and cash equivalent balances at DeVry Brasil are generally in excess of the deposit insurance limits for Brazilian banks. DeVry Group has not experienced any losses on its cash and cash equivalents.
 
Management periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of the security issuers and financial institutions with which it invests and maintains deposit accounts.
 
Financial Aid and Restricted Cash
 
Financial aid and assistance programs, in which most American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine (“AUC”), Ross University School of Medicine (“RUSM”), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (“RUSVM”), Chamberlain College of Nursing (“Chamberlain”), Carrington College (“Carrington”), DeVry Brasil and DeVry University students participate are subject to political and governmental budgetary considerations. There is no assurance that such funding will be maintained at current levels. Extensive and complex regulations in the United States, Canada and Brazil govern all of the government financial assistance programs in which students participate. Administration of these programs is periodically reviewed by various regulatory agencies. Any regulatory violation could be the basis for disciplinary action, including the initiation of a suspension, limitation or termination proceeding.
 
A significant portion of revenue is received from students who participate in government financial aid and assistance programs. Restricted cash represents amounts received from the federal and state governments under various student aid grant and loan programs and, such restricted funds are held in separate bank accounts. Once the financial aid authorization and disbursement process for the student has been completed, the funds are transferred to unrestricted accounts, and these funds then become available for use in DeVry Group’s operations. This authorization and disbursement process that precedes the transfer of funds generally occurs within the period of the academic term for which such funds were authorized.
 
As a requirement of continuing operations in Pennsylvania, DeVry Group is required to maintain a “minimum protective endowment” of at least $500,000.  These funds are required as long as DeVry Group operates campuses in the state.  DeVry Group accounts for these funds as restricted cash.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
DeVry University, Carrington, Chamberlain and DeVry Brasil tuition revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over their respective applicable academic terms. In addition, AUC, RUSM and RUSVM basic science curriculum revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the academic term. The clinical portion of the AUC, RUSM and RUSVM education programs are conducted under the supervision of U.S. teaching hospitals and veterinary schools. AUC, RUSM and RUSVM are responsible for the billing and collection of tuition from their students during the period of clinical education. Revenue is recognized on a weekly basis based on actual program attendance during the period of the clinical program. Fees paid to the hospitals and veterinary schools for supervision of AUC, RUSM and RUSVM students are charged to expense on the same basis. Becker Professional Education (“Becker”) live classroom and online tuition revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable delivery period. The provision for refunds, which is reported as a reduction to Tuition Revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income, is recognized in the same ratable fashion as revenue to most appropriately match these costs with the tuition revenue in that term.
 
Estimates of DeVry Group’s expected refunds are determined at the outset of each academic term, based upon actual experience in previous terms, and monitored and adjusted as necessary within the term. If a student leaves school prior to completing a term, federal, state and/or Canadian provincial regulations and accreditation criteria permit DeVry Group to retain only a set percentage of the total tuition received from such student, which varies with, but generally equals or exceeds, the percentage of the term completed by such student. Payment amounts received by DeVry Group in excess of such set percentages of tuition are refunded to the student or the appropriate funding source. All refunds are netted against revenue during the applicable academic term. Provisions for refunds were $8.5 million and $8.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 
 
The allowance for uncollectible accounts is determined by analyzing the current aging of accounts receivable and historical loss rates on collections of accounts receivable. In addition, management considers projections of future receivable levels and collection loss rates. We monitor the inputs to this analysis periodically throughout the year. Provisions required to maintain the allowance at appropriate levels are charged to expense in each period as required. Provisions for uncollectible accounts, which are included in the Cost of Educational Services in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 were $12.0 million and $9.5 million, respectively. The increase in the provision was the result of a larger number of DeVry University undergraduate student accounts moving into inactive status compared to the prior year. These accounts are reserved at a higher rate than active student accounts.
 
Reserves related to refunds and uncollectible accounts totaled $64.2 million and $50.4 million at September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
 
Sales of textbooks, electronic course materials, and other educational products, including training services and the Becker self-study products, are included in Other Educational Revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Textbook, electronic course materials and other educational product revenue are recognized when the sale occurs. Revenue from training services, which are generally short-term in duration, is recognized when the training service is provided. In addition, fees from international licensees of the Becker programs are included in Other Educational Revenue and recognized when confirmation of course delivery is received.
 
Internal-Use Software Development Costs
 
DeVry Group capitalizes certain internal-use software development costs that are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated lives of the software, not to exceed seven years. Capitalized costs include external direct costs of equipment, materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use software and payroll-related costs for employees directly associated with the internal-use software development project. Capitalization of such costs ceases at the point at which the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. Capitalized internal-use software development costs for projects not yet complete are included as Construction in Progress in the Land, Building and Equipment section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Costs capitalized during the three months ended September 30, 2014 were approximately $0.3 million. There were no costs capitalized during the three months ended September 30, 2013.  As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the net balance of capitalized software development costs was $41.8 million and $57.5 million, respectively.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
DeVry Group evaluates the carrying amount of its significant long-lived assets whenever changes in circumstances or events indicate that the value of such assets may not be fully recoverable. Events that may trigger an impairment analysis could include a decision by management to exit a market or a line of business or to consolidate operating locations. In fiscal years 2015 and 2014, management consolidated operations at several DeVry University and Carrington College locations. These decisions resulted in the write-off of approximately $0.2 million and $0.7 million of leasehold improvements and equipment during the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. These write-offs are included in Restructuring Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) (see “Note 10-Restructuring Charges”). For a discussion of the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets see “Note 9-Intangible Assets”.
 
Perkins Program Fund
 
DeVry University is required under U.S. federal aid program regulations to make contributions to the Perkins Student Loan Fund, most recently at a rate equal to 33% of new contributions by the U.S. federal government. No new U.S. federal contributions were received in fiscal years 2014 and 2013. DeVry Group carries its investment in such contributions at original value, net of allowances for expected losses on loan collections, of $2.6 million at September 30, 2014 and 2013. The allowance for future loan losses is based upon an analysis of actual loan losses experienced since the inception of the program. As previous borrowers repay their Perkins loans, their payments are used to fund new loans, thus creating a revolving loan fund. The U.S. federal contributions to this revolving loan program do not belong to DeVry Group and are not recorded in its financial statements. Under current law, upon termination of the program by the U.S. federal government or withdrawal from future program participation by DeVry University, subsequent student loan repayments would be divided between the U.S. federal government and DeVry University to satisfy their respective cumulative contributions to the fund.
 
Foreign Currency Translation
 
The financial position and results of operations of the RUSM and RUSVM and the AUC Caribbean operations are measured using the U.S. dollar as the functional currency. As such, there is no translation gain or loss associated with these operations. DeVry Brasil’s operations, DeVry Group’s Canadian operations and Becker’s international operations are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these entities are translated to U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates. Income and expense items are translated at monthly average rates of exchange. The resultant translation adjustments are included in the component of Shareholders’ Equity designated as Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. Transaction gains or losses during the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 were not material.
   
Noncontrolling Interest
 
DeVry Group maintains a 96.3% ownership interest in DeVry Brasil with the remaining 3.7% owned by a member of the current DeVry Brasil senior management group. Prior to the June 2013 purchase of additional DeVry Brasil stock, DeVry Group’s ownership percentage was 83.5%. Beginning July 1, 2015, DeVry Group has the right to exercise a call option and purchase any remaining DeVry Brasil stock from DeVry Brasil management. Likewise, DeVry Brasil management has the right to exercise a put option and sell its remaining ownership interest in DeVry Brasil to DeVry Group. Since the put option is out of the control of DeVry Group, authoritative guidance requires the noncontrolling interest, which includes the value of the put option, to be displayed outside of the equity section of the consolidated balance sheet.
 
The DeVry Brasil management put option is being accreted to its redemption value in accordance with the stock purchase agreement. The adjustment to increase or decrease the put option to its expected redemption value each reporting period is recorded to retained earnings in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The adjustment to increase or decrease the DeVry Brasil noncontrolling interest each reporting period for its proportionate share of DeVry Brasil’s profit/loss will continue to flow through the consolidated statements of income based on DeVry Group's noncontrolling interest accounting policy.
 
The following is a reconciliation of the noncontrolling interest balance (in thousands):
 
 
 
Three Months Ended 
September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
Balance at Beginning of period
 
$
6,393
 
$
854
 
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
(3)
 
 
(45)
 
Payment for Purchase of Noncontrolling Interest
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
Accretion of Noncontrolling Interest Put Option
 
 
227
 
 
5,081
 
Balance at End of period
 
$
6,617
 
$
5,890
 
 
Earnings per Common Share
 
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to DeVry Group by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus unvested participating restricted share units. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to DeVry Group by the weighted average number of shares assuming dilution. Dilutive shares are computed using the Treasury Stock Method and reflect the additional shares that would be outstanding if dilutive stock options were exercised during the period. Excluded from the September 30, 2014 and 2013 computations of diluted earnings per share were options to purchase 901,000 and 2,169,000 shares of common stock, respectively. These outstanding options were excluded because the option exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares or the assumed proceeds upon exercise under the Treasury Stock Method resulted in the repurchase of more shares than would be issued; thus, their effect would be anti-dilutive.
 
The following is a reconciliation of basic shares to diluted shares (amounts in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2014
2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
 
 
63,750
 
 
63,061
 
Unvested Participating Restricted Shares
 
 
851
 
 
922
 
Basic Shares
 
 
64,601
 
 
63,983
 
Effect of Dilutive Stock Options
 
 
828
 
 
527
 
Diluted Shares
 
 
65,429
 
 
64,510
 
 
Treasury Stock
 
DeVry Group’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) has authorized stock repurchase programs on eight occasions (see “Note 7- Share Repurchase Programs”). The eighth repurchase program was approved on August 29, 2012 and commenced in November 2012. Share repurchases under this plan were suspended as of May 2013. In August 2014, the Board approved the extension of the eighth share repurchase program through December 31, 2015, and authorized the recommencement of repurchases under the program which began in September 2014. Shares that are repurchased by DeVry Group are recorded as Treasury Stock at cost and result in a reduction of Shareholders’ Equity.
 
From time to time, shares of its common stock are delivered back to DeVry Group under a swap arrangement resulting from employees’ exercise of incentive stock options pursuant to the terms of the DeVry Group Stock Incentive Plans (see “Note 4 – Stock-Based Compensation”). These shares are recorded as Treasury Stock at cost and result in a reduction of Shareholders’ Equity.
 
Treasury shares are reissued on a monthly basis, at market value, to the DeVry Group Employee Stock Purchase Plan in exchange for employee payroll deductions. When treasury shares are reissued, DeVry Group uses an average cost method to reduce the Treasury Stock balance. Gains on the difference between the average cost and the reissuance price are credited to Additional Paid-in Capital. Losses on the difference are charged to Additional Paid-in Capital to the extent that previous net gains from reissuance are included therein, otherwise such losses are charged to Retained Earnings.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the amounts of revenue and expense reported during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss is composed of the change in cumulative translation adjustment, primarily at DeVry Brasil, and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of the effects of income taxes.
 
The Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss balance at September 30, 2014, consists of $32.3 million of cumulative translation losses ($31.1 million attributable to DeVry Group and $1.2 million attributable to non-controlling interests) and $0.3 million of unrealized gains on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax of $0.1 million and all attributable to DeVry Group. At September 30, 2013, this balance consisted of $17.7 million of cumulative translation losses ($17.2 million attributable to DeVry Group and $0.5 million attributable to non-controlling interests) and $0.1 million of unrealized losses on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax of $0.1 million and all attributable to DeVry Group.
 
Advertising Expense
 
Advertising costs are recognized as expense in the period in which materials are purchased or services are performed. Advertising expense, which is included in Student Services and Administrative Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income, was $66.2 million and $73.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
 
Restructuring and Other Charges
 
DeVry Group financial statements include charges related to reduced enrollment at some of its institutions. Management is reducing DeVry Group’s cost structure to align with this reduced enrollment. Such charges include severance and related benefits for reductions in staff and voluntary separation plans and real estate consolidation charges. These charges include early lease termination or cease-of-use costs and losses on disposals of property and equipment (see “Note 10-Restructuring Charges”).
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09: “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. This guidance was issued to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and develop a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). The guidance is effective for the fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2016. Management is evaluating the impact the guidance will have on DeVry Group’s consolidated financial statements.
 
In April 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-08: “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity”. This guidance requires that only disposals representing a strategic shift in operations be presented as discontinued operations. Those strategic shifts should have a major effect on the organization’s operations and financial results. The new standard is effective for the fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2014 with early adoption permitted. Management does not believe this guidance will have a significant impact on DeVry Group’s consolidated financial statements.
 
In July 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-11: “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists”. This guidance requires an unrecognized tax benefit related to a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss or a tax credit carryforward to be presented as a reduction to a deferred tax asset, unless the tax benefit is not available at the reporting date to settle any additional income taxes under the tax law of the applicable tax jurisdiction. The guidance was effective for the first quarter of fiscal year 2015 and its adoption did not have a significant impact on DeVry Group’s consolidated financial statements.
 
Reclassifications
 
The previously reported amounts in the September 30, 2013 Consolidated Balance Sheet for Prepaid Expenses and Other of $51.1 million and Refundable Income Taxes of $0.6 million have been combined as Prepaid Expenses and Other to conform to the current presentation format. These classifications had no effect on reported net income.