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Commitments and Contingencies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies
10.
Commitments and Contingencies
Licensing and Research Agreements
The Company licenses certain technologies that are, or may be, incorporated into its technology under several agreements and also has entered into several clinical research agreements which require the Company to fund certain research projects. Generally, the license agreements require the Company to pay annual maintenance fees and royalties on product sales once a product has been established using the technologies. Research and development expenses associated with license agreements were immaterial amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
In June 2018, the Company secured an agreement with Navigo
 Proteins
 for the exclusive
co-development
of multiple affinity ligands for which Repligen holds commercialization rights. The Company is manufacturing and has agreed to supply the first of these ligands,
NGL-Impact
®
, exclusively to Purolite Life Sciences (“Purolite”), who will pair the Company’s high-performance ligand with Purolite’s agarose jetting base bead technology used in their Jetted A50 Protein A resin product. The Company also signed a long-term supply agreement with Purolite for
NGL-Impact
and other potential additional affinity ligands that may advance from the Company’s Navigo collaboration.
 
In September 2020, Repligen and Navigo Proteins successfully completed co-development of an affinity ligand targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, to be utilized in the purification of COVID-19 vaccines. The Company has proceeded with scaling up and manufacturing this ligand and the development and validation of the related affinity chromatography resin, which will be marketed by Repligen.
 
The Navigo and Purolite agreements are supportive of the Company’s strategy to secure and reinforce the Company’s proteins business. The Company made royalty payments to Navigo of $0.2 million and $0.4 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020
, respectively
.