6.	Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

In 2001, the Company entered into a ten-year lease agreement for approximately 25,000 square feet of space located in Waltham, Massachusetts to be used for its corporate headquarters, manufacturing, research and development, and marketing and administrative operations. In July 2011, the Company amended this agreement to expand the lease to cover approximately 55,694 square feet and to extend the term of the lease by eleven years, which expires on May 31, 2023. In connection with this lease agreement, the Company issued a letter of credit in the amount of $200,000 to the lessor. The letter of credit is collateralized by a certificate of deposit held by the bank that issued the letter of credit. The certificate of deposit is classified as restricted cash in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

In March 2014, the Company entered into an amendment of its existing lease to expand the rented space from 55,694 to 75,594 square feet at 41 Seyon Street, Waltham, Massachusetts. Pursuant to the terms of the amended lease, Repligen leased an additional 19,900 square feet (the “Expansion Space”) for a period of eight years and one month, commencing on August 1, 2014.

The amended lease provides for additional rent expense of approximately $361,000 on an annualized basis. The amended lease also requires an increased security deposit from $200,000 to $450,000 and continues to require the Company to pay a proportionate share of certain of the landlord’s annual operating costs and real estate taxes. Future minimum rental commitments under the amended lease as of December 31, 2016 are $1,371,000 for the years ending December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

In 2007, the Company entered into a five-year lease agreement for approximately 2,500 square feet of space in Waltham, Massachusetts to provide for expanded manufacturing operations. Adjacent to this space, the Company entered into a two-year lease in 2008 for approximately 7,350 square feet of additional space to be used for expanded manufacturing and administrative operations. Both of these leases expired on December 31, 2012. The Company converted to a month-to-month basis for both sites. The Company terminated the lease on the 7,350 square feet of space in the first quarter of 2015.

The Company leases four adjacent buildings in Lund, Sweden totaling approximately 45,000 square feet of space used primarily for biologics manufacturing and administrative operations. The lease was renewed during 2016 and expires on December 31, 2021. Future minimum rental commitments under the amended lease as of December 31, 2016 are $984,000 for the years ending December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

Obligations under non-cancelable operating leases, including the facility leases discussed above, as of December 31, 2016 are approximately as follows (in thousands):


Years Ending	Operating Leases
December 31, 2017	$	2,523
December 31, 2018		2,584
December 31, 2019		2,491
December 31, 2020		2,485
December 31, 2021		2,485
Thereafter		1,736

Minimum lease payments	$	14,304

Rent expense charged to operations under operating leases was approximately $2,664,000, $2,619,000 and $2,735,000 for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company had deferred rent liabilities of $1,792,000, $1,899,000 and $1,956,000, respectively, related to the escalating rent provisions for the Waltham headquarters.

Licensing and Research Agreements

The Company licenses certain technologies that are, or may be, incorporated into its technology under several agreements and also has entered into several clinical research agreements which require the Company to fund certain research projects. Generally, the license agreements require the Company to pay annual maintenance fees and royalties on product sales once a product has been established using the technologies. The Company recorded research and development expenses associated with license agreements of approximately $5,000, $7,000 and $7,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

In October 2009, the Company entered into an exclusive worldwide commercial license agreement with Families of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (see Note 2). Pursuant to the License Agreement dated December 28, 2012, the Company transferred all rights and obligations related to the FSMA License Agreement to Pfizer. On January 26, 2015 Pfizer notified us that they were terminating the License Agreement, effective as of April 26, 2015.

Purchase Orders, Supply Agreements and Other Contractual Obligations

In the normal course of business, the Company has entered into purchase orders and other agreement with manufacturers, distributors and others. Outstanding obligations at December 31, 2016 of approximately $10,008,000 are expected to be completed within one year.