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DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2021

CalAmp Corp. (referred to herein as “CalAmp”, “the Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) is a connected intelligence company that helps people and businesses work smarter. We partner with transportation and logistics, industrial equipment, government and automotive industries to deliver insights that enable businesses to make the right decisions. Our applications, platform and smart devices allow them to track, monitor and recover their vital assets with real-time visibility that reduces costs, maximizes productivity and improves safety. We are a global organization that is headquartered in Irvine, California.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 (“COVID-19” or the “pandemic”) to be a public health pandemic of international concern, which has resulted in travel restrictions and in some cases, prohibitions of non-essential activities, disruption and shutdown of businesses and greater uncertainty in global financial markets. Through fiscal 2021, our revenues were negatively impacted by COVID-19 as various small-to-medium sized customers postponed their capital expenditures due to the pandemic and related macro-economic uncertainties. Although our business was initially negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in the first half of fiscal 2021, we resumed device installation and activation services soon thereafter. More recently we have experienced supply shortages as a result of global supply imbalances driven by the global pandemic. These global supply imbalances have negatively impacted all parts of our business during fiscal 2022, more significantly during the three months ended November 30, 2021. It is difficult to predict the extent to which the pandemic will continue to impact our future business or operating results, which are highly dependent on uncertain future developments, including the severity of the continuing pandemic, the actions taken or to be taken by governments and private businesses in relation to its containment and the resolution of supply chain issues and supply shortages. Because our business is dependent on telematics product sales, device installations and related subscription-based services, the ultimate effect of COVID-19 and the current supply shortages may not be fully reflected in our operating results until future periods.

We have considered all known and reasonably available information that existed throughout the three and nine months ended and as of November 30, 2021, in making accounting judgements, estimates and disclosures. We are monitoring the potential effects of the health care related and economic conditions of COVID-19 in assessing certain matters including (but not limited to) supply chain disruptions, decreases in customer demand for our products and services, potential longer-term effects on our customer and distribution channels particularly in the U.S. and relevant end markets as well as other developments. If the impact results in longer term closures of businesses and economic recessionary conditions, we may recognize additional material asset impairments and charges for uncollectible accounts receivable in future periods.

Certain notes and other information included in the audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021 are condensed in or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 22, 2021.

In the opinion of our management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly our financial position at November 30, 2021 and our results of operations for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2021 and 2020. The results of operations for such periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full fiscal year ending February 28, 2022.

All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Sale of LoJack North America Operations

On January 22, 2021, we received a formal proposal from Spireon Holdings, L.P. (“Spireon”) to acquire the LoJack U.S. and Canadian SVR (“LoJack North America”) business for a purchase price of $8.0 million. Effective March 15, 2021, the Company and Spireon entered into a purchase agreement pursuant to which we sold certain assets and transferred certain liabilities of the LoJack North America business to Spireon. Operations for LoJack North America are presented as discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2021 and 2020. See Note 2, Discontinued Operations, for additional information.

Unless otherwise indicated, the financial disclosures and related information provided herein relate to our continuing operations and we have recast prior period amounts to reflect discontinued operations.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue as follows:

Products. We recognize revenue from product and accessories sales upon transfer of control of promised products to customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price, which is generally the stand-alone selling prices of the promised goods. For product shipments made on the basis of “FOB Destination” terms, revenue is recorded when the products are delivered to the customer. Customers generally do not have a right of return except for defective products returned during the warranty period. We record estimated commitments related to customer incentive programs as reductions of revenues.

Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”). We recognize our SaaS revenues and related cost of revenues in our application subscriptions and other service revenues and cost of revenues on SaaS arrangements that combine various hardware devices over a stipulated service period.

Our integrated SaaS-based solutions for our tracking, monitoring and recovery services provide customers with the ability to wirelessly communicate with monitoring devices installed in vehicles and other mobile or remote assets through our software applications. The transaction price for a typical SaaS arrangement includes the price for the customized device, installation and application subscriptions. We have applied our judgment in determining that these integrated arrangements typically represent single performance obligations satisfied over time.

Accordingly, we defer the recognition of revenue for the customized devices that only function with our applications and are sold only on an integrated basis with our proprietary applicable subscriptions. Such customized devices and the application services are not sold separately. In such circumstances, the associated device related costs are recorded as deferred costs on the balance sheet. Generally, these service arrangements do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the subscription service at any time. Revenues from subscription services are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the subscription. The deferred revenue and deferred cost amounts are amortized to application subscriptions and other services revenue and cost of revenues, respectively, on a straight-line basis over the estimated average in-service lives of these devices, which is generally four to five years for our services. In certain fleet management contracts, we provide devices as part of the subscription contracts but we retain control of such devices. Under such arrangements, the cost of the devices is capitalized as property and equipment and depreciated over the estimated useful life of three to five years. The related subscription revenues of these arrangements are recognized as services are rendered. Our deferred revenue under ASC 606 also includes prepayments from our customers for various subscription services but does not include future subscription fees associated with customers’ unexercised contract renewal rights.

In certain customer arrangements, we sell devices and monitoring services separately to customers and sell similar devices on a stand-alone basis to licensees. Accordingly, we recognize revenues for the sales of the devices upon transfer of control to the customer and recognize revenue for the related monitoring services over the service period. The allocation of the transaction price is based on relative estimated stand-alone selling prices for the devices and the monitoring services.

Professional Services. We also provide various professional services to customers. These include project management, engineering services and installation services, which are typically distinct from other performance obligations and are recognized as the related services are performed. For certain professional service contracts, we recognize revenue over time based on the proportion of total costs incurred to-date as a percentage of the total estimated cost of the contract, which is an input method.

Sales taxes. We have elected to record revenue net of taxes collected from customers that are remitted to governmental authorities, with the collected taxes recorded within the caption Other current liabilities until remitted to the relevant government authority.

Contract Balances. Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing on our invoicing to customers. Contract liabilities are comprised of billings to or payments received from our customers in advance of performance under the contract. We refer to these contract liabilities as “Deferred Revenues” in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. During the three months ended November 30, 2021, we recognized $6.1 million in revenue from the deferred revenue balance of $52.8 million as of February 28, 2021. Certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer consist of sales commissions, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the corresponding contracts. Prepaid commissions included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets was $4.7 million as of November 30, 2021, of which $2.8 million was classified as other assets.

We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers into reportable segments, geography, type of goods and services and timing of revenue recognition. See Note 15, Segment Information and Geographic Data, for our revenue by segment and geography. The disaggregation of revenue by type of goods and services and by timing of revenue recognition is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30,				November 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenue by type of goods and services:
Telematics devices and accessories	$	40,376	$	50,129	$	143,902	$	141,285
Rental income and other services		3,248		5,669		10,353		13,064
Recurring application subscriptions		25,153		22,714		73,207		72,291
Total	$	68,777	$	78,512	$	227,462	$	226,640

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	November 30,				November 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenue by timing of revenue recognition:
Revenue recognized at a point in time	$	40,785	$	55,446	$	148,908	$	153,409
Revenue recognized over time		27,992		23,066		78,554		73,231
Total	$	68,777	$	78,512	$	227,462	$	226,640

Telematics devices and accessories revenue presented in the table above include devices sold in customer arrangements that include both the device and monitoring services. Recurring application subscriptions revenues include the recognition of revenue for customized devices functional only with application subscriptions.

Remaining performance obligations from continuing operations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of November 30, 2021 and February 28, 2021, we had estimated remaining performance obligations for contractually committed revenues of $149.9 million and $145.1 million, respectively. As of November 30, 2021, we expect to recognize approximately 15% in fiscal 2022 and 37% in fiscal 2023. As of February 28, 2021, we expected to recognize approximately 50% in fiscal 2022 and 22% in fiscal 2023. We have utilized the practical expedient exception within ASC 606 and exclude contracts that have original durations of less than one year from the aforementioned remaining performance obligation disclosure.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities at date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable consists of amounts due to us from sales arrangements executed in our normal business activities and are recorded at invoiced amounts. Our payment terms generally range between 30 to 60 days of our invoice date with a few exceptions that extend the credit terms up to 90 days and we do not offer financing options. We present the aggregate accounts receivable balance net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Generally, collateral and other security is not obtained for outstanding accounts receivable. Credit losses, if any, are recognized based on management’s evaluation of historical collection experience, customer-specific financial conditions as well as an evaluation of current industry trends and general economic conditions. Past due balances are assessed by management on a periodic basis and balances are written off when the customer’s financial condition no longer warrants pursuit of collection. Actual collections may differ from estimated amounts.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. Except for an anticipated increase in expected credit losses, we are not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require an update to our estimates or assumptions or a revision of the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates and assumptions may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. As a result, actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.

We analyzed the credit risk associated with our accounts receivables and lease receivables. Our historical loss rates have not shown any significant differences between customer industries or geographies, and upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“ASU 2016-13”), we grouped all accounts receivables and lease receivables into a single portfolio. As disclosed in Note 15, Segment Information and Geographic Data, we do not have significant international geographic concentrations of revenue, and, as a result, we do not have significant concentrations of accounts receivables or lease receivables in any single geography outside of the United States.

The allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $2.7 million and $3.7 million as of November 30, 2021 and February 28, 2021, respectively.

Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill and long-lived assets to be held and used, including identifiable intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. These events or changes in circumstances may include a significant deterioration of operating results, changes in business plans or changes in anticipated future cash flows. If an impairment indicator is present, we evaluate recoverability by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets or reporting unit to the estimated fair value of those assets or reporting unit determined using either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of both. If the assets are impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the assets.

Fair Value Measurements

We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in our financial statements. We define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly manner in an arm’s-length transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by using the following hierarchy:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Convertible Senior Notes and Capped Call Transactions

We account for our convertible senior notes as separate liability and equity components. We determine the carrying amount of the liability component based on the fair value of a similar debt instrument excluding the embedded conversion option at the issuance date. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option is calculated by deducting the carrying value of the liability component from the principal amount of the notes as a whole. This difference represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component of the notes is included in stockholders’ equity and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We allocate transaction costs related to the issuance of the notes to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the initial carrying value of the notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the respective term of the notes, and transaction costs attributable to the equity components are netted with the equity component of the note in stockholders’ equity. We account for the cost of the capped calls as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

Litigation and Other Contingencies

We accrue for litigation and other contingencies whenever we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and a liability is reasonably estimable. The amount of the accrual is estimated based on a review of each claim, including the type and facts of the claim and our assessment of the merits of the claim. These accruals are reviewed at least on a quarterly basis and are adjusted to reflect the impact of recent negotiations, settlements, court rulings, advice from legal counsel and other events pertaining to the case. Such accruals, if any, are recorded as general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Although we take considerable measures to mitigate our exposure in these matters, litigation is unpredictable; however, we believe that we have valid defenses with respect to pending legal matters against us as well as adequate provisions for probable and estimable losses. All costs for legal services are expensed as incurred.

Foreign Currency Translation

We translate the assets and liabilities of our non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recognized in foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the period. The aggregate foreign currency transaction exchange rate loss included in determining income (loss) before income taxes was ($0.1) million and ($0.1) million for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2021, respectively. The aggregate foreign currency transaction exchange rate gain (loss) included in determining income (loss) before income taxes was $0.3 million and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2020.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) consists of two components, net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”). OCI refers to revenue, expenses and gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity and excluded from net income (loss). Our OCI consists of foreign currency translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Adopted

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU removes certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation, and calculating income taxes in interim periods. This ASU also adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard on March 1, 2021 did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Adopted

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which removes certain separation models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock that require the separation of a convertible debt instrument into a debt component and an equity or derivative component. The ASU also expands disclosure requirements for convertible instruments and simplifies areas of the guidance for diluted earnings-per-share calculations that are impacted by the amendments. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements.