CalAmp Corp. (referred to herein as “CalAmp”, “the Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) is a global technology solutions pioneer leading transformation to a mobile connected economy. We help reinvent businesses and improve lives around the globe with technology solutions that streamline complex mobile Internet of Things (“IoT”) deployments through wireless connectivity solutions and derived data intelligence. Our software applications, scalable cloud services, and intelligent devices collect and assess business-critical data anywhere in the world from industrial machines, commercial and passenger vehicles, their drivers and contents. We are a global organization that is headquartered in Irvine, California.

Historically, we had two reportable segments, Software & Subscription Services and Telematics Systems. During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, our President and Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”), who is our current Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), realigned our operational structure into three reportable segments: Software & Subscriptions Services, Telematics Products and LoJack U.S. SVR Products. We have recast certain prior period amounts to conform to the way our CODM regularly reviews segment performance.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic. The full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak remains uncertain as of the time of this report given the diversity of rules and regulations in the U.S. and other countries in which we operate. The pandemic has resulted in travel restrictions, prohibitions of non-essential activities, disruption and shutdown of businesses and greater uncertainty in global financial markets. During the three months ended August 31, 2020, there was an increase in the number of installations as U.S. auto dealerships and school districts reopened from government-imposed pandemic shutdowns, which resulted in a sequential increase in our revenue since first quarter of fiscal 2021. The effect of the outbreak may continue to impact our operating results depending on the severity of the pandemic and the actions taken or to be taken by governments and private businesses in relation to its containment. We cannot predict the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will negatively impact our business or operating results at this time.

We have considered all known and reasonably available information that existed as of August 31, 2020, in making accounting judgments, estimates and disclosures. We are monitoring the potential effects of the health care related and economic conditions of COVID-19 in assessing certain matters including (but not limited to) supply chain disruptions, decreases in customer demand for our products and services, potential longer-term effects on our customer and distribution channels particularly in the U.S. and relevant end markets as well as other developments. If the impact results in longer-term closures of businesses and economic recessionary conditions, we may recognize additional material asset impairments, charges for uncollectible accounts receivable in future periods and incur additional restructuring charges.

Certain notes and other information included in the audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020 are condensed in or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on May 5, 2020.

In the opinion of our management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly our financial position at August 31, 2020 and our results of operations for the three and six months ended August 31, 2020 and 2019. The results of operations for such periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full fiscal year ending February 28, 2021.

All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Products. We recognize revenue from product and accessories sales upon transfer of control of promised products to customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price, which is generally the stand-alone selling prices of the promised goods. For product shipments made on the basis of “FOB Destination” terms, revenue is recorded when the products reach the customer. Customers generally do not have a right of return except for defective products returned during the warranty period. We record estimated commitments related to customer incentive programs as reductions of revenues.

Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”). We recognize our SaaS revenues and related cost of revenues in our Application subscriptions and other service revenues and cost of revenues on SaaS arrangements that combine various hardware devices over a stipulated service period.

Our integrated SaaS-based solutions for our fleet management, vehicle finance (which we are exiting) and certain other verticals provide customers with the ability to wirelessly communicate with monitoring devices installed in vehicles and other mobile or remote assets through our software applications. The transaction price for a typical SaaS arrangement includes the price for the customized device, installation and application subscriptions. We have applied our judgment in determining that these integrated arrangements typically represent single performance obligations satisfied over time.

Accordingly, we defer the recognition of revenue for the customized devices that only function with our applications and are sold only on an integrated basis with our proprietary applicable subscriptions. Such customized devices and the application services are not sold separately. In such circumstances, the associated device related costs are recorded as deferred costs on the balance sheet. Generally, these service arrangements do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the subscription service at any time. Revenues from subscription services are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the subscription. The deferred revenue and deferred cost amounts are amortized to application subscriptions and other services revenue and cost of revenues, respectively, on a straight-line basis over the estimated average in-service lives of these devices, which are three years in the vehicle finance and four to five years in the fleet management verticals. In certain fleet management contracts, we provide devices as part of the subscription contracts but we retain control of such devices. Under such arrangements, the cost of the devices is capitalized as property and equipment and depreciated over the estimated useful life of three to five years. The related subscription revenues of these arrangements are recognized as services are rendered. Our deferred revenue under ASC 606 also includes prepayments from our customers for various subscription services but does not include future subscription fees associated with customers’ unexercised contract renewal rights.

In certain customer arrangements, we sell devices and monitoring services separately to customers and sell similar devices on a stand-alone basis to licensees. Accordingly, we recognize revenues for the sales of the devices upon transfer of control to the customer and recognize revenue for the related monitoring services over the service period. The allocation of the transaction price is based on relative estimated stand-alone selling prices for the devices and the monitoring services.

Professional Services. We also provide various professional services to customers. These include project management, engineering services and installation services, which are typically distinct from other performance obligations and are recognized as the related services are performed. For certain professional service contracts, we recognize revenue over time based on the proportion of total costs incurred to-date over the estimated cost of the contract, which is an input method.

Sales taxes. We have elected to record revenue net of taxes collected from customers that are remitted to governmental authorities, with the collected taxes recorded within the caption Other current liabilities until remitted to the relevant government authority.

Contract Balances. Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing on our invoicing to customers. Contract liabilities are comprised of billings to or payments received from our customers in advance of performance under the contract. We refer to these contract liabilities as “Deferred Revenues” in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. During fiscal quarter ended August 31, 2020, we recognized $23.8 million in revenue from the deferred revenue balance of $62.2 million as of February 29, 2020. Certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer consist of sales commissions, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the corresponding contracts. Prepaid commissions totaled $4.1 million as of August 31, 2020, of which $2.2 million was classified as non-current.

We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers into reportable segments, geography, type of goods and services and timing of revenue recognition. See Note 15 for our revenue by segment and geography. The disaggregation of revenue by type of goods and services and by timing of revenue recognition, which reflect the immaterial corrections as discussed below, was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	August 31,				August 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenue by type of goods and services:
Telematics devices and accessories	$	50,943	$	64,174	$	104,049	$	129,937
Rental income and other services		5,976		5,750		8,413		10,180
Recurring application subscriptions		26,618		23,312		51,290		42,189
Total	$	83,537	$	93,236	$	163,752	$	182,306

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	August 31,				August 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenue by timing of revenue recognition:
Revenue recognized at a point in time	$	56,647	$	68,921	$	111,874	$	138,205
Revenue recognized over time		26,890		24,315		51,878		44,101
Total	$	83,537	$	93,236	$	163,752	$	182,306

Telematics devices and accessories presented in the table above include devices sold in customer arrangements that include both the device and monitoring services. Recurring application subscriptions revenues include the amortization for customized devices functional only with application subscriptions.

Remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of August 31, 2020 and February 29, 2020, we have estimated remaining performance obligations for contractually committed revenues of $129.8 million and $134.5 million, respectively. As of August 31, 2020, we expect to recognize approximately 25% in fiscal 2021 and 39% in fiscal 2022. As of February 29, 2020, we expected to recognize approximately 44% in fiscal 2021 and 26% in fiscal 2022. We have utilized the practical expedient exception within ASC 606 and exclude contracts that have original durations of less than one year from the aforementioned remaining performance obligation disclosure.

Revision of Previously Issued Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Subsequent to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended February 29, 2020, we concluded that the presentation of revenues and cost of revenues should be adjusted to present product and service revenues and the related cost of revenues for each separately in accordance with SEC Regulation S-X, Rule 5-03(b). Additionally, certain historical information in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements have been revised to reflect the impact of these corrections. We have determined that the correction of these classification errors is not material to the previously issued consolidated financial statements. The following table summarizes the impact of the immaterial adjustments.

	Three Months Ended August 31, 2019							Six Months Ended August 31, 2019
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Corrected		As Reported		Adjustment			As Corrected
Revenues:
Products	$	62,031	$	2,143		$	64,174	$	125,590	$	4,347		$	129,937
Application subscriptions and other services		31,205		(2,143	)		29,062		56,716		(4,347	)		52,369
Total revenues	$	93,236	$	-		$	93,236	$	182,306	$	-		$	182,306
Cost of revenues:
Products	$	37,721	$	562		$	38,283	$	76,269	$	1,820		$	78,089
Application subscriptions and other services		17,845		(562	)		17,283		32,956		(1,820	)		31,136
Total cost of revenues	$	55,566	$	-		$	55,566	$	109,225	$	-		$	109,225

	Three Months Ended August 31, 2019							Six Months Ended August 31, 2019
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Corrected		As Reported		Adjustment			As Corrected
Revenue by type of goods and services:
Telematics devices and accessories	$	65,891	$	(1,717	)	$	64,174	$	134,059	$	(4,122	)	$	129,937
Rental income and other services		2,036		3,714			5,750		3,983		6,197			10,180
Recurring application subscriptions		25,309		(1,997	)		23,312		44,264		(2,075	)		42,189
Total	$	93,236	$	-		$	93,236	$	182,306	$	-		$	182,306

Revenue by timing of revenue recognition:
Revenue recognized at a point in time	$	65,891	$	3,030		$	68,921	$	134,059	$	4,146		$	138,205
Revenue recognized over time		27,345		(3,030	)		24,315		48,247		(4,146	)		44,101
Total	$	93,236	$	-		$	93,236	$	182,306	$	-		$	182,306

We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities at date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Accounts receivable consists of amounts due to us from sales arrangements executed in our normal business activities and are recorded at invoiced amounts. Our payment terms generally range between 30 to 60 days and we do not offer financing options. We present the aggregate accounts receivable balance net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Generally, collateral and other security is not obtained for outstanding accounts receivable. Credit losses, if any, are recognized based on management’s evaluation of historical collection experience, customer-specific financial conditions as well as an evaluation of current industry trends and general economic conditions. Past due balances are assessed by management on a periodic basis and balances are written off when the customer’s financial condition no longer warrants pursuit of collection. Although we expect to collect amounts due, actual collections may differ from estimated amounts.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. Except for the increase in expected credit losses, we are not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require an update to our estimates or assumptions or a revision of the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates and assumptions may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. As a result, actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.

We analyzed the credit risk associated with our accounts receivables and lease receivables. Our historical loss rates have not shown any significant differences between customer industries or geographies, and, upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“ASU 2016-13”), we grouped all accounts receivables and lease receivables into a single portfolio. As disclosed in Note 15, Segment Information and Geographic Data, we do not have significant international geographic concentrations of revenue, and, as a result, we do not have significant concentrations of accounts receivables or lease receivables in any single geography outside of the United States. As a result of our adoption of ASU 2016-13 effective March 1, 2020, we recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance as a $0.1 million addition to our allowance for doubtful accounts with an offsetting adjustment to accumulated deficit.

The allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $3.7 million and $3.1 million as of August 31, 2020 and February 29, 2020, respectively.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350”). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. ASC 350 provides that an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform an impairment test.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”), which we adopted in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, the impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds carrying value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than carrying value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

Long-lived assets to be held and used, including identifiable intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. These events or changes in circumstances may include a significant deterioration of operating results, changes in business plans or changes in anticipated future cash flows. If an impairment indicator is present, we evaluate recoverability by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets or asset group to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the lowest level of asset group. If the assets or asset group are impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined by estimates of discounted cash flows. The discount rate used in any estimate of discounted cash flows would be the rate required for similar investment of like risk. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we determined that the prolonged secular decline in revenues from our legacy LoJack U.S. SVR products coupled with the slower than anticipated market penetration of our telematics solutions in the U.S. automotive dealership channel represented determinate indications of impairment. These factors were further exacerbated by the immediate unfavorable impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the automotive end markets over the past four months. We recorded an impairment loss of $19.1 million during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 related to certain intangible assets and other long-lived assets. As the COVID-19 pandemic continued to impact the market and our business operations during the first quarter of fiscal 2021, we reevaluated the recoverability of the carrying amount of long-lived assets, including goodwill. Based upon our assessment of economic conditions, our expectations of future business conditions and trends, our projected revenues, earnings, and cash flows, we determined that goodwill utilized in our LoJack U.S. SVR reporting unit was impaired and recorded an impairment loss of $3.9 million for goodwill and $0.4 million for dealer relationships as of May 31, 2020. For the fiscal quarter ended August 31, 2020, we continued our assessment of these conditions and concluded no further impairment was required. Any deterioration in future operating cash flows of this reporting unit may result in further impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets, including intangible assets.

We estimate the fair value of goodwill and other long-lived assets including dealership relationships based on discounted cash flow techniques (Level 3 determination of fair value). Significant inputs to the valuation model include:

We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in our financial statements. We define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly manner in an arm’s-length transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by using the following hierarchy:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

We account for our convertible senior notes as separate liability and equity components. We determine the carrying amount of the liability component based on the fair value of a similar debt instrument excluding the embedded conversion option at the issuance date. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option is calculated by deducting the carrying value of the liability component from the principal amount of the notes as a whole. This difference represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component of the notes is included in stockholders’ equity and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We allocate transaction costs related to the issuance of the notes to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the initial carrying value of the notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the respective term of the notes, and transaction costs attributable to the equity components are netted with the equity component of the note in stockholders’ equity. We account for the cost of the capped calls as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

We accrue for patent litigation and other contingencies whenever we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and a liability is reasonably estimable. The amount of the accrual is estimated based on a review of each claim, including the type and facts of the claim and our assessment of the merits of the claim. These accruals are reviewed at least on a quarterly basis and are adjusted to reflect the impact of recent negotiations, settlements, court rulings, advice from legal counsel and other events pertaining to the case. Such accruals, if any, are recorded as general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Although we take considerable measures to mitigate our exposure in these matters, litigation is unpredictable; however, we believe that we have valid defenses with respect to pending legal matters against us as well as adequate provisions for probable and estimable losses. All costs for legal services are expensed as incurred.

We translate the assets and liabilities of our non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recognized in foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the period. The aggregate foreign currency transaction exchange rate gain (losses) included in determining income (loss) before income taxes was $0.9 million and $(0.8) million for the three and six months ended August 31, 2020, respectively. The aggregate foreign currency transaction exchange rate losses included in determining income (loss) before income taxes was $1.0 million and $1.3 million for the three and six months ended August 31, 2019, respectively.

Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of two components, net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”). OCI refers to revenue, expenses and gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity and excluded from net income (loss). Our OCI consists of foreign currency translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency.

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, or ASC 326. The new standard amends the impairment model to utilize an expected loss methodology in place of the currently used incurred loss methodology. We adopted the new allowance for credit losses accounting standard on March 1, 2020 by means of recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance as a $0.1 million addition to our allowance for doubtful accounts with an offsetting adjustment to accumulated deficit. See Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts above.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. We adopted this standard prospectively effective March 1, 2020. As a result of the adoption, we recorded certain costs, particularly those incurred during the application development phase, related to the implementation of cloud computing arrangements in prepaid expenses which historically had been recorded in property and equipment. Capitalized costs related to cloud computing arrangements for the six months ended August 31, 2020, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, were not material.