CalAmp Corp. (referred to herein as “CalAmp”, “the Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) is a telematics pioneer leading transformation in a global connected economy. We help reinvent businesses and improve lives around the globe with technology solutions that streamline complex mobile Internet of Things (“IoT”) deployments through wireless connectivity solutions and derived data intelligence. Our software applications, scalable cloud services, and intelligent devices collect and assess business-critical data anywhere from mobile assets and their contents. We are a global organization that is headquartered in Irvine, California. We operate under two reportable segments: Telematics Systems and Software & Subscription Services.

On February 25, 2019, we completed our acquisition of Tracker Network (UK) Limited (“Tracker UK”), a LoJack licensee and a market leader in SVR telematics services across the United Kingdom, for a cash purchase price of $13.1 million. On March 19, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Car Track, S.A. de C.V. (“LoJack Mexico”), the exclusive licensee of LoJack technology for the Mexican market. The agreement was to purchase the 87.5% of the LoJack Mexico shares not currently owned by CalAmp for a purchase price of $14.3 million. On April 12, 2019, we acquired Synovia Solutions LLC (“Synovia”), a North American market leader in fleet safety and management for K-12 school bus and state and local government fleets for a purchase price of $49.8 million. Combined with the recent acquisitions of Tracker UK and LoJack Mexico, the Synovia acquisition expands our fleet management and vehicle safety services portfolio and accelerates our transformation to high-value subscription-based services. See Note 2 for a description of these acquisitions.

Certain notes and other information included in the audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019 are condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 1, 2019.

In the opinion of our management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly our financial position at May 31, 2019 and our results of operations for the three months ended May 31, 2019 and 2018. The results of operations for such periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full fiscal year.

All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Products. In accordance with ASC 606, we recognize revenue from product sales upon transfer of control of promised products to customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price, which is generally the stand-alone selling prices of the promised goods. For product shipments made on the basis of “FOB Destination” terms, revenue is recorded when the products reach the customer. Customers generally do not have a right of return except for defective products returned during the warranty period. We record estimated commitments related to customer incentive programs as reductions of revenues.

Professional Services. We also provide various professional services to customers. These include project management, engineering services, installation services and an on-going early warning automated notification service, which are typically distinct from other performance obligations and are recognized as the related services are performed. For certain professional service contracts, we recognize revenue based on the proportion of total costs incurred to-date over the estimated cost of the contract, which is an input method.

Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”). Our SaaS-based subscriptions for our fleet management, vehicle finance and certain other verticals provide our customers with the ability to wirelessly communicate with monitoring devices installed in vehicles and other mobile or remote assets through our software applications. The transaction price for a typical SaaS arrangement includes the price for the hardware, accessories, installation and application subscriptions. Generally, we defer the recognition of revenue for the customized devices that only function with our applications and are sold on an integrated basis with applicable subscriptions. Such customized devices and the application services are not sold separately. In such circumstances, the associated product costs are recorded as deferred costs on the balance sheet. The upfront fees for the devices are not distinct from the subscription service and are combined into the subscription service performance obligation. Generally, these service arrangements do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the subscription service at any time. Revenues from subscription services are recognized ratably, on a straight-line basis, over the term of the subscription. The deferred product revenue and deferred product cost amounts are amortized to application subscriptions and related products and services revenue along with the cost of revenue, respectively, on a straight-line basis over the estimated average in-service lives of these devices, which are three years in the vehicle finance and four years in the fleet management verticals. In certain fleet management contracts, we provide devices as part of the subscription contracts but we retain control of such devices. Under such arrangement, the cost of the devices are capitalized in the property and equipment and depreciated over the estimated useful life of three to five years. The related subscription revenues of these arrangements are recognized as services are rendered. Our deferred revenue also includes prepayments from our customers for various subscription services but does not include future subscription fees associated with customers’ unexercised contract renewal rights. The product revenues for certain customer arrangements are presented as a separate line item under the caption Application subscription and related products and services in our statement of comprehensive income (loss) as the products and services are customarily part of one customer contractual arrangement.

In certain customer arrangements, we also sell devices together with monitoring services, for which revenues for the sales of the devices are recognized upon transfer of control to the customer and monitoring services are recognized over the service period as the devices and services are customarily part of one customer contractual arrangement. The allocation of the transaction price is based on estimated stand-alone selling prices for the devices and the monitoring services. The revenues under these arrangements are also included under the caption Application subscription and related products and services revenues in our statement of comprehensive income (loss).

Sales taxes. We exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by us from a customer.

Contract Balances. Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing on our invoicing to customers. Contract liabilities are comprised of billings or payments received from our customers in advance of performance under the contract. We refer to these contract liabilities as “Deferred Revenues” in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. During the three months ended May 31, 2019, we recognized $7.6 million in revenue from the beginning deferred revenue balance of $51.4 million on March 1, 2019. Certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer consist of deferred costs of hardware and sales commissions. The deferred costs of hardware are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the device on a straight-line basis. Our contract assets are primarily attributed to prepaid sales commissions, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the corresponding contracts.

We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers into reportable segments, geography, type of goods and services and timing of revenue recognition. See Note 17 for our revenue by segment and geography. The disaggregation of revenue by type of goods and services and by timing of revenue recognition was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	May 31,
	2019		2018
Revenue by type of goods and services:
Products	$	68,168	$	81,136
Professional services		1,947		1,229
Recurring application subscriptions		18,955		12,523
Total	$	89,070	$	94,888

	Three Months Ended
	May 31,
	2019		2018
Revenue by timing of revenue recognition:
Revenue recognized at a point in time	$	68,168	$	81,136
Revenue recognized over time		20,902		13,752
Total	$	89,070	$	94,888

Product revenues presented in the table above include devices sold on a stand-alone basis and recognized at a point in time. Recurring application subscriptions revenues include the amortization for customized devices functional only with application subscriptions.

As of May 31, 2019, we have estimated the remaining performance obligations for contractually committed revenues of $60.6 million, of which we expect to recognize approximately 42% through the remainder of fiscal 2020, 30% for fiscal 2021 and 17% for fiscal 2022. We have utilized the practical expedient exception and exclude contracts that have original durations of less than one year from the aforementioned remaining performance obligation disclosure.

The purchase price of an acquisition is allocated to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. To the extent the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, such excess is allocated to goodwill. We determine the estimated fair values after review and consideration of relevant information, including discounted cash flows, quoted market prices and other estimates made by management. We may refine the preliminary purchase price allocation, as necessary, during the measurement period of up to one year after the acquisition closing date as we obtain more information as to facts and circumstances existing at the acquisition date impacting the asset valuations and liabilities assumed. Goodwill acquired in business combinations is assigned to the reporting unit expected to benefit from the combination as of the acquisition date. Acquisition-related costs are recognized separately from the acquisition and are expensed as incurred.

We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities at date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Accounts receivable consists of amounts due to us from sales arrangements executed in our normal business activities and are recorded at invoiced amounts. Our payment terms generally range between 30 to 60 days and we do not offer financing options. We present the aggregate accounts receivable balance net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Generally, collateral and other security is not obtained for outstanding accounts receivable. Credit losses, if any, are recognized based on management’s evaluation of historical collection experience, customer-specific financial conditions as well as an evaluation of current industry trends and general economic conditions. Past due balances are assessed by management on a periodic basis and balances are written off when the customer’s financial condition no longer warrants pursuit of collection. Although we expect to collect amounts due, actual collections may differ from estimated amounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $2.6 million and $1.8 million as of May 31, 2019 and February 28, 2019, respectively.

We evaluate goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter, or on an interim basis, if we believe indicators of impairment exist. We first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we conduct a two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. The first step of the impairment test involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, we perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test. The second step of the goodwill impairment test involves comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying value of the goodwill. The amount by which the carrying value of the goodwill exceeds its implied fair value will be recognized as an impairment loss.

Long-lived assets to be held and used, including identifiable intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. These events or changes in circumstances may include a significant deterioration of operating results, changes in business plans or changes in anticipated future cash flows. If an impairment indicator is present, we evaluate recoverability by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets or asset group to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the lowest level of asset group. Given the interdependencies of revenues across our segments, product and service verticals, and geographies, our asset groups are generally our two operating segments. If the assets or asset group are impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined by estimates of discounted cash flows. The discount rate used in any estimate of discounted cash flows would be the rate required for similar investment of like risk.

We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in our financial statements. We define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly manner in an arm’s-length transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by using the following hierarchy:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

We account for our convertible senior notes as separate liability and equity components. We determine the carrying amount of the liability component based on the fair value of a similar debt instrument excluding the embedded conversion option at the issuance date. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option is calculated by deducting the carrying value of the liability component from the principal amount of the notes as a whole. This difference represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component of the notes is included in stockholders’ equity and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We allocate transaction costs related to the issuance of the notes to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the initial carrying value of the notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the respective term of the notes, and transaction costs attributable to the equity components are netted with the equity component of the note in stockholders’ equity. We account for the cost of the capped calls as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

We accrue for patent litigation and other contingencies whenever we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and a liability is reasonably estimable. The amount of the accrual is estimated based on a review of each claim, including the type and facts of the claim and our assessment of the merits of the claim. These accruals are reviewed at least on a quarterly basis and are adjusted to reflect the impact of recent negotiations, settlements, court rulings, advice from legal counsel and other events pertaining to the case. Such accruals, if any, are recorded as general and administrative expense in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Although we take considerable measures to mitigate our exposure in these matters, litigation is unpredictable; however, we believe that we have valid defenses with respect to pending legal matters against us as well as adequate provisions for probable and estimable losses. All costs for legal services are expensed as incurred.

We translate the assets and liabilities of our non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recognized in foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the period. The aggregate foreign currency transaction exchange rate gain (losses) included in determining income (loss) before income taxes were immaterial for both the three months ended May 31, 2019 and 2018.

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract (“ASU 2018-15”). The amendments in ASU 2018-15 provide guidance to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by this update. The new guidance is effective for our fiscal year 2021 beginning on March 1, 2020. We do not anticipate this pronouncement will have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This guidance eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test and instead requires that an entity measure the impairment of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit if the carrying value of assets and liabilities assigned to the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceed the reporting unit's fair value. The new guidance must be adopted for annual and interim goodwill tests by us in fiscal year 2021 beginning on March 1, 2020. After the adoption of this standard, which will be applied prospectively, we will follow a one-step model for goodwill impairment. We do not anticipate this pronouncement will have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which was further clarified by ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, and ASU 2018-11, Leases – Targeted Improvement, both issued in July 2018. ASU 2016-02 affects all entities that lease assets and establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record an ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with the classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU 2018-10 clarifies or corrects unintended application of guidance related to ASU 2016-02. The amendments affects narrow aspects of ASU 2016-02 related to the implicit rate in the lease, impairment of the net investment in the lease, lessee reassessment of lease classification, lessor reassessment of lease term and purchase options, variable payments that depend on an index or rate and certain transition adjustments. ASU 2018-11 adds a transition option for all entities and a practical expedient only for lessors. The transition option allows entities to not apply the new leases standard in the comparative periods, which they present in their financial statements in the year of adoption. Under the transition option, entities can opt to continue to apply the legacy guidance in ASC 840, “Leases”, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods presented in the year they adopt the new leases standard. Entities that elect this transition option will still be required to adopt the new leases standard using the modified retrospective transition method required by the standard, but they will recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption rather than in the earliest period presented. For leases existing at, or entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, lessees and lessors must apply a modified retrospective transition approach.

We applied the transition requirements on the adoption date of March 1, 2019, rather than at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. This approach allows for a cumulative effect adjustment in the period of adoption, and prior periods will not be restated. In addition, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which does not require reassessment of prior conclusions related to contracts containing a lease, lease classification and initial direct lease costs. As an accounting policy election, we excluded short-term leases (term of 12 months or less) from the balance sheet presentation and accounted for non-lease and lease components in a contract as a single lease component for certain asset classes. Effective March 1, 2019, we recorded the impact on our consolidated balance sheet from the recognition of ROU asset and lease liability of $29.8 million and $33.2 million, respectively. However, the impact to our consolidated statements of comprehensive income and consolidated statements of cash flows is not material. See Note 9, Leases, for additional details.