CalAmp Corp. (referred to herein as “CalAmp”, “the Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) is a telematics pioneer leading transformation in a global connected economy. We help reinvent businesses and improve lives around the globe with technology solutions that streamline complex Internet of Things (“IoT”) deployments through wireless connectivity solutions and derived data intelligence. Our software applications, scalable cloud services, and intelligent devices collect and assess business-critical data anywhere in the world from industrial machines, commercial and passenger vehicles, their passengers and contents. We are a global organization that is headquartered in Irvine, California. We operate under two reportable segments: Telematics Systems and Software & Subscription Services.

Certain notes and other information included in the audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2018 are condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2018.

In the opinion of our management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly our financial position at November 30, 2018 and our results of operations for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2018 and 2017. The results of operations for such periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full fiscal year.

All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The new revenue recognition standard provides a five-step analytical framework for transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The two permitted transition methods under the new standard are the full retrospective method or the modified retrospective method. We adopted the new standard effective March 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method, which we applied to all contracts.

Products. In accordance with ASC 606, we recognize revenue from product sales upon transfer of control of promised products to customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price, which is generally the stand-alone selling prices of the promised goods. For product shipments made on the basis of “FOB Destination” terms, revenue is recorded when the shipment reaches the customer. Customers generally do not have a right of return except for defective products returned during the warranty period. We record estimated commitments related to customer incentive programs as reductions of revenues.

Professional Services. We also provide various professional services to customers. These include project management, engineering services, installation services and an on-going early warning automated notification service, which are typically distinct from other performance obligations and are recognized as the related services are performed.

Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) and Platform-as-a-Service (“PaaS”). Our SaaS-based and PaaS-based subscriptions for our fleet management, vehicle finance and certain other verticals provide our customers with the ability to wirelessly communicate with monitoring devices installed in vehicles and other mobile or remote assets via our software applications. Generally, we defer the recognition of revenue for the products that are sold with application subscriptions. In such circumstances, the associated product costs are recorded as deferred costs in the balance sheet. The upfront fees for the devices are not distinct from the subscription service and are combined into the subscription service performance obligation. The upfront fees may provide a material right to the customer that has influence over the customers’ right to renew. Generally, these service arrangements do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the subscription service at any time. Revenues from subscription services are recognized ratably, on a straight-line basis, over the term of the subscription. Subscription renewal fees are recognized ratably over the term of the renewal. The deferred product revenue and deferred product cost amounts are amortized to application subscriptions and related products and other services revenue and cost of revenue, respectively, on a straight-line basis over the estimated average in-service lives of these devices, which are three years in the vehicle finance and four years in the fleet management verticals. Our deferred contract revenue under ASC 606 does not include future subscription fees associated with customers’ unexercised contract renewal rights. The product revenues for certain customer arrangements are presented combined within Application subscription and related products and other services in our statement of comprehensive income (loss) as the products and services are customarily part of one customer contractual arrangement.

Sales taxes. We exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by us from a customer.

Contract Balances. Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing on our invoicing to customers. Contract liabilities are comprised of billings or payments received from our customers in advance of performance under the contract. We refer to these contract liabilities as “Deferred Revenues” in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. During the three and nine months ended November 30, 2018, we recognized $4.5 million and $15.7 million in revenue from the beginning deferred revenue balance of $41.7 million on March 1, 2018, respectively.

As of November 30, 2018, we have estimated remaining performance obligations for contractually committed revenues of $46.6 million, of which we expect to recognize approximately 18% through the remainder of fiscal 2019, 36% for fiscal 2020 and 25% for fiscal 2021. We have utilized the practical expedient exception within ASC 606 and exclude contracts that have original durations of less than one year from the aforementioned remaining performance obligation disclosure.

We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities at date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Accounts receivable consists of amounts due to us from sales arrangements that are executed in our normal business activities and are recorded at invoiced amounts. We present the aggregate accounts receivable balance net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Generally, collateral and other security is not obtained for outstanding accounts receivable. Credit losses, if any, are recognized based on management’s evaluation of historical collection experience, customer-specific financial conditions as well as an evaluation of current industry trends and general economic conditions. Past due balances are assessed by management on a monthly basis, and balances are written off when the customer’s financial condition no longer warrants pursuit of collection. Although we expect to collect amounts due, actual collections may differ from estimated amounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $2.0 million and $1.2 million as of November 30, 2018 and February 28, 2018, respectively.

Long-lived assets to be held and used, including identifiable intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. These events or changes in circumstances may include a significant deterioration of operating results, changes in business plans or changes in anticipated future cash flows. If an impairment indicator is present, we evaluate recoverability by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If the assets are impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined by estimates of discounted cash flows. The discount rate used in any estimate of discounted cash flows would be the rate required for similar investment of like risk.

We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in our financial statements. We define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly manner in an arm’s-length transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by using the following hierarchy:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

We account for our convertible senior notes as separate liability and equity components. We determine the carrying amount of the liability component based on the fair value of a similar debt instrument excluding the embedded conversion option. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option is calculated by deducting the carrying value of the liability component from the principal amount of the notes as a whole. This difference represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component of the notes is included in stockholders’ equity and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We allocate transaction costs related to the issuance of the notes to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the initial carrying value of the notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the respective term of the notes, and transaction costs attributable to the equity components are netted with the equity component of the note in stockholders’ equity. We account for the cost of the capped calls as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

We accrue for patent litigation and other contingencies whenever we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and a liability is reasonably estimable. The amount of the accrual is estimated based on a review of each claim, including the type and facts of the claim and our assessment of the merits of the claim. These accruals are reviewed at least on a quarterly basis and are adjusted to reflect the impact of recent negotiations, settlements, court rulings, advice from legal counsel and other events pertaining to the case. Such accruals, if any, are recorded as general and administrative expense in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Although we take considerable measures to mitigate our exposure in these matters, litigation is inherently unpredictable. Nonetheless, we believe that we have valid defenses with respect to pending legal matters against us as well as adequate provisions for probable and estimable losses.

We translate the assets and liabilities of our non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recognized in foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the period. The aggregate foreign currency transaction exchange rate gain (losses) included in determining income (loss) before income taxes were immaterial for both of the three and nine months ended November 30, 2018 and 2017.

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract (“ASU 2018-15”). The amendments in ASU 2018-15 provide guidance to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by this update. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We do not anticipate this pronouncement will have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This guidance eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test and instead requires that an entity measure the impairment of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit if the carrying value of assets and liabilities assigned to the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceed the reporting unit's fair value. The new guidance must be adopted for annual and interim goodwill tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. After the adoption of this standard, which will be applied prospectively, we will follow a one-step model for goodwill impairment. We do not anticipate this pronouncement will have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which was further clarified by ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, and ASU 2018-11, Leases – Targeted Improvement, both issued in July 2018. ASU 2016-02 affects all entities that lease assets and establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record an ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with the classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU 2018-10 clarifies or corrects unintended application of guidance related to ASU 2016-02. The amendments affects narrow aspects of ASU 2016-02 related to the implicit rate in the lease, impairment of the net investment in the lease, lessee reassessment of lease classification, lessor reassessment of lease term and purchase options, variable payments that depend on an index or rate and certain transition adjustments. ASU 2018-11 adds a transition option for all entities and a practical expedient only for lessors. The transition option allows entities to not apply the new leases standard in the comparative periods they present in their financial statements in the year of adoption. Under the transition option, entities can opt to continue to apply the legacy guidance in ASC 840, “Leases”, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods presented in the year they adopt the new leases standard. Entities that elect this transition option will still be required to adopt the new leases standard using the modified retrospective transition method required by the standard, but they will recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption rather than in the earliest period presented. The new standards are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. For leases existing at, or entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, lessees and lessors must apply a modified retrospective transition approach. We have established an implementation team to identify the various categories of capital and operating leases existing in our business operations. We are also accumulating information for the additional disclosure requirements of the new standard and are evaluating changes to our internal control structure and accounting policy. We have not completed the assessment of the impact of the accounting pronouncement on our condensed consolidated financial statements, but we do expect to record ROU assets and lease liabilities upon adoption.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments–Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”). This standard revises an entity’s accounting related to (i) the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and (ii) the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. It also amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. Under the new guidance, entities will have to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income unless the investments qualify for a new practicality exception. We adopted the standard during the fiscal quarter ended May 31, 2018. Upon adoption, we reclassified $0.4 million of unrealized gain (net of income taxes) reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss for available for sale equity securities to beginning accumulated deficit.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The new revenue recognition standard (“ASC 606”) provides a five-step analytical framework for transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard became effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017; therefore, we were required to adopt this standard effective March 1, 2018. We adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective method and applied it to all of our open customer contracts. The new standard did not materially affect our results of operations, financial position or cash flows, but resulted in immaterial changes to the timing of recognition of revenues for certain deferred revenues.

Since the modified retrospective method does not result in recasting of the prior year financial statements, ASC 606 requires us to provide additional disclosures for the amount by which each financial statement line item was affected by adoption of the standard, with an explanation of the reasons for significant changes.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of ASC 606 were as follows (in thousands):

	Balance at February 28, 2018			ASC 606 Adjustments			Balance at March 1, 2018
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	12,000			1,891		$	13,891
Deferred income tax assets		31,581			532			32,113
Other assets		18,829			3,145			21,974

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Deferred revenue	$	17,757			2,156			19,913
Other non-current liabilities		24,249			5,007			29,256

Stockholders' equity
Accumulated deficit	$	(19,459	)		(1,595	)		(21,054	)

In accordance with the requirements of ASC 606, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on our condensed consolidated balance sheet for the third quarter is as follows:

	As of November 30, 2018
	As reported			ASC 606 Adjustments			Without ASC 606 Adoption
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	13,733			(1,438	)	$	12,295
Deferred income tax assets		21,859			(532	)		21,327
Other assets		26,759			(3,278	)		23,481

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Deferred revenue	$	20,030			(1,661	)		18,369
Other non-current liabilities		36,195			(5,436	)		30,759

Stockholders' equity:
Accumulated deficit	$	(13,485	)		1,924			(11,561	)

The impact of adopting ASC 606 on our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended November 30, 2018 was immaterial.