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DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Feb. 28, 2015
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract]  
Description of Business

Description of Business

CalAmp Corp. (“CalAmp” or the “Company”) is a leading provider of wireless communications solutions for a broad array of applications to customers globally. The Company's business activities are organized into its Wireless DataCom and Satellite business segments.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company (a Delaware corporation) and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Areas where significant judgments are made include, but are not necessarily limited to, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, product warranties, deferred income tax asset valuation allowances, valuation of purchased intangible assets and other long-lived assets, stock-based compensation, and revenue recognition.

Fiscal Year

Fiscal Year

Effective at the end of fiscal 2015, the Company changed its fiscal year-end from a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the Saturday that falls the closest to February 28 to a fiscal year ending on the last day of February. Under the 52-53 week method, fiscal years 2014 and 2013 ended on March 1, 2014 and March 2, 2013, respectively. This change had no effect on fiscal 2015 because the last day of the year is February 28, 2015 under both the old and the new method. The consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2015 include operations from March 2, 2014 through February 28, 2015, a period of 52 weeks. Fiscal 2014 also consisted of 52 weeks, while fiscal year 2013 consisted of 53 weeks. In these consolidated financial statements, the fiscal year end for all years is shown as February 28 for clarity of presentation.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from product sales when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collection of the sales price is reasonably assured. Generally, these criteria are met at the time product is shipped, except for shipments made on the basis of “FOB Destination” terms, in which case title transfers to the customer and the revenue is recorded by the Company when the shipment reaches the customer. Customers generally do not have rights of return except for defective products returned during the warranty period. In the limited number of instances where customers have a right of return period, revenue is not recognized until the expiration of such period. The Company records estimated commitments related to customer incentive programs as reductions of revenues.

The Company provides Software as a Service (SaaS) subscriptions for its fleet management and vehicle finance applications in which customers are provided with the ability to wirelessly communicate with monitoring devices installed in vehicles and other mobile assets via software applications hosted by the Company. The Company defers the recognition of revenue for the monitoring device products that are sold with application subscriptions because the application services are essential to the functionality of the products, and accordingly, the associated product costs are recorded as deferred costs in the balance sheet. The deferred product revenue and deferred product cost amounts are amortized to application subscriptions revenue and cost of revenue on a straight-line basis over the minimum contractual service periods of one year to three years. Revenues from renewals of data communication services after the initial one year term are recognized as application subscriptions revenue when the services are provided. When customers prepay application subscription renewals, such amounts are recorded as deferred revenues and are recognized over the renewal term.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with remaining maturities at date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Concentrations of Risk

Concentrations of Risk

Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with financial institutions of reputable credit, and are therefore considered by management to bear minimal credit risk.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, marketable securities and trade receivables.

Because the Company sells into markets dominated by a few large service providers, a significant portion of consolidated revenues and consolidated accounts receivable relate to one customer of the Company's Satellite segment. This customer accounted for 14.9%, 20.7% and 22.1% of consolidated revenues in fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and 12.1% and 14.6% of consolidated net accounts receivable at February 28, 2015 and 2014, respectively. One customer of the Company's Wireless DataCom segment accounted for 14.7% of consolidated net accounts receivable at February 28, 2015.

A substantial portion of the Company's inventory is purchased from one supplier that functions as an independent foreign procurement agent and contract manufacturer. This supplier accounted for 59% and 65% of the Company's total inventory purchases in fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of February 28, 2015, this supplier accounted for 65% of the Company's total accounts payable.

Some of the Company's components, assemblies and electronic manufacturing services are purchased from sole source suppliers.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company establishes an allowance for estimated bad debts based upon a review and evaluation of specific customer accounts identified as having known or expected collection problems based on historical experience or due to insolvency, disputes or other collection issues.

Property, equipment and improvements

Property, equipment and improvements

Property, equipment and improvements are stated at the lower of cost or fair value determined through periodic impairment analyses. The Company follows the policy of capitalizing expenditures that increase asset lives, and expensing ordinary maintenance and repairs as incurred.

Depreciation and amortization are based upon the estimated useful lives of the related assets, with such amounts computed using the straight-line method. Plant equipment and office equipment are depreciated over useful lives ranging from two to five years, while tooling is depreciated over 18 months. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the improvements.

The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining internal-use software and software that are embedded in a product and sold as part of the product as a whole. These costs are included in Property, Equipment and Improvements in the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over useful lives ranging from three to seven years.

Operating Leases

Operating Leases

Rent expense under operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The difference between recognized rent expense and the rent payment amount is recorded as an increase or decrease in deferred rent liability.

The Company accounts for tenant allowances in lease agreements as a deferred rent credit, which is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as a reduction of rent expense.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is not amortized. Instead, goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company performs its goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year. The Company did not recognize any impairment charges related to goodwill during fiscal years 2015, 2014 and 2013.

The cost of definite-lived identified intangible assets is amortized over the assets' estimated useful lives ranging from two to seven years on a straight-line basis as no other discernible pattern of usage is more readily determinable.

Accounting for Long-Lived Assets

Accounting for Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews property and equipment and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the asset's carrying amount to the undiscounted future net cash flows an asset is expected to generate. If a long-lived asset or group of assets is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the discounted future cash flows that are projected to be generated by the asset or asset group.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly manner in an arms-length transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management's estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

In accordance with the fair value accounting requirements, companies may choose to measure eligible financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The Company has elected the fair value option for its investment in marketable securities on contract-by-contract basis at the time each contract is initially recognized in the financial statements or upon an event that gives rise to a new basis of accounting for the items.

Warranty

Warranty

The Company generally warrants its products against defects over periods ranging from 12 to 24 months. An accrual for estimated future costs relating to products returned under warranty is recorded as an expense when products are shipped. At the end of each fiscal quarter, the Company adjusts its liability for warranty claims based on its actual warranty claims experience as a percentage of revenues for the preceding one to two years and also considers the impact of the known operational issues that may have a greater impact than historical trends. The warranty reserve is included in Other Current Liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 12 for a table of annual increases in and reductions of the warranty reserve for the last three years.

Deferred Income Taxes

Deferred Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and for income tax purposes. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred income tax assets and a valuation allowance is provided, as necessary. In assessing this valuation allowance, the Company reviews historical and future expected operating results and other factors, including its recent cumulative earnings experience, expectations of future taxable income by taxing jurisdiction and the carryforward periods available for tax reporting purposes, to determine whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets are realizable. Pursuant to the evaluation conducted for fiscal 2013, the Company eliminated substantially all of the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets at the end of fiscal 2013, resulting in an income tax benefit of $29.2 million for that year.

Foreign Currency Translation and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Account

Foreign Currency Translation and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Account

The Company's Canadian subsidiary changed its functional currency from the Canadian dollar to the U.S. dollar effective at the end of fiscal 2010. The cumulative foreign currency translation loss of $65,000 that is included in accumulated other comprehensive loss will remain there for such time that the Canadian subsidiary continues to be part of the Company's consolidated financial statements.

The Company's New Zealand branch uses the U.S. dollar as its functional currency.

The aggregate foreign transaction exchange rate losses included in determining income before income taxes were $53,000, $62,000 and $43,000 in fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures stock-based compensation expense at the grant date, based on the fair value of the equity award, and recognizes the expense over the employee's requisite service (vesting) period using the straight-line method. The measurement of stock-based compensation expense is based on several criteria including, but not limited to, the type of equity award, the valuation model used and associated input factors, such as expected term of the award, stock price volatility, risk free interest rate and forfeiture rate. Certain of these inputs are subjective to some degree and are determined based in part on management's judgment. The Company recognizes the compensation expense on a straight-line basis for its graded-vesting awards. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. However, the cumulative compensation expense recognized in any period must at least equal the portion of the grant-date fair value associated with equity awards that are vested as of such period-end date. As used in this context, the term “forfeitures” is distinct from “cancellations” or “expirations”, and refers only to the unvested portion of the surrendered equity awards.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations, in the accounting for its acquisitions, which requires recognition of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values, separately from goodwill. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred and the net of the acquisition date fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as contingent consideration, where applicable, its estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period that exists up to 12 months from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the tangible and specifically identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, the impact of any subsequent adjustments is included in the consolidated statements of operations.

Costs to exit or restructure certain activities of an acquired company or the Company's internal operations are accounted for as a one-time termination and exit cost pursuant to ASC 420, “Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations”, and are accounted for separately from the business combination. A liability for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity is recognized and measured at its fair value in the Company's consolidated statement of operations in the period in which the liability is incurred.

Uncertain income tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances that are acquired in connection with a business combination are initially estimated as of the acquisition date. The Company reevaluates these items quarterly based upon facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, with any adjustments to the preliminary estimates being recorded to goodwill provided that such adjustments occur within the 12 month measurement period. Subsequent to the end of the measurement period or the Company's final determination of the value of the tax allowance or contingency, whichever comes first, changes to these uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances will affect the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, and could have a material impact on results of operations and financial position.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the financial statements of prior years have been reclassified to conform to the fiscal 2015 presentation, with no effect on net earnings.