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Fair Value Measurements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements

12. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

United determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established by ASC topic 820, which also clarifies that fair value of certain assets and liabilities is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.

The Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect United’s market assumptions.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy, based on these two types of inputs, are as follows:

 

Level 1

     -   Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2

     -   Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.

Level 3

     -   Valuation is based on prices, inputs and model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.

When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, United looks to active and observable markets to price identical assets or liabilities whenever possible and classifies such items in Level 1. When identical assets and liabilities are not traded in active markets, United looks to market observable data for similar assets and liabilities and classifies such items as Level 2. Nevertheless, certain assets and liabilities are not actively traded in observable markets and United must use alternative valuation techniques using unobservable inputs to determine a fair value and classifies such items as Level 3. For assets and liabilities that are not actively traded, the fair value measurement is based primarily upon estimates that require significant judgment. Therefore, the results may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability. Additionally, there are inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results of current or future values. The level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant in the fair value measurement.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

In accordance with ASC topic 820, the following describes the valuation techniques used by United to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:

Securities available for sale: Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Using a market approach valuation methodology, third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that considers observable market data (Level 2). Management internally reviews the fair values provided by third party vendors on a monthly basis. Management’s review consists of comparing fair values assigned by third party vendors to trades and offerings observed by management. The review requires some degree of judgment as to the number or percentage of securities to review on the part of management which could fluctuate based on results of past reviews and in comparison to current expectations. Exceptions that are deemed to be material are reviewed by management. Additionally, to assess the reliability of the information received from third party vendors, management obtains documentation from third party vendors related to the sources, methodologies, and inputs utilized in valuing securities classified as Level 2. Management analyzes this information to ensure the underlying assumptions appear reasonable. Management also obtains an independent service auditor’s report from third party vendors to provide reasonable assurance that appropriate controls are in place over the valuation process. Upon completing its review of the pricing from third party vendors at September 30, 2017, management determined that the prices provided by its third party pricing source were reasonable and in line with management’s expectations for the market values of these securities. Therefore, prices obtained from third party vendors that did not reflect forced liquidation or distressed sales were not adjusted by management at September 30, 2017. Management utilizes a number of factors to determine if a market is inactive, all of which may require a significant level of judgment. Factors that management considers include: a significant widening of the bid-ask spread, a considerable decline in the volume and level of trading activity in the instrument, a significant variance in prices among market participants, and a significant reduction in the level of observable inputs. Any securities available for sale not valued based upon quoted market prices or third party pricing models that consider observable market data are considered Level 3. Currently, United considers its valuation of available-for-sale Trup Cdos as Level 3. The Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic assumes that fair values of financial assets are determined in an orderly transaction and not a forced liquidation or distressed sale at the measurement date. Based on financial market conditions, United feels that the fair values obtained from its third party vendor reflect forced liquidation or distressed sales for these Trup Cdos due to decreased volume and trading activity. Additionally, management held discussions with institutional traders to identify trends in the number and type of transactions related to the Trup Cdos sector. Based upon management’s review of the market conditions for Trup Cdos, it was determined that an income approach valuation technique (present value technique) that maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs is more representative of fair value than the valuation technique used by United’s third party vendor. The present value technique discounts expected future cash flows of a security to arrive at a present value. Management considers the following items when calculating the appropriate discount rate: the implied rate of return when the market was last active, changes in the implied rate of return as markets moved from very active to inactive, recent changes in credit ratings, and recent activity showing that the market has built in increased liquidity and credit premiums. Management’s internal credit review of each security was also factored in to determine the appropriate discount rate. The credit review considered each security’s collateral, subordination, excess

spread, priority of claims, principal and interest. Discount margins used in the valuation at September 30, 2017 ranged from LIBOR plus 3.25% to LIBOR plus 6.00%. Management completed a sensitivity analysis on the fair value of its Trup Cdos. Given a comprehensive 200 basis point increase in the discount rates, the total fair value of these securities would decline by approximately 18%, or $5,741.

Loans held for sale: For residential mortgage loans sold in the mortgage banking segment, the loans closed are recorded at fair value which is measured using valuations from investors for loans with similar characteristics adjusted for the Company’s actual sales experience versus the investor’s indicated pricing. These valuations fall into the Level 3 category. The unobservable input is the Company’s historical sales prices. The range of historical sales prices increased the investor’s indicated pricing by a range of 0.27% to 0.40% with a weighted average increase of 0.36%.

Derivatives: United utilizes interest rate swaps to hedge exposure to interest rate risk and variability of cash flows associated to changes in the underlying interest rate of the hedged item. These hedging interest rate swaps are classified as either a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. United’s derivative portfolio also includes derivative financial instruments not included in hedge relationships. These derivatives consist of interest rate swaps used for interest rate management purposes and derivatives executed with commercial banking customers to facilitate their interest rate management strategies. United utilizes third-party vendors for derivative valuation purposes. These vendors determine the appropriate fair value based on a net present value calculation of the cash flows related to the interest rate swaps using primarily observable market inputs such as interest rate yield curves (Level 2). Valuation adjustments to derivative fair values for liquidity and credit risk are also taken into consideration, as well as the likelihood of default by United and derivative counterparties, the net counterparty exposure and the remaining maturities of the positions. Values obtained from third party vendors are typically not adjusted by management. Management internally reviews the derivative values provided by third party vendors on a quarterly basis. All derivative values are tested for reasonableness by management utilizing a net present value calculation.

For a fair value hedge, the fair value of the interest rate swap is recognized on the balance sheet as either a freestanding asset or liability with a corresponding adjustment to the hedged financial instrument. Subsequent adjustments due to changes in the fair value of a derivative that qualifies as a fair value hedge are offset in current period earnings either in interest income or interest expense depending on the nature of the hedged financial instrument. For a cash flow hedge, the fair value of the interest rate swap is recognized on the balance sheet as either a freestanding asset or liability with a corresponding adjustment to other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity, net of tax. Subsequent adjustments due to changes in the fair value of a derivative that qualifies as a cash flow hedge are offset to other comprehensive income, net of tax. The portion of a hedge that is ineffective is recognized immediately in earnings.

The Company records its interest rate lock commitments and forward loan sales commitments at fair value determined as the amount that would be required to settle each of these derivative financial instruments at the balance sheet date. In the normal course of business, George Mason enters into contractual interest rate lock commitments to extend credit to borrowers with fixed expiration dates. The commitments become effective when the borrowers “lock-in” a specified interest rate within the timeframes established by the mortgage companies. All borrowers are evaluated for credit worthiness prior to the extension of the commitment. Market risk arises if interest rates move adversely between the time of the interest rate lock by the borrower and the sale date of the loan to the investor. To mitigate the effect of the interest rate risk inherent in providing rate lock commitments to borrowers, George Mason enters into either a forward sales contract to sell loans to investors when using best efforts or a TBA mortgage-backed security under mandatory delivery. As TBA mortgage-backed securities are actively traded in an open market, TBA mortgage-backed securities fall into a Level 1 category. The forward sales contracts lock in an interest rate and price for the sale of loans similar to the specific rate lock commitments. Under the Company’s best efforts model, the rate lock commitments to borrowers and the forward sales contracts to investors through to the date the loan closes are undesignated derivatives and accordingly, are marked to fair value through earnings. These valuations fall into a Level 2 category. For residential mortgage loans sold in the mortgage banking segment, the interest rate lock commitments are recorded at fair value

which is measured using valuations from investors for loans with similar characteristics adjusted for the Company’s actual sales experience versus the investor’s indicated pricing. These valuations fall into the Level 3 category. The unobservable input is the Company’s historical sales prices. The range of historical sales prices increased the investor’s indicated pricing by a range of 0.27% to 0.40% with a weighted average increase of 0.36%.

For interest rate swap derivatives that are not designated in a hedge relationship, changes in the fair value of the derivatives are recognized in earnings in the same period as the change in the fair value. Unrealized gains and losses due to changes in the fair value of other derivative financial instruments not in hedge relationship are included in noninterest income and noninterest expense, respectively.

The following tables present the balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy.

 

            Fair Value at September 30, 2017 Using  

Description

   Balance as of
September 30,
2017
     Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
     Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
     Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 

Assets

           

Available for sale debt securities:

           

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies

   $ 115,866      $ 0      $ 115,866      $ 0  

State and political subdivisions

     305,141        0        305,141        0  

Residential mortgage-backed securities

           

Agency

     714,700        0        714,700        0  

Non-agency

     5,846        0        5,846        0  

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

           

Agency

     420,792        0        420,792        0  

Asset-backed securities

     13,429        0        13,429        0  

Trust preferred collateralized debt obligations

     31,659        0        0        31,659  

Single issue trust preferred securities

     12,467        0        12,467        0  

Other corporate securities

     19,254        0        19,254        0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total available for sale debt securities

     1,639,154        0        1,607,495        31,659  

Available for sale equity securities:

           

Financial services industry

     3,016        401        2,615        0  

Equity mutual funds (1)

     6,250        6,250        0        0  

Other equity securities

     1,214        1,214        0        0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total available for sale equity securities

     10,480        7,865        2,615        0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total available for sale securities

     1,649,634        7,865        1,610,110        31,659  

Loans held for sale

     311,186        0        0        311,186  

Derivative financial assets:

           

Interest rate swap contracts

     40        0        40        0  

Interest rate lock commitments

     7,027        0        0        7,027  

TBA mortgage-backed securities

     501        501        0        0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total derivative financial assets

     7,568        501        40        7,027  

Liabilities

           

Derivative financial liabilities:

           

Interest rate swap contracts

     480        0        480        0  

Forward sales commitments

     257        0        257        0  

Interest rate lock commitments

     291        0        291        0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total derivative financial liabilities

     1,028        0        1,028        0  

 

(1) The equity mutual funds are within a rabbi trust for the payment of benefits under a deferred compensation plan for certain key

officers of United and its subsidiaries.

 

          Fair Value at December 31, 2016 Using  

Description

  Balance as of
December 31,
2016
    Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
    Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
    Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 

Assets

       

Available for sale debt securities:

       

U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies

  $ 95,786     $ 0     $ 95,786     $ 0  

State and political subdivisions

    192,812       0       192,812       0  

Residential mortgage-backed securities

       

Agency

    584,096       0       584,096       0  

Non-agency

    7,043       0       7,043       0  

Asset-backed securities

    217       0       217       0  

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

       

Agency

    305,341       0       305,341       0  

Trust preferred collateralized debt obligations

    33,552       0       0       33,552  

Single issue trust preferred securities

    11,477       0       11,477       0  

Other corporate securities

    15,062       0       15,062       0  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total available for sale debt securities

    1,245,386       0       1,211,834       33,552  

Available for sale equity securities:

       

Financial services industry

    10,735       1,372       9,363       0  

Equity mutual funds (1)

    1,820       1,820       0       0  

Other equity securities

    1,273       1,273       0       0  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total available for sale equity securities

    13,828       4,465       9,363       0  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total available for sale securities

    1,259,214       4,465       1,221,197       33,552  

Derivative financial assets:

       

Interest rate swap contracts

    2,291       0       2,291       0  

Liabilities

       

Derivative financial liabilities:

       

Interest rate swap contracts

    2,605       0       2,605       0  

 

(1) The equity mutual funds are within a rabbi trust for the payment of benefits under a deferred compensation plan for certain key officers of United and its subsidiaries.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016.

The following table presents additional information about financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 on a recurring basis and for which United has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

 

     Available-for-sale
Securities
 
     Trust preferred
collateralized debt obligations
 
     September 30,
2017
    December 31,
2016
 

Balance, beginning of period

   $ 33,552     $ 34,686  

Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):

    

Included in earnings (or changes in net assets)

     9       0  

Included in other comprehensive income

     6,148       (1,134

Sales

     (8,050     0  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

   $ 31,659     $ 33,552  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at reporting date

   $ 0     $ 0  
     Loans held for sale  
     September 30,
2017
    December 31,
2016
 

Balance, beginning of period

   $ 0     $ 0  

Acquired in Cardinal merger

     271,301       0  

Originations

     1,644,943       0  

Sales

     (1,639,737     0  

Total gains or losses during the period recognized in earnings

     41,929       0  

Transfers in and/or out of Level 3

     (7,250     0  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

   $ 311,186     $ 0  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at reporting date

   $ 0     $ 0  

 

     Derivative Financial Assets
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
 
     September 30,
2017
    December 31,
2016
 

Balance, beginning of period

   $ 0     $ 0  

Acquired in Cardinal merger

     10,393       0  

Transfers other

     (3,366     0  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

   $ 7,027     $ 0  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at reporting date

   $ 0     $ 0  

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Fair Value Option

United elected the fair value option for the loans held for sale in its mortgage banking segment to mitigate a divergence between accounting losses and economic exposure.

The following table reflects the change in fair value included in earnings of financial instruments for which the fair value option has been elected:

 

Description

   Three Months  Ended
September 30, 2017
     Nine Months  Ended
September 30, 2017
 

Assets

     

Loans held for sale

     

Income from mortgage banking activities

   $ (5,090    $ (7,529

The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the remaining contractual principal outstanding for financial instruments for which the fair value option has been elected:

 

     September 30, 2017      December 31, 2016  

Description

   Unpaid
Principal
Balance
     Fair
Value
     Fair Value
Over/(Under)
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
     Unpaid
Principal
Balance
     Fair
Value
     Fair Value
Over/(Under)
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 

Assets

                 

Loans held for sale

   $ 303,953      $ 311,186      $ 7,233      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0  

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The following describes the valuation techniques used by United to measure certain financial assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements.

Loans held for sale: Loans held for sale within the community banking segment that are delivered on a best efforts basis are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data which is not materially different than cost due to the short duration between origination and sale (Level 2). As such, United records any fair value adjustments for these loans held for sale on a nonrecurring basis. No nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded on loans held for sale during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Gains and losses on sale of loans are recorded within income from mortgage banking activities on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Impaired Loans: Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected. Impairment is measured based upon the present value of expected future cash flows from the loan discounted at the loan’s effective rate and the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. Fair value is measured using a market approach based on the value of the collateral securing the loans. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using comparable property sales (Level 2). However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction or if an appraisal of the real estate property is over two years old, then the fair value is considered Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). For impaired loans, a specific reserve is established through the Allowance for Loan Losses, if necessary, by estimating the fair value of the underlying collateral on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for credit losses expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

OREO: OREO consists of real estate acquired in foreclosure or other settlement of loans. Such assets are carried on the balance sheet at the lower of the investment in the assets or the fair value of the assets less estimated selling costs. Fair value is determined by one of two market approach methods depending on whether the property has been vacated and an appraisal can be conducted. If the property has yet to be vacated and thus an appraisal cannot be performed, a Brokers Price Opinion (i.e. BPO), is obtained. A BPO represents a best estimate valuation performed by a realtor based on knowledge of current property values and a visual examination of the exterior condition of the property. Once the property is subsequently vacated, a formal appraisal is obtained and the recorded asset value appropriately adjusted. On the other hand, if the OREO property has been vacated and an appraisal can be conducted, the fair value of the property is determined based upon the appraisal using a market approach. An authorized independent appraiser conducts appraisals for United. Appraisals for property other than ongoing construction are based on consideration of comparable property sales (Level 2). In contrast, valuation of ongoing construction assets requires some degree of professional judgment. In conducting an appraisal for ongoing construction property, the appraiser develops two appraised amounts: an “as is” appraised value and a “completed” value. Based on professional judgment and their knowledge of the particular situation, management determines the appropriate fair value to be utilized for such property (Level 3). As a matter of policy, valuations are reviewed at least annually and appraisals are generally updated on a bi-annual basis with values lowered as necessary.

Intangible Assets: For United, intangible assets consist of goodwill and core deposit intangibles. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually or sooner if indicators of impairment exist. Goodwill impairment would be defined as the difference between the recorded value of goodwill (i.e. book value) and the implied fair value of goodwill. In determining the implied fair value of goodwill for purposes of evaluating goodwill impairment, United determines the fair value of the reporting unit using a market approach and compares the fair value to its carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, a step two test is performed whereby the implied fair value is computed by deducting the fair value of all tangible and intangible net assets from the fair value of the reporting unit. Core deposit intangibles relate to the estimated value of the deposit base of acquired institutions. Management reviews core deposit intangible assets on an annual basis, or sooner if indicators of impairment exist, and evaluates changes in facts and circumstances that may indicate impairment in the carrying value. Other than those intangible assets recorded in the acquisitions of Cardinal in the second quarter of 2017 and Bank of Georgetown in the second quarter of 2016, no other fair value measurement of intangible assets was made during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016.

The following table summarizes United’s financial assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period:

 

             Carrying value at September 30, 2017         

Description

   Balance as of
September 30,
2017
     Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
     Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
     Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
     YTD
Losses
 

Assets

              

Impaired Loans

   $ 105,900      $ 0      $ 74,852      $ 31,048      $ 9,045  

OREO

     26,826        0        26,743        83        2,904  
             Carrying value at December 31, 2016         

Description

   Balance as of
December 31,
2016
     Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
     Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
     Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
     YTD
Losses
 

Assets

              

Impaired Loans

   $ 80,505      $ 0      $ 27,609      $ 52,896      $ 5,119  

OREO

     31,510        0        31,510        0        2,086  

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The following methods and assumptions were used by United in estimating its fair value disclosures for other financial instruments:

Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximate those assets’ fair values.

Securities held to maturity and other securities: The estimated fair values of securities held to maturity are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that considers observable market data. Any securities held to maturity, not valued based upon the methods above, are valued based on a discounted cash flow methodology using appropriately adjusted discount rates reflecting nonperformance and liquidity risks. Other securities consist mainly of shares of Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock that do not have readily determinable fair values and are carried at cost.

Loans: The fair values of certain mortgage loans (e.g., one-to-four family residential), credit card loans, and other consumer loans are based on quoted market prices of similar loans sold in conjunction with securitization transactions, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics. The fair values of other loans (e.g., commercial real estate and rental property mortgage loans, commercial and industrial loans, financial institution loans and agricultural loans) are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar creditworthiness, which include adjustments for liquidity concerns. For acquired impaired loans, fair value is assumed to equal United’s carrying value, which represents the present value of expected future principal and interest cash flows, as adjusted for any Allowance for Loan Losses recorded for these loans.

Deposits: The fair values of demand deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest checking, regular savings and certain types of money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). The carrying amounts of variable-rate, fixed-term money market accounts and certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date. Fair values of fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

Short-term Borrowings: The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased, borrowings under repurchase agreements and any other short-term borrowings approximate their fair values.

Long-term Borrowings: The fair values of United’s Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings and trust preferred securities are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on United’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

 

Summary of Fair Values for All Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values of United’s financial instruments are summarized below:

 

                   Fair Value Measurements  
     Carrying
Amount
     Fair Value      Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
     Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
     Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 

September 30, 2017

              

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 1,747,037      $ 1,747,037      $ 0      $ 1,747,037      $ 0  

Securities available for sale

     1,649,634        1,649,634        7,865        1,610,110        31,659  

Securities held to maturity

     20,335        19,909        0        16,889        3,020  

Other securities

     166,756        158,418        0        0        158,418  

Loans held for sale

     315,031        315,031        0        3,845        311,186  

Loans

     13,065,542        12,550,352        0        0        12,550,352  

Derivative financial assets

     7,568        7,568        501        40        7,027  

Deposits

     13,875,297        13,859,205        0        13,859,205        0  

Short-term borrowings

     492,036        492,036        0        492,036        0  

Long-term borrowings

     1,364,246        1,328,753        0        1,328,753        0  

Derivative financial liabilities

     1,028        1,028        0        1,028        0  

December 31, 2016

              

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 1,434,527      $ 1,434,527      $ 0      $ 1,434,527      $ 0  

Securities available for sale

     1,259,214        1,259,214        4,465        1,221,197        33,552  

Securities held to maturity

     33,258        31,178        0        28,158        3,020  

Other securities

     111,166        105,608        0        0        105,608  

Loans held for sale

     8,445        8,445        0        8,445        0  

Loans

     10,268,366        10,122,486        0        0        10,122,486  

Derivative financial assets

     2,291        2,291        0        2,291        0  

Deposits

     10,796,867        10,785,294        0        10,785,294        0  

Short-term borrowings

     209,551        209,551        0        209,551        0  

Long-term borrowings

     1,172,026        1,142,782        0        1,142,782        0  

Derivative financial liabilities

     2,605        2,605        0        2,605        0