XML 19 R8.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.7.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Revenue recognition

 

The Company recognizes revenues when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue from the sale of the Company’s products is generally recognized when title and risk of loss transfers to the customer, the terms of which are generally free on board shipping point. The Company uses customer purchase orders to determine the existence of an arrangement. The Company uses shipping documents and third-party proof of delivery to verify that title has transferred. The Company assesses whether the price is fixed or determinable based upon the terms of the agreement associated with the transaction. To determine whether collection is probable, the Company assesses a number of factors, including past transaction history with the customer and the creditworthiness of the customer.

 

Consolidation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SpectraScience, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries LUMA, International and Spectra UK. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Risks and Uncertainties

 

The Company operates in an industry that is subject to intense competition, government regulation and rapid technological change. The Company’s operations are subject to significant risk and uncertainties, including financial, operational, technological, regulatory and other risks associated with a short history of product sales, including the potential risk of business failure.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The Company prepares its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and disclosures made in the accompanying notes to the financial statements. Significant estimates made by management include, among others, realization of long-lived assets including intangible assets, assumptions used to value stock options, assumptions used to value the common stock issued and assumptions related to the determination of the fair value of the derivative components associated with the Company’s Convertible Debentures. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Inventory Valuation

 

The Company states its inventory at the lower of cost or market value, determined on a specific cost basis. The Company provides inventory allowances when conditions indicate that the selling price could be less than cost due to obsolescence and reductions in estimated future demand. The Company balances the need to maintain strategic inventory levels with the risk of obsolescence due to changing technology and customer demand levels. Unfavorable changes in market conditions may result in a need for additional inventory reserves that could adversely impact the Company’s gross margins. Conversely, favorable changes in demand could result in higher gross margins when the Company sells products.

 

Valuation of Long-lived Assets

 

The Company’s long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and intangible assets. Equipment is carried at cost and is depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are generally two to three years, and leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. The straight-line method is used for depreciation and amortization. Intangible assets consist of patents, which are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the patents. The Company does not capitalize external legal costs and filing fees associated with obtaining patents on its new discoveries. Acquired intellectual property is recorded at cost and is amortized over its estimated useful life. The Company believes the useful lives assigned to these assets are reasonable. The Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. These computations utilize judgments and assumptions inherent in management’s estimate of future cash flows to determine recoverability of these assets. If management’s assumptions about these assets were to change as a result of events or circumstances, the Company may be required to record an impairment loss.

 

Variable Conversion Rate Debentures

 

Starting in 2015, the Company entered into convertible debentures with floating exercise prices discounted to market prices. As a result, a significant number of shares were either issued or may be issued at deeply discounted variable conversion prices. The downward pressure placed on the Company’s stock as a result of these conversions can be classified as “death spirals” since the investors have no incentive to maintain a stable stock price. The Company accounts for these debentures as derivative liabilities which means the debentures are revalued at the end of each period and gains and losses are recognized at the issuance of the debentures and on the conversion of the debentures.

 

Over Commitment of Shares

 

Since the number of shares issuable under convertible debentures with floating exercise prices is undeterminable, the Company may be required to issue shares in excess of the number of shares authorized by its shareholders. As a result, when the Company determines that is does not have sufficient shares to meet the obligations of derivative unexercised debentures, warrants and options, the derivatives must be valued using the Black Scholes option pricing model and a liability is recorded as though the obligations would be settled using some means other than stock.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values on the grant date. The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option pricing model (the “Black Scholes Model”). The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods using the straight-line method. The Company estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises its estimate in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

 

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees (“ASC 505-50”). Under ASC 505-50, the Company determines the fair value of the warrants or stock-based compensation awards.

 

granted as either the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable.

 

All issuances of stock options or other equity instruments to employees and non-employees as the consideration for goods or services received by the Company are accounted for based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued. Any stock options issued to non-employees are recorded in expense and additional paid-in capital in shareholders’ equity over the applicable service periods using variable accounting through the vesting dates based on the fair value of the options at the end of each reporting period.

 

As of June 30, 2017, the Company had one stock-based employee compensation plan under which it makes grants, the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “EIP”). The EIP provides for the grant of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), nonqualified stock options (“NQSOs”) and restricted stock awards to full-time employees (who may also be directors) and NQSOs and restricted stock awards to non-employee directors, consultants, customers, vendors or providers of services. The exercise price of any ISO may not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant and the term shall not exceed ten years. The amount reserved under the 2011 EIP is 40,000,000 shares of common stock. At June 30, 2017, the Company had options outstanding exercisable into up to 34,168,800 shares of stock under the EIP of which up to 28,058,674 shares were exercisable. Awards under the Company’s EIP generally vest over four years.

 

The fair value of options granted are estimated at the date of grant using a Black Scholes Model which includes several variables including expected life, risk free interest rate, expected stock price volatility, stock option exercise patterns and expected dividend yield. The Company also must estimate forfeitures for employee stock options. There were no stock options granted during the six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

 

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

 

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Common equivalent shares are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive.

 

For the six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the following common equivalent shares were excluded from the computation of loss per share since their effects are anti-dilutive.

 

    June 30, 2017     June 30, 2016  
             
Preferred Stock     3,085,000       3,085,000  
Convertible debentures     4,594,144,575       247,559,219  
Options     34,168,800       34,168,800  
Warrants     114,750,650       132,875,170  
 Total     4,746,149,025       417,688,189  

 

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:

 

    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2017     2016     2017     2016  
                         
Numerator:                                
Net loss for basic earnings per share   $ (1,251,207 )   $ (88,182 )   $ (2,254,983 )   $ (2,144,516 )
Net loss for diluted earnings per share   $ (1,251,207 )   $ (88,182 )   $ (2,254,983 )   $ (2,144,516 )
                                 
Denominator:                                
Weighted average basic shares outstanding     1,490,570,290       668,866,352       1,291,451,398       640,797,803  
Denominator for diluted earnings per share-                                
Adjusted weighted average shares     1,490,570,290       668,866,352       1,291,451,398       640,797,803  
                                 
Loss per share                                
 Basic   $ (0.00 )   $ (0.00 )   $ (0.00 )   $ (0.00 )
 Diluted   $ (0.00 )   $ (0.00 )   $ (0.00 )   $ (0.00 )

 

Inventory

 

Inventory consisted of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

 

    June 30, 2017     December 31, 2016  
             
Raw materials   $ 256,163     $ 256,163  
Finished goods     37,697       30,868  
      293,860       287,031  
Reserve for obsolescence     -       -  
      293,860       287,031  
Less long-term portion     196,437       196,437  
    $ 97,423     $ 90,594  

 

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company purchased the inventory of Oncoscope, Inc. from the Trustee of Ondoscope’s bankruptcy proceeding for a total of $40,000. This amount, net of amounts sold of $2,100, has been included in raw materials.

 

Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements

 

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), an updated standard on revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 provides enhancements to the quality and consistency of how revenue is reported by companies while also improving comparability in the financial statements of companies reporting using International Financial Reporting Standards or GAAP. The main purpose of the new standard is for companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which a company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard also will result in enhanced disclosures about revenue, provide guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively and improve guidance for multiple-element arrangements. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the effective date of the new revenue standard for periods beginning after December 15, 2016 to December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted but not earlier than the original effective date. Accordingly, the updated standard is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company is currently expecting to use the modified retrospective method to adopt this standard and is continuing to assess all of the potential impacts of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, although we do not expect the implementation to have a material impact.

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases (with the exception of short term leases) at the commencement date. Lessor accounting under ASU 2016-02 is largely unchanged. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Under ASU 2016-02, lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The ASU will be effective for the Company starting on January 1, 2019. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact of the application of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. We expect to recognize right of use assets and lease liabilities.

 

In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The update intends to enhance the reporting model for financial instruments to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information and addresses certain aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The new standard affects all entities that hold financial assets or owe financial liabilities. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Management is evaluating the impact of the adoption of these changes will have on the consolidated financial statements.

 

Reclassifications

 

Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2016 financial statements in order for them to conform to the 2017 presentation. Such reclassifications have no impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.