EX-2 3 exhb172bylawssec050201.htm B.17.2 Standard By-Laws

Exhibit B.17.2








BY-LAWS

OF

SELECT ENERGY CONTRACTING, INC.





As Amended and Restated

February 1, 2005






BY-LAWS

OF

SELECT ENERGY CONTRACTING, INC.


TABLE OF CONTENTS


ARTICLE I  SHAREHOLDERS


Section 1.  Annual Meeting


Section 2.  Special Meetings


Section 3.  Place of Meetings


Section 5.  Waiver of Notice


Section 6.  Quorum


Section 7.  Voting and Proxies


Section 8.  Action at Meeting


Section 9.  Action without Meeting by Written Consent


Section 10.  Record Date


Section 11.  Meetings by Remote Communications


Section 12.  Form of Shareholder Action



ARTICLE II  DIRECTORS


Section 1.  Powers


Section 2.  Number and Election


Section 3.  Vacancies


Section 4.  Change in Size of the Board of Directors


Section 5.  Tenure


Section 6.  Resignation


Section 7.  Removal


Section 8.  Regular Meetings


Section 9.  Special Meetings


Section 10.  Notice


Section 11.  Waiver of Notice


Section 12.  Quorum


Section 13.  Action at Meeting


Section 14.  Action Without Meeting


Section 15.  Telephone Conference Meetings


Section 16.  Committees


Section 17.  Compensation


Section 18.  Standard of Conduct for Directors





ARTICLE III  MANNER OF NOTICE TO SHAREHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS



ARTICLE IV  OFFICERS


Section 1.  Enumeration


Section 2.  Appointment


Section 3.  Qualification


Section 4.  Tenure


Section 5.  Resignation


Section 6.  Removal


Section 7.  President


Section 9.  Treasurer


Section 10.  Secretary


Section 11.  Standards Of Conduct For Officers



ARTICLE V  PROVISIONS RELATING TO SHARES


Section 1.  Issuance and Consideration



ARTICLE VI  CORPORATE RECORDS



ARTICLE VII  INDEMNIFICATION


Section 1.  Definitions


Section 2.  Indemnification of Directors and Officers


Section 3.  Advance for Expenses


Section 4.  Determination of Indemnification


Section 5.  Notification and Defense of Claim; Settlements


Section 6.  Insurance


Section 7.  Application of this Article



ARTICLE VIII  FISCAL YEAR



ARTICLE IX  AMENDMENTS




ARTICLE I

SHAREHOLDERS

Section 1.  Annual Meeting.  Select Energy Contracting, Inc. (the
”Corporation”) shall hold an annual meeting of shareholders at a time fixed by the Directors. The purposes for which the annual meeting is to be held, in addition to those prescribed by the Articles of Organization, shall be for electing directors and for such other purposes as shall be specified in the notice for the meeting, and only business within such purposes may be conducted at the meeting. In the event an annual meeting is not held at the time fixed in accordance with these Bylaws or the time for an annual meeting is not fixed in accordance with these Bylaws to be held within 13 months after the last annual meeting was held, the Corporation may designate a special meeting held thereafter as a special meeting in lieu of the annual meeting, and the meeting shall have all of the effect of an annual meeting.

Section 2.  Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the shareholders may be called by the President or by the Directors, and shall be called by the Secretary, or in case of the death, absence, incapacity or refusal of the Secretary, by another officer, if the holders of at least 10 per cent, or such lesser percentage as the Articles of Organization permit, of all the votes entitled to be cast on any issue to be considered at the proposed special meeting sign, date, and deliver to the Secretary one or more written demands for the meeting describing the purpose for which it is to be held. Only business within the purpose or purposes described in the meeting notice may be conducted at a special shareholders' meeting.

Section 3.  Place of Meetings.  All meetings of shareholders shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation unless a different place, within or without the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is specified in the notice of the meeting or the meeting is held solely by means of remote communication in accordance with Section 11 of this Article.

Section 4.  Requirement of Notice.  A written notice of the date, time, and place of each annual and special shareholders' meeting describing the purposes of the meeting shall be given by the Secretary of the Corporation or any other person designated by the Board of Directors to shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting (and, to the extent required by law or the Articles of Organization, to shareholders not entitled to vote at the meeting) no fewer than seven nor more than 60 days before the meeting date. If an annual or special meeting of shareholders is adjourned to a different date, time or place, notice need not be given of the new date, time or place if the new date, time or place, if any, is announced at the meeting before adjournment. If a new record date for the adjourned meeting is  fixed, however, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given under this Section to persons who are shareholders as of the new record date.  All notices to shareholders shall conform to the requirements of Article III.

Section 5.  Waiver of Notice.  A shareholder may waive any notice required by law, the Articles of Organization, or these Bylaws before or after the date and time stated in the notice. The waiver shall be in writing, be signed by the shareholder entitled to the notice, and be delivered to the Corporation for inclusion with the records of the meeting. A shareholder's attendance at a meeting: (a) waives objection to lack of notice or defective notice of the meeting, unless the shareholder at the beginning of the meeting objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting; and (b) waives objection to consideration of a particular matter at the meeting that is not within the purpose or purposes described in the meeting notice, unless the shareholder objects to considering the matter when it is presented.

Section 6.  Quorum.

(a)  

Unless otherwise provided by law, or in the Articles of Organization, these Bylaws or a resolution of the Directors requiring satisfaction of a greater quorum requirement for any voting group, a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter by a voting group constitutes a quorum of that voting group for action on that matter.  As used in these Bylaws, a voting group includes all shares of one or more classes or series that, under the Articles of Organization or the Massachusetts Business Corporation Act, as in effect from time to time (the “MBCA”), are entitled to vote and to be counted together collectively on a matter at a meeting of shareholders.

(b)  

A share once represented for any purpose at a meeting is deemed present for quorum purposes for the remainder of the meeting and for any adjournment of that meeting unless (1) the shareholder attends solely to object to lack of notice, defective notice or the conduct of the meeting on other grounds and does not vote the shares or otherwise consent that they are to be deemed present, or (2) in the case of an adjournment, a new record date is or shall be set for that adjourned meeting.

Section 7.  Voting and Proxies.  Unless the Articles of Organization provide otherwise, each outstanding share, regardless of class, is entitled to one vote on each matter voted on at a shareholders' meeting. A shareholder may vote his or her shares in person or may appoint a proxy to vote or otherwise act for him or her by signing an appointment form, either personally or by his or her attorney-in-fact.  An appointment of a proxy is effective when received by the Secretary or other officer or agent authorized to tabulate votes. Unless otherwise provided in the appointment form, an appointment is valid for a period of 11 months from the date the shareholder signed the form or, if it is undated, from the date of its receipt by the officer or agent. An appointment of a proxy is revocable by the shareholder unless the appointment form conspicuously states that it is irrevocable and the appointment is coupled with an interest, as defined in the MBCA. An appointment made irrevocable is revoked when the interest with which it is coupled is extinguished. The death or incapacity of the shareholder appointing a proxy shall not affect the right of the Corporation to accept the proxy's authority unless notice of the death or incapacity is received by the Secretary or other officer or agent authorized to tabulate votes before the proxy exercises his or her authority under the appointment.  A transferee for value of shares subject to an irrevocable appointment may revoke the appointment if he or she did not know of its existence when he or she acquired the shares and the existence of the irrevocable appointment was not noted conspicuously on the certificate representing the shares or on the information statement for shares without certificates.  Subject to the provisions of Section 7.24 of the MBCA and to any express limitation on the proxy's authority appearing on the face of the appointment form, the Corporation is entitled to accept the proxy's vote or other action as that of the shareholder making the appointment.

Section 8.  Action at Meeting.  If a quorum of a voting group exists, favorable action on a matter, other than the election of Directors, is taken by a voting group if the votes cast within the group favoring the action exceed the votes cast opposing the action, unless a greater number of affirmative votes is required by law, or the Articles of Organization, these Bylaws or a resolution of the Board of Directors requiring receipt of a greater affirmative vote of the shareholders, including more separate voting groups. Directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the shares entitled to vote in the election at a meeting at which a quorum is present.  No ballot shall be required for such election unless requested by a shareholder present or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote in the election.

Section 9.  Action without Meeting by Written Consent.  

(a)

Action taken at a shareholders' meeting may be taken without a meeting if the action is taken either: (1) by all shareholders entitled to vote on the action; or (2) to the extent permitted by the Articles of Organization, by shareholders having not less than the minimum number of votes necessary to take the action at a meeting at which all shareholders entitled to vote on the action are present and voting. The action shall be evidenced by one or more written consents that describe the action taken, are signed by shareholders having the requisite votes, bear the date of the signatures of such shareholders, and are delivered to the Corporation for inclusion with the records of meetings within 60 days of the earliest dated consent delivered to the Corporation as required by this Section. A consent signed under this Section has the effect of a vote at a meeting.

(b)

If action is to be taken pursuant to the consent of voting shareholders without a meeting, the Corporation, at least seven days before the action pursuant to the consent is taken, shall give notice, which complies in form with the requirements of Article III, of the action (1) to nonvoting shareholders in any case where such notice would be required by law if the action were to be taken pursuant to a vote by voting shareholders at a meeting, and (2) if the action is to be taken pursuant to the consent of less than all the shareholders entitled to vote on the matter, to all shareholders entitled to vote who did not consent to the action. The notice shall contain, or be accompanied by, the same material that would have been required by law to be sent to shareholders in or with the notice of a meeting at which the action would have been submitted to the shareholders for approval.

Section 10.  Record Date.  The Directors may fix the record date in order to determine the shareholders entitled to notice of a shareholders' meeting, to demand a special meeting, to vote, or to take any other action. If a record date for a specific action is not fixed by the Board of Directors, and is not supplied by law, the record date shall be the close of business either on the day before the first notice is sent to shareholders, or, if no notice is sent, on the day before the meeting or, in the case of action without a meeting by written consent, the date the first shareholder signs the consent.  A record date fixed under this Section may not be more than 70 days before the meeting or action requiring a determination of shareholders. A determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a shareholders' meeting is effective for any adjournment of the meeting unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date, which it shall do if the meeting is adjourned to a date more than 120 days after the date fixed for the original meeting.

Section 11.  Meetings by Remote Communications.  Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Organization, if authorized by the Directors: any annual or special meeting of shareholders need not be held at any place but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication; and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt, shareholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of shareholders may, by means of remote communications: (a) participate in a meeting of shareholders; and (b) be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of shareholders whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that: (1) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a shareholder or proxyholder; (2) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such shareholders and proxyholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the shareholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings; and (3) if any shareholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation.

Section 12.  Form of Shareholder Action.  

(a)

Any vote, consent, waiver, proxy appointment or other action by a shareholder or by the proxy or other agent of any shareholder  shall be considered given in writing, dated and signed,  if, in lieu of any other means permitted by law, it consists of an electronic transmission that sets forth or is delivered with information from which the Corporation can determine (i) that the electronic transmission was transmitted by the shareholder, proxy or agent or by a person authorized to act for the shareholder, proxy or agent; and (ii) the date on which such shareholder, proxy, agent or authorized person transmitted the electronic transmission. The date on which the electronic transmission is transmitted shall be considered to be the date on which it was signed. The electronic transmission shall be considered received by the Corporation if it has been sent to any address specified by the Corporation for the purpose or, if no address has been specified, to the principal office of the Corporation, addressed to the Secretary or other officer or agent having custody of the records of proceedings of shareholders.

(b)

Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a vote, consent, waiver, proxy appointment or other action by a shareholder or by the proxy or other agent of any shareholder may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any purpose for which the original writing could be used, but the copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing.


ARTICLE II

DIRECTORS

Section 1.  Powers.  All corporate power shall be exercised by or under the authority of, and the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of, its Board of Directors.

Section 2.  Number and Election.  The Board of Directors shall consist of one or more individuals, with the number fixed by the shareholders at the annual meeting or by the Board of Directors, but, unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Organization, if the Corporation has more than one shareholder, the number of Directors shall not be less than three, except that whenever there shall be only two shareholders, the number of Directors shall not be less than two and whenever there shall be only one shareholder, the number of Directors may be not less than one.  Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws or the Articles of Organization, the Directors shall be elected by the shareholders at the annual meeting.

Section 3.  Vacancies.  If a vacancy occurs on the Board of Directors, including a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of Directors: (a) the shareholders may fill the vacancy; (b) the Board of Directors may fill the vacancy; or (c) if the Directors remaining in office constitute fewer than a quorum of the Board, they may fill the vacancy by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the Directors remaining in office.  A vacancy that will occur at a specific later date may be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new Director may not take office until the vacancy occurs.

Section 4.  Change in Size of the Board of Directors.  The number of Directors may be fixed or changed from time to time by the shareholders or the Board of Directors, and the Board of Directors may increase or decrease the number of Directors last approved by the shareholders.

Section 5.  Tenure.  The terms of all Directors shall expire at the next annual shareholders' meeting following their election.  A decrease in the number of Directors does not shorten an incumbent Director's term. The term of a Director elected to fill a vacancy shall expire at the next shareholders' meeting at which Directors are elected.  Despite the expiration of a Director's term, he or she shall continue to serve until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until there is a decrease in the number of Directors.

Section 6.  Resignation.  A Director may resign at any time by delivering written notice of resignation to the Board of Directors, its chairman, or to the Corporation.  A resignation is effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.

Section 7.  Removal.  The shareholders may remove one or more Directors with or without cause.  A Director may be removed for cause by the Directors by vote of a majority of the Directors then in office. A Director may be removed by the shareholders or the Directors only at a meeting called for the purpose of removing him or her, and the meeting notice must state that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is removal of the Director.

Section 8.  Regular Meetings.  Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at such times and places as shall from time to time be fixed by the Board of Directors.

Section 9.  Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the President, by the Secretary or by one or more Directors in the event that there is less than three Directors.

Section 10.  Notice.  Special meetings of the Board must be preceded by at least two days' notice of the date, time and place of the meeting. The notice need not describe the purpose of the special meeting.  All notices to directors shall conform to the requirements of Article III.

Section 11.  Waiver of Notice.  A Director may waive any notice before or after the date and time of the meeting.  The waiver shall be in writing, signed by the Director entitled to the notice, or in the form of an electronic transmission by the Director to the Corporation, and filed with the minutes or corporate records.  A Director's attendance at or participation in a meeting waives any required notice to him or her of the meeting unless the Director at the beginning of the meeting, or promptly upon his or her arrival, objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting and does not thereafter vote for or assent to action taken at the meeting.

Section 12.  Quorum.  A quorum of the Board of Directors consists of one-third (1/3) of the number of directors fixed pursuant to Section 2 of this Article II, provided always that any number of Directors (whether one or more and whether or not constituting a quorum) constituting a majority of Directors present at any meeting or at any adjourned meeting may make any reasonable adjournment thereof.

Section 13.  Action at Meeting.  If a quorum is present when a vote is taken, the affirmative vote of a majority of Directors present is the act of the Board of Directors. A Director who is present at a meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors when corporate action is taken is considered to have assented to the action taken unless: (a) he or she objects at the beginning of the meeting, or promptly upon his or her arrival, to holding it or transacting business at the meeting; (b) his or her dissent or abstention from the action taken is entered in the minutes of the meeting; or (c) he or she delivers written notice of his or her dissent or abstention to the presiding officer of the meeting before its adjournment or to the Corporation immediately after adjournment of the meeting. The right of dissent or abstention is not available to a Director who votes in favor of the action taken.

Section 14.  Action Without Meeting.  Any action required or permitted to be taken by the Directors may be taken without a meeting if the action is taken by the unanimous consent of the members of the Board of Directors. The action must be evidenced by one or more consents describing the action taken, in writing, signed by each Director, or delivered to the Corporation by electronic transmission, to the address specified by the Corporation for the purpose or, if no address has been specified, to the principal office of the Corporation, addressed to the Secretary or other officer or agent having custody of the records of proceedings of Directors, and included in the minutes or filed with the corporate records reflecting the action taken.  Action taken under this Section is effective when the last Director signs or delivers the consent, unless the consent specifies a different effective date.  A consent signed or delivered under this Section has the effect of a meeting vote and may be described as such in any document.

Section 15.  Telephone Conference Meetings.  The Board of Directors may permit any or all Directors to participate in a regular or special meeting by, or conduct the meeting through the use of, any means of communication by which all Directors participating may simultaneously hear each other during the meeting. A Director participating in a meeting by this means is considered to be present in person at the meeting.

Section 16.  Committees.  The Board of Directors may create one or more committees and appoint members of the Board of Directors to serve on them. Each committee may have one or more members, who serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.  The creation of a committee and appointment of members to it must be approved by a majority of all the Directors in office when the action is taken.  Article III and Sections 10 through 15 of this Article shall apply to committees and their members.  To the extent specified by the Board of Directors, each committee may exercise the authority of the Board of Directors. A committee may not, however: (a) authorize distributions; (b) approve or propose to shareholders action that the MBCA requires be approved by shareholders; (c) change the number of the Board of Directors, remove Directors from office or fill vacancies on the Board of Directors; (d) amend the Articles of Organization; (e) adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws; or (f) authorize or approve reacquisition of shares, except according to a formula or method prescribed by the Board of Directors.  The creation of, delegation of authority to, or action by a committee does not alone constitute compliance by a Director with the standards of conduct described in Section 18 of this Article.

Section 17.  Compensation.  The Board of Directors may fix the compensation of Directors.

Section 18.  Standard of Conduct for Directors.

(a)

A Director shall discharge his or her duties as a Director, including his or her duties as a member of a committee: (1) in good faith; (2) with the care that a person in a like position would reasonably believe appropriate under similar circumstances; and (3) in a manner the Director reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the Corporation. In determining what the Director reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the Corporation, a Director may consider the interests of the Corporation's employees, suppliers, creditors and customers, the economy of the state, the region and the nation, community and societal considerations, and the long-term and short-term interests of the Corporation and its shareholders, including the possibility that these interests may be best served by the continued independence of the Corporation.

(b)

In discharging his or her duties, a Director who does not have knowledge that makes reliance unwarranted is entitled to rely on information, opinions, reports, or statements, including financial statements and other financial data, if prepared or presented by: (1) one or more officers or employees of the Corporation whom the Director reasonably believes to be reliable and competent with respect to the information, opinions, reports or statements presented; (2) legal counsel, public accountants, or other persons retained by the Corporation, as to matters involving skills or expertise the Director reasonably believes are matters (i) within the particular person's professional or expert competence or (ii) as to which the particular person merits confidence; or (3) a committee of the Board of Directors of which the Director is not a member if the Director reasonably believes the committee merits confidence.

(c)

A Director is not liable for any action taken as a Director, or any failure to take any action, if he or she performed the duties of his or her office in compliance with this Section.


ARTICLE III

MANNER OF NOTICE

All notices hereunder shall conform to the following requirements:

(a)

Notice shall be in writing unless oral notice is reasonable under the circumstances. Notice by electronic transmission is written notice.

(b)

Notice may be communicated in person; by telephone, voice mail, telegraph, teletype, or other electronic means; by mail; by electronic transmission; or by messenger or delivery service. If these forms of personal notice are impracticable, notice may be communicated by a newspaper of general circulation in the area where published; or by radio, television, or other form of public broadcast communication.

(c)

Written notice, other than notice by electronic transmission, if in a comprehensible form, is effective upon deposit in the United States mail, if mailed postpaid and correctly addressed to the shareholder's address shown in the Corporation's current record of shareholders.

(d)

Written notice by electronic transmission, if in comprehensible form, is effective: (1) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number furnished by the shareholder for the purpose; (2) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address furnished by the shareholder for the purpose;  (3) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the shareholder of such specific posting, directed to an electronic mail address furnished by the shareholder for the purpose, upon the later of (i) such posting and (ii) the giving of such separate notice; and (4) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the shareholder in such manner as the shareholder shall have specified to the Corporation.  An affidavit of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

(e)

Except as provided in subsection (c), written notice, other than notice by electronic transmission, if in a comprehensible form, is effective at the earliest of the following: (1) when received; (2) five days after its deposit in the United States mail, if mailed postpaid and correctly addressed; (3) on the date shown on the return receipt, if sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested; or if sent by messenger or delivery service, on the date shown on the return receipt signed by or on behalf of the addressee; or (4) on the date of publication if notice by publication is permitted.

(f)

Oral notice is effective when communicated if communicated in a comprehensible manner.

ARTICLE IV

OFFICERS

Section 1.  Enumeration.  The Corporation shall have a President, a Treasurer, a Secretary and such other officers as may be appointed by the Board of Directors from time to time in accordance with these Bylaws.  The Board may appoint one of its members to the office of Chairman of the Board and from time to time define the powers and duties of that office notwithstanding any other provisions of these Bylaws.

Section 2.  Appointment.  The officers shall be appointed by the Board of Directors.  A duly appointed officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the Board of Directors.  Each officer has the authority and shall perform the duties set forth in these Bylaws or, to the extent consistent with these Bylaws, the duties prescribed by the Board of Directors or by direction of an officer authorized by the Board of Directors to prescribe the duties of other officers.

Section 3.  Qualification.  The same individual may simultaneously hold more than one office in the Corporation.

Section 4.  Tenure.  Officers shall hold office until the first meeting of the Directors following the next annual meeting of shareholders after their appointment and until their respective successors are duly appointed, unless a shorter or longer term is specified in the vote appointing them.

Section 5.  Resignation.  An officer may resign at any time by delivering notice of the resignation to the Corporation. A resignation is effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date. If a resignation is made effective at a later date and the Corporation accepts the future effective date, the Board of Directors may fill the pending vacancy before the effective date if the Board of Directors provides that the successor shall not take office until the effective date. An officer's resignation shall not affect the Corporation's contract rights, if any, with the officer.

Section 6.  Removal.  The Board of Directors may remove any officer at any time with or without cause. The appointment of an officer shall not itself create contract rights.  An officer's removal shall not affect the officer's contract rights, if any, with the Corporation.

Section 7.  President.  The President when present shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and, if there is no Chairman of the Board of Directors, of the Directors. He or she shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation except as the Board of Directors may otherwise provide.  The President shall perform such duties and have such powers additional to the foregoing as the Directors shall designate.

Section 8.  Treasurer.  The Treasurer shall, subject to the direction of the Directors, have general charge of the financial affairs of the Corporation and shall cause to be kept accurate books of accounts. He or she shall have custody of all funds, securities, and valuable documents of the Corporation, except as the Directors may otherwise provide. The Treasurer shall perform such duties and have such powers additional to the foregoing as the Directors may designate.

Section 9.  Secretary.  The Secretary shall have responsibility for preparing minutes of the Directors' and shareholders' meetings and for authenticating records of the Corporation. The Secretary shall perform such duties and have such powers additional to the foregoing as the Directors shall designate.

Section 10.  Standards Of Conduct For Officers.  An officer shall discharge his or her duties: (a) in good faith;  (b) with the care that a person in a like position would reasonably exercise under similar circumstances; and (c) in a manner the officer reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the Corporation.  In discharging his or her duties, an officer, who does not have knowledge that makes reliance unwarranted, is entitled to rely on information, opinions, reports, or statements, including financial statements and other financial data, if prepared or presented by: (1) one or more officers or employees of the Corporation whom the officer reasonably believes to be reliable and competent with respect to the information, opinions, reports or statements presented; or (2) legal counsel, public accountants, or other persons retained by the Corporation as to matters involving skills or expertise the officer reasonably believes are matters (i) within the particular person's professional or expert competence or (ii) as to which the particular person merits confidence. An officer shall not be liable to the Corporation or its shareholders for any decision to take or not to take any action taken, or any failure to take any action, as an officer, if the duties of the officer are performed in compliance with this Section.


ARTICLE V

PROVISIONS RELATING TO SHARES

Section 1.  Issuance and Consideration.  The Board of Directors may issue the number of shares of each class or series authorized by the Articles of Organization.  The Board of Directors may authorize shares to be issued for consideration consisting of any tangible or intangible property or benefit to the Corporation, including cash, promissory notes, services performed, contracts for services to be performed, or other securities of the Corporation.  Before the Corporation issues shares, the Board of Directors shall determine that the consideration received or to be received for shares to be issued is adequate. The Board of Directors shall determine the terms upon which the rights, options, or warrants for the purchase of shares or other securities of the Corporation are issued and the terms, including the consideration, for which the shares or other securities are to be issued.


ARTICLE VI

CORPORATE RECORDS

 (a)

The Corporation shall keep as permanent records minutes of all meetings of its shareholders and Board of Directors, a record of all actions taken by the shareholders or Board of Directors without a meeting, and a record of all actions taken by a committee of the Board of Directors in place of the Board of Directors on behalf of the Corporation.  The Corporation shall maintain appropriate accounting records.  The Corporation or its agent shall maintain a record of its shareholders, in a form that permits preparation of a list of the names and addresses of all shareholders, in alphabetical order by class of shares showing the number and class of shares held by each.  The Corporation shall maintain its records in written form or in another form capable of conversion into written form within a reasonable time.

(b)

The Corporation shall keep within The Commonwealth of Massachusetts a copy of the following records at its principal office or an office of its transfer agent or of its Secretary or Assistant Secretary or of its registered agent:

(i)

its Articles or Restated Articles of Organization and all amendments to them currently in effect;

(ii)

its Bylaws or restated Bylaws and all amendments to them currently in effect;

(iii)

resolutions adopted by its Board of Directors creating one or more classes or series of shares, and fixing their relative rights, preferences, and limitations, if shares issued pursuant to those resolutions are outstanding;

(iv)

the minutes of all shareholders' meetings, and records of all action taken by shareholders without a meeting, for the past three years;

(v)

all written communications to shareholders generally within the past three years, including the financial statements furnished under Section 16.20 of the MBCA for the past three years;

(vi)

a list of the names and business addresses of its current Directors and officers; and

(vii)

its most recent annual report delivered to the Massachusetts Secretary of State.


ARTICLE VII

INDEMNIFICATION

Section 1.  Definitions.  In this Article the following words shall have the following meanings unless the context requires otherwise:

"Corporation", includes any domestic or foreign predecessor entity of the Corporation in a merger.

"Director" or "officer", an individual who is or was a Director or officer, respectively, of the Corporation or who, while a Director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the Corporation's request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, or agent of another domestic or foreign corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or other entity. A Director or officer is considered to be serving an employee benefit plan at the Corporation's request if his or her duties to the Corporation also impose duties on, or otherwise involve services by, him or her to the plan or to participants in or beneficiaries of the plan. "Director" or "officer" includes, unless the context requires otherwise, the estate or personal representative of a Director or officer.

"Disinterested Director", a Director who, at the time of a vote or selection referred to in Section 4 of this Article, is not (i) a party to the proceeding, or (ii) an individual having a familial, financial, professional, or employment relationship with the Director whose indemnification or advance for expenses is the subject of the decision being made, which relationship would, in the circumstances, reasonably be expected to exert an influence on the Director's judgment when voting on the decision being made.

"Expenses", includes counsel fees.

"Liability", the obligation to pay a judgment, settlement, penalty, fine including an excise tax assessed with respect to an employee benefit plan, or reasonable expenses incurred with respect to a proceeding.

"Party", an individual who was, is, or is threatened to be made, a defendant or respondent in a proceeding.

"Proceeding", any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative, or investigative and whether formal or informal.

Section 2.  Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

(a)

Except as otherwise provided in this Section, the Corporation shall indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law an individual who is a party to a proceeding because he or she is a Director or officer against liability incurred in the proceeding if: (1) (i) he or she conducted himself or herself in good faith; and (ii) he or she reasonably believed that his or her conduct was in the best interests of the Corporation or that his or her conduct was at least not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; and (iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, he or she had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful; or (2) he or she engaged in conduct for which he or she shall not be liable under a provision of the Articles of Organization authorized by Section 2.02(b)(4) of the MBCA or any successor provision to such Section.

(b)

A Director's or officer’s conduct with respect to an employee benefit plan for a purpose he or she reasonably believed to be in the interests of the participants in, and the beneficiaries of, the plan is conduct that satisfies the requirement that his or her conduct was at least not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation.

(c)

The termination of a proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, is not, of itself, determinative that the Director or officer did not meet the relevant standard of conduct described in this Section.

(d)

Unless ordered by a court, the Corporation may not indemnify a Director or officer under this Section if his or her conduct did not satisfy the standards set forth in subsection (a) or subsection (b).

Section 3.  Advance for Expenses.  The Corporation shall, before final disposition of a proceeding, advance funds to pay for or reimburse the reasonable expenses incurred by a Director or officer who is a party to a proceeding because he or she is a Director or officer if he or she delivers to the Corporation:

(a)

a written affirmation of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the relevant standard of conduct described in Section 2 of this Article or that the proceeding involves conduct for which liability has been eliminated under a provision of the Articles of Organization as authorized by Section 2.02(b)(4) of the MBCA or any successor provision to such Section; and

(b)

his or her written undertaking to repay any funds advanced if he or she is not wholly successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of such proceeding and it is ultimately determined pursuant to Section 4 of this Article or by a court of competent jurisdiction that he or she has not met the relevant standard of conduct described in Section 2 of this Article.  Such undertaking must be an unlimited general obligation of the Director or officer but need not be secured and shall be accepted without reference to the financial ability of the Director or officer to make repayment.

Section 4.  Determination of Indemnification.  The determination of whether a Director officer has met the relevant standard of conduct set forth in Section 2 of this Article shall be made:

(a)

if there are two or more disinterested Directors, by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of all the disinterested Directors, a majority of whom shall for such purpose constitute a quorum, or by a majority of the members of a committee of two or more disinterested Directors appointed by vote;

(b)

by special legal counsel (1) selected in the manner prescribed in clause (a); or (2) if there are fewer than two disinterested Directors, selected by the Board of Directors, in which selection Directors who do not qualify as disinterested Directors may participate; or

(c)

by the shareholders, but shares owned by or voted under the control of a Director who at the time does not qualify as a disinterested Director may not be voted on the determination.

Section 5.  Notification and Defense of Claim; Settlements.

(a)

In addition to and without limiting the foregoing provisions of this Article and except to the extent otherwise required by law, it shall be a condition of the Corporation’s obligation to indemnify under Section 2 of this Article (in addition to any other condition provide in these Bylaws or by law) that the person asserting, or proposing to assert, the right to be indemnified, must notify the Corporation in writing as soon as practicable of any action, suit, proceeding or investigation involving such person for which indemnity will or could be sought, but the failure to so notify shall not affect the Corporation’s objection to indemnify except to the extent the Corporation is adversely affected thereby.  With respect to any proceeding of which the Corporation is so notified, the Corporation will be entitled to participate therein at its own expense and/or to assume the defense thereof at its own expense, with legal counsel reasonably acceptable to such person.  After notice from the Corporation to such person of its election so to assume such defense, the Corporation shall not be liable to such person for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit, proceeding or investigation other than as provided below in this subsection (a).  Such person shall have the right to employ his or her own counsel in connection with such action, suit, proceeding or investigation, but the fees and expenses of such counsel incurred after notice from the Corporation of its assumption of the defense thereof shall be at the expense of such person unless (1) the employment of counsel by such person has been authorized by the Corporation, (2) counsel to such person shall have reasonably concluded that there may be a conflict of interest or position on any significant issue between the Corporation and such person in the conduct of the defense of such action, suit, proceeding or investigation or (3) the Corporation shall not in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of such action, suit, proceeding or investigation, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel for such person shall be at the expense of the Corporation, except as otherwise expressly provided by this Article.  The Corporation shall not be entitled, without the consent of such person, to assume the defense of any claim brought by or in the right of the Corporation or as to which counsel for such person shall have reasonably made the conclusion provided for in clause (2) above.  

(b)  

The Corporation shall not be required to indemnify such person under this Article for any amounts paid in settlement of any proceeding unless authorized in the same manner as the determination that indemnification is permissible under Section 4 of this Article, except that if there are fewer than two disinterested Directors, authorization of indemnification shall be made by the Board of Directors, in which authorization Directors who do not qualify as disinterested Directors may participate. The Corporation shall not settle any action, suit, proceeding or investigation in any manner which would impose any penalty or limitation on such person without such person’s written consent.  Neither the Corporation nor such person will unreasonably withhold their consent to any proposed settlement.

Section 6.  Insurance.  The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of an individual who is a Director or officer of the Corporation, or who, while a Director or officer of the Corporation, serves at the Corporation's request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, or agent of another domestic or foreign corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or other entity, against liability asserted against or incurred by him or her in that capacity or arising from his or her status as a Director or officer, whether or not the Corporation would have power to indemnify or advance expenses to him or her against the same liability under this Article.

Section 7.  Application of this Article.

(a)

The Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify or advance expenses to a Director or officer of a predecessor of the Corporation, pertaining to conduct with respect to the predecessor, unless otherwise specifically provided.

(b)

This Article shall not limit the Corporation's power to (1) pay or reimburse expenses incurred by a Director or an officer in connection with his or her appearance as a witness in a proceeding at a time when he or she is not a party or (2) indemnify, advance expenses to or provide or maintain insurance on behalf of an employee or agent.

(c)

The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article shall not be considered exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled.

(d)

Each person who is or becomes a Director or officer shall be deemed to have served or to have continued to serve in such capacity in reliance upon the indemnity provided for in this Article.  All rights to indemnification under this Article shall be deemed to be provided by a contract between the Corporation and the person who serves as a Director or officer of the Corporation at any time while these Bylaws and the relevant provisions of the MBCA are in effect.  Any repeal or modification thereof shall not affect any rights or obligations then existing.

(e)

If the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts are hereafter amended from time to time to increase the scope of permitted indemnification, indemnification hereunder shall be provided to the fullest extent permitted or required by any such amendment.


ARTICLE VIII

FISCAL YEAR

The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be the year ending with December 31 in each year.


ARTICLE IX

AMENDMENTS

(a)

The power to make, amend or repeal these Bylaws shall be in the shareholders. If authorized by the Articles of Organization, the Board of Directors may also make, amend or repeal these Bylaws in whole or in part, except with respect to any provision thereof which by virtue of an express provision in the MBCA, the Articles of Organization, or these Bylaws, requires action by the shareholders.

(b)

Not later than the time of giving notice of the meeting of shareholders next following the making, amending or repealing by the Board of Directors of any By-Law, notice stating the substance of the action taken by the Board of Directors shall be given to all shareholders entitled to vote on amending the Bylaws. Any action taken by the Board of Directors with respect to the Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the shareholders.

(c)

Approval of an amendment to the Bylaws that changes or deletes a quorum or voting requirement for action by shareholders must satisfy both the applicable quorum and voting requirements for action by shareholders with respect to amendment of these Bylaws and also the particular quorum and voting requirements sought to be changed or deleted.

(d)

A By-Law dealing with quorum or voting requirements for shareholders, including additional voting groups, may not be adopted, amended or repealed by the Board of Directors.

(e)

A By-Law that fixes a greater or lesser quorum requirement for action by the Board of Directors, or a greater voting requirement, than provided for by the MBCA may be amended or repealed by the shareholders, or by the Board of Directors if authorized pursuant to subsection (a).

(f)

If the Board of Directors is authorized to amend the Bylaws, approval by the Board of Directors of an amendment to the Bylaws that changes or deletes a quorum or voting requirement for action by the Board of Directors must satisfy both the applicable quorum and voting requirements for action by the Board of Directors with respect to amendment of the Bylaws, and also the particular quorum and voting requirements sought to be changed or deleted.






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