Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH are subject to environmental laws and regulations intended to mitigate or remove the effect of past operations and improve or maintain the quality of the environment. These laws and regulations require the removal or the remedy of the effect on the environment of the disposal or release of certain specified hazardous substances at current and former operating sites. Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH have an active environmental auditing and training program and each believes it is substantially in compliance with all enacted laws and regulations.

Environmental reserves are accrued when assessments indicate it is probable that a liability has been incurred and an amount can be reasonably estimated. The approach used estimates the liability based on the most likely action plan from a variety of available remediation options, including no action required or several different remedies ranging from establishing institutional controls to full site remediation and monitoring. These liabilities are estimated on an undiscounted basis and do not assume that the amounts are recoverable from insurance companies or other third parties. The environmental reserves include sites at different stages of discovery and remediation and do not include any unasserted claims.

These reserve estimates are subjective in nature as they take into consideration several different remediation options at each specific site. The reliability and precision of these estimates can be affected by several factors, including new information concerning either the level of contamination at the site, the extent of Eversource's, CL&P's, NSTAR Electric's and PSNH's responsibility for remediation or the extent of remediation required, recently enacted laws and regulations or changes in cost estimates due to certain economic factors. It is possible that new information or future developments could require a reassessment of the potential exposure to required environmental remediation. As this information becomes available, management will continue to assess the potential exposure and adjust the reserves accordingly.

The amounts recorded as environmental reserves are included in Other Current Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities on the balance sheets and represent management's best estimate of the liability for environmental costs, and take into consideration site assessment, remediation and long-term monitoring costs. The environmental reserves also take into account recurring costs of managing hazardous substances and pollutants, mandated expenditures to remediate contaminated sites and any other infrequent and non-recurring clean-up costs. A reconciliation of the activity in the environmental reserves is as follows:



(Millions of Dollars)	Eversource			CL&P			NSTAR Electric			PSNH
Balance as of January 1, 2018	$	54.9		$	4.7		$	2.7		$	5.7
Additions	23.5			1.9			9.7			—
Payments/Reductions	(13.7		)	(1.2		)	(1.5		)	(0.3		)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	64.7			5.4			10.9			5.4
Additions	26.5			7.0			0.5			2.8
Payments/Reductions	(10.2		)	(1.0		)	(3.4		)	(0.7		)
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	81.0		$	11.4		$	8.0		$	7.5

Included in the number of sites and reserve amounts above are former MGP sites that were operated several decades ago and manufactured natural gas from coal and other processes, which resulted in certain by-products remaining in the environment that may pose a potential risk to human health and the environment, for which Eversource may have potential liability. The reserve balances related to these former MGP sites were $67.9 million and $50.1 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and related primarily to the natural gas business segment.

As of December 31, 2019, for 6 environmental sites (1 for CL&P) that are included in the Company's reserve for environmental costs, the information known and the nature of the remediation options allow for the Company to estimate the range of losses for environmental costs. As of December 31, 2019, $35.9 million (including $0.4 million for CL&P) had been accrued as a liability for these sites, which represents the low end of the range of the liabilities for environmental costs. Management believes that additional losses of up to approximately $35 million ($0.5 million at CL&P) may be incurred in executing current remediation plans for these sites.

As of December 31, 2019, for 15 environmental sites (7 for CL&P and 4 for NSTAR Electric) that are included in the Company's reserve for environmental costs, management cannot reasonably estimate the exposure to loss in excess of the reserve, or range of loss, as these sites are under investigation and/or there is significant uncertainty as to what remedial actions, if any, the Company may be required to undertake. As of December 31, 2019, $7.4 million (including $2.3 million for CL&P and $1.9 million for NSTAR Electric) had been accrued as a liability for these sites. As of December 31, 2019, for the remaining 36 environmental sites (including 7 for CL&P, 11 for NSTAR Electric and 9 for PSNH) that are included in the Company's reserve for environmental costs, the $37.7 million accrual (including $8.7 million for CL&P, $6.1 million for NSTAR Electric and $7.5 million for PSNH) represents management's best estimate of the probable liability and no additional loss is anticipated at this time.



Eversource
(Millions of Dollars)	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter		Total
Renewable Energy	$	614.6	$	594.3	$	651.7	$	629.1	$	624.8	$	3,590.6	$	6,705.1
Purchased Power and Capacity	73.5		69.0		75.1		81.6		75.9		71.5		446.6
Peaker CfDs	22.4		23.0		16.9		20.1		15.5		29.8		127.7
Natural Gas Procurement	266.2		255.3		202.8		166.7		165.7		1,093.3		2,150.0
Transmission Support Commitments	22.1		—		—		—		—		—		22.1
Total	$	998.8	$	941.6	$	946.5	$	897.5	$	881.9	$	4,785.2	$	9,451.5



CL&P
(Millions of Dollars)	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter		Total
Renewable Energy	$	457.3	$	459.6	$	514.4	$	516.2	517.4		2,790.6		$	5,255.5
Purchased Power and Capacity	69.8		65.3		71.4		78.0		72.9		55.5		412.9
Peaker CfDs	22.4		23.0		16.9		20.1		15.5		29.8		127.7
Transmission Support Commitments	8.7		—		—		—		—		—		8.7
Total	$	558.2	$	547.9	$	602.7	$	614.3	$	605.8	$	2,875.9	$	5,804.8



NSTAR Electric
(Millions of Dollars)	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter		Total
Renewable Energy	$	95.5	$	91.2	$	91.4	$	66.6	$	63.8	$	418.1	$	826.6
Purchased Power and Capacity	3.1		3.1		3.1		3.0		3.0		16.0		31.3
Transmission Support Commitments	8.7		—		—		—		—		—		8.7
Total	$	107.3	$	94.3	$	94.5	$	69.6	$	66.8	$	434.1	$	866.6



PSNH
(Millions of Dollars)	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter		Total
Renewable Energy	$	61.8	$	43.5	$	45.9	$	46.3	$	43.6	$	381.9	$	623.0
Purchased Power and Capacity	0.6		0.6		0.6		0.6		—		—		2.4
Transmission Support Commitments	4.7		—		—		—		—		—		4.7
Total	$	67.1	$	44.1	$	46.5	$	46.9	$	43.6	$	381.9	$	630.1

Renewable Energy: Renewable energy contracts include non-cancellable commitments under contracts of CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH for the purchase of energy and capacity from renewable energy facilities. Such contracts extend through 2039 for CL&P, 2040 for NSTAR Electric and 2033 for PSNH.

On December 28, 2018, under Public Act 17-3, "An Act Concerning Zero Carbon Procurement," DEEP selected the Millstone Nuclear Power Station generation facility and Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant, along with smaller generation facilities, in DEEP’s zero-carbon request for proposal. CL&P and UI were directed by DEEP to enter into ten-year contracts to purchase a combined total of approximately 9 million MWh annually from the Millstone generation facility. On March 15, 2019, CL&P and UI each signed a ten-year contract with the owner of Millstone Nuclear Power Station in order to purchase a combined amount of approximately 50 percent of the facility's output (approximately 40 percent by CL&P). The Millstone Nuclear Power Station has a 2,112 MW nameplate capacity. PURA approved the contracts on September 18, 2019. Energy deliveries and payments under these contracts began in the fourth quarter of 2019.

CL&P and UI were also directed by DEEP to enter into eight-year contracts to purchase a combined amount of approximately 18 percent of the facility's output (approximately 15 percent by CL&P), from the Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant beginning January 1, 2022. The Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant has an approximate 1,250 MW nameplate capacity. On November 22, 2019, CL&P and UI each signed an eight-year contract with the owner of the Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant. PURA approved the contracts on November 27, 2019.

The total estimated cost of the Millstone Nuclear Power Station and Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant energy purchase contracts are $4.1 billion and are reflected in the table above. CL&P sells the energy purchased under these contracts into the market and uses the proceeds from these energy sales to offset the contract costs. As the net costs under these contracts are recovered from customers in future rates, the contracts do not have an impact on the net income of CL&P. These new contracts do not meet the definition of a derivative, and accordingly, the costs of these contracts are being accounted for as incurred.

The contractual obligations table above does not include long-term commitments signed by CL&P and NSTAR Electric, as required by the PURA and DPU, respectively, for the purchase of renewable energy and related products that are contingent on the future construction of energy facilities.

CL&P, along with UI, has three capacity CfDs for a total of approximately 676 MW of capacity consisting of two generation units and one demand response project. The capacity CfDs extend through 2026 and obligate both CL&P and UI to make or receive payments on a monthly basis to or from the generation facilities based on the difference between a set contractual capacity price and the capacity market prices received by the generation facilities in the ISO-NE capacity markets. CL&P has a sharing agreement with UI, whereby UI shares 20 percent of the costs and benefits of these contracts. CL&P's portion of the costs and benefits of these contracts will be paid by, or refunded to, CL&P's customers.

Peaker CfDs: CL&P, along with UI, has three peaker CfDs for a total of approximately 500 MW of peaking capacity through 2042. CL&P has a sharing agreement with UI, whereby CL&P is responsible for 80 percent and UI for 20 percent of the net costs or benefits of these CfDs. The Peaker CfDs pay the generation facility owner the difference between capacity, forward reserve and energy market revenues and a cost-of-service payment stream for 30 years. The ultimate cost or benefit to CL&P under these contracts will depend on the costs of plant operation and the prices that the projects receive for capacity and other products in the ISO-NE markets. CL&P's portion of the amounts paid or received under the Peaker CfDs will be recoverable from, or refunded to, CL&P's customers.

Transmission Support Commitments: Along with other New England utilities, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH entered into agreements in 1985 to support transmission and terminal facilities that were built to import electricity from the Hydro-Québec system in Canada. CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH are obligated to pay, over a 30-year period ending in 2020, their proportionate shares of the annual operation and maintenance expenses and capital costs of those facilities. Future transmission support agreements beginning in the second half of 2020 are under negotiation.



Eversource	For the Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of Dollars)	2019		2018		2017
Renewable Energy	$	320.8	$	218.5	$	235.5
Purchased Power and Capacity	62.1		72.0		103.9
Peaker CfDs	13.0		20.9		38.7
Natural Gas Procurement	448.5		432.4		377.0
Transmission Support Commitments	21.8		23.4		19.8
Coal, Wood and Other ⁽¹⁾	—		—		47.7



	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2019						2018						2017
(Millions of Dollars)	CL&P		NSTAR Electric		PSNH		CL&P		NSTAR Electric		PSNH		CL&P		NSTAR Electric		PSNH
Renewable Energy	$	160.6	$	89.9	$	70.3	$	63.2	$	89.8	$	65.5	$	51.0	$	123.7	$	60.8
Purchased Power and Capacity	50.4		5.1		6.6		49.4		4.4		18.2		81.0		4.0		18.9
Peaker CfDs	13.0		—		—		20.9		—		—		38.7		—		—
Transmission Support Commitments	8.6		8.6		4.6		9.2		9.2		5.0		7.8		7.8		4.2
Coal, Wood and Other ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		47.7

CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH have plant closure and fuel storage cost obligations to the Yankee Companies, which have each completed the physical decommissioning of their respective nuclear power facilities and are now engaged in the long-term storage of their spent fuel. The Yankee Companies fund these costs through litigation proceeds received from the DOE and, to the extent necessary, through wholesale, FERC-approved rates charged under power purchase agreements with several New England utilities, including CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH. CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH, in turn recover these costs from their customers through state regulatory commission-approved retail rates. The Yankee Companies collect amounts that management believes are adequate to recover the remaining plant closure and fuel storage cost estimates for the respective plants. Management believes CL&P and NSTAR Electric will recover their shares of these obligations from their customers. PSNH has recovered its total share of these costs from its customers.

The Yankee Companies have filed complaints against the DOE in the Court of Federal Claims seeking monetary damages resulting from the DOE's failure to accept delivery of, and provide for a permanent facility to store, spent nuclear fuel pursuant to the terms of the 1983 spent fuel and high-level waste disposal contracts between the Yankee Companies and the DOE. The court previously awarded the Yankee Companies damages for Phases I, II and III of litigation resulting from the DOE's failure to meet its contractual obligations. These Phases covered damages incurred in the years 1998 through 2012, and the awarded damages have been received by the Yankee Companies with certain amounts of the damages refunded to their customers.

Claims. The Yankee Companies sought monetary damages totaling $104.4 million for CYAPC, YAEC and MYAPC, resulting from the DOE's failure to begin accepting spent nuclear fuel for disposal covering the years from 2013 to 2016 (“DOE Phase IV”). On February 21, 2019, the Yankee Companies received a partial summary judgment and partial final judgment in their favor for the undisputed amount of monetary damages of $103.2 million. The court awarded CYAPC, YAEC, and MYAPC damages of $40.7 million, $28.1 million and $34.4 million, respectively. The DOE did not appeal the court's judgment and the decision became final on April 23, 2019. On June 12, 2019, each of the Yankee Companies received the damages proceeds. On June 12, 2019, the court accepted an offer of judgment in the amount of $0.5 million to settle the disputed amount of approximately $1 million in Phase IV contested damages. The Yankee Companies received the $0.5 million payment in July 2019. CYAPC's and YAEC's proceeds received were classified as operating activities on the Eversource consolidated statement of cash flows.

In the normal course of business, Eversource parent provides credit assurances on behalf of its subsidiaries, including CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH, in the form of guarantees. Management does not anticipate a material impact to net income or cash flows as a result of these various guarantees and indemnifications. The following table summarizes Eversource parent's exposure to guarantees and indemnifications of its subsidiaries and affiliates to external parties as of December 31, 2019:



Company	Description	Maximum Exposure (in millions)		Expiration Dates
Various	Surety Bonds⁽¹⁾	$	29.2	2020 - 2021
Rocky River Realty Company and Eversource Service	Lease Payments for Real Estate	6.5		2024
Bay State Wind LLC	Real Estate Purchase	2.5		2020
Sunrise Wind LLC	Offshore Wind ⁽²⁾	2.2		—

Eversource parent issued a guaranty on behalf of its subsidiary, NPT, under which, beginning at the time the Northern Pass Transmission line would go into commercial operation, Eversource parent would guarantee the financial obligations of NPT under the TSA with HQ in an amount not to exceed $25 million. Eversource parent's obligations under the guaranty expire upon the full, final and indefeasible payment of the guaranteed obligations. In the second quarter of 2019, Eversource concluded that construction of the NPT project was no longer probable. For further information regarding the impairment of NPT, see Note 1D, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Impairment of Northern Pass Transmission," to the financial statements. While this guaranty is currently outstanding, it is expected to be extinguished in connection with the final dissolution of NPT.

Four separate complaints were filed at the FERC by combinations of New England state attorneys general, state regulatory commissions, consumer advocates, consumer groups, municipal parties and other parties (collectively, the Complainants). In each of the first three complaints, filed on October 1, 2011, December 27, 2012, and July 31, 2014, respectively, the Complainants challenged the NETOs' base ROE of 11.14 percent that had been utilized since 2005 and sought an order to reduce it prospectively from the date of the final FERC order and for the separate 15-month complaint periods. In the fourth complaint, filed April 29, 2016, the Complainants challenged the NETOs' base ROE billed of 10.57 percent and the maximum ROE for transmission incentive (incentive cap) of 11.74 percent, asserting that these ROEs were unjust and unreasonable.

The ROE originally billed during the period October 1, 2011 (beginning of the first complaint period) through October 15, 2014 consisted of a base ROE of 11.14 percent and incentives up to 13.1 percent. On October 16, 2014, the FERC set the base ROE at 10.57 percent and the incentive cap at 11.74 percent for the first complaint period. This was also effective for all prospective billings to customers beginning October 16, 2014. This FERC order was vacated on April 14, 2017 by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (the Court).

All amounts associated with the first complaint period have been refunded, which totaled $38.9 million (pre-tax and excluding interest) at Eversource and reflected both the base ROE and incentive cap prescribed by the FERC order. The refund consisted of $22.4 million for CL&P, $13.7 million for NSTAR Electric and $2.8 million for PSNH.

Eversource has recorded a reserve of $39.1 million (pre-tax and excluding interest) for the second complaint period as of December 31, 2019. This reserve represents the difference between the billed rates during the second complaint period and a 10.57 percent base ROE and 11.74 percent incentive cap. The reserve consisted of $21.4 million for CL&P, $14.6 million for NSTAR Electric and $3.1 million for PSNH as of December 31, 2019.

On October 16, 2018, FERC issued an order on all four complaints describing how it intends to address the issues that were remanded by the Court. FERC proposed a new framework to determine (1) whether an existing ROE is unjust and unreasonable and, if so, (2) how to calculate a replacement ROE. Initial briefs were filed by the NETOs, Complainants and FERC Trial Staff on January 11, 2019 and reply briefs were filed on March 8, 2019. The NETOs' brief was supportive of the overall ROE methodology determined in the October 16, 2018 order provided the FERC does not change the proposed methodology or alter its implementation in a manner that has a material impact on the results.

The FERC order included illustrative calculations for the first complaint using FERC's proposed frameworks with financial data from that complaint. Those illustrative calculations indicated that for the first complaint period, for the NETOs, which FERC concludes are of average financial risk, the preliminary just and reasonable base ROE is 10.41 percent and the preliminary incentive cap on total ROE is 13.08 percent.

If the results of the illustrative calculations were included in a final FERC order for each of the complaint periods, then a 10.41 percent base ROE and a 13.08 percent incentive cap would not have a significant impact on our financial statements for all of the complaint periods. These preliminary calculations are not binding and do not represent what we believe to be the most likely outcome of a final FERC order.

On November 21, 2019, FERC issued an order concerning the transmission ROEs for the Midcontinent ISO transmission owners (MISO). In that order, FERC adopted another new methodology for determining base ROEs for MISO, which differed significantly from the methodology and framework set forth in its October 16, 2018 FERC order on the NETOs’ ROE dockets. On December 23, 2019, the NETOs filed a Supplemental Paper Hearing Brief and a Motion to supplement the record in the NETO ROE dockets to respond to the new methodology proposed in the MISO order, as there is uncertainty to whether it may be applied to the NETOs’ cases. On January 21, 2020, the FERC issued an order granting rehearing for further consideration to give the FERC more time to act on the substantive issues of the MISO ROE proceedings. Further changes to the methodology by FERC are possible as a result of the arguments in both the MISO and NETO proceedings. Given the significant uncertainty relating to the October 2018 FERC order, the November 2019 FERC order to MISO, and the FERC's rehearing of the MISO order, the Company is unable to predict the potential effect of the MISO order on the NETO complaints or the outcome of the four complaints and concluded that there is

On July 15, 2016, the United States Attorney on behalf of the United States Army Corps of Engineers filed a civil action in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts under provisions of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 and the Clean Water Act against NSTAR Electric, HEEC, and the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (together with NSTAR Electric and HEEC, the Defendants). The action alleged that the Defendants failed to comply with certain permitting requirements related to the placement of the HEEC-owned electric distribution cable beneath Boston Harbor. The action sought an order to compel HEEC to comply with cable depth requirements in the United States Army Corps of Engineers' permit or alternatively to remove the electric distribution cable and cease unauthorized work in U.S. waterways. The action also sought civil penalties and other costs.

The parties reached a settlement pursuant to which HEEC agreed to install a new 115kV distribution cable across Boston Harbor to Deer Island, utilizing a different route, and remove portions of the existing cable. Upon the installation and completion of the new cable and the removal of the portions of the existing cable, all issues surrounding the current permit from the United States Army Corps of Engineers are expected to be resolved, and such litigation is expected to be dismissed with prejudice. Construction of the new distribution cable was completed in August 2019 and removal of the portions of the existing cable was completed in January 2020.

NSTAR Electric agreed to provide a rate base credit of $17.5 million to the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority for the new cable. This negotiated credit resulted in the initial $17.5 million of construction costs on the new cable being expensed as incurred, all of which was fully expensed in 2018. In connection with the new cable that was placed into service, a corresponding ARO was recognized for approximately $32 million within Other Long-Term Liabilities on the Eversource and NSTAR Electric balance sheets as of December 31, 2019. For further information on the ARO, see Note 7, "Asset Retirement Obligations," to the financial statements.

Eversource, including CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH, are involved in legal, tax and regulatory proceedings regarding matters arising in the ordinary course of business, which involve management's assessment to determine the probability of whether a loss will occur and, if probable, its best estimate of probable loss. The Company records and discloses losses when these losses are probable and reasonably estimable, and discloses matters when losses are probable but not estimable or when losses are reasonably possible. Legal costs related to the defense of loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.