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Allowance For Credit Losses
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
Allowance For Credit Losses Allowance for Credit Losses
 
The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses, by portfolio loan classification, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands).  The allocation of a portion of the allowance in one portfolio segment does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other portfolio segments.
Beginning BalanceImpact of Adopting ASU 2022-02PCD Loan ReservesCharge-offsRecoveriesProvision for (recovery of) credit lossesEnding Balance
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial$4,474 $ $ $(306)$25 $82 $4,275 
   1-4 Family1,402   (31)11 12 1,394 
   Hotels2,211     46 2,257 
   Multi-family1,002     (3)999 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied4,077     (65)4,012 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied2,453     (32)2,421 
Commercial real estate11,145   (31)11 (42)11,083 
Residential real estate5,398   (19)49 (291)5,137 
Home equity490   (27)9 35 507 
Consumer269   (115)98 174 426 
DDA overdrafts969   (356)407 (138)882 
$22,745 $ $ $(854)$599 $(180)$22,310 
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial$3,565 $12 $— $— $83 $626 $4,286 
  1-4 Family566 (1)— (3)14 37 613 
  Hotels2,332 — — — — (148)2,184 
  Multi-family380 — 500 — — 147 1,027 
  Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied2,019 — 1,536 — 144 1,225 4,924 
  Non Residential Owner Occupied1,315 — 775 — — 347 2,437 
Commercial real estate6,612 (1)2,811 (3)158 1,608 11,185 
Residential real estate5,430 (138)— (32)10 214 5,484 
Home equity290 (46)— (67)219 400 
Consumer110 (2)— (62)23 302 371 
DDA Overdrafts1,101 — — (450)398 (51)998 
$17,108 $(175)$2,811 $(614)$676 $2,918 $22,724 

Management systematically monitors the loan portfolio and the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis to provide for expected losses inherent in the portfolio. Management assesses the risk in each loan type based on historical trends, the general economic environment of its local markets, individual loan performance and other relevant factors. The Company's estimate of future economic conditions utilized in its provision estimate is primarily dependent on
expected unemployment ranges over a two-year period. Beyond two years, a straight line reversion to historical average loss rates is applied over the life of the loan pool in the migration methodology. The vintage methodology applies future average loss rates based on net losses in historical periods where the unemployment rate was within the forecasted range.

Individual credits in excess of $1 million are selected at least annually for detailed loan reviews, which are utilized by management to assess the risk in the portfolio and the appropriateness of the allowance.

Non-Performing Loans

Interest income on loans is accrued and credited to operations based upon the principal amount outstanding, using methods that generally result in level rates of return.  Loan origination fees, and certain direct costs, are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to the yield over the term of the loan.  The accrual of interest generally is discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest for all loan types.  However, any loan may be placed on non-accrual status if the Company receives information that indicates a borrower is unable to meet the contractual terms of its respective loan agreement. Other indicators considered for placing a loan on non-accrual status include the borrower’s involvement in bankruptcies, foreclosures, repossessions, litigation and any other situation resulting in doubt as to whether full collection of contractual principal and interest is attainable.  When interest accruals are discontinued, unpaid interest recognized in income in the current year is reversed, and interest accrued in prior years is charged to the allowance for credit losses.  Management may elect to continue the accrual of interest when the net realizable value of collateral exceeds the principal balance and related accrued interest, and the loan is in the process of collection.

Generally for all loan classes, interest income during the period the loan is non-performing is recorded on a cash basis after recovery of principal is reasonably assured.  Cash payments received on nonperforming loans are typically applied directly against the outstanding principal balance until the loan is fully repaid.  Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, the borrower has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing as of March 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Non-accrual With NoNon-accrual WithLoans Past Due
Allowance forAllowance forOver 90 Days
Credit LossesCredit LossesStill Accruing
Commercial & Industrial$ $3,405 $ 
   1-4 Family 672  
   Hotels   
   Multi-family   
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied 410  
   Non Residential Owner Occupied 2,725  
Commercial Real Estate 3,807  
Residential Real Estate 3,452  
Home Equity 121  
Consumer 1  
Total$ $10,786 $ 
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Non-accrual With NoNon-accrual WithLoans Past Due
Allowance forAllowance forOver 90 Days
Credit LossesCredit LossesStill Accruing
Commercial & Industrial$1,000 $1,211 $— 
   1-4 Family— 521 — 
   Hotels— — — 
   Multi-family— — — 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied— 446 — 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied— 1,420 — 
Commercial Real Estate— 2,387 — 
Residential Real Estate— 2,849 214 
Home Equity— 111 56 
Consumer— — — 
Total$1,000 $6,558 $270 

The Company recognized no interest income on non-accrual loans during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

There were no individually evaluated collateral-dependent loans as of March 31, 2024. The company had one commercial and industrial individually evaluated collateral dependent loan recorded at $1.0 million as of December 31, 2023. Changes in the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans are reported as a provision for credit loss or a recovery of credit loss in the period of change.

Generally, all loan types are considered past due when the contractual terms of a loan are not met and the borrower is 30 days or more past due on a payment.  Furthermore, residential and home equity loans are generally subject to charge-off when the loan becomes 120 days past due, depending on the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to dispose, versus the outstanding loan balance.  Commercial loans are generally charged off when the loan becomes 120 days past due.  Open-end consumer loans are generally charged off when the loan becomes 180 days past due.
The following tables present the aging of the amortized cost basis in past-due loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 by class of loan (in thousands):
March 31, 2024
30-5960-8990+TotalCurrentNon-Total
Past DuePast DuePast DuePast DueLoansaccrualLoans
Commercial and industrial$25 $ $ $25 $404,340 $3,405 $407,770 
   1-4 Family    201,706 672 202,378 
   Hotels    354,929  354,929 
   Multi-family    186,555  186,555 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied138   138 682,061 410 682,609 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied    229,715 2,725 232,440 
Commercial real estate138   138 1,654,966 3,807 1,658,911 
Residential real estate4,876 159  5,035 1,778,277 3,452 1,786,764 
Home Equity854 174  1,028 170,143 121 171,292 
Consumer65 10  75 63,480 1 63,556 
Overdrafts403 3  406 3,089  3,495 
Total$6,361 $346 $ $6,707 $4,074,295 $10,786 $4,091,788 

December 31, 2023
30-5960-8990+TotalCurrentNon-Total
Past DuePast DuePast DuePast DueLoansaccrualLoans
Commercial and industrial$185 $250 $— $435 $424,305 $2,211 $426,951 
   1-4 Family67 25 — 92 205,624 521 206,237 
   Hotels— — — — 357,142 — 357,142 
   Multi-family— — — — 189,165 — 189,165 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied— — — — 680,144 446 680,590 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied623 — — 623 238,285 1,420 240,328 
Commercial real estate690 25 — 715 1,670,360 2,387 1,673,462 
Residential real estate7,034 811 214 8,059 1,777,241 2,849 1,788,149 
Home Equity1,020 159 56 1,235 165,855 111 167,201 
Consumer129 — — 129 65,117 — 65,246 
Overdrafts355 — 364 4,550 — 4,914 
Total$9,413 $1,254 $270 $10,937 $4,107,428 $7,558 $4,125,923 

Loan Restructurings

The Company evaluates all loan restructurings in accordance with ASU No. 2022-02 for loan modifications to determine if the restructuring results in a new loan or a continuation of the existing loan. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that result in a direct change in the timing or amount of contractual cash flows include situations where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, and combinations of the listed modifications. Therefore, the disclosures related to loan restructurings are only for modifications that directly affect cash flows. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, the Company had no loan modifications that were considered restructured loans.
A loan that is considered a restructured loan may be subject to the individually evaluated loan analysis, otherwise, the restructured loan will remain in the appropriate segment in the Allowance for Credit Losses model and associated reserves will be adjusted based on changes in the discounted cash flows resulting from the modification of the restructured loan.

Credit Quality Indicators
 
All commercial loans within the portfolio are subject to internal risk rating.  All non-commercial loans are evaluated based on payment history.  The Company’s internal risk ratings for commercial loans are:  Exceptional, Good, Acceptable, Pass/Watch, Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful.  Each internal risk rating is defined in the loan policy using the following criteria:  balance sheet yields; ratios and leverage; cash flow spread and coverage; prior history; capability of management; market position/industry; potential impact of changing economic, legal, regulatory or environmental conditions; purpose; structure; collateral support; and guarantor support.  Risk grades are generally assigned by the primary lending officer and are periodically evaluated by the Company’s internal loan review process.  Based on an individual loan’s risk grade, estimated loss percentages are applied to the outstanding balance of the loan to determine the amount of expected loss.
 
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information regarding the customer’s debt service ability, capacity and overall collateral position, along with other economic trends and historical payment performance.  The risk rating for each credit is updated when the Company receives current financial information, the loan is reviewed by the Company’s internal loan review and credit administration departments, or the loan becomes delinquent or impaired.  The risk grades are updated a minimum of annually for loans rated Exceptional, Good, Acceptable, or Pass/Watch.  Loans rated Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful are reviewed at least quarterly.  The Company uses the following definitions for its risk ratings:

Risk RatingDescription
Pass Ratings:
(a) ExceptionalLoans classified as exceptional are secured with liquid collateral conforming to the internal loan policy.  Loans rated within this category pose minimal risk of loss to the bank.
(b) GoodLoans classified as good have similar characteristics that include a strong balance sheet, satisfactory debt service coverage ratios, strong management and/or guarantors, and little exposure to economic cycles. Loans in this category generally have a low chance of loss to the bank.
(c) AcceptableLoans classified as acceptable have acceptable liquidity levels, adequate debt service coverage ratios, experienced management, and have average exposure to economic cycles.  Loans within this category generally have a low risk of loss to the bank.
(d) Pass/watchLoans classified as pass/watch have erratic levels of leverage and/or liquidity, cash flow is volatile and the borrower is subject to moderate economic risk.  A borrower in this category poses a low to moderate risk of loss to the bank.
Special mentionLoans classified as special mention have a potential weakness(es) that deserves management’s close attention.  The potential weakness could result in deterioration of the loan repayment or the bank’s credit position at some future date.  A loan rated in this category poses a moderate loss risk to the bank.
SubstandardLoans classified as substandard reflect a customer with a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt.  Loans in this category have the possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and the bank’s collateral value is weakened by the financial deterioration of the borrower.
DoubtfulLoans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristics that make collection of the full contract amount highly improbable.  Loans rated in this category are most likely to cause the bank to have a loss due to a collateral shortfall or a negative capital position.
Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands), with the loans acquired from Citizens categorized by their origination date:

Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial and industrial
Pass$11,932 $66,867 $46,209 $72,430 $41,097 $39,592 $99,859 $377,986 
Special mention     13  13 
Substandard378 571 2,609 720 579 2,385 22,529 29,771 
Total$12,310 $67,438 $48,818 $73,150 $41,676 $41,990 $122,388 $407,770 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$ $ $ $56 $ $ $250 $306 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial and industrial
Pass$70,494 $47,473 $76,605 $47,688 $21,820 $18,328 $111,546 $393,954 
Special mention— 33 — 2,600 22 — 70 2,725 
Substandard379 2,748 854 775 923 1,538 23,055 30,272 
Total$70,873 $50,254 $77,459 $51,063 $22,765 $19,866 $134,671 $426,951 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
1-4 Family
Pass$7,065 $37,204 $52,219 $30,773 $20,261 $38,973 $11,437 $197,932 
Special mention 559 436  920 648 248 2,811 
Substandard  75  247 1,313  1,635 
Total$7,065 $37,763 $52,730 $30,773 $21,428 $40,934 $11,685 $202,378 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $31 $ $31 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
1-4 Family
Pass$38,143 $53,907 $32,058 $21,363 $12,073 $29,846 $13,967 $201,357 
Special mention565 451 — 1,167 — 730 250 3,163 
Substandard— 77 — 250 131 1,259 — 1,717 
Total$38,708 $54,435 $32,058 $22,780 $12,204 $31,835 $14,217 $206,237 

Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Hotels
Pass$1,283 $47,491 $81,289 $32,956 $3,206 $158,679 $301 $325,205 
Special mention        
Substandard    3,991 25,733  29,724 
Total$1,283 $47,491 $81,289 $32,956 $7,197 $184,412 $301 $354,929 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Hotels
Pass$47,739 $82,200 $33,560 $3,327 $58,384 $101,740 $305 $327,255 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — 4,020 23,604 2,263 — 29,887 
Total$47,739 $82,200 $33,560 $7,347 $81,988 $104,003 $305 $357,142 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Multi-family
Pass$719 $7,177 $20,881 $27,328 $63,118 $66,753 $579 $186,555 
Special mention        
Substandard        
Total$719 $7,177 $20,881 $27,328 $63,118 $66,753 $579 $186,555 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Multi-family
Pass$6,925 $21,320 $28,268 $63,750 $38,007 $29,814 $1,081 $189,165 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Total$6,925 $21,320 $28,268 $63,750 $38,007 $29,814 $1,081 $189,165 

Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied
Pass$7,100 $117,981 $117,295 $97,393 $56,351 $228,071 $27,051 $651,242 
Special mention   99 655 24,730  25,484 
Substandard   144 2,217 3,522  5,883 
Total$7,100 $117,981 $117,295 $97,636 $59,223 $256,323 $27,051 $682,609 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied
Pass$117,515 $119,382 $99,210 $59,083 $64,332 $156,941 $32,111 $648,574 
Special mention— — 102 731 165 24,747 — 25,745 
Substandard— — 145 2,395 79 3,652 — 6,271 
Total$117,515 $119,382 $99,457 $62,209 $64,576 $185,340 $32,111 $680,590 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Owner Occupied
Pass$4,098 $42,164 $30,613 $40,609 $16,334 $71,192 $2,673 $207,683 
Special mention   153  3,216 86 3,455 
Substandard 3,890 887 1,984 1,179 12,998 364 21,302 
Total$4,098 $46,054 $31,500 $42,746 $17,513 $87,406 $3,123 $232,440 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Owner Occupied
Pass$41,481 $34,320 $42,203 $16,990 $21,772 $52,363 $6,060 $215,189 
Special mention— — 164 — 2,880 431 188 3,663 
Substandard3,957 909 2,010 1,212 1,335 11,792 261 21,476 
Total$45,438 $35,229 $44,377 $18,202 $25,987 $64,586 $6,509 $240,328 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Total
Pass$20,265 $252,016 $302,297 $229,059 $159,269 $563,667 $42,045 $1,568,618 
Special mention 559 436 252 1,574 28,594 334 31,749 
Substandard 3,890 962 2,128 7,634 43,566 364 58,544 
Total$20,265 $256,465 $303,695 $231,439 $168,477 $635,827 $42,743 $1,658,911 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $31 $ $31 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Total
Pass$251,802 $311,129 $235,298 $164,514 $194,569 $370,704 $53,522 $1,581,538 
Special mention565 451 266 1,898 3,045 25,909 438 32,572 
Substandard3,957 986 2,155 7,877 25,148 18,968 261 59,352 
Total$256,324 $312,566 $237,719 $174,289 $222,762 $415,581 $54,221 $1,673,462 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020PriorCost BasisTotal
Residential real estate
Performing$41,448 $228,544 $384,545 $307,583 $243,604 $505,442 $72,281 $1,783,447 
Non-performing  137 183 360 2,072 565 3,317 
Total$41,448 $228,544 $384,682 $307,766 $243,964 $507,514 $72,846 $1,786,764 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$ $ $18 $ $ $1 $ $19 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Residential real estate
Performing$234,802 $392,865 $314,617 $250,030 $109,736 $410,925 $72,324 $1,785,299 
Non-performing$161 $119 $183 $26 $713 $1,349 $299 $2,850 
Total$234,963 $392,984 $314,800 $250,056 $110,449 $412,274 $72,623 $1,788,149 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020PriorCost BasisTotal
Home equity
Performing$6,265 $28,636 $13,355 $5,874 $3,521 $7,507 $105,878 $171,036 
Non-performing    14  242 256 
Total$6,265 $28,636 $13,355 $5,874 $3,535 $7,507 $106,120 $171,292 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $19 $8 $27 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Home equity
Performing$29,611 $13,921 $6,218 $3,826 $2,510 $5,108 $105,896 $167,090 
Non-performing— — — 14 — — 97 111 
Total$29,611 $13,921 $6,218 $3,840 $2,510 $5,108 $105,993 $167,201 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 2024
20242023202220212020PriorCost BasisTotal
Consumer
Performing$6,125 $29,723 $15,947 $3,920 $2,699 $3,029 $2,113 $63,556 
Non-performing        
Total$6,125 $29,723 $15,947 $3,920 $2,699 $3,029 $2,113 $63,556 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$ $14 $29 $ $ $71 $1 $115 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 2023
20232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Consumer
Performing$33,700 $18,293 $4,531 $3,148 $2,120 $1,645 $1,809 $65,246 
Non-performing— — — — — — — — 
Total$33,700 $18,293 $4,531 $3,148 $2,120 $1,645 $1,809 $65,246