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Allowance For Credit Losses
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Allowance For Credit Losses
The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses, by portfolio loan classification, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands).  The allocation of a portion of the allowance in one portfolio segment does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other portfolio segments.
Beginning BalanceImpact of Adopting ASU 2022-02PCD Loan ReservesCharge-offsRecoveriesProvision for (recovery of) credit lossesEnding Balance
March 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial$3,565 12 — — $83 $626 $4,286 
   1-4 Family566 (1)— (3)14 37 613 
   Hotels2,332 — — — — (148)2,184 
   Multi-family380 — 500 — — 147 1,027 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied2,019 — 1,536 — 144 1,225 4,924 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied1,315 — 775 — — 347 2,437 
Commercial real estate6,612 (1)2,811 (3)158 1,608 11,185 
Residential real estate5,430 (138)— (32)10 214 5,484 
Home equity290 (46)— (67)4 219 400 
Consumer110 (2)— (62)23 302 371 
DDA overdrafts1,101 — — (450)398 (51)998 
$17,108 $(175)$2,811 $(614)$676 $2,918 $22,724 
March 31, 2022
Commercial and industrial$3,480 $— $— $(34)$59 $(47)$3,458 
  1-4 Family598 — — — 29 (53)574 
  Hotels2,426 — — — — 119 2,545 
  Multi-family483 — — — — (6)477 
  Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied2,319 — — — 24 (62)2,281 
  Non Residential Owner Occupied1,485 — — — — (103)1,382 
Commercial real estate7,311 — — — 53 (105)7,259 
Residential real estate5,716 — — (50)45 (672)5,039 
Home equity517 — — — 17 (124)410 
Consumer106 — — (23)28 (25)86 
DDA Overdrafts1,036 — — (631)406 217 1,028 
$18,166 $— $— $(738)$608 $(756)$17,280 
During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $2.8 million of allowance for credit losses due to acquired Citizens PCD loans. Further, in connection with the completion of the acquisition of Citizens during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $2.0 million of provision for credit losses associated with loans acquired from Citizens. In addition, the provision for credit losses for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 included $0.9 million that was primarily related to the downgrade of two commercial loans.
Management systematically monitors the loan portfolio and the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis to provide for expected losses inherent in the portfolio. Management assesses the risk in each loan type based on historical trends, the general economic environment of its local markets, individual loan performance and other relevant factors. The Company's estimate of future economic conditions utilized in its provision estimate is primarily dependent on expected unemployment ranges over a two-year period. Beyond two years, a straight line reversion to historical average loss rates is applied over the life of the loan pool in the migration methodology. The vintage methodology applies future average loss rates based on net losses in historical periods where the unemployment rate was within the forecasted range.

Individual credits in excess of $1 million are selected at least annually for detailed loan reviews, which are utilized by management to assess the risk in the portfolio and the appropriateness of the allowance.

Non-Performing Loans

Interest income on loans is accrued and credited to operations based upon the principal amount outstanding, using methods that generally result in level rates of return.  Loan origination fees, and certain direct costs, are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to the yield over the term of the loan.  The accrual of interest generally is discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest for all loan types.  However, any loan may be placed on non-accrual status if the Company receives information that indicates a borrower is unable to meet the contractual terms of its respective loan agreement. Other indicators considered for placing a loan on non-accrual status include the borrower’s involvement in bankruptcies, foreclosures, repossessions, litigation and any other situation resulting in doubt as to whether full collection of contractual principal and interest is attainable.  When interest accruals are discontinued, unpaid interest recognized in income in the current year is reversed, and interest accrued in prior years is charged to the allowance for credit losses.  Management may elect to continue the accrual of interest when the net realizable value of collateral exceeds the principal balance and related accrued interest, and the loan is in the process of collection.

Generally for all loan classes, interest income during the period the loan is non-performing is recorded on a cash basis after recovery of principal is reasonably assured.  Cash payments received on nonperforming loans are typically applied directly against the outstanding principal balance until the loan is fully repaid.  Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, the borrower has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Non-accrual With NoNon-accrual WithLoans Past Due
Allowance forAllowance forOver 90 Days
Credit LossesCredit LossesStill Accruing
Commercial & Industrial$— $994 $— 
   1-4 Family— 721 — 
   Hotels— 115 — 
   Multi-family— — — 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied— 779 — 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied— 316 — 
Commercial Real Estate— 1,931 — 
Residential Real Estate— 2,700 — 
Home Equity— 35 — 
Consumer— 19 — 
Total$— $5,679 $— 
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

Non-accrual With NoNon-accrual WithLoans Past Due
Allowance forAllowance forOver 90 Days
Credit LossesCredit LossesStill Accruing
Commercial & Industrial$— $1,015 $— 
   1-4 Family— 937 — 
   Hotels— 115 — 
   Multi-family— — — 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied— 816 — 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied— 298 — 
Commercial Real Estate— 2,166 — 
Residential Real Estate228 1,741 164 
Home Equity— 55 — 
Consumer— — 23 
Total$228 $4,977 $187 

The Company recognized no interest income on nonaccrual loans during each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

There were no individually evaluated impaired collateral-dependent loans as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. Changes in the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans are reported as credit loss expense or a reversal of credit loss expense in the period of change.

     The Company would have recognized less than $0.1 million of interest income during each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 if such loans had been current in accordance with their original terms. There were no significant commitments to provide additional funds on non-accrual or individually evaluated loans at March 31, 2023.

Generally, all loan types are considered past due when the contractual terms of a loan are not met and the borrower is 30 days or more past due on a payment.  Furthermore, residential and home equity loans are generally subject to charge-off when the loan becomes 120 days past due, depending on the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to dispose, versus the outstanding loan balance.  Commercial loans are generally charged off when the loan becomes 120 days past due.  Open-end consumer loans are generally charged off when the loan becomes 180 days past due.
The following tables present the aging of the amortized cost basis in past-due loans as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 by class of loan (in thousands):
March 31, 2023
30-5960-8990+TotalCurrentNon-Total
Past DuePast DuePast DuePast DueLoansaccrualLoans
Commercial and industrial$97 $— $— $97 $389,770 $994 $390,861 
   1-4 Family— — — — 118,296 721 119,017 
   Hotels— — — — 327,439 115 327,554 
   Multi-family— — — — 195,042 — 195,042 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied— — — — 679,003 779 679,782 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied148 — — 148 222,632 316 223,096 
Commercial real estate148 — — 148 1,542,412 1,931 1,544,491 
Residential real estate4,042 520 — 4,562 1,730,342 2,700 1,737,604 
Home Equity511 40 — 551 150,755 35 151,341 
Consumer3 — — 3 66,972 19 66,994 
Overdrafts273 4 — 277 3,118 — 3,395 
Total$5,074 $564 $— $5,638 $3,883,369 $5,679 $3,894,686 

December 31, 2022
30-5960-8990+TotalCurrentNon-Total
Past DuePast DuePast DuePast DueLoansaccrualLoans
Commercial and industrial$201 $33 $— $234 $372,641 $1,015 $373,890 
   1-4 Family17 — — 17 115,238 937 116,192 
   Hotels— — — — 340,289 115 340,404 
   Multi-family— — — — 174,786 — 174,786 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied— — — — 585,148 816 585,964 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied505 188 — 693 173,970 298 174,961 
Commercial real estate522 188 — 710 1,389,431 2,166 1,392,307 
Residential real estate6,843 84 164 7,091 1,684,463 1,969 1,693,523 
Home Equity622 28 — 650 133,612 55 134,317 
Consumer52 25 23 100 48,706 — 48,806 
Overdrafts386 5 — 391 3,024 — 3,415 
Total$8,626 $363 $187 $9,176 $3,631,877 $5,205 $3,646,258 

Loan Restructurings

On April 1, 2023, the Company adopted the accounting guidance in ASU No. 2022-02, effective as of January 1, 2023, which eliminates the recognition and measurement of troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs"). Due to the removal of the TDR designation, the Company evaluates all loan restructurings according to the accounting guidance for loan modifications to determine if the restructuring results in a new loan or a continuation of the existing loan. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that result in a direct change in the timing or amount of contractual cash flows include situations where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignifcant payment delays, term extensions, and combinations of the listed modifications. Therefore, the disclosures related to loan restructurings are only for modifications
that directly affect cash flows. During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Company had no loan modifications that were considered restructured loans.

A loan that is considered a restructured loan may be subject to the individually evaluated loan analysis, otherwise, the restructured loan will remain in the appropriate segment in the Allowance for Credit Losses model and associated reserves will be adjusted based on changes in the discounted cash flows resulting from the modification of the restructured loan.

Credit Quality Indicators
 
All commercial loans within the portfolio are subject to internal risk rating.  All non-commercial loans are evaluated based on payment history.  The Company’s internal risk ratings for commercial loans are:  Exceptional, Good, Acceptable, Pass/Watch, Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful.  Each internal risk rating is defined in the loan policy using the following criteria:  balance sheet yields; ratios and leverage; cash flow spread and coverage; prior history; capability of management; market position/industry; potential impact of changing economic, legal, regulatory or environmental conditions; purpose; structure; collateral support; and guarantor support.  Risk grades are generally assigned by the primary lending officer and are periodically evaluated by the Company’s internal loan review process.  Based on an individual loan’s risk grade, estimated loss percentages are applied to the outstanding balance of the loan to determine the amount of expected loss.
 
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information regarding the customer’s debt service ability, capacity and overall collateral position, along with other economic trends and historical payment performance.  The risk rating for each credit is updated when the Company receives current financial information, the loan is reviewed by the Company’s internal loan review and credit administration departments, or the loan becomes delinquent or impaired.  The risk grades are updated a minimum of annually for loans rated Exceptional, Good, Acceptable, or Pass/Watch.  Loans rated Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful are reviewed at least quarterly.  The Company uses the following definitions for its risk ratings:

Risk RatingDescription
Pass Ratings:
(a) ExceptionalLoans classified as exceptional are secured with liquid collateral conforming to the internal loan policy.  Loans rated within this category pose minimal risk of loss to the bank.
(b) GoodLoans classified as good have similar characteristics that include a strong balance sheet, satisfactory debt service coverage ratios, strong management and/or guarantors, and little exposure to economic cycles. Loans in this category generally have a low chance of loss to the bank.
(c) AcceptableLoans classified as acceptable have acceptable liquidity levels, adequate debt service coverage ratios, experienced management, and have average exposure to economic cycles.  Loans within this category generally have a low risk of loss to the bank.
(d) Pass/watchLoans classified as pass/watch have erratic levels of leverage and/or liquidity, cash flow is volatile and the borrower is subject to moderate economic risk.  A borrower in this category poses a low to moderate risk of loss to the bank.
Special mentionLoans classified as special mention have a potential weakness(es) that deserves management’s close attention.  The potential weakness could result in deterioration of the loan repayment or the bank’s credit position at some future date.  A loan rated in this category poses a moderate loss risk to the bank.
SubstandardLoans classified as substandard reflect a customer with a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt.  Loans in this category have the possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and the bank’s collateral value is weakened by the financial deterioration of the borrower.
DoubtfulLoans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristics that make collection of the full contract amount highly improbable.  Loans rated in this category are most likely to cause the bank to have a loss due to a collateral shortfall or a negative capital position.
Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands), with the loans acquired from Citizens categorized by their origination date:

Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial and industrial
Pass$14,563 $52,455 $91,333 $58,988 $25,447 $22,821 $90,005 $355,612 
Special mention389 1,668 878 3,341 — 19 23,989 30,284 
Substandard— 949 195 966 1,127 1,649 79 4,965 
Total$14,952 $55,072 $92,406 $63,295 $26,574 $24,489 $114,073 $390,861 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial and industrial
Pass$51,268 $91,097 $60,251 $26,356 $19,497 $6,917 $109,645 $365,031 
Special mention— — 392 9 — 19 3,245 3,665 
Substandard955 203 1,025 1,175 224 1,533 79 5,194 
Total$52,223 $91,300 $61,668 $27,540 $19,721 $8,469 $112,969 $373,890 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
1-4 Family
Pass$5,815 $33,613 $18,582 $12,315 $8,486 $26,631 $10,659 $116,101 
Special mention— 225 — 113 — 823 — 1,161 
Substandard— 82 — 260 52 1,361 — 1,755 
Total$5,815 $33,920 $18,582 $12,688 $8,538 $28,815 $10,659 $119,017 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $3 $— $3 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
1-4 Family
Pass$31,331 $21,640 $12,565 $8,609 $4,826 $22,949 $11,107 $113,027 
Special mention228 — 115 — — 836 — 1,179 
Substandard83 — 264 56 — 1,583 — 1,986 
Total$31,642 $21,640 $12,944 $8,665 $4,826 $25,368 $11,107 $116,192 

Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Hotels
Pass$— $84,835 $35,278 $12,094 $59,920 $100,797 $319 $293,243 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — 3,627 24,074 6,610 — 34,311 
Total$— $84,835 $35,278 $15,721 $83,994 $107,407 $319 $327,554 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Hotels
Pass$85,590 $35,849 $12,275 $60,429 $14,921 $90,686 $323 $300,073 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — 3,593 24,229 — 12,509 — 40,331 
Total$85,590 $35,849 $15,868 $84,658 $14,921 $103,195 $323 $340,404 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Multi-family
Pass$1,908 $20,624 $28,794 $65,967 $40,087 $36,860 $802 $195,042 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Total$1,908 $20,624 $28,794 $65,967 $40,087 $36,860 $802 $195,042 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Multi-family
Pass$13,761 $21,312 $65,542 $37,698 $2,189 $33,560 $724 $174,786 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Total$13,761 $21,312 $65,542 $37,698 $2,189 $33,560 $724 $174,786 

Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied
Pass$25,255 $149,234 $125,207 $77,725 $74,739 $183,258 $8,641 $644,059 
Special mention— — 108 1,837 173 25,266 — 27,384 
Substandard1,312 — 583 2,472 1,414 2,558 — 8,339 
Total$26,567 $149,234 $125,898 $82,034 $76,326 $211,082 $8,641 $679,782 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied
Pass$110,501 $108,290 $89,943 $68,027 $87,413 $113,287 $2,781 $580,242 
Special mention— 110 170 176 — — — 456 
Substandard— 601 — 1,330 2,089 1,244 2 5,266 
Total$110,501 $109,001 $90,113 $69,533 $89,502 $114,531 $2,783 $585,964 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Owner Occupied
Pass$11,231 $31,261 $45,294 $19,145 $24,218 $65,038 $3,997 $200,184 
Special mention— — 2,732 1,115 2,125 479 114 6,565 
Substandard— 936 390 109 2,257 11,650 1,005 16,347 
Total$11,231 $32,197 $48,416 $20,369 $28,600 $77,167 $5,116 $223,096 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Owner Occupied
Pass$21,782 $36,186 $17,216 $22,274 $17,622 $39,861 $3,238 $158,179 
Special mention— — — 329 — 493 113 935 
Substandard943 193 110 2,479 772 10,350 1,000 15,847 
Total$22,725 $36,379 $17,326 $25,082 $18,394 $50,704 $4,351 $174,961 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Total
Pass$44,210 $319,566 $253,156 $187,247 $207,450 $412,583 $24,418 $1,448,630 
Special mention— 225 2,840 3,064 2,298 26,567 114 35,108 
Substandard1,312 1,017 973 6,469 27,798 22,179 1,005 60,753 
Total$45,522 $320,808 $256,969 $196,780 $237,546 $461,329 $25,537 $1,544,491 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $3 $— $3 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Total
Pass$262,965 $223,277 $197,541 $197,037 $126,971 $300,343 $18,173 $1,326,307 
Special mention228 110 285 505 — 1,329 113 2,570 
Substandard1,026 794 3,967 28,094 2,861 25,686 1,002 63,430 
Total$264,219 $224,181 $201,793 $225,636 $129,832 $327,358 $19,288 $1,392,307 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Residential real estate
Performing$45,603 $422,862 $339,567 $269,575 $120,571 $454,539 $82,187 $1,734,904 
Non-performing— — 449 92 1,123 766 270 2,700 
Total$45,603 $422,862 $340,016 $269,667 $121,694 $455,305 $82,457 $1,737,604 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $26 $6 $32 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorCost BasisTotal
Residential real estate
Performing$405,059 $336,462 $270,197 $122,559 $86,317 $382,652 $88,308 $1,691,554 
Non-performing— 207 — 755 79 738 190 1,969 
Total$405,059 $336,669 $270,197 $123,314 $86,396 $383,390 $88,498 $1,693,523 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Home equity
Performing$4,698 $16,395 $7,133 $4,566 $2,785 $7,407 $108,322 $151,306 
Non-performing— — — — — — 35 35 
Total$4,698 $16,395 $7,133 $4,566 $2,785 $7,407 $108,357 $151,341 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$— $32 $— $— $— $35 $— $67 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorCost BasisTotal
Home equity
Performing$16,670 $7,394 $5,000 $3,035 $1,823 $5,116 $95,224 $134,262 
Non-performing— — — — — — 55 55 
Total$16,670 $7,394 $5,000 $3,035 $1,823 $5,116 $95,279 $134,317 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorCost BasisTotal
Consumer
Performing$15,176 $25,735 $7,191 $4,960 $3,840 $8,667 $1,406 $66,975 
Non-performing— — — — — 19 — 19 
Total$15,176 $25,735 $7,191 $4,960 $3,840 $8,686 $1,406 $66,994 
YTD Gross Charge-offs$— $— $36 $— $3 $20 $3 $62 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorCost BasisTotal
Consumer
Performing$25,296 $7,954 $5,482 $4,299 $2,246 $2,064 $1,465 $48,806 
Non-performing— — — — — — — — 
Total$25,296 $7,954 $5,482 $4,299 $2,246 $2,064 $1,465 $48,806