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Allowance For Credit Losses
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Receivables [Abstract]  
Allowance For Credit Losses Allowance For Credit Losses
 
The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses, by portfolio loan classification, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands).  The allocation of a portion of the allowance in one portfolio segment does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other portfolio segments.
Commercial andCommercialResidentialDDA
IndustrialReal EstateReal EstateHome EquityConsumerOverdraftsTotal
Nine months ended September 30, 2020
Beginning balance$2,059 $2,606 $3,448 $1,187 $975 $1,314 $11,589 
Impact of adopting CECL1,715 3,254 2,139 (598)(810)60 5,760 
Charge-offs(834)(497)(1,111)(332)(165)(1,716)(4,655)
Recoveries17 375 127 89 183 1,134 1,925 
Provision for credit losses802 5,265 3,677 323 77 104 10,248 
Ending balance$3,759 $11,003 $8,280 $669 $260 $896 $24,867 
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Beginning balance$4,060 $4,495 $4,116 $1,268 $319 $1,708 $15,966 
   Charge-offs(68)(394)(922)(160)(478)(1,985)(4,007)
   Recoveries183614282— 2111,112 2,402 
   (Recovery of) Provision
for credit losses		(1,471)(1,619)162 85 591 1,077 (1,175)
Ending balance$2,704 $3,096 $3,638 $1,193 $643 $1,912 $13,186 
Three months ended September 30, 2020       
Beginning balance$6,266 $10,090 $7,323 $647 $120 $753 25,199 
Charge-offs(757)(75)(252)(126)(74)(554)(1,838)
Recoveries3 44 24 33 42 334 480 
(Recovery of) Provision for credit losses(1,753)944 1,185 115 172 363 1,026 
Ending balance$3,759 $11,003 $8,280 $669 $260 $896 $24,867 
Three months ended September 30, 2019
Beginning balance$2,796 $3,469 $3,959 $1,211 $509 $1,851 $13,795 
   Charge-offs(17)(216)(291)(43)(182)(772)(1,521)
   Recoveries43 7 157 — 68 363 638 
(Recovery of) Provision for credit losses(118)(164)(187)25 248 470 274 
Ending balance$2,704 $3,096 $3,638 $1,193 $643 $1,912 $13,186 

Management systematically monitors the loan portfolio and the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis to provide for expected losses inherent in the portfolio. Management assesses the risk in each loan type based on historical trends, the general economic environment of its local markets, individual loan performance and other relevant factors. The provision for credit losses recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 largely reflects the expected economic impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company's estimate of future economic conditions utilized in its provision estimate is primarily dependent on expected unemployment ranges over a two-year period. Beyond two years, a straight line reversion to historical average loss rates is applied over the life of the loan pool in the migration methodology. The vintage methodology applies future average loss rates based on net losses in historical periods where the unemployment rate was within the forecasted range. As a result of COVID-19, expected unemployment ranges have significantly increased and resulted in an increase in the Company's provision for credit losses.

Individual credits in excess of $1 million are selected at least annually for detailed loan reviews, which are utilized by management to assess the risk in the portfolio and the appropriateness of the allowance. Due to the nature of commercial lending, evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance as it relates to these types of loans is often based more upon specific
credit reviews, with consideration given to the potential impairment of certain credits and historical loss rates, adjusted for economic conditions and other inherent risk factors.

Non-Performing Loans

Interest income on loans is accrued and credited to operations based upon the principal amount outstanding, using methods that generally result in level rates of return.  Loan origination fees, and certain direct costs, are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to the yield over the term of the loan.  The accrual of interest generally is discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest for all loan types.  However, any loan may be placed on non-accrual status if the Company receives information that indicates a borrower is unable to meet the contractual terms of its respective loan agreement. Other indicators considered for placing a loan on non-accrual status include the borrower’s involvement in bankruptcies, foreclosures, repossessions, litigation and any other situation resulting in doubt as to whether full collection of contractual principal and interest is attainable.  When interest accruals are discontinued, unpaid interest recognized in income in the current year is reversed, and interest accrued in prior years is charged to the allowance for credit losses.  Management may elect to continue the accrual of interest when the net realizable value of collateral exceeds the principal balance and related accrued interest, and the loan is in the process of collection.

Generally for all loan classes, interest income during the period the loan is non-performing is recorded on a cash basis after recovery of principal is reasonably assured.  Cash payments received on nonperforming loans are typically applied directly against the outstanding principal balance until the loan is fully repaid.  Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, the borrower has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing as of September 30, 2020 (in thousands):
Non-accrual With NoNon-accrual WithLoans Past Due
Allowance forAllowance forOver 90 Days
Credit LossesCredit LossesStill Accruing
Commercial & Industrial$216 $512 $221 
   1-4 Family— 2,242 — 
   Hotels— 2,842 — 
   Multi-family— — — 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied— 105 — 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied2,540 750 — 
Commercial Real Estate2,540 5,939 — 
Residential Real Estate— 3,983 124 
Home Equity— 74 — 
Consumer— — — 
Total$2,756 $10,508 $345 
The following table presents the Company's loans on non-accrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
Loans Past Due
Over 90 Days
Non-accrualStill Accruing
Commercial and industrial$1,182 $184 
Commercial real estate6,384 — 
Residential real estate3,393 83 
Home equity531 — 
Consumer— — 
Total$11,490 $267 

The Company recognized less than $0.1 million of interest income on nonaccrual loans during each of the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and less than $0.1 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of individually evaluated impaired collateral-dependent loans as of September 30, 2020 (in thousands). Changes in the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans are reported as credit loss expense or a reversal of credit loss expense in the period of change.

Secured by
Real EstateEquipment
Commercial and industrial$216 $— 
   1-4 Family— — 
   Hotels2,729 — 
   Multi-family— — 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied— — 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied2,540 — 
Commercial real estate5,269 — 
Total$5,485 $— 

The following table presents the Company’s impaired loans, by class (in thousands) as of December 31, 2019. The difference between the unpaid principal balance and the recorded investment generally reflects amounts that have been previously charged-off. There were no significant individually evaluated impaired residential, home equity, or consumer loans.

Unpaid
RecordedPrincipalRelated
InvestmentBalanceAllowance
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$501 $501 $— 
Commercial real estate3,546 3,572 — 
Total$4,047 $4,073 $— 
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$— $— $— 
Commercial real estate2,644 2,644 87 
Total$2,644 $2,644 $87 
The following table presents information related to the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on the Company’s impaired loans, by class (in thousands), for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:
Three months ended September 30, 2019Nine months ended September 30, 2019
AverageInterestAverageInterest
RecordedIncomeRecordedIncome
InvestmentRecognizedInvestmentRecognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$503 — $570 $— 
Commercial real estate3,540 3 4,558 41 
Total$4,043 $3 $5,128 $41 
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$100 $— $— $— 
Commercial real estate5,648 30 4,800 136 
Total$5,748 $30 $4,800 $136 

     The Company would have recognized less than $0.2 million of interest income during each of the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and less than $0.3 million during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 if such loans had been current in accordance with their original terms.

Generally, all loan types are considered past due when the contractual terms of a loan are not met and the borrower is 30 days or more past due on a payment.  Furthermore, residential and home equity loans are generally subject to charge-off when the loan becomes 120 days past due, depending on the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to dispose, versus the outstanding loan balance.  Commercial loans are generally charged off when the loan becomes 120 days past due.  Open-end consumer loans are generally charged off when the loan becomes 180 days days past due.
 
The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in past-due loans as of September 30, 2020 by class of loan (in thousands):

30-5960-8990+TotalCurrentTotal
Past DuePast DuePast DuePast DueLoansLoans
Commercial and industrial$451 $20 $221 $692 $383,288 $383,980 
   1-4 Family354 — — 354 113,717 114,071 
   Hotels— — — — 295,989 295,989 
   Multi-family— — — — 214,394 214,394 
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied— 148 — 148 628,666 628,814 
   Non Residential Owner Occupied100 — — 100 211,333 211,433 
Commercial real estate454 148 — 602 1,464,099 1,464,701 
Residential real estate4,370 658 124 5,152 1,616,113 1,621,265 
Home Equity451 24 — 475 139,660 140,135 
Consumer106 15 — 121 50,420 50,541 
Overdrafts375 4 — 379 2,965 3,344 
Total$6,207 $869 $345 $7,421 $3,656,545 $3,663,966 
The following presents an aging analysis of the Company's past-due loans, by class, as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
30-5960-8990+TotalCurrentTotal
Past DuePast DuePast DuePast DueLoansLoans
Commercial and industrial$243 $31 $184 $458 $307,557 $308,015 
Commercial real estate 1,514 66 — 1,580 1,458,157 1,459,737 
Residential real estate5,758 1,643 83 7,484 1,632,912 1,640,396 
Home equity840 116 — 956 147,972 148,928 
Consumer156 32 — 188 54,075 54,263 
Overdrafts644 86 — 730 4,030 4,760 
Total$9,155 $1,974 $267 $11,396 $3,604,703 $3,616,099 

Troubled Debt Restructurings ("TDRs")

The Company’s policy on loan modifications typically does not allow for modifications that would be considered a concession from the Company. However, when there is a modification, the Company evaluates each modification to determine if the modification constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) in accordance with ASU 2011-02, whereby a modification of a loan would be considered a TDR when both of the following conditions are met: (1) a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and (2) the modification constitutes a concession. These modifications range from partial deferrals (interest only) to full deferrals (principal and interest). When determining whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, the Company reviews whether the debtor is currently in payment default on any of its debt or whether it is probable that the debtor would be in payment default in the foreseeable future without the modification. Other indicators of financial difficulty include whether the debtor has declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy, the debtor’s ability to continue as a going concern, or the debtor’s projected cash flow to service its debt (including principal and interest) in accordance with the contractual terms for the foreseeable future, without a modification.

Regulatory guidance requires loans to be accounted for as collateral-dependent loans when borrowers have filed Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the debt has been discharged by the bankruptcy court and the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt. The filing of bankruptcy is deemed to be evidence that the borrower is in financial difficulty and the discharge of the debt by the bankruptcy court is deemed to be a concession granted to the borrower.

The following tables set forth the Company’s TDRs (in thousands). Substantially all of the Company's TDRs are accruing interest.
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial$— $— 
   1-4 Family123 N/R
   Hotels2,634 N/R
   Multi-family1,903 N/R
   Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied— N/R
   Non Residential Owner Occupied234 N/R
Commercial real estate4,894 4,973 
Residential real estate20,398 21,029 
Home equity2,100 3,628 
Consumer260 — 
Total$27,652 $29,630 
N/R = Not reported. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP.
The Company has allocated $1.6 million and $0.8 million of the allowance for credit losses for these loans as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, the Company has committed to lend an additional $0.4 million in relation to these loans.

The following table presents loans by class, modified as TDRs, that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively (dollars in thousands):
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Pre-Post-Pre-Post-
ModificationModificationModificationModification
OutstandingOutstandingOutstandingOutstanding
Number ofRecordedRecordedNumber ofRecordedRecorded
ContractsInvestmentInvestmentContractsInvestmentInvestment
Commercial and industrial— $— $— — $— $— 
   1-4 Family— — — N/RN/RN/R
   Hotels— — — N/RN/RN/R
   Multi-family— — — N/RN/RN/R
   Non Owner Non-Owner Occupied— — — N/RN/RN/R
   Non Owner Owner Occupied— — — N/RN/RN/R
Commercial real estate— — — — — — 
Residential real estate11 767 767 29 2,076 2,076 
Home equity— — — 8 213 213 
Consumer— — — — — — 
Total11 $767 $767 37 $2,289 $2,289 
N/R = Not reported. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP.

The TDRs above increased the allowance for credit losses by less than $0.1 million in each of the nine months ended of September 30, 2020 and 2019 and resulted in charge-offs of less than $0.2 million during those same time periods.

The Company had one TDR that subsequently defaulted in 2019. The loan balance was approximately $3.0 million and the subsequent default resulted in a charge-off of $0.7 million and the remaining balance was transferred to OREO during 2019. The Company has had no TDRs that subsequently defaulted in 2020.

COVID-19 Pandemic

In March of 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, regulatory guidance was issued that clarified the accounting for loan modifications. Modifications of loan terms do not automatically result in a TDR. Short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extension of repayment terms, or other delays that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time the modification program was implemented. However, these deferrals do not absolve the company from performing its normal risk rating and therefore a loan could be current and have a less than satisfactory risk rating.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company granted deferrals of approximately $135 million to its mortgage customers. These deferral arrangements ranged from 30 days to 90 days. As of September 30, 2020, approximately $15 million of these loans were still deferring, while approximately $120 million have resumed making their normal loan payment. As of September 30, 2020, approximately $4 million of these deferrals were previously and currently considered TDRs due to Chapter 7 bankruptcies.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company granted deferrals of approximately $455 million to its commercial customers. These deferral arrangements ranged from one month to six months. As of September 30, 2020, approximately $180 million of these loans were still deferring (including $160 million for hotel and lodging related loans), while approximately $275 million have resumed making their normal loan payment.
Credit Quality Indicators
 
All commercial loans within the portfolio are subject to internal risk rating.  All non-commercial loans are evaluated based on payment history.  The Company’s internal risk ratings for commercial loans are:  Exceptional, Good, Acceptable, Pass/Watch, Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful.  Each internal risk rating is defined in the loan policy using the following criteria:  balance sheet yields; ratios and leverage; cash flow spread and coverage; prior history; capability of management; market position/industry; potential impact of changing economic, legal, regulatory or environmental conditions; purpose; structure; collateral support; and guarantor support.  Risk grades are generally assigned by the primary lending officer and are periodically evaluated by the Company’s internal loan review process.  Based on an individual loan’s risk grade, estimated loss percentages are applied to the outstanding balance of the loan to determine the amount of probable loss.
 
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information regarding the customer’s debt service ability, capacity and overall collateral position, along with other economic trends and historical payment performance.  The risk rating for each credit is updated when the Company receives current financial information, the loan is reviewed by the Company’s internal loan review and credit administration departments, or the loan becomes delinquent or impaired.  The risk grades are updated a minimum of annually for loans rated Exceptional, Good, Acceptable, or Pass/Watch.  Loans rated Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful are reviewed at least quarterly.  The Company uses the following definitions for its risk ratings:

Risk RatingDescription
Pass ratings: 
   (a) ExceptionalLoans classified as exceptional are secured with liquid collateral conforming to the internal loan policy.  Loans rated within this category pose minimal risk of loss to the bank. 
   (b) GoodLoans classified as good have similar characteristics that include a strong balance sheet, satisfactory debt service coverage ratios, strong management and/or guarantors, and little exposure to economic cycles. Loans in this category generally have a low chance of loss to the bank.
   (c) AcceptableLoans classified as acceptable have acceptable liquidity levels, adequate debt service coverage ratios, experienced management, and have average exposure to economic cycles.  Loans within this category generally have a low risk of loss to the bank. 
   (d) Pass/WatchLoans classified as pass/watch have erratic levels of leverage and/or liquidity, cash flow is volatile and the borrower is subject to moderate economic risk.  A borrower in this category poses a low to moderate risk of loss to the bank. 
Special MentionLoans classified as special mention have a potential weakness(es) that deserves management’s close attention.  The potential weakness could result in deterioration of the loan repayment or the bank’s credit position at some future date.  A loan rated in this category poses a moderate loss risk to the bank. 
SubstandardLoans classified as substandard reflect a customer with a well defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt.  Loans in this category have the possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and the bank’s collateral value is weakened by the financial deterioration of the borrower. 
DoubtfulLoans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristics that make collection of the full contract amount highly improbable.  Loans rated in this category are most likely to cause the bank to have a loss due to a collateral shortfall or a negative capital position. 
Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans at September 30, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
20202019201820172016PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial and industrial
Pass$104,483 $71,222 $61,613 $32,056 $17,912 $10,944 $76,538 $374,768 
Special mention83 43 14 60 — 437 414 1,051 
Substandard158 1,584 1,075 760 323 2,177 2,084 8,161 
Total$104,724 $72,849 $62,702 $32,876 $18,235 $13,558 $79,036 $383,980 

Commercial real estate -
Total
Pass$229,396 $314,931 $183,421 $149,838 $161,976 $304,069 $27,339 $1,370,970 
Special mention396 5,287 1,209 156 185 3,643 — 10,876 
Substandard1,171 22,495 4,559 13,388 9,695 31,226 321 82,855 
Total$230,963 $342,713 $189,189 $163,382 $171,856 $338,938 $27,660 $1,464,701 

Commercial real estate -
1-4 Family
Pass$17,131 $19,426 $9,164 $7,563 $6,859 $35,406 $10,526 $106,075 
Special mention171 — — 24 162 957 — 1,314 
Substandard120 363 — 943 105 5,151 — 6,682 
Total$17,422 $19,789 $9,164 $8,530 $7,126 $41,514 $10,526 $114,071 

Commercial real estate -
Hotels
Pass$23,983 $95,401 $26,376 $39,848 $21,521 $44,727 $— $251,856 
Substandard344 15,412 — 9,622 4,502 14,253 — 44,133 
Total$24,327 $110,813 $26,376 $49,470 $26,023 $58,980 $— $295,989 

Commercial real estate -
Multi-family
Pass$69,894 $56,692 $2,815 $21,086 $32,657 $27,559 $1,153 $211,856 
Special mention— 1,903 556 — — — — 2,459 
Substandard— — — — — 79 — 79 
Total$69,894 $58,595 $3,371 $21,086 $32,657 $27,638 $1,153 $214,394 

Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied
Pass$100,384 $115,117 $118,026 $55,387 $80,109 $142,361 $10,399 $621,783 
Special mention17 511 597 43 — 149 — 1,317 
Substandard590 1,386 1,166 65 1,204 1,143 160 5,714 
Total$100,991 $117,014 $119,789 $55,495 $81,313 $143,653 $10,559 $628,814 
Revolving
Term LoansLoans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk LevelAmortized
20202019201820172016PriorCost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Owner Occupied
Pass$18,004 $28,295 $27,040 $25,954 $20,830 $54,016 $5,261 $179,400 
Special mention208 2,873 56 89 23 2,537 — 5,786 
Substandard117 5,334 3,393 2,758 3,884 10,600 161 26,247 
Total$18,329 $36,502 $30,489 $28,801 $24,737 $67,153 $5,422 $211,433 

Residential real estate
Performing$323,949 $257,334 $197,654 $147,323 $114,310 $458,828 $117,884 $1,617,282 
Non-performing— 201 44 122 146 1,544 1,926 3,983 
Total$323,949 $257,535 $197,698 $147,445 $114,456 $460,372 $119,810 $1,621,265 

Home equity
Performing$7,765 $6,757 $6,363 $2,373 $1,828 $11,233 $103,742 $140,061 
Non-performing— — — — — — 74 74 
Total$7,765 $6,757 $6,363 $2,373 $1,828 $11,233 $103,816 $140,135 

Consumer
Performing$13,561 $16,784 $10,371 $3,805 $2,055 $2,106 $1,859 $50,541 
Non-performing— — — — — — — — 
Total$13,561 $16,784 $10,371 $3,805 $2,055 $2,106 $1,859 $50,541 


The following table presents the Company’s commercial loans by credit quality indicators, by portfolio loan classification (in thousands), as of December 31, 2019:
Commercial and IndustrialCommercial Real EstateTotal
Pass$276,847 $1,408,644 $1,685,491 
Special mention2,472 13,838 16,310 
Substandard28,696 37,255 65,951 
Total$308,015 $1,459,737 $1,767,752 
     
The following table presents the Company's non-commercial loans by payment performance, by portfolio loan classification (in thousands), as of December 31, 2019:
PerformingNon-PerformingTotal
Residential real estate$1,636,920 $3,476 $1,640,396 
Home equity148,397 531 148,928 
Consumer54,263 — 54,263 
Total$1,839,580 $4,007 $1,843,587