DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Feb. 02, 2013

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Organization, Consolidation, Basis of Presentation, Business Description and Accounting Policies [Text Block]

NOTE 1 — DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of business. The primary business of Fred's, Inc. and subsidiaries is the sale of general merchandise through its retail discount stores and full service pharmacies. In addition, the Company sells general merchandise to its 21 franchisees. As of February 2, 2013, the Company had 712 retail stores and 346 pharmacies located in 15 states mainly in the Southeastern United States.

Consolidated Financial Statements. The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Amounts are in thousands unless otherwise noted.

Subsequent Events. The Company has evaluated events subsequent to the balance sheet date. Based on this evaluation, we are not aware of any events or transactions requiring recognition or disclosure in our consolidated financial statements.

Fiscal year. The Company utilizes a 52 - 53 week accounting period which ends on the Saturday closest to January 31. Fiscal years 2012, 2011 and 2010, as used herein, refer to the years ended February 2, 2013, January 28, 2012 and January 29, 2011, respectively. Fiscal year 2012 had 53 weeks, and fiscal years 2011 and 2010 each had 52 weeks.

Use of estimates. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the financial statements.

Cash and cash equivalents. Cash on hand and in banks, together with other highly liquid investments which are subject to market fluctuations and having original maturities of three months or less, are classified as cash and cash equivalents.

Allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company is reimbursed for drugs sold by its pharmacies by many different payors including insurance companies, Medicare and various state Medicaid programs. The Company estimates the allowance for doubtful accounts based on the aging of receivables and additionally uses payor-specific information to assess collection risk, given its interpretation of the contract terms or applicable regulations. However, the reimbursement rates are often subject to interpretations that could result in payments that differ from the Company’s estimates. Additionally, updated regulations and contract negotiations occur frequently, necessitating the Company’s continual review and assessment of the estimation process. Senior management reviews accounts receivable on a quarterly basis to determine if any receivables are potentially uncollectible. The Company includes any accounts receivable balances that are determined to be uncollectible in its overall allowance for doubtful accounts. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance account.

Inventories. Merchandise inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market using the retail first-in, first-out method for goods in our stores and the cost first-in, first-out method for goods in our distribution centers. The retail inventory method is a reverse mark-up, averaging method which has been widely used in the retail industry for many years. This method calculates a cost-to-retail ratio that is applied to the retail value of inventory to determine the cost value of inventory and the resulting cost of goods sold and gross margin. The assumption that the retail inventory method provides for valuation at lower of cost or market and the inherent uncertainties therein are discussed in the following paragraphs.

In order to assure valuation at the lower of cost or market, the retail value of our inventory is adjusted on a consistent basis to reflect current market conditions. These adjustments include increases to the retail value of inventory for initial markups to set the selling price of goods or additional markups to adjust pricing for inflation and decreases to the retail value of inventory for markdowns associated with promotional, seasonal or other declines in the market value. Because these adjustments are made on a consistent basis and are based on current prevailing market conditions, they approximate the carrying value of the inventory at net realizable value. Therefore, after applying the cost to retail ratio, the cost value of our inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market as is prescribed by U.S. GAAP.

Because the approximation of net realizable value under the retail inventory method is based on estimates such as markups, markdowns and inventory losses, there exists an inherent uncertainty in the final determination of inventory cost and gross margin. In order to mitigate that uncertainty, the Company has a formal review by product class which considers such variables as current market trends, seasonality, weather patterns and age of merchandise to ensure that markdowns are taken currently, or a markdown reserve is established to cover future anticipated markdowns. This review also considers current pricing trends and inflation to ensure that markups are taken if necessary. The estimation of inventory losses is a significant element in approximating the carrying value of inventory at net realizable value, and as such the following paragraph describes our estimation method as well as the steps we take to mitigate the risk that this estimate has in the determination of the cost value of inventory.

The Company calculates inventory losses based on actual inventory losses occurring as a result of physical inventory counts during each fiscal period and estimated inventory losses occurring between yearly physical inventory counts. The estimate for shrink occurring in the interim period between physical counts is calculated on a store-specific basis and is based on history, as well as performance on the most recent physical count. It is calculated by multiplying each store’s shrink rate, which is based on the previously mentioned factors, by the interim period’s sales for each store. Additionally, the overall estimate for shrink is adjusted at the corporate level to a three-year historical average to ensure that the overall shrink estimate is the most accurate approximation of shrink based on the Company’s overall history of shrink. The three-year historical estimate is calculated by dividing the “book to physical” inventory adjustments for the trailing 36 months by the related sales for the same period. In order to reduce the uncertainty inherent in the shrink calculation, the Company first performs the calculation at the lowest practical level (by store) using the most current performance indicators. This ensures a more reliable number, as opposed to using a higher level aggregation or percentage method. The second portion of the calculation ensures that the extreme negative or positive performance of any particular store or group of stores does not skew the overall estimation of shrink. This portion of the calculation removes additional uncertainty by eliminating short-term peaks and valleys that could otherwise cause the underlying carrying value of inventory to fluctuate unnecessarily. The methodology that we have applied in estimating shrink has resulted in variability in result that is not material to our financial statements. The Company has experienced improvement in reducing shrink as a percentage of sales from year to year due to improved inventory control measures, which includes the chain-wide utilization of the NEX/DEX technology.

Management believes that the Company’s retail inventory method provides an inventory valuation which reasonably approximates cost and results in valuing inventory at the lower of cost or market. For pharmacy department inventories, which were approximately $33.8 million, and $40.4 million at February 2, 2013 and January 28, 2012, respectively, cost was determined using the retail LIFO ("last-in, first-out") method in which inventory cost is maintained using the retail inventory method, then adjusted by application of the highly inflationary Producer Price Index published by the U.S. Department of Labor for the cumulative annual periods. The current cost of inventories exceeded the LIFO cost by approximately $30.7 million at February 2, 2013 and $26.8 million at January 28, 2012. The LIFO reserve increased by approximately $3.9 million and $2.8 million during 2012 and 2011, respectively.

The Company has historically included an estimate of inbound freight and certain general and administrative costs in merchandise inventory as prescribed by U.S. GAAP. These costs include activities surrounding the procurement and storage of merchandise inventory such as merchandise planning and buying, warehousing, accounting, information technology and human resources, as well as inbound freight. The total amount of procurement and storage costs and inbound freight included in merchandise inventory at February 2, 2013 is $21.6 million compared to $20.3 million at January 28, 2012.

The Company did not record any below-cost inventory adjustments during the years ended February 2, 2013, January 28, 2012 and January 29, 2011 in connection with planned store closures (see Note 12 - Exit and Disposal Activity).

Property and equipment. Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets and presented in selling, general and administrative expenses. Improvements to leased premises are depreciated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the initial term of the lease or the useful life of the improvement. Leasehold improvements added late in the lease term are depreciated over the lesser of the remaining term of the lease (including the upcoming renewal option, if the renewal is reasonably assured) or the estimated useful life of the improvement. Gains or losses on the sale of assets are recorded at disposal. The following average estimated useful lives are generally applied:

	Estimated Useful Lives
Building and building improvements	8 - 31.5 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	3 - 10 years
Leasehold improvements	3 - 10  years or term of lease, if shorter
Automobiles and vehicles	3 - 10 years
Airplane	9 years

Assets under capital lease are amortized in accordance with the Company’s normal depreciation policy for owned assets or over the lease term (regardless of renewal options), if shorter, and the charge to earnings is included in depreciation expense in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Amortization expense on assets under capital lease for 2012 was $34 thousand.

Leases. Certain operating leases include rent increases during the initial lease term. For these leases, the Company recognizes the related rental expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease (which includes the pre-opening period of construction, renovation, fixturing and merchandise placement) and records the difference between the amounts charged to operations and amounts paid as a rent liability. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, which includes any rent holiday period.

The Company recognizes contingent rental expense when the achievement of specified sales targets are considered probable in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 840 “Leases”. The amount expensed but not paid was $0.7 million and $1.0 million at February 2, 2013 and January 28, 2012 respectively, and is included in “Accrued expenses and other” in the consolidated balance sheet (See Note 2 - Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Accounts).

The Company occasionally receives reimbursements from landlords to be used towards construction of the store the Company intends to lease. The reimbursement is primarily for the purpose of performing work required to divide a much larger location into smaller segments, one of which the Company will use for its store. This work could include the addition or demolition of walls, separation of plumbing, utilities, electrical work, entrances (front and back) and other work as required. Leasehold improvements are recorded at their gross costs including items reimbursed by landlords. The reimbursements are initially recorded as a deferred credit and then amortized as a reduction of rent expense over the initial lease term.

Based upon an overall analysis of store performance and expected trends, we periodically evaluate the need to close underperforming stores. When we determine that an underperforming store should be closed and a lease obligation still exists, we record the estimated future liability associated with the rental obligation on the date the store is closed in accordance with FASB ASC 420, “Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations.” Liabilities are computed based at the point of closure for the present value of any remaining operating lease obligations, net of estimated sublease income, and at the communication date for severance and other exit costs, as prescribed by FASB ASC 420. The assumptions in calculating the liability include the timeframe expected to terminate the lease agreement, estimates related to the sublease of potential closed locations, and estimation of other related exit costs. If the actual timing and the potential termination costs or realization of sublease income differ from our estimates, the resulting liabilities could vary from recorded amounts. We periodically review the liability for closed stores and make adjustments when necessary.

Impairment of long-lived assets. The Company’s policy is to review the carrying value of all property and equipment as well as purchased intangible assets subject to amortization for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. In accordance with FASB ASC 360, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” we review for impairment all stores open at least 3 years or remodeled for more than two years. Impairment results when the carrying value of the assets exceeds the undiscounted future cash flows over the life of the lease, or 10 years for owned stores. Our estimate of undiscounted future cash flows over the lease term is based upon historical operations of the stores and estimates of future store profitability which encompasses many factors that are subject to management’s judgment and are difficult to predict. If a long-lived asset is found to be impaired, the amount recognized for impairment is equal to the difference between the carrying value and the asset’s fair value. The fair value is based on estimated market values for similar assets or other reasonable estimates of fair market value based upon using a discounted cash flow model.

Impairment of $0.2 million for the planned store closures was recorded in 2010 with no impairments recognized in 2011 or 2012.

Revenue recognition. The Company markets goods and services through 691 Company owned stores and 21 franchised stores as of February 2, 2013. Net sales includes sales of merchandise from Company owned stores, net of returns and exclusive of sales taxes. Sales to franchised stores are recorded when the merchandise is shipped from the Company’s warehouse. Revenues resulting from layaway sales are recorded upon delivery of the merchandise to the customer.

The Company also sells gift cards for which the revenue is recognized at time of redemption. The Company records a gift card liability on the date the gift card is issued to the customer. Revenue is recognized and the gift card liability is reduced as the customer redeems the gift card. The Company will recognize aged liabilities as revenue when the likelihood of the gift card being redeemed is remote. The Company has not recognized any revenue from gift card breakage since the inception of the program in May 2004 and does not expect to record any gift card breakage revenue until there is more certainty regarding our ability to retain such amounts in light of current consumer protection and state escheatment laws.

In addition, the Company charges the franchised stores a fee based on a percentage of their purchases from the Company. These fees represent a reimbursement for use of the Fred's name and other administrative costs incurred on behalf of the franchised stores and are therefore netted against selling, general and administrative expenses. Total franchise income for 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $1.7 million, $1.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

Cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold includes the purchase cost of inventory and the freight costs to the Company’s distribution centers. Warehouse and occupancy costs, including depreciation and amortization, are not included in cost of goods sold, but are included as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses.

Vendor rebates and allowances. The Company receives rebates for a variety of merchandising activities, such as volume commitment rebates, relief for temporary and permanent price reductions, cooperative advertising programs, and for the introduction of new products in our stores. FASB ASC 605-50 “Customer Payments and Incentives” addresses the accounting and income statement classification for consideration given by a vendor to a retailer in connection with the sale of the vendor’s products or for the promotion of sales of the vendor’s products. Such consideration received from vendors is reflected as a decrease in prices paid for inventory and recognized in cost of sales as the related inventory is sold, unless specific criteria are met qualifying the consideration for treatment as reimbursement of specific, identifiable incremental costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. The Company includes buying, warehousing, distribution, advertising, depreciation and amortization and occupancy costs in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Advertising. In accordance with FASB ASC 720-35 “Advertising Costs”, the Company charges advertising, including production costs, to selling, general and administrative expense on the first day of the advertising period. Gross advertising expenses for 2012, 2011 and 2010, were $24.0 million, $21.9 million and $24.5 million, respectively. Gross advertising expenses were reduced by vendor cooperative advertising allowances of $2.4 million, $2.4 million and $2.4 million, for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. It would be the Company’s intention to incur a similar amount of advertising expense as in prior years and in support of our stores even if we did not receive support from our vendors in the form of cooperative advertising programs.

Preopening costs. The Company charges to expense the preopening costs of new stores as incurred. These costs are primarily labor to stock the store, rent, preopening advertising, store supplies and other expendable items.

Intangible assets. Other identifiable intangible assets primarily represent customer lists associated with acquired pharmacies and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over five years. Intangibles, net of accumulated amortization, totaled $41.8 million at February 2, 2013, and $32.1 million at January 28, 2012. Accumulated amortization at February 2, 2013 and January 28, 2012 totaled $42.2 million and $31.7 million, respectively. Amortization expense for 2012, 2011 and 2010, was $10.5 million, $6.9 million and $5.5 million, respectively. Estimated amortization expense in millions for each of the next 5 years is as follows: 2013 - $12.2 million, 2014 - $10.7 million, 2015 - $8.6 million, 2016 - $6.4 million and 2017 - $2.6 million.

Fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy, as defined below, gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs.

· Level 1, defined as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.

· Level 2, defined as Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

· Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

At February 2, 2013, the Company did not have any outstanding derivative instruments. The recorded value of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and indebtedness, approximates fair value. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate fair value of each class of financial instrument: (1) the carrying amounts of current assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments and (2) the fair value of the Company’s indebtedness is estimated based on the current borrowing rates available to the Company for bank loans with similar terms and average maturities. Most of our indebtedness is under variable interest rates.

Insurance reserves. The Company is largely self-insured for workers compensation, general liability and employee medical insurance. The Company’s liability for self-insurance is determined based on claims known at the time of determination of the reserve and estimates for future payments against incurred losses and claims that have been incurred but not reported. Estimates for future claims costs include uncertainty because of the variability of the factors involved, such as the type of injury or claim, required services by the providers, healing time, age of claimant, case management costs, location of the claimant, and governmental regulations. These uncertainties or a deviation in future claims trends from recent historical patterns could result in the Company recording additional expenses or expense reductions that might be material to the Company’s results of operations. The Company’s worker's compensation and general liability insurance policy coverages run August 1 through July 31 of each fiscal year. Our employee medical insurance policy coverage runs from January 1 through December 31. The Company purchases excess insurance coverage for certain of its self-insured liabilities, or stop loss coverage. The stop loss limits for excessive or catastrophic claims for general liability remained at $350,000, worker’s compensation remained at $500,000 and employee medical remained at $175,000. The Company’s insurance reserve was $10.1 million and $10.3 million on February 2, 2013 and January 28, 2012, respectively. Changes in the reserve over fiscal 2012 were attributable to additional reserve requirements of $84.6 million netted with payments of $84.8 million.

Stock-based compensation. The Company uses the fair value recognition provisions of FASB ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, using the modified prospective transition method. Under this method, compensation expense recognized post adoption includes: (1) compensation expense for all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of January 29, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of FASB ASC 718, and (2) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted subsequent to January 29, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 718. Stock based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the employee’s requisite service period.

Effective January 29, 2006, the Company elected to adopt the alternative transition method provided in FASB ASC 718 for calculating the income tax effects of stock-based compensation. The alternative transition method includes simplified methods to establish the beginning balance of the additional paid-in-capital pool (“APIC Pool”) related to the income tax effects of stock based compensation, and for determining the subsequent impact on the APIC pool and consolidated statements of cash flows of the income tax effects of stock-based compensation awards that are outstanding upon adoption of FASB ASC 718.

FASB ASC 718 also requires the benefits of income tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow. The impact of adopting FASB ASC 718 on future results will depend on, among other things, levels of share-based payments granted in the future, actual forfeiture rates and the timing of option exercises.

Stock-based compensation expense, post adoption of FASB ASC 718, is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, and therefore has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant based on the Company’s historical forfeiture experience and will be revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Income taxes. The Company reports income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Under FASB ASC 740, the asset and liability method is used for computing future income tax consequences of events, which have been recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements or income tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income tax expense or benefit is the net change during the year in the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities (see Note 5 – Income Taxes).

In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Interpretation No. 48 (“FASB ASC 740”), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – An Interpretation of FASB Statement 109. Effective February 4, 2007, we adopted FASB ASC 740, which clarifies the accounting for uncertainties in income taxes recognized in the Company’s financial statements in accordance with FASB ASC 740 by defining the criterion that an individual tax position must meet in order to be recognized in the financial statements. FASB ASC 740 requires that the tax effects of a position be recognized only if it is “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained based solely on the technical merits as of the reporting date (see Note 5 – Income Taxes).

Business segments. The Company operates in a single reportable operating segment.

Comprehensive income. Comprehensive income consists of two components, net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to gains and losses that under generally accepted accounting principles are recorded as an element of shareholders’ equity but are excluded from net income. The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income includes the effect of adopting SFAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)(“SFAS No. 158”) codified in FASB ASC 715 “Compensation – Retirement Benefits”. See Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Reclassifications. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2012 presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U. S. GAAP and IFRSs, which amended the current fair value measurement and disclosure guidance to include increased transparency around valuation inputs and investment categorization. This guidance became effective in fiscal 2012. The adoption of ASU 2011-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated net earnings, cash flows or financial position.

In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 22): Presentation of Comprehensive Income, which revised the current practice of including other comprehensive income within the equity section of the statement of financial position and requires disclosure of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in a separate statement. This guidance became effective in fiscal 2012. The adoption of ASU 2011-05 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated net earnings, cash flows or financial position, but the adoption did change the presentation of other comprehensive income in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In February 2013, an update was issued regarding ASU 2011-05, which requires an entity to present, either on the face of the income statement or as a separate disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, the effects on net income of significant amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income if those amounts all are required under other Topics to be reclassified to net income in their entirety in the same reporting period. The update of ASU 2011-05 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated net earnings, cash flows or financial position.