Note 6. Loan Quality

Management utilizes a risk rating scale ranging from 1 (Prime) to 9 (Loss) to evaluate loan quality. This risk rating scale is used primarily for commercial purpose loans. Consumer purpose loans are identified as either a pass or substandard rating. Substandard consumer loans are loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing. Loans rated 1 – 4 are considered pass credits. Loans that are rated 5 are pass credits, but have been identified as credits that are likely to warrant additional attention and monitoring. Loans rated 6-Special Mention or worse begin to receive enhanced monitoring and reporting by the Bank. Loans rated 7-Substandard or 8-Doubtful exhibit the greatest financial weakness and present the greatest possible risk of loss to the Bank. Nonaccrual loans are rated no better than 7 - Substandard. The following represents some of the factors used in determining the risk rating of a borrower: cash flow, debt coverage, liquidity, management, and collateral. Risk ratings, for pass credits, are generally reviewed annually for term debt and at renewal for revolving or renewing debt. The Bank monitors loan quality by reviewing four measurements: (1) loans rated 6 or worse (collectively “watch list”), (2) delinquent loans, (3) other real estate owned (OREO), and (4) net-charge-offs.

The following table reports on the risk rating for those loans in the portfolio that are assigned an individual risk rating as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful
(Dollars in thousands)	(1-5)		(6)		(7)		(8)		Total
December 31, 2017
Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family
First liens	$	157,395	$	—	$	1,039	$	—	$	158,434
Junior liens and lines of credit		50,371		—		—		—		50,371
Total		207,766		—		1,039		—		208,805
Residential real estate - construction		8,893		—		1,008		—		9,901
Commercial real estate		419,277		680		8,471		—		428,428
Commercial		289,916		—		1,603		—		291,519
Consumer		5,047		—		—		—		5,047
Total	$	930,899	$	680	$	12,121	$	—	$	943,700



December 31, 2016
Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family
First liens	$	167,199	$	227	$	1,144	$	—	$	168,570
Junior liens and lines of credit		50,017		28		168		—		50,213
Total		217,216		255		1,312		—		218,783
Residential real estate - construction		8,220		—		755		—		8,975
Commercial real estate		377,283		—		13,301		—		390,584
Commercial		267,901		957		1,968		—		270,826
Consumer		4,705		—		—		—		4,705
Total	$	875,325	$	1,212	$	17,336	$	—	$	893,873

Delinquent loans are a result of borrowers’ cash flow and/or alternative sources of cash being insufficient to repay loans. The Bank’s likelihood of collateral liquidation to repay the loans becomes more probable the further behind a borrower falls, particularly when loans reach 90 days or more past due. Management monitors the performance status of loans by the use of an aging report. The aging report can provide an early indicator of loans that may become severely delinquent and possibly result in a loss to the Bank.

The following table presents the aging of payments in the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:



(Dollars in thousands)			Loans Past Due and Still Accruing										Total
	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days+		Total		Non-Accrual		Loans
December 31, 2017
Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family
First liens	$	157,247	$	485	$	534	$	—	$	1,019	$	168	$	158,434
Junior liens and lines of credit		50,202		139		30		—		169		—		50,371
Total		207,449		624		564		—		1,188		168		208,805
Residential real estate - construction		9,435		—		—		—		—		466		9,901
Commercial real estate		425,806		421		347		—		768		1,854		428,428
Commercial		291,221		111		—		—		111		187		291,519
Consumer		5,017		23		7		—		30		—		5,047
Total	$	938,928	$	1,179	$	918	$	—	$	2,097	$	2,675	$	943,700



December 31, 2016
Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family
First liens	$	166,689	$	1,236	$	414	$	—	$	1,650	$	231	$	168,570
Junior liens and lines of credit		50,031		96		—		—		96		86		50,213
Total		216,720		1,332		414		—		1,746		317		218,783
Residential real estate - construction		8,495		—		—		—		—		480		8,975
Commercial real estate		384,658		858		447		665		1,970		3,956		390,584
Commercial		270,478		250		75		—		325		23		270,826
Consumer		4,672		30		3		—		33		—		4,705
Total	$	885,023	$	2,470	$	939	$	665	$	4,074	$	4,776	$	893,873

Impaired loans generally represent Management’s determination that the borrower will be unable to repay the loan in accordance with its contractual terms and that collateral liquidation may or may not fully repay both interest and principal. It is the Bank’s policy to evaluate the probable collectability of principal and interest due under terms of loan contracts for all loans 90-days or more, nonaccrual loans, or impaired loans. Further, it is the Bank’s policy to discontinue accruing interest on loans that are not adequately secured and in the process of collection. Upon determination of nonaccrual status, the Bank subtracts any current year accrued and unpaid interest from its income, and any prior year accrued and unpaid interest from the allowance for loan losses. Management continually monitors the status of nonperforming loans, the value of any collateral and potential of risk of loss. Nonaccrual loans are rated no better than 7-Substandard. At December 31, 2017, the Bank had $132 thousand of residential properties in the process of foreclosure compared to $123 thousand at the end of 2016.

Interest not recognized on nonaccrual loans was $159 thousand, $175 thousand and $335 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. In addition to monitoring nonaccrual loans, the Bank also closely monitors impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings. A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all interest and principal payments due according to the originally contracted terms of the loan agreement. Nonaccrual loans, excluding consumer purpose loans, and troubled-debt restructuring (TDR) loans are considered impaired. For impaired loans with balances less than $250 thousand and consumer purpose loans, a specific reserve analysis is not performed and these loans are added to the general allocation pool. These loans totaled $677 thousand at December 31, 2017 and are comprised primarily of loans secured by residential real estate. Management does not believe that excluding these loans from the specific reserve analysis presents any additional risk. Impaired loans totaled $12.6 million at December 31, 2017 compared to $15.1 million at December 31, 2016. The following tables present information on impaired loans:



	Impaired Loans
	With No Allowance				With Allowance
(Dollars in thousands)			Unpaid				Unpaid
	Recorded		Principal		Recorded		Principal		Related
December 31, 2017	Investment		Balance		Investment		Balance		Allowance
Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family
First liens	$	869	$	950	$	—	$	—	$	—
Junior liens and lines of credit		—		—		—		—		—
Total		869		950		—		—		—
Residential real estate - construction		466		531		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		11,061		11,541		—		—		—
Commercial		187		201		—		—		—
Total	$	12,583	$	13,223	$	—	$	—	$	—



December 31, 2016
Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family
First liens	$	956	$	1,030	$	—	$	—	$	—
Junior liens and lines of credit		85		93		—		—		—
Total		1,041		1,123		—		—		—
Residential real estate - construction		480		535		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		13,523		14,133				—		—
Commercial		23		35		—		—		—
Total	$	15,067	$	15,826	$	—	$	—	$	—


	Twelve Months Ended
	December 31, 2017				December 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
	Average		Interest		Average		Interest		Average		Interest
(Dollars in thousands)	Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized
Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family
First liens	$	1,083	$	39	$	1,194	$	38	$	1,531	$	13
Junior liens and lines of credit		64		—		93		1		105		—
Total		1,147		39		1,287		39		1,636		13
Residential real estate - construction		473		—		492		4		505		—
Commercial real estate		11,938		435		17,806		589		14,509		122
Commercial		245		—		32		—		278		—
Total	$	13,803	$	474	$	19,617	$	632	$	16,928	$	135

A loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) if the creditor (the Bank), for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. These concessions may include lowering the interest rate, extending the maturity, reamortization of payment, or a combination of multiple concessions. The Bank reviews all loans rated 6 or worse when it is providing a loan restructure, modification or new credit facility to determine if the action is a TDR. If a TDR loan is placed on nonaccrual status, it remains on nonaccrual status for at least six months to ensure performance.

The following table presents TDR loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:


								Troubled Debt Restructurings
								That Have Defaulted on
								Modified Terms in the
(Dollars in thousands)	Troubled Debt Restructurings							Last Twelve Months
	Number of	Recorded						Number of	Recorded
	Contracts	Investment		Performing*		Nonperforming*		Contracts	Investment
December 31, 2017
Residential real estate - construction	1	$	466	$	466	$	—	—	$	—
Residential real estate	5		737		701		36	1		39
Commercial real estate	11		10,983		10,388		595	1		595
Total	17	$	12,186	$	11,555	$	631	2	$	634


December 31, 2016
Residential real estate - construction	1	$	480	$	480	$	—	—	$	—
Residential real estate	5		875		724		151	1		151
Commercial real estate	11		12,064		10,814		1,250	1		1,250
Total	17	$	13,419	$	12,018	$	1,401	2	$	1,401

*The performing status is determined by the loan’s compliance with the modified terms.

There were no new TDR loans made during the year ended December 31, 2017.

The following table reports new TDR loans made during 2016, concession granted and the recorded investment as of December 31, 2016:


	New During Period
Twelve Months Ended	Number of	Pre-TDR		After-TDR		Recorded
December 31, 2016	Contracts	Modification		Modification		Investment		Concession
Commercial real estate	1	$	525	$	525	$	513	multiple
Residential real estate	1		238		238		237	maturity
Total	2	$	763	$	763	$	750

Allowance for Loan Losses:

Management monitors loan performance on a monthly basis and performs a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses (ALL). The ALL is determined by segmenting the loan portfolio based on the loan’s collateral. When calculating the ALL, consideration is given to a variety of factors in establishing this estimate including, but not limited to, current economic conditions, diversification of the loan portfolio, delinquency statistics, results of internal loan reviews, historical charge-offs, the adequacy of the underlying collateral (if collateral dependent) and other relevant factors. The Bank begins enhanced monitoring of all loans rated 6 - Special Mention or worse, and obtains a new appraisal or asset valuation for any placed on nonaccrual and rated 7 - Substandard or worse. Management, at its discretion, may determine that additional adjustments to the appraisal or valuation are required. Valuation adjustments will be made as necessary based on factors, including, but not limited to: the economy, deferred maintenance, industry, type of property/equipment, age of the appraisal, etc. and the knowledge Management has about a particular situation. In addition, the cost to sell or liquidate the collateral is also estimated and deducted from the valuation in order to determine the net realizable value to the Bank. When determining the allowance for loan losses, certain factors involved in the evaluation are inherently subjective and require material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change, including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans. Management monitors the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses on an ongoing basis and reports its adequacy quarterly to the Credit Risk Oversight Committee of the Board of Directors. Management believes that the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2017 is adequate.

The following table shows, by loan class, the activity in the Allowance for Loan Loss (ALL), for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:


	Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family
	First		Junior Liens &				Commercial
(Dollars in thousands)	Liens		Lines of Credit		Construction		Real Estate		Commercial		Consumer		Unallocated		Total

ALL at December 31, 2014	$	994	$	271	$	214	$	4,978	$	1,515	$	127	$	1,012	$	9,111
Charge-offs		(43)		(39)		(21)		—		(270)		(198)		—		(571)
Recoveries		7		—		18		14		148		74		—		261
Provision		31		76		(17)		657		126		99		313		1,285
ALL at December 31, 2015	$	989	$	308	$	194	$	5,649	$	1,519	$	102	$	1,325	$	10,086

ALL at December 31, 2015	$	989	$	308	$	194	$	5,649	$	1,519	$	102	$	1,325	$	10,086
Charge-offs		(49)		—		(41)		(2,751)		(74)		(167)		—		(3,082)
Recoveries		35		—		—		19		167		75		—		296
Provision		130		15		71		3,192		281		90		(4)		3,775
ALL at December 31, 2016	$	1,105	$	323	$	224	$	6,109	$	1,893	$	100	$	1,321	$	11,075

ALL at December 31, 2016	$	1,105	$	323	$	224	$	6,109	$	1,893	$	100	$	1,321	$	11,075
Charge-offs		(13)		—		—		(14)		(8)		(102)		—		(137)
Recoveries		2		11		—		17		117		37		—		184
Provision		(34)		(4)		—		414		108		70		116		670
ALL at December 31, 2017	$	1,060	$	330	$	224	$	6,526	$	2,110	$	105	$	1,437	$	11,792

The following table shows, by loan class, the loans that were evaluated for the Allowance for Loan Loss (ALL) under a specific reserve (individually) and those that were evaluated under a general reserve (collectively), and the amount of the allowance established in each category as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family
	First		Junior Liens &				Commercial
(Dollars in thousands)	Liens		Lines of Credit		Construction		Real Estate		Commercial		Consumer		Unallocated		Total

December 31, 2017
Loans evaluated for ALL:
Individually	$	459	$	—	$	466	$	10,981	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	11,906
Collectively		157,975		50,371		9,435		417,447		291,519		5,047		—		931,794
Total	$	158,434	$	50,371	$	9,901	$	428,428	$	291,519	$	5,047	$	—	$	943,700

ALL established for loans evaluated:
Individually	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively		1,060		330		224		6,526		2,110		105		1,437		11,792
ALL at December 31, 2017	$	1,060	$	330	$	224	$	6,526	$	2,110	$	105	$	1,437	$	11,792

December 31, 2016
Loans evaluated for ALL:
Individually	$	628	$	52	$	480	$	13,523	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	14,683
Collectively		167,942		50,161		8,495		377,061		270,826		4,705		—		879,190
Total	$	168,570	$	50,213	$	8,975	$	390,584	$	270,826	$	4,705	$	—	$	893,873

ALL established for loans evaluated:
Individually	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively		1,105		323		224		6,109		1,893		100		1,321		11,075
ALL at December 31, 2016	$	1,105	$	323	$	224	$	6,109	$	1,893	$	100	$	1,321	$	11,075