Note J — Income Taxes

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:



	May 31,
In millions	2016		2015
Deferred tax assets:
Compensation and employee benefit liabilities	$	21.4	$	20.9
Other current liabilities		7.9		6.9
Tax credit carry forward		40.0		40.1
Depreciation		8.8		11.9
Stock-based compensation		22.0		21.6
Tax benefit of uncertain tax positions		18.6		15.7
Other		7.1		9.2
Gross deferred tax assets		125.8		126.3
Deferred tax liabilities:
Capitalized software		56.3		53.6
Depreciation		2.5		3.8
Goodwill and intangible assets		58.5		52.0
Revenue not subject to current taxes		13.3		13.1
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities		17.3		5.3
Other		—		0.3
Gross deferred tax liabilities		147.9		128.1
Net deferred tax liability	$	(22.1)	$	(1.8)

The deferred tax asset related to tax credit carry forward consists of alternative minimum tax credits, which may be carried forward indefinitely.

The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:



	Year ended May 31,
In millions	2016		2015		2014
Current:
Federal	$	336.4	$	341.4	$	314.5
State		50.8		47.8		51.0
Total current		387.2		389.2		365.5
Deferred:
Federal		5.5		(5.1)		(3.5)
State		1.6		1.0		(1.4)
Total deferred		7.1		(4.1)		(4.9)
Income taxes	$	394.3	$	385.1	$	360.6

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:



	Year ended May 31,
	2016		2015		2014
Federal statutory tax rate	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%
Increase/(decrease) resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	3.0	%	3.0	%	3.3	%
Section 199 - Qualified production activities	(2.4)	%	—	%	—	%
Tax-exempt municipal bond interest	(1.4)	%	(1.5)	%	(1.5)	%
Other items	0.1	%	(0.2)	%	(0.3)	%
Effective income tax rate	34.3	%	36.3	%	36.5	%

During fiscal 2016, the Company engaged tax specialists to assess the qualification of its customer-facing computer software for the federal “Qualified Production Activities Deduction” under Internal Revenue Code Section 199, and the regulations thereunder. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that certain of its software offerings qualified for this tax deduction for fiscal 2016 and prior tax years that remain open to IRS examination. The Company submitted claims to recover these tax benefits for prior tax years and will claim the fiscal 2016 tax benefits when it files its fiscal 2016 tax return. Accordingly, the Company recognized the tax benefits, and related tax reserves, for its qualified customer-facing activities in these years in fiscal 2016.

Uncertain income tax positions: The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax, numerous local and state tax jurisdictions within the U.S., and income taxes in Germany. The Company maintains a reserve for uncertain tax positions. As of May 31, 2016 and May 31, 2015, the total reserve for uncertain tax positions, including interest and net of federal benefits, was $54.2 million and $29.1 million, respectively, and were included in long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits, not including interest or other potential offsetting effects, is as follows:



	Year ended May 31,
In millions	2016		2015		2014
Balance as of beginning of fiscal year	$	39.9	$	40.0	$	26.7
Additions for tax positions of the current year		7.3		6.7		11.2
Additions for tax positions of prior years		20.7		0.8		4.2
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(0.1)		(0.4)		(1.8)
Settlements with tax authorities		(2.2)		(1.2)		—
Expiration of the statute of limitations		(0.9)		(6.0)		(0.3)
Balance as of end of fiscal year	$	64.7	$	39.9	$	40.0

The reserve as of May 31, 2016 substantially relates to the Company’s uncertain tax positions for certain federal and state income tax matters. The Company believes the reserve for uncertain tax positions, including interest and net of federal benefits, of $54.2 million as of May 31, 2016 adequately covers open tax years and uncertain tax positions up to and including fiscal 2016 for major taxing jurisdictions. As of May 31, 2016 and May 31, 2015, the entire $54.2 million and $29.1 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective income tax rate.

The Company has concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters through the fiscal year ended May 31, 2011. Fiscal years 2012 through 2014 are currently under audit by the IRS and fiscal years 2015 and 2016 are subject to potential audit. With limited exception, state income tax audits by taxing authorities are closed through the fiscal year ended May 31, 2011, primarily due to expiration of the statute of limitations.

The Company continues to follow its policy of recognizing interest and penalties accrued on tax positions as a component of income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The amount of accrued interest and penalties associated with the Company’s tax positions is immaterial to the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of interest and penalties recognized for fiscal years 2016, 2015, and 2014 was immaterial to the Company’s results of operations.