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ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND CREDIT QUALITY
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND CREDIT QUALITY  
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND CREDIT QUALITY ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND CREDIT QUALITY
The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for expected credit losses. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes that the principal is uncollectable. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Allocations of the allowance are made for specific loans and for pools of similar types of loans, although the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged against the allowance. A provision for credit losses is taken based on management’s ongoing evaluation of the appropriate allowance balance. A formal evaluation of the adequacy of the credit loss allowance is conducted monthly. The ultimate recovery of all loans is susceptible to future market factors beyond the Company’s control.
The level of credit loss provision is influenced by growth in the overall loan portfolio, emerging market risk, emerging concentration risk, commercial loan focus and large credit concentration, new industry lending activity, general economic conditions and historical loss analysis. In addition, management gives consideration to changes in the facts and circumstances of watch list credits, which includes the security position of the borrower, in determining the appropriate level of the credit loss provision. Furthermore, management’s overall view on credit quality is a factor in the determination of the provision.
The determination of the appropriate allowance is inherently subjective, as it requires significant estimates by management. The Company has an established process to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses that generally includes consideration of changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio and overall portfolio quality, along with current and forecasted economic conditions that may affect borrowers’ ability to repay. Consideration is not limited to these factors although they represent the most commonly cited factors. To determine the specific allocation levels for individual credits, management considers the current valuation of collateral and the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows as the primary measures. Management also considers trends in adversely classified loans based upon an ongoing review of those credits. With respect to pools of similar loans, an appropriate level of general allowance is determined by portfolio segment using a probability of default-loss given default (“PD/LGD”) model, subject to a floor. A default can be triggered by one of several different asset quality factors, including past due status, nonaccrual status, TDR status or if the loan has had a charge-off. This PD is then combined with a LGD derived from historical charge-off data to construct a default rate. This loss rate is then supplemented with adjustments for reasonable and supportable forecasts of relevant economic indicators, particularly the unemployment rate forecast from the Federal Open Market Committee’s Summary of Economic Projections, and other environmental factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These environmental factors include consideration of the following: levels of, and trends in, delinquencies and nonperforming loans; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedure, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations. It is also possible that these factors could include social, political, economic, and terrorist events or activities. All of these factors are susceptible to change, which may be significant. As a result of this detailed process, the allowance results in two forms of allocations, specific and general. These two components represent the total allowance for credit losses deemed adequate to cover probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio.
Commercial loans are subject to a dual standardized grading process administered by the credit administration function. These grade assignments are performed independent of each other and a consensus is reached by credit administration and the loan review officer. Specific allowances are established in cases where management has identified significant conditions or circumstances related to an individual credit that indicate it should be evaluated on an individual basis. Considerations with respect to specific allocations for these individual credits include, but are not limited to, the following: (a) the sufficiency of the customer’s cash flow or net worth to repay the loan; (b) the adequacy of the discounted value of collateral relative to the loan balance; (c) whether the loan has been criticized in a regulatory examination; (d) whether the loan is nonperforming; (e) any other reasons the ultimate collectability of the loan may be in question; or (f) any unique loan characteristics that require special monitoring.
Allocations are also applied to categories of loans considered not to be individually analyzed, but for which the rate of loss is expected to be consistent with or greater than historical averages. Such allocations are based on past loss experience and information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values. These general pooled loan allocations are performed for portfolio segments of commercial and industrial; commercial real estate, multi-family, and construction; agri-business and agricultural; other commercial loans; and consumer 1-4 family mortgage and other consumer loans. General allocations of the allowance are determined by a historical loss rate based on the calculation of each pool’s probability of default-loss given default, subject to a floor. The length of the historical period for each pool is based on the average life of the pool. The historical loss rates are supplemented with consideration of economic conditions and portfolio trends.
Due to the imprecise nature of estimating the allowance for credit losses, the Company’s allowance for credit losses includes an unallocated component. The unallocated component of the allowance for credit losses incorporates the Company’s judgmental determination of potential expected losses that may not be fully reflected in other allocations, including factors such as the level of classified credits, economic uncertainties, industry trends impacting specific portfolio segments, broad portfolio quality trends, and trends in the composition of the Company’s large commercial loan portfolio and related large dollar exposures to individual borrowers. As a practical expedient, the Company has elected to disclose accrued interest separately from loan principal balances on the consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, when a loan is placed on non-accrual, interest payments are reversed through interest income.
For off balance sheet credit exposures outlined in the ASU at 326-20-30-11, it is the Company’s position that nearly all of the unfunded amounts on lines of credit are unconditionally cancellable, and therefore not subject to having a liability recorded.
The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the periods ended:
(dollars in thousands)Commercial and IndustrialCommercial Real Estate and Multifamily ResidentialAgri-business and AgriculturalOther CommercialConsumer 1-4 Family MortgageOther ConsumerUnallocatedTotal
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022                
Beginning balance, January 1$30,595 $26,535 $5,034 $1,146 $2,866 $1,147 $450 $67,773 
Provision for credit losses730 319 (273)(88)(248)(55)32 417 
Loans charged-off(19)(597)0 0 (22)(102)0 (740)
Recoveries16 0 0 0 10 50 0 76 
Net loans (charged-off) recovered(3)(597)0 0 (12)(52)0 (664)
Ending balance$31,322 $26,257 $4,761 $1,058 $2,606 $1,040 $482 $67,526 
(dollars in thousands)Commercial and IndustrialCommercial Real Estate and Multifamily ResidentialAgri-business and AgriculturalOther CommercialConsumer 1-4 Family MortgageOther ConsumerUnallocatedTotal
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021                
Beginning balance, January 1$28,333 $22,907 $3,043 $416 $2,619 $951 $3,139 $61,408 
Impact of adopting ASC 3264,312 4,316 1,060 941 953 349 (2,881)9,050 
Provision for credit losses(540)2,285 (202)(185)(233)13 339 1,477 
Loans charged-off(87)(71)(6)(72)(236)
Recoveries34 51 52 145 
Net loans (charged-off) recovered(53)(63)45 (20)(91)
Ending balance$32,052 $29,445 $3,901 $1,172 $3,384 $1,293 $597 $71,844 
Credit Quality Indicators:
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes commercial loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis for Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful grade loans and annually on Pass grade loans over $250,000.
The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
Special Mention. Loans classified as Special Mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.
Substandard. Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful. Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.
Loans are considered to be "Pass" rated when they are reviewed as part of the previously described process and do not meet the criteria above with the exception of consumer troubled debt restructurings, which are evaluated and listed with Substandard commercial grade loans and consumer nonaccrual loans which are evaluated individually and listed with “Not Rated” loans. Loans listed as Not Rated are consumer loans or commercial loans with consumer characteristics included in groups of homogenous loans which are analyzed for credit quality indicators utilizing delinquency status.
The following table summarizes the risk category of loans by loan segment and origination date as of March 31, 2022:
(dollars in thousands)20222021202020192018PriorTerm TotalRevolvingTotal
Commercial and industrial loans:                  
Working capital lines of credit loans:                  
Pass$$3,082 $764 $3,045 $$$6,891 $593,938 $600,829 
Special Mention59,209 59,209 
Substandard74 74 18,542 18,616 
Total3,082 838 3,045 6,965 671,689 678,654 
Non-working capital loans:
Pass63,830 165,396 123,800 71,707 23,723 31,231 479,687 256,462 736,149 
Special Mention209 16,535 216 635 3,657 21,252 79 21,331 
Substandard2,937 6,380 862 2,370 5,217 17,766 3,835 21,601 
Not Rated399 2,105 1,627 710 417 96 5,354 5,354 
Total64,438 186,973 131,807 73,495 27,145 40,201 524,059 260,376 784,435 
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Construction and land development loans:
Pass9,322 37,819 20,870 542 573 69,126 328,593 397,719 
Special Mention56 56 
Total9,322 37,819 20,870 542 573 69,126 328,649 397,775 
Owner occupied loans:
Pass20,705 166,777 174,001 108,181 78,260 126,142 674,066 28,228 702,294 
Special Mention6,277 865 909 9,180 17,231 17,231 
Substandard473 1,679 894 1,161 236 4,443 4,443 
Total20,705 173,527 175,680 109,940 80,330 135,558 695,740 28,228 723,968 
Nonowner occupied loans:
Pass41,921 142,070 146,588 105,635 21,701 87,080 544,995 47,604 592,599 
Special Mention11,667 307 14,120 26,094 26,094 
Total41,921 153,737 146,895 105,635 21,701 101,200 571,089 47,604 618,693 
Multifamily loans:
Pass2,665 67,930 37,909 36,337 17,105 11,969 21,061 177,871 13,605 191,476 
Special Mention22,178 22,178 22,178 
Total24,843 67,930 37,909 36,337 11,969 21,061 200,049 13,605 213,654 
Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland:
Pass4,748 46,921 35,089 12,005 10,034 25,189 133,986 24,532 158,518 
Special Mention1,985 2,278 210 4,473 899 5,372 
Substandard190 145 335 335 
Total4,748 46,921 37,074 14,283 10,224 25,544 138,794 25,431 164,225 
Loans for agricultural production:
Pass1,573 31,444 24,820 3,985 10,372 5,356 77,550 166,721 244,271 
Special Mention432 7,727 1,160 9,319 5,905 15,224 
Total1,573 31,876 32,547 5,145 10,372 5,356 86,869 172,626 259,495 
Other commercial loans:
Pass2,964 6,417 20,425 3,082 1,175 15,043 49,106 25,363 74,469 
Special Mention3,649 3,649 3,649 
Total2,964 6,417 20,425 3,082 1,175 18,692 52,755 25,363 78,118 
Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans
Pass1,360 13,558 15,386 5,197 5,722 4,604 45,827 6,191 52,018 
Substandard88 3,050 3,138 3,138 
Not Rated8,079 47,296 24,338 8,764 4,069 32,489 125,035 125,035 
Total9,439 60,854 39,724 13,961 9,879 40,143 174,000 6,191 180,191 
Open end and junior lien loans
Pass453 662 374 115 103 1,254 4,900 6,154 
Substandard26 28 
Not Rated14,626 18,637 4,667 4,967 2,976 3,304 49,177 104,879 154,056 
Total14,626 19,299 5,041 5,082 3,079 3,306 50,433 109,805 160,238 
Residential construction loans
Not Rated1,420 4,756 6,189 1,158 892 136 1,278 11,073 11,073 
Total1,420 6,189 1,158 892 136 1,278 11,073 11,073 
Other consumer loans
Pass78 2,302 787 1,167 1,088 5,422 17,046 22,468 
Substandard22 219 241 41 282 
Not Rated5,320 19,432 13,237 6,122 4,878 2,509 51,498 8,947 60,445 
Total5,398 21,734 14,046 7,508 4,878 3,597 57,161 26,034 83,195 
TOTAL$201,397 $816,358 $664,014 $378,947 $181,461 $395,936 $2,638,113 $1,715,601 $4,353,714 
As of March 31, 2022, $12.5 million in PPP loans were included in the "Pass" category of non-working capital commercial and industrial loans. These loans were included in this risk rating category because they are fully guaranteed by the SBA.
The following table summarizes the risk category of loans by loan segment and origination date as of December 31, 2021:
(dollars in thousands)20212020201920182017PriorTerm TotalRevolvingTotal
Commercial and industrial loans:                  
Working capital lines of credit loans:                  
Pass$3,699 $830 $3,360 $$$$7,889 $558,634 $566,523 
Special Mention60,441 60,441 
Substandard35 35 25,928 25,963 
Total3,699 830 3,395 7,924 645,003 652,927 
Non-working capital loans:
Pass185,374 139,157 79,477 38,899 19,415 18,489 480,811 203,794 684,605 
Special Mention17,728 225 979 2,350 1,426 22,708 22,708 
Substandard2,996 6,948 1,091 2,534 5,465 426 19,460 3,321 22,781 
Not Rated2,265 1,758 837 563 128 14 5,565 5,565 
Total208,363 147,863 81,630 42,975 27,358 20,355 528,544 207,115 735,659 
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Construction and land development loans:
Pass35,136 30,224 1,276 998 67,634 310,396 378,030 
Total35,136 30,224 1,276 998 67,634 310,396 378,030 
Owner occupied loans:
Pass135,861 169,404 124,117 85,070 78,155 93,925 686,532 29,611 716,143 
Special Mention6,555 880 933 7,387 1,235 16,990 16,990 
Substandard489 1,570 909 1,758 694 238 5,658 5,658 
Total142,905 170,974 125,906 87,761 86,236 95,398 709,180 29,611 738,791 
Nonowner occupied loans:
Pass146,342 154,433 107,262 19,054 31,023 59,154 517,268 44,362 561,630 
Special Mention11,825 331 14,253 26,409 26,409 
Total158,167 154,764 107,262 19,054 31,023 73,407 543,677 44,362 588,039 
Multifamily loans:
Pass84,678 53,195 36,575 12,286 17,105 14,574 9,793 211,101 13,434 224,535 
Special Mention22,252 22,252 22,252 
Total84,678 53,195 36,575 12,286 36,826 9,793 233,353 13,434 246,787 
Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland:
Pass47,532 37,035 16,249 10,469 10,454 17,021 138,760 61,774 200,534 
Special Mention1,985 2,303 180 30 4,498 918 5,416 
Substandard207 145 352 352 
Total47,739 39,020 18,552 10,469 10,634 17,196 143,610 62,692 206,302 
Loans for agricultural production:
Pass36,238 25,855 4,224 11,072 1,331 4,178 82,898 138,142 221,040 
Special Mention448 8,642 1,171 10,261 8,272 18,533 
Total36,686 34,497 5,395 11,072 1,331 4,178 93,159 146,414 239,573 
Other commercial loans:
Pass6,556 21,111 3,243 1,273 8,592 7,460 48,235 21,145 69,380 
Special Mention3,798 3,798 3,798 
Total6,556 21,111 3,243 1,273 8,592 11,258 52,033 21,145 73,178 
Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans
Pass14,635 16,173 5,312 5,903 3,049 3,221 48,293 5,005 53,298 
Special Mention1,274 1,274 1,274 
Not Rated45,089 27,738 9,248 5,217 7,628 26,321 121,241 482 121,723 
Total59,724 43,911 14,560 11,120 10,677 30,816 170,808 5,487 176,295 
Open end and junior lien loans
Pass679 453 379 159 313 1,530 5,074 6,604 
Substandard98 98 
Not Rated21,945 5,624 5,987 3,899 1,653 1,526 40,634 110,523 151,157 
Total22,624 6,003 6,146 4,212 1,653 1,526 42,164 115,695 157,859 
Residential construction loans
Not Rated7,926 4,756 1,537 960 138 171 1,125 11,857 11,857 
Total7,926 1,537 960 138 171 1,125 11,857 11,857 
Other consumer loans
Pass3,401 957 1,523 1,155 7,036 12,998 20,034 
Substandard36 23 230 289 289 
Not Rated21,652 14,931 7,474 5,844 1,890 1,203 52,994 9,227 62,221 
Total25,089 15,911 9,227 5,844 3,045 1,203 60,319 22,225 82,544 
TOTAL$839,292 $719,840 $414,127 $207,202 $217,546 $266,255 $2,664,262 $1,623,579 $4,287,841 
As of December 31, 2021, $26.2 million in PPP loans were included in the "Pass" category of non-working capital commercial and industrial loans. These loans were included in this risk rating category because they are fully guaranteed by the SBA.
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans:
The Company does not record interest on nonaccrual loans until principal is recovered. For all loan classes, a loan is generally placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest becomes 90 days past due unless it is well secured and in the process of collection, or earlier when concern exists as to the ultimate collectability of principal or interest. Interest accrued but not received is reversed against earnings. Cash interest received on these loans is applied to the principal balance until the principal is recovered or until the loan returns to accrual status. Loans may be returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, remain current for a prescribed period, and future payments are reasonably assured.
The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in past due loans as of March 31, 2022 by class of loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan:
(dollars in thousands)Loans Not Past Due30-89 Days Past DueGreater than 89 Days Past Due and AccruingTotal AccruingTotal NonaccrualNonaccrual With No Allowance For Credit LossTotal
Commercial and industrial loans:            
Working capital lines of credit loans$678,654 $0 $0 $674,338 $4,316 $238 $678,654 
Non-working capital loans781,306 3,129 0 778,863 5,572 4,546 784,435 
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Construction and land development loans397,775 0 0 397,775 0 0 397,775 
Owner occupied loans723,968 0 0 720,812 3,156 1,516 723,968 
Nonowner occupied loans618,693 0 0 618,693 0 0 618,693 
Multifamily loans213,654 0 0 213,654 0 0 213,654 
Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland164,225 0 0 163,890 335 0 164,225 
Loans for agricultural production259,495 0 0 259,495 0 0 259,495 
Other commercial loans78,118 0 0 78,118 0 0 78,118 
Consumer 1‑4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans179,872 301 18 179,980 211 140 180,191 
Open end and junior lien loans160,043 195 0 160,210 28 28 160,238 
Residential construction loans11,073 0 0 11,073 0 0 11,073 
Other consumer loans83,150 45 0 82,913 282 0 83,195 
Total$4,350,026 $3,670 $18 $4,339,814 $13,900 $6,468 $4,353,714 
As of March 31, 2022 there were an insignificant number of loans 30-89 days past due or greater than 89 days past due on nonaccrual. Additionally, interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was insignificant during the three month period ended March 31, 2022.
The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in past due loans as of December 31, 2021 by class of loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan:
(dollars in thousands)Loans Not Past Due30-89 Days Past DueGreater than 89 Days Past Due and AccruingTotal AccruingTotal NonaccrualNonaccrual With No Allowance For Credit LossTotal
Commercial and industrial loans:            
Working capital lines of credit loans$652,903 $24 $$646,961 $5,966 $5,200 $652,927 
Non-working capital loans735,658 731,063 4,596 229 735,659 
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Construction and land development loans378,030 378,030 378,030 
Owner occupied loans738,791 735,157 3,634 2,129 738,791 
Nonowner occupied loans588,039 588,039 588,039 
Multifamily loans246,787 246,787 246,787 
Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland206,302 205,967 335 206,302 
Loans for agricultural production239,573 239,573 239,573 
Other commercial loans73,178 73,178 73,178 
Consumer 1‑4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans175,678 500 117 176,240 55 55 176,295 
Open end and junior lien loans157,729 130 157,761 98 98 157,859 
Residential construction loans11,857 11,857 11,857 
Other consumer loans82,472 72 82,255 289 82,544 
Total$4,286,997 $727 $117 $4,272,868 $14,973 $7,711 $4,287,841 
As of December 31, 2021 there were an insignificant number of loans 30-89 days past due or greater than 89 days past due on nonaccrual. Additionally, interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was insignificant during the year ended December 31, 2021.
When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses for collateral dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the loan is expected to be repaid substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The class of loan represents the primary collateral type associated with the loan. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value.
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by class of loan as of:
March 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)Real EstateGeneral
Business
 Assets
OtherTotal
Commercial and industrial loans:      
Working capital lines of credit loans$74 $5,497 $0 $5,571 
Non-working capital loans1,581 9,525 229 11,335 
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Owner occupied loans960 1,500 1,161 3,621 
Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland190 145 0 335 
Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans3,141 0 0 3,141 
Open end and junior lien loans28 0 0 28 
Other consumer loans0 0 63 63 
Total$5,974 $16,667 $1,453 $24,094 
December 31, 2021
(dollars in thousands)Real EstateGeneral
Business
 Assets
OtherTotal
Commercial and industrial loans:      
Working capital lines of credit loans$$5,966 $$5,966 
Non-working capital loans1,606 9,475 229 11,310 
Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans:
Owner occupied loans1,435 1,505 1,161 4,101 
Agri-business and agricultural loans:
Loans secured by farmland190 145 335 
Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans:
Closed end first mortgage loans3,081 3,081 
Open end and junior lien loans98 98 
Other consumer loans59 59 
Total$6,312 $17,091 $1,449 $24,950 
Troubled Debt Restructurings:
Troubled debt restructured loans are included in the totals for individually analyzed loans. The Company has allocated $6.0 million and $5.8 million of specific reserves to customers whose loan terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company is not committed to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring.
(dollars in thousands)March 31,
2022
December 31,
2021
Accruing troubled debt restructured loans$4,976 $5,121 
Nonaccrual troubled debt restructured loans6,443 6,218 
Total troubled debt restructured loans$11,419 $11,339 
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, one loan was identified as a troubled debt restructuring. This loan was an over line of credit extended to an existing borrower with other previously modified loans as a result of financial difficulty to assist with cash flow needs. No additional credit enhancements were obtained in conjunction with the extension of this over line of credit.
(dollars in thousands)Number of LoansPre-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentPost-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Commercial and industrial loans:
Working capital lines of credit loans1 $226 $226 
Total1 $226 $226 
For the three month period ended March 31, 2022, the troubled debt restructuring described above did not increase the allowance for credit losses, and no charge-offs were recorded.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, no loans were modified as troubled debt restructurings.