Bank Loans

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Bank Loans

NOTE 7 – Bank Loans

Our loan portfolio consists primarily of the following segments:

Commercial and industrial (C&I). C&I loans primarily include commercial and industrial lending used for general corporate purposes, working capital and liquidity, and “event-driven.” “Event-driven” loans support client merger, acquisition or recapitalization activities. C&I lending is structured as revolving lines of credit, letter of credit facilities, term loans and bridge loans. Risk factors considered in determining the allowance for corporate loans include the borrower’s financial strength, seniority of the loan, collateral type, leverage, volatility of collateral value, debt cushion, and covenants.

Fund banking. Fund banking loans primarily include capital call lines of credit, also known as subscription lines of credit. These credit facilities are used by closed-end private investment funds (“Fund”) that have raised capital commitments from limited partners to effectively manage the Fund’s cash and bridge timing between the Fund’s investments and capital calls. The lines of credit are collateralized by a pledge of the limited partner’s contractually callable capital and the general partner’s right to call such capital as permitted in the Fund’s partnership agreement.

Securities-based loans. Securities-based loans allow clients to borrow money against the value of qualifying securities for any suitable purpose other than purchasing, trading, or carrying securities or refinancing margin debt. The majority of consumer loans are structured as revolving lines of credit and letter of credit facilities and are primarily offered through Stifel’s Pledged Asset (“SPA”) program. The allowance methodology for securities-based lending considers the collateral type underlying the loan, including the liquidity and trading volume of the collateral, position concentration and other borrower specific factors such as personal guarantees.

Real Estate. Real estate loans include residential real estate non-conforming loans, residential real estate conforming loans, commercial real estate, and home equity lines of credit. The allowance methodology related to real estate loans considers several factors, including, but not limited to, loan-to-value ratio, FICO score, home price index, delinquency status, credit limits, and utilization rates.

Construction and land. Short-term loans used to finance the development of a real estate project.

Other. Other loans include consumer and credit card lending.

The following table presents the balance and associated percentage of each major loan category in our bank loan portfolio at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands, except percentages):

	June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Balance			Percent			Balance			Percent
Residential real estate	$	7,708,506			37.5	%	$	7,371,671			35.8	%
Commercial and industrial		4,471,031			21.8			4,897,176			23.8
Fund banking		4,349,541			21.2			4,182,641			20.3
Securities-based loans		2,399,328			11.7			2,724,551			13.2
Construction and land		772,571			3.8			593,191			2.9
Commercial real estate		677,521			3.3			675,599			3.3
Home equity lines of credit		110,766			0.5			107,136			0.5
Other		43,703			0.2			50,593			0.2
Gross bank loans		20,532,967			100.0	%		20,602,558			100.0	%
Loans in process		(52,379	)					(3,526	)
Unamortized loan fees, net		(19,432	)					(22,287	)
Allowance for loan losses		(122,681	)					(111,653	)
Loans held for investment, net	$	20,338,475					$	20,465,092

At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Stifel Bancorp had loans outstanding to its executive officers and directors and executive officers and directors of certain affiliated entities in the amount of $70.6 million and $86.4 million, respectively.

At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had loans held for sale of $224.0 million and $156.9 million, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized losses of $2.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively, from the sale of originated loans, net of fees and costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized a loss of $2.6 million and a gain of $0.6 million, respectively, from the sale of originated loans, net of fees and costs.

At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans, primarily consisting of residential and commercial real estate loans of $7.1 billion and $7.0 billion, respectively, were pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank as collateral for borrowings.

Accrued interest receivable for loans and loans held for sale at June 30, 2023 and December 21, 2022 was $73.4 million and $65.7 million, respectively, and is reported in other assets on the consolidated statement of financial condition.

The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Beginning Balance		Provision			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance
Commercial and industrial	$	55,734	$	11,241		$	(598	)	$	—	$	66,377
Residential real estate		22,696		(8,283	)		—			—		14,413
Commercial real estate		11,566		1,863			—			—		13,429
Construction and land		10,317		2,328			—			—		12,645
Fund banking		12,943		(765	)		—			—		12,178
Securities-based loans		3,117		(31	)		—			—		3,086
Home equity lines of credit		412		(244	)		—			—		168
Other		377		8			—			—		385
	$	117,162	$	6,117		$	(598	)	$	—	$	122,681

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Beginning Balance		Provision			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance
Commercial and industrial	$	54,143	$	12,699		$	(618	)	$	153	$	66,377
Residential real estate		20,441		(6,028	)		—			—		14,413
Commercial real estate		12,897		532			—			—		13,429
Construction and land		8,568		4,077			—			—		12,645
Fund banking		11,711		467			—			—		12,178
Securities-based loans		3,157		(71	)		—			—		3,086
Home equity lines of credit		364		(196	)		—			—		168
Other		372		13			—			—		385
	$	111,653	$	11,493		$	(618	)	$	153	$	122,681

The provision for unfunded lending commitments was $1.7 million and $1.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The provision for unfunded lending commitments was $9.5 million and $12.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. The provision for unfunded lending commitments is included in the provision for credit losses on the consolidated statement of operations. The expected credit losses for unfunded lending commitments, including standby letters of credit and binding unfunded loan commitments, are reported on the consolidated statement of financial condition in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Beginning Balance		Provision			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance
Commercial and industrial	$	46,188	$	11,404		$	—		$	2	$	57,594
Residential real estate		32,927		(10,312	)		—			—		22,615
Fund banking		8,392		1,366			—			—		9,758
Commercial real estate		3,680		2,803			—			—		6,483
Construction and land		8,121		(2,267	)		—			—		5,854
Securities-based loans		3,976		36			(36	)		—		3,976
Home equity lines of credit		683		239			—			—		922
Other		231		49			—			—		280
	$	104,198	$	3,318		$	(36	)	$	2	$	107,482

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Beginning Balance		Provision			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance
Commercial and industrial	$	44,661	$	12,931		$	—		$	2	$	57,594
Residential real estate		28,560		(5,945	)		—			—		22,615
Fund banking		8,868		890			—			—		9,758
Commercial real estate		3,934		2,549			—			—		6,483
Construction and land		8,536		(2,682	)		—			—		5,854
Securities-based loans		4,006		6			(36	)		—		3,976
Home equity lines of credit		511		411			—			—		922
Other		268		12			—			—		280
	$	99,344	$	8,172		$	(36	)	$	2	$	107,482

At June 30, 2023, we had $11.4 million of impaired loans, net of discounts, which included $0.1 million in troubled debt restructurings. The specific allowance on impaired loans at June 30, 2023 was $6.3 million. At December 31, 2022, we had $10.3 million of impaired loans, net of discounts, which included $0.2 million in troubled debt restructurings. The specific allowance on impaired loans at December 31, 2022 was $6.5 million. The gross interest income related to impaired loans, which would have been recorded, had these loans been current in accordance with their original terms, and the interest income recognized on these loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, were insignificant to the consolidated financial statements.

The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 by portfolio segment (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2023
	30 – 89 Days Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current Balance		Total
Residential real estate	$	12,578	$	1,959	$	14,537	$	7,693,969	$	7,708,506
Commercial and industrial		—		8,883		8,883		4,462,148		4,471,031
Fund banking		—		—		—		4,349,541		4,349,541
Securities-based loans		—		—		—		2,399,328		2,399,328
Construction and land		—		—		—		772,571		772,571
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		677,521		677,521
Home equity lines of credit		190		397		587		110,179		110,766
Other		21		33		54		43,649		43,703
Total	$	12,789	$	11,272	$	24,061	$	20,508,906	$	20,532,967

	As of June 30, 2023*
	Nonaccrual		Restructured		Nonperforming loans with no allowance		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	8,883	$	—	$	—	$	8,883
Residential real estate		1,032		148		927		2,107
Home equity lines of credit		116		—		281		397
Other		30		—		3		33
Total	$	10,061	$	148	$	1,211	$	11,420

* There were no loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest at June 30, 2023.

	As of December 31, 2022
	30 – 89 Days Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current Balance		Total
Residential real estate	$	2,445	$	688	$	3,133	$	7,368,538	$	7,371,671
Commercial and industrial		—		9,226		9,226		4,887,950		4,897,176
Fund banking		—		—		—		4,182,641		4,182,641
Securities-based loans		—		—		—		2,724,551		2,724,551
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		675,599		675,599
Construction and land		—		—		—		593,191		593,191
Home equity lines of credit		29		182		211		106,925		107,136
Other		36		6		42		50,551		50,593
Total	$	2,510	$	10,102	$	12,612	$	20,589,946	$	20,602,558

	As of December 31, 2022*
	Nonaccrual		Restructured		Nonperforming loans with no allowance		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	9,226	$	—	$	—	$	9,226
Residential real estate		870		150		—		1,020
Other		6		—		—		6
Total	$	10,102	$	150	$	—	$	10,252

* There were no loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest at December 31, 2022.

Credit quality indicators

As of June 30, 2023, bank loans were primarily extended to non-investment grade borrowers. Substantially all of these loans align with the U.S. Federal bank regulatory agencies’ definition of Pass. Loans meet the definition of Pass when they are performing and do not demonstrate adverse characteristics that are likely to result in a credit loss. A loan is determined to be impaired when principal or interest becomes 90 days past due or when collection becomes uncertain. At the time a loan is determined to be impaired, the accrual of interest and amortization of deferred loan origination fees is discontinued (“nonaccrual status”), and any accrued and unpaid interest income is reversed.

We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate our exposure to credit risk. Trends in delinquency ratios are an indicator, among other considerations, of credit risk within our loan portfolio. The level of nonperforming assets represents another indicator of the potential for future credit losses. Accordingly, key metrics we track and use in evaluating the credit quality of our loan portfolio include delinquency and nonperforming asset rates, as well as charge-off rates and our internal risk ratings of the loan portfolio. In general, we are a secured lender. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 97.2% and 97.5% of our loan portfolio was collateralized, respectively. Collateral is required in accordance with the normal credit evaluation process based upon the creditworthiness of the customer and the credit risk associated with the particular transaction. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass. A credit exposure rated pass has a continued expectation of timely repayment, all obligations of the borrower are current, and the obligor complies with material terms and conditions of the lending agreement.

Special Mention. Extensions of credit that have potential weakness that deserve management’s close attention, and if left uncorrected may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position.

Substandard. Obligor has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the repayment of the debt and has a high probability of payment default with the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if noted deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Inherent weakness in the exposure makes the collection or repayment in full, based on existing facts, conditions and circumstances, highly improbable, and the amount of loss is uncertain.

Substandard loans are regularly reviewed for impairment. Doubtful loans are considered impaired. When a loan is impaired the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or as a practical expedient, the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of our loan portfolio was as follows (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2023
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Residential real estate	$	7,706,547	$	312	$	927	$	720	$	7,708,506
Commercial and industrial		4,298,705		17,619		145,824		8,883		4,471,031
Fund banking		4,349,541		—		—		—		4,349,541
Securities-based loans		2,399,325		—		—		3		2,399,328
Construction and land		772,571		—		—		—		772,571
Commercial real estate		577,777		60,000		39,744		—		677,521
Home equity lines of credit		110,369		65		22		310		110,766
Other		43,672		11		—		20		43,703
Total	$	20,258,507	$	78,007	$	186,517	$	9,936	$	20,532,967

	As of December 31, 2022
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Residential real estate	$	7,370,717	$	266	$	—	$	688	$	7,371,671
Commercial and industrial		4,743,290		87,761		56,899		9,226		4,897,176
Fund banking		4,182,641		—		—		—		4,182,641
Securities-based loans		2,724,548		—		—		3		2,724,551
Commercial real estate		655,599		20,000		—		—		675,599
Construction and land		593,191		—		—		—		593,191
Home equity lines of credit		106,954		—		—		182		107,136
Other		50,587		—		—		6		50,593
Total	$	20,427,527	$	108,027	$	56,899	$	10,105	$	20,602,558

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – June 30, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
Residential real estate:
Pass	$	615,464	$	2,719,320	$	2,401,583	$	953,046	$	425,255	$	591,879	$	—	$	7,706,547
Special Mention		—		312		—		—		—		—		—		312
Substandard		—		927		—		—		—		—		—		927
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		720		—		720
	$	615,464	$	2,720,559	$	2,401,583	$	953,046	$	425,255	$	592,599	$	—	$	7,708,506
Commercial and industrial:
Pass	$	382,997	$	1,243,444	$	1,233,314	$	259,293	$	245,865	$	264,226	$	669,566	$	4,298,705
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		9,901		7,718		17,619
Substandard		—		15,877		77,106		—		4,064		—		48,777		145,824
Doubtful		—		—		—		433		—		8,450		—		8,883
	$	382,997	$	1,259,321	$	1,310,420	$	259,726	$	249,929	$	282,577	$	726,061	$	4,471,031
Fund banking:
Pass	$	—	$	55,267	$	—	$	578	$	—	$	—	$	4,293,696	$	4,349,541
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	—	$	55,267	$	—	$	578	$	—	$	—	$	4,293,696	$	4,349,541
Securities-based loans:
Pass	$	7,431	$	30,296	$	3,100	$	45,104	$	27,278	$	9,294	$	2,276,822	$	2,399,325
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		3		3
	$	7,431	$	30,296	$	3,100	$	45,104	$	27,278	$	9,294	$	2,276,825	$	2,399,328
Construction and land:
Pass	$	10,009	$	340,868	$	172,485	$	163,348	$	85,861	$	—	$	—	$	772,571
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	10,009	$	340,868	$	172,485	$	163,348	$	85,861	$	—	$	—	$	772,571
Commercial real estate:
Pass	$	30,174	$	356,579	$	70,105	$	31,790	$	20,800	$	68,329	$	—	$	577,777
Special Mention		—		60,000		—		—		—		—		—		60,000
Substandard		—		—		39,744		—		—		—		—		39,744
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	30,174	$	416,579	$	109,849	$	31,790	$	20,800	$	68,329	$	—	$	677,521
Home equity lines of credit:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	110,369	$	110,369
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		65		65
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		22		22
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		310		310
	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	110,766	$	110,766
Other:
Pass	$	2,100	$	3,991	$	—	$	10,000	$	—	$	21,755	$	5,826	$	43,672
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		11		11
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—				—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		20		20
	$	2,100	$	3,991	$	—	$	10,000	$	—	$	21,755	$	5,857	$	43,703