Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation – Amtech is a leading, global manufacturer of capital equipment, including thermal processing, wafer polishing and cleaning, and related consumables used in fabricating semiconductor devices, such as silicon carbide ("SiC") and silicon power devices, analog and discrete devices, electronic assemblies and light-emitting diodes ("LEDs"). We sell these products to semiconductor device and module manufacturers worldwide, particularly in Asia, North America and Europe.

We serve niche markets in industries that are experiencing technological advances, and which historically have been very cyclical. Therefore, our future profitability and growth depend on our ability to develop or acquire and market profitable new products and on our ability to adapt to cyclical trends.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and consequently do not include all disclosures normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary, all of which are of a normal and recurring nature, to present fairly our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2023, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

Our fiscal year is from October 1 to September 30. Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years, quarters, months or periods refer to our fiscal years ending or ended September 30, and the associated quarters, months, and periods of those fiscal years.

The consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year.

Intangible Assets – Intangible assets acquired in business combinations are capitalized and subsequently amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life. We regularly perform reviews to determine if facts and circumstances exist which indicate that the useful lives of our intangible assets are shorter than originally estimated

or the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. When indicators exist, recoverability of assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying value of the asset group to the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If the asset group is determined not to be recoverable, the Company performs an analysis of the fair value of the individual long-lived assets and will recognize an impairment loss when the fair value is less than the carrying value of such long-lived assets. Patent costs consist primarily of legal and filing fees incurred to file patents on proprietary methods and technology we developed. Patent costs are expensed when incurred, as they are insignificant. Additional information on impairment testing of intangible assets can be found in Notes 1 and 9 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023.

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, we recorded an impairment of definite lived intangible assets in our Material and Substrate segment. See Note 7 for a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the intangible asset impairment.

Contract Liabilities – Contract liabilities are reflected in current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as all performance obligations are expected to be satisfied within the next 12 months. Contract liabilities relate to payments invoiced or received in advance of completion of performance obligations under a contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue upon the fulfillment of performance obligations. Contract liabilities consist of customer deposits and deferred revenue as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

The following is a summary of activity for contract liabilities, in thousands:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Beginning balance	$	9,518		$	6,955		$	8,018		$	7,231
New deposits		724			3,552			3,547			4,279
Deferred revenue		(9	)		—			(6	)		—
Revenue recognized		(1,218	)		(846	)		(2,544	)		(1,414	)
Adjustment		—			—			—			(435	)
Ending balance	$	9,015		$	9,661		$	9,015		$	9,661

As of March 31, 2024, we had approximately $44.3 million of remaining performance obligations, which included recognized contract liabilities as well as amounts to be invoiced and recognized in future periods. As of September 30, 2023, we had approximately $51.8 million of remaining performance obligations. The orders included in our remaining performance obligations are expected to ship within the next twelve months.

Warranty – A limited warranty is provided free of charge, generally for periods of 12 to 36 months to all purchasers of our new products and systems. Accruals are recorded for estimated warranty costs at the time revenue is recognized. While our warranty costs have historically been within our expectations and we believe that the amounts accrued for warranty expenditures are sufficient for all systems sold through March 31, 2024, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience a similar level of predictability regarding warranty costs. In addition, technological changes or previously unknown defects in raw materials or components may result in more extensive and frequent warranty service than anticipated, which could result in an increase in our warranty expense. Our accrued warranty expense was $0.8 million at March 31, 2024 and $1.0 million at September 30, 2023.

The following is a summary of activity in accrued warranty expense, in thousands:


	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Beginning balance	$	965		$	871
Additions for warranties issued during the period		97			342
Costs incurred during the period		(19	)		9
Changes in estimate for pre-existing warranties		(280	)		(139	)
Ending balance	$	763		$	1,083

Concentrations of Credit Risk – Our customers are primarily manufacturers of semiconductor substrates and devices and electronic assemblies. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. Credit risk is managed by performing credit evaluations of the customers’ financial condition, by requiring significant deposits where appropriate, and by actively monitoring collections. Letters of credit are required of certain customers depending on the size of the order, type of customer or its creditworthiness, and country of domicile.

As of March 31, 2024, two Semiconductor segment customers each represented 14% of accounts receivable. As of September 30, 2023, two Semiconductor segment customers each represented 17% of accounts receivable.

We maintain our cash and cash equivalents in multiple financial institutions. Balances in the United States, which account for approximately 72% and 56% of total cash balances as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively, are primarily invested in financial institutions insured by the FDIC as well as a money market account. The remainder of our cash is maintained with financial institutions with reputable credit in China, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Malaysia. We maintain cash in bank accounts in amounts which at times may exceed federally insured limits. At March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023 Amtech’s balances exceeded insured limits by approximately $8.2 million and $6.0 million. We have not experienced any losses on such accounts.

Refer to Note 12 to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding major customers, foreign sales and revenue in other countries subject to fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments – We group our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level 1 – Valuation is based upon quoted market price for identical instruments traded in active markets.

Level 2 – Valuation is based on quoted market prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3 – Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. Valuation techniques include use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

It is our policy to use observable inputs whenever reasonably practicable in order to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements. When available, we use quoted market prices to measure fair value. If market prices are not available, the fair value measurement is based on models that use primarily market-based parameters including interest rate yield curves, option volatilities and currency rates. In certain cases, where market rate assumptions are not available, we are required to make judgments about assumptions market participants would

use to estimate the fair value of a financial instrument. Changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect current or future valuations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – Included in cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are money market funds and time deposit accounts. Cash equivalents are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Receivables and Payables – The recorded amounts of these financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate their fair value because of the short maturities of these instruments.

Debt – The carrying value of debt under our amended Loan Agreement is based on a floating per annum rate of interest equal to the Prime Rate, adjusted daily, plus a margin. At March 31, 2024, the carrying value of the Company's total debt was $4.2 million, which approximates fair value. The fair value for the amended Loan Agreement was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and is therefore classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Adjustments to the annual disclosure of income taxes include: a tabular rate reconciliation comprised of eight specific categories. Incomes taxes paid, disaggregated between significant federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions. Eliminating requirements to disclose the nature and estimate of reasonably possible changes to unrecognized tax benefits in the next 12 months or that an estimated range cannot be made. Adds a requirement to disclose income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated between domestic and foreign. The ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. This ASU is not expected to have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”), which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim reporting periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

There were no other new accounting pronouncements issued or effective as of March 31, 2024 that had or are expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.