XML 28 R15.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017 resulting in broad and complex changes to U.S. income tax law. The Tax Act includes a one-time transition tax in 2017 on accumulated foreign subsidiary earnings not previously subject to U.S. income tax, reduces the U.S. corporate statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, generally eliminates U.S. federal income tax on dividends from foreign subsidiaries, creates new tax on certain foreign-sourced earnings, makes other changes to limit certain deductions and changes rules on how certain tax credits and net operating loss carryforwards can be utilized. Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the Tax Act, we made reasonable estimates of the effects and recorded provisional amounts in our 2017 financial statements. As we finalize the necessary data, and interpret the Tax Act and any additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the United States Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), or other standard-setting bodies, we may make adjustments to these provisional amounts during 2018.
Provisional amounts for the following income tax effects of the Tax Act were recorded as of December 31, 2017 and are subject to change during 2018. We have not made any significant measurement-period adjustments related to these items during the first quarter of 2018. However, we are continuing to gather additional information to complete our accounting for these items and may make adjustments to the provisional amounts during 2018.
One-time transition tax
The Tax Act requires us to pay U.S. income taxes on accumulated foreign subsidiary earnings not previously subject to U.S. income tax at a rate of 15.5% to the extent of foreign cash and certain other net current assets and 8% on the remaining earnings. We recorded a provisional amount in 2017 for our one-time transitional tax liability and income tax expense of $6.9 million based on estimates of the effects of the Tax Act. We continue to analyze the significant data from our foreign subsidiaries in connection with the completion of our 2017 income tax returns.
Taxes on repatriation of foreign earnings
Prior to the Tax Act, we considered the unremitted earnings in our non-US subsidiaries held directly by a U.S. parent to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, had not provided any deferred income taxes. As a result of the Tax Act, we now intend to pursue repatriation of unremitted earnings in our non-US subsidiaries held directly by a U.S. parent to the extent that such earnings have been included in the one-time transition tax discussed above, and subject to cash requirements to support the strategic objectives of the non-US subsidiary. As such, we recorded a provisional amount of $7.0 million in 2017 for the estimated liability and income tax expense for any U.S. federal or state income taxes or additional foreign withholding taxes related to repatriation of such earnings. In addition, in 2017 we recognized certain foreign tax credits of $5.5 million in the U.S. related to the provisional accounting for taxes on repatriation of foreign earnings, however, we also recognized a full valuation allowance related to such tax assets as it is more likely than not that these assets will not be realized. The provisional amounts recorded in 2017 may change as we finalize the analysis of these items during 2018.
In 2018, our income tax provision includes the estimated liability and income tax expense for any U.S. federal or state income taxes from the new tax on certain foreign-sourced earnings as well as any additional foreign withholding taxes related to future repatriation of current year earnings in our non-US subsidiaries held directly by a U.S. parent.
Deferred tax effects
The Tax Act reduced the U.S. corporate statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% for years after 2017. Accordingly, we remeasured our U.S. net deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2017 to reflect the reduced rate that will apply in future periods when those deferred taxes are settled or realized. We recognized a provisional deferred tax benefit in 2017 of $17.4 million to reflect the reduced U.S. tax rate on our estimated U.S. net deferred tax liabilities. Although the tax rate reduction is known, we have not completed our analysis of the effect of the Tax Act on the underlying deferred taxes for the items discussed above, and as such, the amounts recorded as of December 31, 2017 are provisional.
The net tax benefit recognized in 2017 related to the Tax Act was $3.4 million. As we complete our analysis of the Tax Act and incorporate additional guidance that may be issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the IRS or other standard-setting bodies, we may identify additional effects not reflected as of December 31, 2017. Those adjustments may materially impact our provision for income taxes and effective tax rate in the period in which the adjustments are made. The accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act will be completed in 2018.
The provision for income taxes was $3.1 million for the first quarter of 2018 compared to $1.1 million for the first quarter of 2017. The impact of the Tax Act on our effective tax rate in future periods will depend in large part on the relative contribution of our domestic earnings and finalization of the provisional accounting for the Tax Act in 2018. The 2017 effective tax rate was negatively impacted by pre-tax losses in certain international jurisdictions, most notably Australia, and non-deductible expenses relative to the amount of pre-tax income.
We file income tax returns in the United States and several non-U.S. jurisdictions and are subject to examination in the various jurisdictions in which we file. We are no longer subject to income tax examinations for U.S. federal and substantially all state jurisdictions for years prior to 2012 and for substantially all foreign jurisdictions for years prior to 2008. We are currently under examination by the United States federal tax authorities for tax years 2014 and 2015. During the second quarter of 2017, we received a Revenue Agent Report from the IRS disallowing a deduction claimed on our 2015 tax return associated with the forgiveness of certain inter-company balances due from our Brazilian subsidiary and assessing tax due of approximately $3.9 million. We submitted our response to the IRS in the third quarter of 2017, with the tax appeals process scheduled to begin in June 2018. We believe our tax position is properly reported in accordance with applicable U.S. tax laws and regulations and intend to vigorously defend our position through the tax appeals process.
Following an audit in 2015, the treasury authority in Mexico issued a tax assessment (inclusive of interest and penalties) in the amount of 60 million Pesos (approximately $3.3 million) to our Mexico subsidiary primarily in connection with the export of mats from Mexico which took place in 2010.  The mats that are the subject of this assessment were owned by a U.S. subsidiary and leased to our Mexico subsidiary for matting projects in the Mexican market. In 2010, we made the decision to move these mats out of Mexico to markets with higher demand. The Mexican treasury authority determined the export of the mats was the equivalent of a sale, and assessed taxes on the gross declared value of the exported mats. We retained outside legal counsel and filed administrative appeals with the treasury authority, but we were notified on April 13, 2018, that the last administrative appeal had been rejected. We plan to file an appeal in the Tax Court, which will require that we post a bond in the amount of the assessed taxes (plus additional interest and penalties). We are in the process of preparing the appeal and securing the bond. We believe our tax position is properly reported in accordance with applicable tax laws and regulations in Mexico and intend to vigorously defend our position through the tax appeals process.
We are also under examination by various tax authorities in other countries, and certain foreign jurisdictions have challenged the amounts of taxes due for certain tax periods. These audits are in various stages of completion. We fully cooperate with all audits, but defend existing positions vigorously. We evaluate the potential exposure associated with various filing positions and record a liability for tax contingencies as circumstances warrant. Although we believe all tax positions are reasonable and properly reported in accordance with applicable tax laws and regulations in effect during the periods involved, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different than that which is reflected in historical income tax provisions and tax contingency accruals.