Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 30, 2012

Our fiscal year end is the last Sunday in December. Fiscal year 2012 comprises 53 weeks and fiscal years 2011 and 2010 each comprise 52 weeks. Our fiscal years ended as of December 30, 2012, December 25, 2011, and December 26, 2010.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of 3 months or less to be cash equivalents.

Short-Term Investments

We have the intention and ability to hold our short-term investments to maturity. These investments are classified as held-to-maturity and are reported at amortized cost. The changes in the value of these securities, other than impairment charges, are not reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounts Receivable

Credit is extended to our advertisers and our subscribers based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition, and collateral is not required from such customers. Allowances for estimated credit losses, rebates, returns, rate adjustments and discounts are generally established based on historical experience.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or current market value. Inventory cost is generally based on the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method for newsprint and the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method for other inventories.

Investments

Investments in which we have at least a 20%, but not more than a 50%, interest are generally accounted for under the equity method. Investment interests below 20% are generally accounted for under the cost method, except if we could exercise significant influence, the investment would be accounted for under the equity method. We had an investment interest below 20% in Fenway Sports Group, which was accounted for under the equity method until the sale of a portion of our investment interest in the first quarter of 2012 (see Note 7).

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method over the shorter of estimated asset service lives or lease terms as follows: buildings, building equipment and improvements – 10 to 40 years; equipment – 3 to 30 years; and software – 2 to 5 years. We capitalize interest costs and certain staffing costs as part of the cost of major projects.

We evaluate whether there has been an impairment of long-lived assets, primarily property, plant and equipment, if certain circumstances indicate that a possible impairment may exist. These assets are tested for impairment at the asset group level associated with the lowest level of cash flows. An impairment exists if the carrying value of the asset (1) is not recoverable (the carrying value of the asset is greater than the sum of undiscounted cash flows) and (2) is greater than its fair value.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Acquired

Goodwill is the excess of cost over the fair value of tangible and other intangible net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but tested for impairment annually or in an interim period if certain circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. Our annual impairment testing date is the first day of our fiscal fourth quarter.

Other intangible assets acquired, which were part of operations that have been classified as discontinued operations (see Note 15), consisted primarily of trade names on various acquired properties, content, customer lists and other assets. Other intangible assets acquired that had indefinite lives (trade names) were not amortized but tested for impairment annually or in an interim period if certain circumstances indicated a possible impairment may have existed. Certain other intangible assets acquired (content, customer lists and other assets) were amortized over their estimated useful lives and tested for impairment if certain circumstances indicated an impairment may have existed.

We test for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level, which are our operating segments. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The qualitative assessment includes, but is not limited to, the results of our most recent quantitative impairment test, consideration of industry, market and macroeconomic conditions, cost factors, cash flows, changes in key management personnel and our share price. The result of this assessment determines whether it is necessary to perform the goodwill impairment two-step test. For the 2012 annual impairment testing, based on our qualitative assessment, we concluded that it is more likely than not that goodwill is not impaired.

If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, in the first step, we compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. Fair value is calculated by a combination of a discounted cash flow model and a market approach model. In calculating fair value for each reporting unit, we generally weigh the results of the discounted cash flow model more heavily than the market approach because the discounted cash flow model is specific to our business and long-term projections. If the fair value exceeds the carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the second step must be performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. In the second step, we compare the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. An impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the goodwill over the implied fair value of the goodwill.

The discounted cash flow analysis requires us to make various judgments, estimates and assumptions, many of which are interdependent, about future revenues, operating margins, growth rates, capital expenditures, working capital and discount rates. The starting point for the assumptions used in our discounted cash flow analysis is the annual long-range financial forecast. The annual planning process that we undertake to prepare the long-range financial forecast takes into consideration a multitude of factors, including historical growth rates and operating performance, related industry trends, macroeconomic conditions, and marketplace data, among others. Assumptions are also made for perpetual growth rates for periods beyond the long-range financial forecast period. Our estimates of fair value are sensitive to changes in all of these variables, certain of which relate to broader macroeconomic conditions outside our control.

The market approach analysis includes applying a multiple, based on comparable market transactions, to certain operating metrics of the reporting unit.

We compare the sum of the fair values of our reporting units to our market capitalization to determine whether our estimates of reporting unit fair value are reasonable.

Intangible assets that are not amortized (trade names), which were part of operations that have been classified as discontinued operations (see Note 15), were tested for impairment at the asset level by comparing the fair value of the asset with its carrying amount. Fair value was calculated as the discounted cash flows utilizing the relief-from-royalty method. This method was based on applying a royalty rate, which would be obtained through a lease, to the cash flows derived from the asset being tested. The royalty rate was derived from market data. If the fair value exceeded the carrying amount, the asset was not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeded the fair value, an impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over the fair value of the asset.

All other long-lived assets (intangible assets that are amortized, such as content and customer lists), which were part of operations that have been classified as discontinued operations (see Note 15), were tested for impairment at the asset group level associated with the lowest level of cash flows. An impairment exists if the carrying value of the asset (1) was not recoverable (the carrying value of the asset was greater than the sum of undiscounted cash flows) and (2) was greater than its fair value.

The significant estimates and assumptions used by management in assessing the recoverability of goodwill, other intangible assets acquired and other long-lived assets are estimated future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates, as well as other factors. Any changes in these estimates or assumptions could result in an impairment charge. The estimates, based on reasonable and supportable assumptions and projections, require management’s subjective judgment. Depending on the assumptions and estimates used, the estimated results of the impairment tests can vary within a range of outcomes.

In addition to annual testing, management uses certain indicators to evaluate whether an interim impairment test may be required. These indicators include (1) current-period operating or cash flow declines combined with a history of operating or cash flow declines or a projection/forecast that demonstrates continuing declines in the cash flow or the inability to improve our operations to forecasted levels, (2) a significant adverse change in the business climate, whether structural or technological and (3) a decline in our stock price and market capitalization.

Management has applied what it believes to be the most appropriate valuation methodology for its impairment testing. See Note 15 for goodwill and other intangible asset impairments recorded within discontinued operations.

Self-Insurance

We self-insure for workers’ compensation costs, automobile and general liability claims, up to certain deductible limits, as well as for certain employee medical and disability benefits. The recorded liabilities for self-insured risks are primarily calculated using actuarial methods. The liabilities include amounts for actual claims, claim growth and claims incurred but not yet reported. The recorded liabilities for self-insured risks were approximately $42 million as of December 30, 2012 and $52 million as of December 25, 2011.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Our single-employer pension and other postretirement benefit costs are accounted for using actuarial valuations. We recognize the funded status of these plans – measured as the difference between plan assets, if funded, and the benefit obligation – on the balance sheet and recognize changes in the funded status that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic pension cost, within other comprehensive income/(loss), net of income taxes. The assets related to our funded pension plans are measured at fair value.

We make significant subjective judgments about a number of actuarial assumptions, which include discount rates, health-care cost trend rates, long-term return on plan assets and mortality rates. Depending on the assumptions and estimates used, the impact from our pension and other postretirement benefits could vary within a range of outcomes and could have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

We also recognize the present value of pension liabilities associated with the withdrawal from multiemployer pension plans. We assess a liability for obligations related to complete and partial withdrawals from multiemployer pension plans, as well as estimate obligations for future partial withdrawals that we consider probable and reasonably estimable. The actual liability is not known until each plan completes a final assessment of the withdrawal liability and issues a demand to us. Therefore, we adjust the estimate of our multiemployer pension plan liability as more information becomes available that allows us to refine our estimates.

See Notes 11 and 12 for additional information regarding pension and other postretirement benefits.

Revenue Recognition

Advertising revenues are recognized when advertisements are published in newspapers or placed on digital platforms or, with respect to certain digital advertising, each time a user clicks on certain ads, net of provisions for estimated rebates, rate adjustments and discounts.


•	We recognize a rebate obligation as a reduction of revenues, based on the amount of estimated rebates that will be earned and claimed, related to the underlying revenue transactions during the period. Measurement of the rebate obligation is estimated based on the historical experience of the number of customers that ultimately earn and use the rebate.

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Rate adjustments primarily represent credits given to customers related to billing or production errors and discounts represent credits given to customers who pay an invoice prior to its due date. Rate adjustments and discounts are accounted for as a reduction of revenues, based on the amount of estimated rate adjustments or discounts related to the underlying revenues during the period. Measurement of rate adjustments and discount obligations are estimated based on historical experience of credits actually issued.

Circulation revenues include single-copy and subscription revenues. Circulation revenues are based on the number of copies of the printed newspaper (through home-delivery subscriptions and single-copy sales) and digital subscriptions sold and the rates charged to the respective customers. Single-copy revenue is recognized based on date of publication, net of provisions for related returns. Proceeds from subscription revenues are deferred at the time of sale and are recognized in earnings on a pro rata basis over the terms of the subscriptions. When our digital subscriptions are sold through third parties, we are a principal in the transaction and, therefore, revenues and related costs to third parties for these sales are reported on a gross basis. Several factors are considered to determine whether we are a principal, most notably whether we are the primary obligor to the customer and have determined the selling price and product specifications.

Other revenues are recognized when the related service or product has been delivered.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recognized for the following: (1) amount of taxes payable for the current year and (2) deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequence of events that have been recognized differently in the financial statements than for tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are established using statutory tax rates and are adjusted for tax rate changes in the period of enactment.

We assess whether our deferred tax assets should be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Our process includes collecting positive (e.g., sources of taxable income) and negative (e.g., recent historical losses) evidence and assessing, based on the evidence, whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

We recognize in our financial statements the impact of a tax position if that tax position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the tax position. This involves the identification of potential uncertain tax positions, the evaluation of tax law and an assessment of whether a liability for uncertain tax positions is necessary. Different conclusions reached in this assessment can have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

We operate within multiple taxing jurisdictions and are subject to audit in these jurisdictions. These audits can involve complex issues, which could require an extended period of time to resolve. Until formal resolutions are reached between us and the tax authorities, the timing and amount of a possible audit settlement for uncertain tax benefits is difficult to predict.

Stock-Based Compensation

We establish fair value for our stock-based awards to determine our cost and recognize the related expense over the appropriate vesting period. We recognize compensation expense for outstanding stock-settled restricted stock units, stock options, stock appreciation rights, cash-settled restricted stock units, long-term incentive plan (“LTIP”) awards and Common Stock under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). See Note 17 for additional information related to stock-based compensation expense.

Earnings/(Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing net earnings/(loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings/(loss) per share is calculated similarly, except that it includes the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of securities, including outstanding warrants and the effect of shares issuable under our Company’s stock-based incentive plans if such effect is dilutive.

Foreign Currency Translation

The assets and liabilities of foreign companies are translated at year-end exchange rates. Results of operations are translated at average rates of exchange in effect during the year. The resulting translation adjustment is included as a separate component in the Stockholders’ Equity section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets, in the caption “Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes.”

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) amended its presentation guidance on comprehensive income to improve the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income(“AOCI”). The new accounting guidance requires entities to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of AOCI by component. In addition, entities are required to present, either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required to be reclassified in its entirety in the same reporting period. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, entities are required to cross-reference to other disclosures that provide additional details about those amounts. The amended guidance is effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. We do not anticipate the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our financial statements.

In June 2011, the FASB amended its guidance on the presentation of comprehensive income/(loss) in financial statements to improve the comparability, consistency and transparency of financial reporting and to increase the prominence of items that are recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss). The new accounting guidance requires entities to report components of comprehensive income/(loss) in either (1) a continuous statement of comprehensive income/(loss) or (2) two separate but consecutive statements. The provisions of this guidance are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. We adopted the guidance and report components of comprehensive income/(loss) in two separate but consecutive statements consisting of an income statement followed by a separate statement of comprehensive income/(loss).