REGULATORY ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Regulatory assets and liabilities include the following:



Regulatory assets:
Deferred nuclear refueling outage costs⁽¹⁾	$	71	$	75
Deferred rate adjustment clause costs⁽²⁾	63		90
Unrecovered gas costs⁽³⁾	19		12
Deferred cost of fuel used in electric generation⁽⁴⁾	—		111
Other	91		63
Regulatory assets-current	244		351
Unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit costs⁽⁵⁾	1,401		1,015
Deferred rate adjustment clause costs⁽²⁾	329		295
PJM transmission rates⁽⁶⁾	192		192
Derivatives⁽⁷⁾	174		110
Income taxes recoverable through future rates⁽⁸⁾	123		126
Utility reform legislation⁽⁹⁾	99		65
Other	155		62
Regulatory assets-non-current	2,473		1,865
Total regulatory assets	$	2,717	$	2,216
Regulatory liabilities:
Deferred cost of fuel used in electric generation⁽⁴⁾	$	61	$	—
PIPP⁽¹⁰⁾	28		46
Other	74		54
Regulatory liabilities-current	163		100
Provision for future cost of removal and AROs⁽¹¹⁾	1,427		1,120
Nuclear decommissioning trust⁽¹²⁾	902		804
Derivatives⁽⁷⁾	69		79
Deferred cost of fuel used in electric generation⁽⁴⁾	14		97
Other	210		185
Regulatory liabilities-non-current	2,622		2,285
Total regulatory liabilities	$	2,785	$	2,385
Virginia Power
Regulatory assets:
Deferred nuclear refueling outage costs⁽¹⁾	$	71	$	75
Deferred rate adjustment clause costs⁽²⁾	51		80
Deferred cost of fuel used in electric generation⁽⁴⁾	—		111
Other	57		60
Regulatory assets-current	179		326
Deferred rate adjustment clause costs⁽²⁾	246		213
PJM transmission rates⁽⁶⁾	192		192
Derivatives⁽⁷⁾	133		110
Income taxes recoverable through future rates⁽⁸⁾	76		97
Other	123		55
Regulatory assets-non-current	770		667
Total regulatory assets	$	949	$	993
Regulatory liabilities:
Deferred cost of fuel used in electric generation⁽⁴⁾	$	61	$	—
Other	54		35
Regulatory liabilities-current	115		35
Provision for future cost of removal⁽¹¹⁾	946		890
Nuclear decommissioning trust⁽¹²⁾	902		804
Derivatives⁽⁷⁾	69		79
Deferred cost of fuel used in electric generation⁽⁴⁾	14		97
Other	31		59
Regulatory liabilities-non-current	1,962		1,929
Total regulatory liabilities	$	2,077	$	1,964
Dominion Gas
Regulatory assets:
Unrecovered gas costs⁽³⁾	$	12	$	11
Deferred rate adjustment clause costs⁽²⁾	12		10



Other	2		2
Regulatory assets-current	26		23
Unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit costs⁽⁵⁾	358		282
Utility reform legislation⁽⁹⁾	99		65
Deferred rate adjustment clause costs⁽²⁾	79		82
Income taxes recoverable through future rates⁽⁸⁾	23		20
Other	18		—
Regulatory assets-non-current	577		449
Total regulatory assets	$	603	$	472
Regulatory liabilities:
PIPP⁽¹⁰⁾	$	28	$	46
Other	7		9
Regulatory liabilities-current	35		55
Provision for future cost of removal and AROs⁽¹¹⁾	174		170
Other	45		31
Regulatory liabilities-non-current	219		201
Total regulatory liabilities	$	254	$	256


(1)	Legislation enacted in Virginia in April 2014 requires Virginia Power to defer operation and maintenance costs incurred in connection with the refueling of any nuclear-powered generating plant. These deferred costs will be amortized over the refueling cycle, not to exceed 18 months.


(2)	Primarily reflects deferrals under the electric transmission FERC formula rate and the deferral of costs associated with certain current and prospective rider projects for Virginia Power and deferrals of costs associated with certain current and prospective rider projects for Dominion Gas. See Note 13 for more information.


(3)	Reflects unrecovered gas costs at regulated gas operations, which are recovered through filings with the applicable regulatory authority.


(4)	Reflects deferred fuel expenses for the Virginia and North Carolina jurisdictions of Dominion's and Virginia Power’s generation operations. See Note 13 for more information.


(5)	Represents unrecognized pension and other postretirement employee benefit costs expected to be recovered through future rates generally over the expected remaining service period of plan participants by certain of Dominion’s and Dominion Gas' rate-regulated subsidiaries.


(6)	Reflects amount related to the PJM transmission cost allocation matter. See Note 13 for more information.


(7)	As discussed under Derivative Instruments in Note 2, for jurisdictions subject to cost-based rate regulation, changes in the fair value of derivative instruments result in the recognition of regulatory assets or regulatory liabilities as they are expected to be recovered from or refunded to customers.


(8)	Amounts to be recovered through future rates to pay income taxes that become payable when rate revenue is provided to recover AFUDC-equity and depreciation of property, plant and equipment for which deferred income taxes were not recognized for ratemaking purposes, including amounts attributable to tax rate changes.

(9)

Ohio legislation under House Bill 95, which became effective in September 2011. This law updates natural gas legislation by enabling gas companies to include more up-to-date cost levels when filing rate cases. It also allows gas companies to seek approval of capital expenditure plans under which gas companies can recognize carrying costs on associated capital investments placed in service and can defer the carrying costs plus depreciation and property tax expenses for recovery from ratepayers in the future.


(10)	Under PIPP, eligible customers can make reduced payments based on their ability to pay. The difference between the customer’s total bill and the PIPP plan amount is deferred and collected or returned annually under the PIPP rate adjustment clause according to East Ohio tariff provisions. See Note 13 for more information.


(11)	Rates charged to customers by the Companies’ regulated businesses include a provision for the cost of future activities to remove assets that are expected to be incurred at the time of retirement.


(12)	Primarily reflects a regulatory liability representing amounts collected from Virginia jurisdictional customers and placed in external trusts (including income, losses and changes in fair value thereon) for the future decommissioning of Virginia Power’s utility nuclear generation stations, in excess of the related AROs.

At December 31, 2016, $303 million of Dominion's, $230 million of Virginia Power's and $31 million of Dominion Gas' regulatory assets represented past expenditures on which they do not currently earn a return. With the exception of the $192 million PJM transmission cost allocation matter, the majority of these expenditures are expected to be recovered within the next two years.

At December 31,

(millions)