Income Taxes

For continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests, the statutory United States federal income tax rate reconciles to the Companies' effective income tax rate as follows:



	Dominion				Virginia Power				Dominion Gas
Six Months Ended June 30,	2016		2015		2016		2015		2016		2015
United States statutory rate	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%
Increases (reductions) resulting from:
State taxes, net of federal benefit	4.3		3.3		4.0		3.8		3.8		3.9
Investment tax credits	(9.9	)	(2.7	)	—		—		—		—
Production tax credits	(0.8	)	(0.8	)	(0.6	)	(0.5	)	—		—
State legislative change	(1.3	)	—		—		—		—		—
Other, net	(2.3	)	(1.0	)	(0.5	)	(0.7	)	(0.1	)	—
Effective tax rate	25.0	%	33.8	%	37.9	%	37.6	%	38.7	%	38.9	%

As of June 30, 2016, there have been no material changes in the Companies' unrecognized tax benefits or possible changes that could reasonably be expected to occur during the next twelve months. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Companies' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 for a discussion of these unrecognized tax benefits.