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Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure [Text Block]
NOTE
15
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
 
Defined Contribution and Deferred Compensation Plans
 
The Company has a
401
(k) retirement investment plan (
“401
(k) Plan”), which is open to all otherwise eligible U.S. employees
with at least
six
months of service. The
401
(k) Plan calls for Company matching contributions on a sliding scale based on the level of the employee’s contribution. The Company
may,
at its discretion, make additional contributions to the
401
(k) Plan based on the attainment of certain performance targets by its subsidiaries. The Company’s matching contributions are funded bi-monthly and totaled approximately
$3.0
million,
$3.1
million, and
$2.9
million for the years
2017,
2016,
and
2015,
respectively.
No
discretionary contributions were made in
2017,
2016,
or
2015.
 
Under the Company
’s nonqualified savings plans (“NSPs”), the Company provides eligible employees the opportunity to enter into agreements for the deferral of a specified percentage of their compensation, as defined in the NSPs. The NSPs call for Company matching contributions on a sliding scale based on the level of the employee’s contribution. The obligations of the Company under such agreements to pay the deferred compensation in the future in accordance with the terms of the NSPs are unsecured general obligations of the Company. Participants have
no
right, interest or claim in the assets of the Company, except as unsecured general creditors. The Company has established a rabbi trust to hold, invest and reinvest deferrals and contributions under the NSPs. If a change in control of the Company occurs, as defined in the NSPs, the Company will contribute an amount to the rabbi trust sufficient to pay the obligation owed to each participant. Deferred compensation in connection with the NSPs totaled
$31.9
million at
December 31, 2017.
The Company invests the deferrals in insurance instruments with readily determinable cash surrender values. The value of the insurance instruments was
$28.0
million as of
December 31, 2017.
 
Foreign Defined Benefit Plans
 
The Company has trusteed defined benefit retirement plans which cover many of its European employees. The benefits are generally based on years of service and the employee
’s average monthly compensation. Pension expense was
$1.9
million,
$1.2
million, and
$2.1
million for the years
2017,
2016
and
2015,
respectively.  Plan assets are primarily invested in insurance contracts and equity and fixed income securities.  The Company uses a year-end measurement date for the plans.  As of
December 31, 2017,
for the European plans, the Company had a net liability recorded of
$13.4
million, an amount equal to their underfunded status, and has recorded in Other Comprehensive Income an amount equal to
$48.0
million (net of taxes of approximately
$15
million) related to the future amounts to be recorded in net post-retirement benefit costs.
 
The tables presented below set forth the funded status of the Company
’s significant foreign defined benefit plans and required disclosures in accordance with applicable accounting standards
 
   
FISCAL YEAR
 
   
20
17
   
20
16
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Change in benefit obligation
               
Benefit obligation, beginning of year
  $
277,813
    $
243,717
 
Service cost
   
1,628
     
1,032
 
Interest cost
   
5,559
     
6,580
 
Benefits and expenses paid
   
(10,267
)    
(8,551
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
   
13,351
     
73,600
 
Member contributions
   
262
     
225
 
Currency translation adjustment
   
32,202
     
(38,790
)
                 
Benefit obligation, end of year
  $
320,548
    $
277,813
 
 
   
FISCAL YEAR
 
   
2017
   
2016
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Change in plan assets
               
Plan assets, beginning of year
  $
258,365
    $
239,281
 
Actual return on assets
   
25,691
     
59,364
 
Company contributions
   
2,812
     
4,991
 
Benefits paid
   
(10,267
)    
(8,552
)
Currency translation adjustment
   
30,565
     
(36,719
)
                 
Plan assets, end of year
  $
307,166
    $
258,365
 
                 
Reconciliation to balance sheet
               
Funded status benefit asset/(liability)
  $
(13,382
)   $
(19,448
)
                 
Net amount recognized   $
(13,382
)   $
(19,448
)
                 
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (after tax)
               
Unrecognized actuarial loss
  $
48,443
    $
49,547
 
Unamortized prior service costs
   
(471
)    
(311
)
Total amount recognized
  $
47,972
    $
49,236
 
                 
                 
Accumulated Benefit Obligation
  $
313,257
    $
274,414
 
 
 
The above disclosure represents the aggregation of information related to the Company
’s
two
defined benefit plans which cover many of its European employees. As of
December 31, 2017,
and
January 1, 2017,
one
of these plans, which primarily covers certain employees in the United Kingdom (the “UK Plan”), had an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the plan assets. The other plan, which covers certain employees in the Netherlands (the “Dutch Plan”), had assets in excess of the accumulated benefit obligation. The following table summarizes this information as of
December 31, 2017
and
January 1, 2017.
 
   
END OF FISCAL YEAR
 
   
20
17
   
20
16
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
UK Plan
               
Projected Benefit Obligation
  $
190,992
    $
171,172
 
Accumulated Benefit Obligation
   
190,992
     
171,172
 
Plan Assets
   
179,322
     
153,132
 
                 
                 
Dutch
Plan
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Projected Benefit Obligation
  $
129,554
    $
106,641
 
Accumulated Benefit Obligation
   
122,265
     
103,242
 
Plan Assets
   
127,844
     
105,233
 
 
 
   
FISCAL YEAR
 
   
2017
   
2016
   
2015
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Components of net periodic benefit cost
                       
Service cost
  $
1,628
    $
1,032
    $
1,061
 
Interest cost
   
5,559
     
6,580
     
8,384
 
Expected return on plan assets
   
(6,496
)    
(7,553
)    
(8,764
)
Amortization of prior service cost
   
(34
)    
33
     
33
 
Recognized net actuarial (gains)/losses
   
1,287
     
1076
     
1,359
 
                         
Net periodic benefit cost
  $
1,944
    $
1,168
    $
2,073
 
 
The
Company reconciles the components of net periodic pension expense by comparing the beginning balance of assets and the beginning projected obligation against the assumptions of asset return and interest costs. Any significant differences will be explained. There were
no
such differences in
2017.
 
For
20
18,
it is estimated that approximately
$1.2
million of expenses related to the amortization of unrecognized items will be included in the net periodic benefit cost. During
2017,
other comprehensive income was impacted by approximately
$7.0
million comprised of actuarial gain of approximately
$5.8
million and amortization of
$1.2
million. 
This decrease was offset by the strengthening of the euro and British Pound against the dollar during
2017.
 
   
FISCAL YEAR
 
   
201
7
   
201
6
   
201
5
 
Weighted average assumptions used to
determine net periodic benefit cost
                       
Discount rate
   
2.0
%    
2.7
%    
3.0
%
Expected return on plan assets
   
2.3
%    
3.1
%    
4.0
%
Rate of compensation
   
1.75
%    
2.0
%    
2.0
%
Weighted average assumptions used to determine
benefit obligations
                       
Discount rate
   
2.2
%    
2.3
%    
3.4
%
Rate of compensation
   
1.75
%    
2.0
%    
2.0
%
 
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption is based on weighted average expected returns for each asset class. Expected returns reflect a combination of historical performance analysis and the forward-looking views of the financial markets, and include input from actuaries, investment service firms and investment managers.
 
The investment objectives of the foreign defined benefit plans are to maximize the return on the investments without exceeding the limits of the prudent pension fund investment, to ensure that the assets would be sufficient to exceed minimum funding requirements, and to achieve a favorable return against the performance expectation based on historic and projected rates of return over the short term. The goal is to optimize the long-term return on plan assets at a moderate level of risk, by balancing higher-returning assets, such as equity securities, with less volatile assets, such as fixed income securities. The assets are managed by professional investment firms and performance is evaluated periodically against specific benchmarks. The plans
’ net assets did
not
include the Company’s own stock at
December 31, 2017
or
January 1, 2017.
 
Dutch Plan Assets and Indexation
Benefit
 
As is common in Dutch pension plans, the Dutch
Plan includes a provision for discretionary benefit increases termed “indexation.” The indexation benefit is meant to adjust pension benefits for cost-of-living increases, similar to U.S. consumer price index-based cost-of-living adjustments for U.S. retirement plans. The indexation benefit is
not
guaranteed, and is only provided for and paid out if sufficient assets are available due to favorable asset returns.
 
Both the vested benefit amounts as well as amounts related to the discretionary indexation benefits under the
Dutch Plan are paid pursuant to an insurance contract with a private insurer (the “Contract”). The Plan itself is financed by investment assets held within the Contract. The Contract guarantees payment of vested amounts, regardless of whether Plan assets held through the Contract are ultimately sufficient to pay vested amounts, and also provides for payment of the indexation amount on a contingent basis if the actual return on Dutch Plan assets is sufficient to pay it. This type of insurance arrangement is common in The Netherlands, although
not
necessarily common in other jurisdictions.
 
Because the prior actual and future projected returns on
Dutch Plan assets have been determined to be sufficient to provide for the indexation benefit, the Company and the insurer agreed that it was appropriate to provide the indexation benefit under the Contract. The indexation benefit thus becomes an amount payable by the insurer under the Contract, and consequently is recorded as a Plan asset. The corresponding obligation to pay the indexation amount to pensioners thus became a pension liability. As of
December 31, 2017,
and
January 1, 2017,
this indexation liability and corresponding asset was
$32.7
million and
$32.2
million, respectively. The inclusion of this amount does
not
have any impact on the funded status of the plan, as both the indexation asset and liability are recorded at the same amount. This indexation asset, along with the remainder of the assets under the Dutch Plan, are identified as Level Three assets under the fair value hierarchy.
 
Under the express terms of the Contract, contract value is the greater of (i) the value of the discounted vested benefits of the
Dutch Plan (i.e., the benefit amount guaranteed by the insurance company), and (ii) the fair value of the underlying investment assets held by the insurance company under the Contract. As between those
two
values, the former was the greater for
2017
and
2016
and this represents the plan assets as shown above for the Dutch Plan. However, as explained above, the Contract also will pay the indexation benefit if sufficient assets are available, which the Company believes to be probable based on recent returns. Therefore, in addition to the value of the discounted vested benefits of the Dutch Plan, in determining the fair value of the Contract, the Company believed that it was appropriate to include the value of the indexation payments that are being added to the vested benefit amounts. As explained above, these indexation benefits will be paid out of the Contract if asset returns continue to exceed expectations. If the asset returns are
not
of an expected amount to allow for indexation, the Company can, at any time, remove this indexation benefit.
 
The Company
’s actual weighted average asset allocations for
2017
and
2016,
and the targeted asset allocation for
2018,
of the foreign defined benefit plans by asset category, are as follows:
 
   
FISCAL YEAR
 
   
2018
   
2017
   
2016
 
   
Target Allocation
   
Percentage of Plan Assets at Year End
 
Asset Category:
                         
Equity Securities
 
 15%
-
20%
     
16
%    
15
%
Debt and Debt Securities
 
 35%
-
45%
     
32
%    
36
%
Other
 
 40%
-
50%
     
52
%    
49
%
                           
   
 
100%
 
     
100
%    
100
%
 
Fair Value Measurements of Plan Assets
 
Accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure estimated fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level
1
measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level
3
measurements). The
three
levels of the fair value hierarchy under applicable accounting standards are described below:
 
Level
1
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
     
Level
2
Inputs to the valuation methodology include
:
   
quoted prices for similar assets in active markets;
   
quoted prices for identical or similar assets in inactive markets;
   
inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset; and
   
inputs that are derived principally or corroborated by observable data by correlation or other means.
     
Level
3
Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
 
A financial instrument
’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
 
The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the
foreign defined benefit plans’ assets at fair value, as of
December 31, 2017
and
January 1, 2017.
As required by accounting standards, assets are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. As noted above the Dutch pension plan assets as represented by the insurance contact are classified as a Level
3
asset and included in the “Other” asset category.
 
 
   
 
Pension Plan Assets by Category as of December 31, 2017
 
   
Dutch Plan
   
UK Plan
   
Total
 
   
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
   
 
 
 
Level 1
  $
0
    $
87,521
    $
87,521
 
Level 2
   
0
     
68,668
     
68,668
 
Level 3
   
127,844
     
23,133
     
150,977
 
Total
  $
127,844
    $
179,322
    $
307,166
 
 
 
   
Pension Plan Assets by Category as of January 1, 2017
 
   
Dutch
Plan
   
UK Plan
   
Total
 
   
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
   
 
 
 
Level 1
  $
0
    $
80,048
    $
80,048
 
Level 2
   
0
     
50,364
     
50,364
 
Level 3
   
105,233
     
22,720
     
127,953
 
Total
  $
105,233
    $
153,132
    $
258,365
 
 
The tables below detail the foreign defined benefit plans
’ assets by asset allocation and fair value hierarchy:
 
   
2017
 
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
   
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
   
 
 
 
Asset Class
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Securities
  $
48,285
    $
0
    $
0
 
Debt and Debt Securities
   
36,780
     
41,381
     
19,883
 
Other (including cash)
   
2,456
     
27,287
     
131,094
 
    $
87,521
    $
68,668
    $
150,977
 
 
 
 
   
201
6
 
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
   
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
   
 
 
 
Asset Class
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Securities
  $
37,696
    $
0
    $
0
 
Debt and Debt Securities
   
37,175
     
36,378
     
19,224
 
Other (including cash)
   
5,177
     
13,986
     
108,729
 
    $
80,048
    $
50,364
    $
127,953
 
 
With the exception of the
Dutch Plan assets as discussed above, the assets identified as level
3
above in
2017
and
2016
relate to insured annuities and direct lending assets held by the UK Plan. The fair value of these assets was calculated using the present value of the future cash flows due under the insurance annuities and for the direct lending assets the value is based on the asset value from the latest available valuation with adjustments for any drawdowns and distribution payments made between the valuation date and the reporting date. The table below indicates the change in value related to these level 
3
assets during
2017:
 
   
201
7
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Balance of level 3 assets, beginning of year
  $
127,953
 
Interest cost
   
2,633
 
Benefits paid
   
(3,728
)
Assets transferred in to (out of) Level 3
   
(2,089
)
Actuarial gain (loss)
   
8,753
 
Translation adjustment
   
17,455
 
Ending Balance of level 3 assets
  $
150,977
 
 
 
During
20
18,
the Company expects to contribute
$3.3
million to the plans. It is anticipated that future benefit payments for the foreign defined benefit plans will be as follows:
 
FISCAL YEAR
   
EXPECTED PAYMENTS
 
 
   
 
 
(in thousands)
 
               
201
8
 
 
    $
9,115
 
201
9
 
 
     
9,334
 
20
20
 
 
     
9,650
 
20
21
 
 
     
10,011
 
20
22
 
 
     
10,257
 
2023
-
2027
     
54,661
 
 
Domestic Defined Benefit Plan
 
The Company maintains a domestic nonqualified salary continuation plan (“SCP”)
, which is designed to induce selected officers of the Company to remain in the employ of the Company by providing them with retirement, disability and death benefits in addition to those which they
may
receive under the Company’s other retirement plans and benefit programs. The SCP entitles participants to: (i) retirement benefits upon normal retirement at age
65
(or early retirement as early as age
55
) after completing at least
15
years of service with the Company (unless otherwise provided in the SCP), payable for the remainder of their lives (or, if elected by a participant, a reduced benefit is payable for the remainder of the participant’s life and any surviving spouse’s life) and in
no
event less than
10
years under the death benefit feature; (ii) disability benefits payable for the period of any total disability; and (iii) death benefits payable to the designated beneficiary of the participant for a period of up to
10
years. Benefits are determined according to
one
of
three
formulas contained in the SCP, and the SCP is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, which has full discretion in choosing participants and the benefit formula applicable to each. The Company’s obligations under the SCP are currently unfunded (although the Company uses insurance instruments to hedge its exposure thereunder). The Company is required to contribute the present value of its obligations thereunder to an irrevocable grantor trust in the event of a change in control as defined in the SCP. The Company uses a year-end measurement date for the domestic SCP.
 
The tables presented below set forth the required disclosures in accordance with
applicable accounting standards, and amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements related to the domestic SCP. There is
no
service cost component of the change in benefit obligation in
2017
as there are
no
longer any active participants in the plan.
 
   
FISCAL YEAR
 
   
2017
   
2016
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Change in benefit obligation
               
Benefit obligation, beginning of year
  $
29,700
    $
25,860
 
Service cost
   
0
     
440
 
Interest cost
   
1,256
     
1,269
 
Benefits paid
   
(1,943
)    
(1,012
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
   
2,906
     
3,143
 
                 
Benefit obligation, end of year
  $
31,919
    $
29,700
 
 
The amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
 
   
20
17
   
20
16
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Current liabilities
  $
2,030
    $
1,890
 
Non-current liabilities
   
29,889
     
27,810
 
Total benefit obligation   $
31,919
    $
29,700
 
 
 
The components of the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income, after tax, are as follows:
 
 
   
20
17
   
20
16
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Unrecognized actuarial loss
   
8,582
    $
5,626
 
 
The accumulated benefit obligation related to the SCP was
$31.9
million and
$29.7
million as of
December 31, 2017
and
January 1, 2017,
respectively. The SCP is currently unfunded; as such, the benefit obligations disclosed are also the benefit obligations in excess of the plan assets. The Company uses insurance instruments to help limit its exposure under the SCP.
 
   
20
17
   
20
16
   
20
15
 
   
(in thousands, except for assumptions)
 
A
ssumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost
                       
Discount rate
   
3.85
%    
4.25
%    
4.0
%
Rate of compensation
   
-
     
4.0
%    
4.0
%
                         
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations
                       
Discount rate
   
3.5
%    
3.85
%    
4.25
%
Rate of compensation
   
-
     
4.0
%    
4.0
%
                         
Components of net periodic benefit cost
                       
Service cost
  $
0
    $
440
    $
594
 
Interest cost
   
1,256
     
1,269
     
1,113
 
Amortization
s
   
364
     
811
     
522
 
                         
Net periodic benefit cost
  $
1,620
    $
2,520
    $
2,229
 
 
The changes in other comprehensive income during
20
17
related to the SCP as a result of plan activity and valuation were approximately
$1.7
million, after tax, primarily comprised of a net loss during the period of
$2.0
million and amortization of loss of
$0.3
million. In addition to these items, as a result of the recently enacted U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act changes, the Company increased its minimum pension liability which resides in accumulated other comprehensive income by
$1.3
million to record the liability net of the new lower U.S. federal tax rate.
 
For
20
18,
the Company estimates that approximately
$0.5
million of expenses related to the amortization of unrecognized items will be included in net periodic benefit cost for the SCP.
 
During
20
17,
the Company contributed
$1.9
million in the form of direct benefit payments for its domestic SCP. It is anticipated that future benefit payments for the SCP will be as follows:
 
FISCAL YEAR
   
EXPECTED PAYMENTS
 
 
   
 
 
(in thousands)
 
20
18
 
 
    $
2,030
 
20
19
 
 
     
2,030
 
20
20
 
 
     
2,030
 
20
21
 
 
     
2,030
 
202
2
 
 
     
2,030
 
2023
-
2027
     
9,990