Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Revenue [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition

See Note 2 – “Revenue Recognition” for a discussion of our revenue recognition policies.

Cost of Goods and Service [Policy Text Block]

Cost of Services (excluding depreciation and amortization)

Cost of services includes all costs related to the delivery of communication services and products. These operating costs include all costs of performing services and providing related products including engineering, network monitoring and transportation costs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses include direct and indirect selling expenses, customer service, billing and collections, advertising and all other general and administrative costs associated our operations.

Depreciation, Depletion, and Amortization [Policy Text Block]

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

We use the group life method (mass asset accounting) to depreciate the assets of our communications companies. Communications plant acquired in a given year is grouped into similar categories and depreciated over the remaining estimated useful life of the group. When an asset is retired, both the asset and the accumulated depreciation associated with that asset are removed from the books. Due to rapid changes in technology, selecting the estimated economic life of communications plant and equipment requires a significant amount of judgment. We periodically review data on expected utilization of new equipment, asset retirement activity and net salvage values to determine adjustments to our depreciation rates. In 2022, we accelerated depreciation on our copper networks as we transition to a new fiber-to-the-premise (FTTP) network. Other than this change, we have not made any other significant changes to the lives of these assets in the two year period ended March 31, 2023. Depreciation expense was $3,265,613 and $3,010,200 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The increase in depreciation expense in the first quarter of 2023 was primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures used to aid in our transition to a new advanced FTTP network. We amortize our definite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. Identifiable intangible assets that are subject to amortization are evaluated for impairment.

Grant money received from governmental entities for reimbursement of capital expenditures is accounted for as a reduction from the cost of the asset. As the grant was to be used in the Company’s regulated network, the Company accounts for this funding as aid to construction as outlined in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Part 32 “Uniform System of Accounts for Telecommunications Companies.” The resulting balance sheet presentation reflects the Company’s net investment in the assets in property, plant and equipment. Depreciation is calculated and recorded based on the reduced cost of the investment therefore the impact of prior grants received is reflected in earnings as a reduction in depreciation. Grant funds are shown as inflows in the financing activities section of the statement of cash flows.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes consists of an amount for taxes currently payable and a provision for tax consequences deferred to future periods. Deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities, and their respective tax basis. Significant components of our deferred taxes arise from differences (i) in the basis of property, plant and equipment due to the use of accelerated depreciation methods for tax purposes, as well as (ii) in partnership investments and intangible assets due to the difference between book and tax basis. Our effective income tax rate is normally higher than the United States tax rate due to state income taxes and permanent differences.

We account for income taxes in accordance with GAAP, which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. As required by GAAP, we recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more-likely-than-not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 we had $19,787 of unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would affect the tax rate. We do not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to materially change over the next twelve months.      

We are primarily subject to United States, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota and Wisconsin income taxes. Tax years subsequent to 2018 remain open to examination by federal and state tax authorities. During the year ending December 31, 2022, we settled our examination by the State of Minnesota. The examination did not have a material effect on our financial statements. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as income tax expense. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 we had $3,518 of accrued interest or penalties that related to income tax matters.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Earnings and Dividends Per Share

The basic and diluted net income per share are calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended   March 31, 2023				Three Months Ended   March 31, 2022
	Basic		Diluted		Basic		Diluted
Net Income	$	4,321,559	$	4,321,559	$	2,401,606	$	2,401,606
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		5,095,097		5,136,814		5,111,622		5,124,540
Net income per share	$	0.85	$	0.84	$	0.47	$	0.47

The weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted, are calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended   March 31, 2023				Three Months Ended   March 31, 2022
	Basic		Diluted		Basic		Diluted
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		5,095,097		5,095,097		5,111,622		5,111,622
Dilutive RSU's/Options		-		41,717		-		12,918
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		5,095,097		5,136,814		5,111,622		5,124,540

Nuvera’s Board of Directors (BOD) reviews quarterly dividend declarations based on our anticipated earnings, capital requirements and our operating and financial conditions.  

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent Accounting Developments

Effective January 1, 2022, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2021-10 “Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance.” ASU 2021-10 requires disclosure by business entities of the types of government assistance received, the method of accounting for such assistance and the effects of the assistance on its financial statements. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our related disclosures.

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” ASU 2020-04 provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. During the quarter ended June 30, 2022, we novated a certain hedging relationship to one our interest rate swap agreements (IRSAs) by changing the reference rated from the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate to a secured overnight financing rate (SOFR). The amendment did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 requires entities to use a new forward-looking, expected loss model to estimate credit losses. It also requires additional disclosures relating to the credit quality of trade and other receivables, including information relating to management’s estimate of credit allowances. The Company is required to adopt ASU 2016-13 for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption as of December 15, 2018 is permitted. As of January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and the adoption did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

We have reviewed all other significant newly issued accounting pronouncements and determined that they are either not applicable to our business or that no material effect is expected on our financial position and results of operations.